Nigute Guhitamo Ibirenze hamwe nigorofa munzu yimbaho

Mu mazu ava mu kabari n'ibiti, kimwe no gutondekanya no gutondekanya vuba. Yoo, ntabwo buri gihe izi nzego zitanga ubushyuhe kandi bukabye. Rimwe na rimwe, baranyeganyega iyo bagenda kandi bakora imyaka 15-20 gusa. Tuzavuga ibyerekeye ikoranabuhanga nibikoresho bikwemerera gutsinda iyi nama.

Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru

Mububiko bwubwubatsi, biramenyerewe gutandukanya guhuzagurika (gushyigikira) hasi (kurwego, guhindagurika no kurangiza no kurangiza ibice), ariko akenshi ibi bice bifitanye isano rya bugufi no gukora muri rusange no gukora muri rusange. Kurugero, ubusuji bwubushyuhe bushobora kuba hagati yimiti, ni ukuvuga mubunini bwuzuye, kandi abatata ntabwo ari uguhuza, ariko kugirango bagabanye umutwaro ku biti.

Rero, mugihe ushushanya inyubako yo hasi-yigenga, birakenewe kuzirikana sisitemu yose ya "kuringaniza" hasi.

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Kubaka munsi yagati hamwe nigorofa ya mbere

Igishushanyo mbonera cyo hasi hamwe n'amagorofa ya mbere biterwa ahanini n'ubwoko bwa Fondasiyo. Hano, ibiti bitwara ntabwo bigoye kuruhuka, gukuraho "ibintu" bidafite ishingiro no kongera imipaka ntarengwa (byombi byatanzwe kandi byibandaho). Umuhungu uhumurijwe ninkunga kurubuga. Uyu munsi, kimwe n'imyaka mirongo ishize, amazu mato y'ibiti akunze kubakwa ku mbuga zaciwe neza - inkingi, inkingi n'imyanda na kaseti, hanyuma bikangurura igorofa, bikangurura amagorofa ya mbere bituma ibiti bya mbere bikora ibiti by'ibiti.

Bison birenze: 1-Posterk; 2 - igiti; 3 -Nakat kuva 25 mm ibibaho byijimye; 4, 6 - Hydro-Gusuhuza; 5 - Amajwi meza; 7 - chipboard; 8 - Substrate; 9 - Laminate. Gutekereza: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Itangazamakuru

Atic yuzuye: 1 - laskisitani; 2 - Imva; 3 - Gusunika Ubushyuhe; 4 - igiti; 5 - amazi; 6 - Rubles ava mu kibaho ufite ubunini bwa mm 35-40. Gutekereza: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Itangazamakuru

Impera z'ibiti, mu ruhare rw'ibintu bikomeye bifite igice cyambukiranya 100 × × 150, firigo ku rukuta cyangwa uburyo bwo gufunga tuzavuga hepfo). Kugira ngo wirinde kunyeganyega no guhindura imibonano mpuzabitsina, inyongera nyamukuru zisukwa - amatafari mato yo korora cyangwa inkingi ya beto. Muri icyo gihe, ibiti biherereye mu kwiyongera kugera kuri M 1.2, hamwe n'inkingi zingana na m 1.5. Kuruhande rwa beams nourish utubari tutabarika no gutondekanya imitambiko idahwitse (Ruberoid, Hydrohoteloisol, nibindi), hanyuma insulation (urugero, ibice bibiri byamabuye y'agaciro afite ubudodo bwa mm 150. Hejuru yakwirakwije ikindi gice cy'amazi kugira ngo cyako byavuyemo bike hagati y'ibiti, no kugaburira ubwato. Kubindi hasi (laminate, ikibaho cya parque

Imbaraga zimiterere yubuvukiro ziterwa nubunini bwicyuma hamwe nubwiza bwo gusudira. Iheruka igomba gusukurwa no gushushanya ingese. Ibikurikira, ibimenyetso byamatapi, kurugero, hamwe na bitumen hamwe, bikubiyemo ibice byose byigishushanyo - ibyuma byombi nimbaho. Ifoto: "Umushinga", "Ibikoresho"

