Igorofa iyo ari yo yose cyangwa nyuma igerageza kwambara bikabije, hanyuma igomba guhinduka. Ariko shyira ibikoresho bishya kuri kera, ibishaje ntibikwiye, kuko mugihe kimwe kidakwiye kugaragara byanze bikunze, Creak kandi bizashoboka kongera gutangira gusanwa. Nigute ushobora kugarura hasi?
Igishushanyo mbonera cyagutse ku rwego rwo gushyira hejuru, ni we nyirabayazana w'ikimenyetso cy'umwanya ukurikira, kandi imikorere yo kwishoramo ubushyuhe nayo ikorwa ku magorofa ya mbere no mu nyubako ashyushya abaguzi.
Ifoto: KNAUF.
Iyo gusana "icyapa", burigihe bigomba kugarura cyangwa kubaka umushinga w'igishushanyo. Urebye, iki gikorwa biroroshye, kuko ntaho ubuze ku isoko, kandi ibigo byinshi bitanga ibisubizo byiteguye, nkamatsinda. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe ni ikibazo cyo guhitamo, kuko ugomba kuzirikana imiterere yo kurenganya, imitwaro yimikorere, uburebure bwigisenge, ubwoko bwubaka nibindi bintu. Kandi usibye, mbere yo gutangira akazi, birakenewe uruhushya abayobozi kugenzura imiturire kugirango bahindure hasi. N'urugo rukuru, biragoye gusana.
Ifoto: "Inzu ya Parquet"
Amazu menshi ashaje afite ikibaho kinini, ingabo cyangwa igice cya parquet
Ifoto: Itangazamakuru rya Legio
Iyo usana, igorofa yambaye ikurwaho hamwe nishami rishya, ishyireho umushinga mushya hanyuma ushyirwemo, kurugero, laminateal laminate cyangwa ikibaho gifatika
Ifoto: Itangazamakuru rya Legio
Gutabagira ntabwo biramba kuruta sima-umucanga wabigase, ariko imigozi yimbaho iri munsi, izamurwa byihuse kandi byoroshye gusanwa
Amakosa asanzwe mugihe cyo gusana igorofa
- Kugerageza Urwego Guhuza ibikoresho bitoroshye (Plywood 4 mm ndende, fiber, ikarito, nibindi). Ijoro ryose rizashobora guhisha igihe gito.
- Umusozi utizewe ugurumana fatizo, gukoresha imirongo igabanya ibikoresho bigufi.
- Gukoresha bidakwiye ibikoresho byamatapi, nko kurambika hejuru ya lag no kwinjiza firime ya polyethylene bibangamira guhumeka ubushuhe kuva mumiterere.
- Gusuka butose mu nzu ifite guhuzagurika cyangwa udafite inzego za hydraulic.
- Kurambika hanze kuri sima itari ishyanga-umucana. Niba gusanwa bigomba kurangira mugihe gito, urwego rwuzuye-rwumye rugomba gutoranywa - Vetonit 6000 (Verneniya), Expretit-Kurangiza (Ivsil), nibindi
Muri "Stlinky"
Mu nyubako zo mu mazu ya 1930. Ubwuzuzanye ni urumuri rwibiti (kuva mu kabari ka 150 × 200 cyangwa byinshi). Barks itondekanye umushinga w'igipamba (uhereye ku cyumba cyo hepfo, yahinduwe kuri Duranka), yashyizwe ku gahato kandi itwikiriwe mu mucanga cyangwa igicucu. Mu biti, kugabana lags, kurira, nightil mu kibaho gifite ubunini bwa mm 40, itanga ishingiro rya prequet. Mu myaka ya nyuma y'intambara, imipaka ya beto ishimangiwe mu gice gihwanye na t-shusho yakoreshejwe kenshi, kandi amasahani ya beto yoroheje yigaruriwe amasahani ava mu buruhukiro na backbet.
Iyo igorofa rishya riboneka munzu hamwe na beam ikosorwa, birakenewe gukora ikizamini kibanza. Uyu murimo ufite uburenganzira bwo gukora amashyirahamwe yubwubatsi afite uruhushya rwo kubungabunga umurage wumuco na / cyangwa icyemezo cyo kwemeza SRO. IKIBAZO CY'IBIKORWA, Ukeneye gufata umwanzuro aho kubara ubushobozi bwubukungu bwo gutondeka (cyangwa kubidashoboka)), imyanzuro, kandi yerekana kandi uburyo bwo kwiyubaka. Mu gihe kinini cy'imanza, wongeyeho ibiti bibujijwe; Byongeye kandi, kubaka inzira zijyanye no gukoresha umuriro ufunguye, kunyeganyega gukomeye no gukwirakwira hose birakenewe. Kurugero, suzuma kimwe mubishoboka bishoboka.