Igishushanyo cyasobanuwe ni kimwe mu gihe cyiza, ariko nticyemerera gutegura ibishoboka byose n'ibintu biremereye by'ingazi - kandi abo n'abandi bagomba gushingira ku biti. Ifite ikindi, ingaruka zikomeye cyane: Nkibisubizo byinka ntanganiye cyangwa bigengwa nifu yubukonje, inkingi zintera igorofa, inkingi zikunze kuzamura hasi, ziva mu mwanya wazo, ntabwo zigwa. Ubwuzuzanye (nkurufatiro ruto rufite imitwe) ntirushobora gusabwa mumazu yubatswe kuri "DysFunccal" ubutaka nuburinganire. Bolt yuzuyemo inkunga. Iki gishushanyo cyahujwe neza na Fondasiyo Kuva Screw na Boronobebile zijya hamwe na Metallic cyangwa bashimangiwe ibiti bifatika. Rigels - ibiti-byazunguye ibyuma (umuyoboro cyangwa diodeava) - yashyizwe mu ntambwe ya m 2-3 kandi isudira ku gishushanyo kimwe cyagenwe. Imikorere yumutwe Hagati ikorwa nibirundo, yatunganije buri 2,5-3.5. Yicyuma, gusa itwara imyanya minini irakorwa, hejuru yacyo (kuri perpendicular kuri raglels) yashizwemo yabyimbye (kuva kuri mm 4) ibikoresho byitahiro aho bahurira nicyuma. Muri iki gishushanyo, ubushyuhe bugomba kuba hagati ya lags, kandi kubice bikaze ni byiza gukoresha CSP cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwihanganira ibintu.

Muri 2016, mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi bwo hagati cyubushakashatsi. V. A. Kuchereko, ku cyabunyi cy'ibiti byiza, byakorewe ibizamini byo kurwanya umuriro by'ibiti bikozwe mu bimera bifatika bifite igice cya 150 × 400 cy'ibiti bya FIR. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko igiti gishobora kwihanganira umutwaro wibanze kuri toni 2 nyuma yo gusohora iminota 93 kandi ukurikije imbaraga zisigaye zarenze ibyuma kandi bishimangira ibicuruzwa bisiga. Muri icyo gihe, abahagarariye isosiyete y'abakora bavuga ko igikoma kitari cyatunganijwe n'umuriro. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisubizo, ibitangazamakuru bimwe byagize umwanzuro rusange ku bijyanye n'umutekano muremure w'umuriro wo kurenganya ibiti by'imiti no kwimbaho ​​bigezweho muri rusange. Ariko, birakwiye ko twitondera ko ibizamini bisigaye "kugirango urumuri" umuvuduko wakwirakwiriye mu nyubako y'ibiti, igishobora gusenyuka kw'intambwe n'ibindi bintu byinshi.

Ubundi buryo burashoboka mugihe bikatiye ibiti bivuye mu tubari bikomeye (150 × 100 × 100) biremewe, imbata zabavugisitu zakunze kugaragara "imbavu zambukiranya 150/250 × 50 mm 50. Bolshoe yuzuye ntabwo yunamye kandi aranyeganyega kandi igufasha gushiraho ibice bigabanijwe nintambwe ahantu heza. Hasi hasi ku ziko rya Fondasiyo. Monolithic yashimangiye amasaha y'isahani ashimangira ku rufatiro rw'ibikoresho by'inzu y'imbaho, kandi ku butaka bw'uruhinja rwibintu biri hanze yaya marushanwa. Mubisanzwe, urufatiro rwakwirakwijwe rwakwirakwije ibice bibiri byazungurutse amazi kandi bitegura lag. Imitwe yicyuma, ingofero ya plastike, inkunga ya screw ikoreshwa muguhuza lag. Niba umushinga uteganijwe hejuru yibanze, lagows ishyirwa mumatako. Monolitte ifatika kuri plate shingiro. Iki gisubizo cyibanze kumazi ashyushye: Hejuru yisahani y'amazi yashyize ahagaragara umubyimba mwinshi (urugero, yazimye ifuro rya mm 50 z'ubunini bwa mm 50 z'uburebure (vuga, uhereye kuri firime ya polyethylene) yasutswe Ihuza rya beto hamwe nubwinshi bwa mm 40, ohereza umuyoboro muri igorofa.

Kurenganya n'inkunga ku nkingi: 1 - igiti; 2 - Pole yerekanwe; 3 - Amazi yumukara avuye kuburiri bwa antiseptic; 4, 6 - Yanduye amazi; 5 - Amashuri; 7 - Ubuyobozi bw'igihugu. Amashusho: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media

Hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyibikorwa byo gukosorwa, biremewe kandi gushira hasi. Ishingiro rikomeye muri izi manza ryakozwe kuva chip cyangwa sima-chipboard, na scrick isukwa mubice bibiri, bishimangira urwego rwa mbere rwa gride. Byongeye kandi, ntushobora kubitsa imiyoboro, ariko ubishyire mu madasi hagati y'ibiti, kubera kwisuhuza. Nibyo, iki gisubizo gifite ibibi bikomeye, byumwihariko, gushyushya bike kimwe no gushyushya hasi, imbaraga nini hamwe nimbaraga nini zo kwangiza imiyoboro hamwe na coolant. Twasobanuye gusa igishushanyo mbonera cya etage ya mbere. Mubikorwa, akenshi yifashishwa mubice bitandukanye bihujwe, koresha ibyapa biteguye, no mubyumba byingirakamaro, bisunika ubutaka. Rimwe na rimwe (urugero, hamwe na ruswa ireremba kureremba yubatswe ku butaka bwakozwe mu gishanga), bifite ubwenge kureka inkunga itera imbere, yongereye ibiti cyangwa kongera umubare wabo.

Hamwe n'inkunga ya Ruralshard n'ibirundo: 1 - umutuku; 2, 5, 8 - Ntamaciro; 3 - lag; 4 - umuzingo wirabura; 6 - Ikirundo; 7 - AMAFARANGA; 9 - Plywoode idafite amazi (ibice bibiri); 10 - Ikibaho cya Parquet. Gutekereza: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Itangazamakuru

Uburyo gakondo bwo gufunga imirasire yo gukwirakwira munzu yimbaho ​​nibyinshi hagati yikamba. Iragufasha gukora nta byihuta, ariko ifite ibidukikije byinshi. Iyo wanditse, uca intege kandi beam ubwayo ubaho, n'inkike z'inzu; Gushyira mu bikorwa igihome bisaba igihe nubuhanga, kandi amakosa akandamijwe isura yibibanza no guhuha urukuta. Ni muri urwo rwego, uyu munsi, amasosiyete menshi yubwubatsi ahitamo gukoresha ifumbire yicyuma, yakozwe na Bilar, Culn, karake ikomeye, hamwe nandi marangi yicyuma kandi akwemerera gushiraho imiti yibyuma yose.

Ibiti biva muri Shediar nigiti gisanzwe gishobora gutezwa nubuzima. Ifoto: "Interoli"

Ibicuruzwa byasojwe birasya kandi bitwikiriwe na varishi. Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru

Hamwe nuburebure buhagije bwicyumba, icyanga icyatsi kibisi rimwe na rimwe cyashizwemo

Gutwikira mu mirima y'ibiti birashobora kwihanganira umutwaro ukwirakwijwe kugeza kuri 900 KGF / M2. Ifoto: "Eurocode 5"

Kurenga kuri Lvl Cims birashobora kwihanganira umutwaro watanzwe kugeza kuri 900 kgf / m2. Ifoto: Ultralam

Nkubushyuhe n'amajwi meza, urashobora gukoresha amababi n'amasahani. Ikintu nyamukuru nugutanga umuburo gihagije cyurwego no kurinda ibikoresho biva mubushuhe. Ifoto: Saint-Gobain Itover

Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwakoreshejwe ibikoresho byuzuye hamwe nibikoresho byamazi bigomba kuba byibuze imyaka 30. Ifoto: Tehtonol

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Amakosa asanzwe mukubaka gutura hamwe n'amagorofa ya mbere

1. Koresha nk'inkunga y'imibare y'intebe zidatinze hamwe n'inkingi nziza.
2. Kubura amazi cyangwa inkunga (ibintu bya Fondasiyo, inkingi, ikirundo).
3. Kurengera bidahagije ibiti hamwe nutubari twashidikanywaho kuva kubora. Birakenewe byibuze gutunganya ibintu byimitsi hamwe na antiseptike kuva ku buhinzi cyangwa kutavuga mu bwogero.
4. Gukoresha gushushanya hasi kubikoresho bidafite ibinure (ibibaho bidafite ishingiro, fiber, chipboard, nibindi).
5. Ubushyuhe budahagije bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe (munsi ya mm 100).

Kurwanya kandi atiti

Tumaze kurekura inkuta kugeza uburebure bwamagorofa ya mbere, guhuzagurika byuzuye. Ibi byorohereza ibindi bisobanuro (ntawe wongeye gutondekanya imyanda y'amashyamba), kandi hiyongereyeho, hejuru yongera umutekano wimikorere yisanduku yinzu. Hagati yamagorofa, umutwaro wose wagereranijwe ugwa ku birindiro. Mugihe kimwe, ubunini bwinyungu bukunze kurenga m 5. Irinde gutandukana na "UNSSSS" hasi hano biragoye rwose. Inzira isanzwe yo gukemura ikibazo nukwongera igice cyambukiranya no kugabanuka kwa beam intambwe - ntabwo buri gihe itanga ibisubizo byifuzwa. Mubihe byinshi, birakenewe gukoresha imirishre yimbaraga nyinshi - kuva kuri LVL, amabuye yimbaho, amabuye ya kole. Lvl-ibiti byamenetse kuva mubwinshi bwa veneer hamwe nicyerekezo gisa na fibre, gifite imbaraga zikomeye nubufatanye. Duhereye kuri ibi bikoresho, tubyakozwe, dushobora kumenagura ingano ya metero 13,5. LVL-ibiti bikozwe neza hamwe ningaruka zubushuhe nububabare bukabije. Ahari igisubizo gikomeye ni igiciro kinini.

Inkoko zaka (amasaha yo gutambuka akozwe mu kibaho, inkoni ihagaritse - kuva ku chipboard) yakozwe kuri 8 m. Zibihebye inshuro 3 zoroha kandi zigomba kuba nziza kandi zigomba kuba rwose guhishwa no kubaka. Utubari twahamwometse twaraye, Pines, LaDar, imyerezi irashobora guhuzagurika kugeza kuri m 10. Biroroshye gushushanya kandi nibyiza kubice bifunguye. Iyo ukurikirana inter ikurikiranya, ikibazo kimwe gikomeye kigomba gukemurwa - kwinjiza amajwi. Kandi niba urusaku rwurugo ruto ruto "rukata" hamwe nubwoya bwamayobera hamwe nubunini bwa mm 80-100 (Ikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho mubyukuri hamwe na shingiro ryuzuye), noneho biragoye cyane kurinda Kurwanya urusaku rw'ingoma, kuko zanduzwa mu biti. Mugabanye gato amajwi yintambwe azafasha urwego rwo gutandukana rwibikoresho (cork veneed, yatsinze polyethylene), yashyizwe hagati yibintu bitwara no gukinisha hasi. Igipimo cyiza cyane kiri mubikoresho byuzuye hamwe nibitaramo kabiri byigenga - igitsina nigisenge. Iyanyuma irashobora kuba igice gito cyambukiranya, kuko bagomba kwihanganira umutwaro gusa nibikoresho byo kurinda urusaku. No mugusoza amagambo make yerekeye igishushanyo cya giteti gihuza nigisenge gikonje.

Umutwaro uhagaritse ni muto hano, kandi uzamure imisoro, ikora imikorere yimiti ihanitse, nkitegeko, ntabwo isabwa. Gukosora bigomba kwishyurwa neza: Ubunini bwamayobera yubunamizi bwasabwe kumwanya wo hagati wuburusiya ni MM 150-170. Kandi ntushobora kwibagirwa ibijyanye no gukingira munsi yisuku no hejuru yacyo. Iya mbere (uhereye kuri firime ya polyethylene cyangwa polypropylene) izayirinda ubushuhe bwa kabiri mumwanya ukurikira, urwa kabiri (urwa kabiri (kuva kuri moteri ya moshi.

Kugereranya ibiti mubikoresho bitandukanye

Ibikoresho	Ibyiza	Ibidukikije	Igiciro, rub. / pog. m *
Byose yariye	Kuboneka, Gucukura (Gucukura (neza, bishushanyijeho)	Ikunda kwarter	Kuva 120.
Cool Array yariye	Kongera imbaraga, kurwanya ububiko, gushushanya	Bikozwe ahanini kubisaba	Kuva 260.
Guhuzwa CODELL: URUBUGA Igiti + osp	Imbaraga nyinshi n'uburinganire, kubuza kubika	Kurwanya hasi kugirango uhindure imitwaro. Kurenga Ikoranabuhanga rya Crock, formaldehyde impfabusa birashoboka	Kuva 240.
Lvl-bar	Imbaraga nyinshi nuburinganire, kubuza ububiko, ingaruka nziza	Uburemere bukomeye, busize neza kandi burangirika (bitewe no kuba hari urwandiko rwa Glue)	Kuva 880.