Guhindura amagorofa, kuvana umucanga, gukubita no gusiga. Noneho ikwirakwira hejuru yibiti bitaringaniza kugirango bihinduke buri kibero kuva impande eshatu. Birumvikana ko twumvikana gukoresha ibicuruzwa birambye kandi birambye bishingiye ku choloster yikirahure kandi bihindura bitumen ", happelist tpp", "hydstelist tpp", "hydstelozole tp", "). . Imigabane yitsinda riratangajwe na mastike cyangwa (kuri PVC) gusudira n'umwuka ushushe. Ibimenyetso bishyirwa mu masahani y'amabuye y'agaciro, nk'agatwa koroheje, "batiba" (Urutare) cyangwa "isover" ("Saint-Goben") Mm 80. Ibikoresho byubushuhe bufite amajwi bigomba gutwikirwa urwego rwumwuka-rubanda rwo hejuru, tyvek (dukore), "Omptima" ("tekiniki"), nibindi
Ibiti bishya birashobora gukorwa mu tubari ndubiza antingptic hamwe nigice cyambukiranya 50 × 70 mm nibindi byinshi; Ibicuruzwa bya aluminium bizatwara gahunda yubunini buhenze cyane (kuva 260 kuringaniza kuri 1 p. M), ariko bizemerera kongera gucika intege - hasi ntizashira igihe kugenda. Gutabarwa nintambwe itarenze mm 500, guhuza neza utambitse - uburebure bwa plastike bubiri bukwiriye iyi ntego.
Niba biteganijwe gukoresha laminate, parquet, parquet cyangwa ceramic tile nkimbaho yo hanze, hejuru ya lag ihaze ubwinshi bwa mm 16 uvuye kuri umwe, kandi iruta ibice bibiri bya Yamata. Mugihe kimwe, hagati yimpapuro, kimwe na perimetero, birakenewe kuva mu cyuho cy'indishyi cya MM 4-6.
Hasi munsi ya tapi cyangwa linoleum igomba gukorwa kuva kumwanya wubushyuhe bwa puzzle (igorofa yihuse hamwe nigereranya ryayo); Lags muri uru rubanza rwakunze kenshi - hamwe n'intambwe itarenze 400, no gukuraho perimetero y'icyumba (ibyapa byashyizwe mu kayira kegeranye na kole - Pva, latex, Polyurethane).
Ikibaho kinini gifite ubunini bwa mm 35 zirashobora gukosorwa kugirango bitazitanya, kuzigama cyane ku gikoresho.
Ifoto: Itsinda rya Brozex, Saint-Gobain Weber, Daüer, KNAUF
Guhuza hasi hamwe nigice gito cyikigo cyihuse gisaba ubuhanga. Kuma kuvanga guhuza byibanze bikwemerera kugera kuri beto yo hejuru ndetse no kubyutsa imfashanyigisho
Kugira ngo wirinde amakimbirane n'abaturanyi, birakenewe gushira mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'igorofa-gutunganya urwego
Gusana.
Mu nzu yaguzwe ku isoko amazu yisumbuye, munsi yubutaka burashobora kumenyekana na karuvati ya beto yakozwe mugihe cyo gusana. Akenshi, ubuziranenge bwayo bumara byinshi kugirango twifuzwe cyangwa hari ubukwe bwumvikana. Kuraho igishushanyo kinini biragoye kandi bihenze, cyane cyane niba bishimangirwa na gride. Ugomba gukosora inenge. Ibice biragurwa, hanyuma bisuka hamwe na polymeric cyangwa sima-polymers gusana. Ahantu hanini cyane, igishushanyo kigomba gushimangirwa na fargage inanga. Niba inkuta za beto ziba inyuma ya etage (zibaho zirimo zumye zitari zo), ibyobo biracumibose kandi byatewe no gusana kwa cavit. Kurenga neza hamwe nicyapa cyo hasi, nka Vetonit 4100 (Weber.vetonit) cyangwa "UNICONT" ("UNICE"), cyangwa funga urwego rworoheje ruvanze.
Ifoto: Saint-Gobain Weber
Kugirango ibikoresho byibanze bisekejwe, imvange, imvange ikwirakwizwa hejuru (a), kuzunguruka ku itegeko (b) na cooler (b). Byemerewe kwerekana insinga mu ntoki zo kurinda, kimwe na ibyuma na polymer na polymer.
Muri "khrushchevka"
Mu matafari, akanama no guhagarika inyubako z'amagorofa itanu yubatswe mu mpera za 1950 - igice cya mbere cya 1960, bikozwe mu majwi ya nyuma y'ibyatsi bishimangirwa, kandi imishinga y'amagorofa isanzwe ishimangirwa hamwe na sandy backfill. Ibice nyamukuru bya keke hasi bigabanijwe na rubbubroid cyangwa pergamine.Nyuma yo kumena urufatiro rwa kera, birashoboka kubika ibijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ibikoresho by'amatahiro, shyira ikibabi gishya no gusuka umwanya hagati yabo hamwe na kaburimbo myiza (kwisuhuza urusaku rwiyongera kuri 4-6 db). Ibisubizo byo gukuramo ni uko gutitira igomba guhuzwa na beto yimodoka, izacogora hejuru.
Indi (izwi cyane) yo kwiyubaka ni igikoresho cyikipe yumye yatekerejweho, kurugero, hashingiwe kuri sisitemu yuzuye ya sosiyete KNAF - OP 131 cyangwa OP 135, igizwe nisumba ryibumba hamwe na gypsusus ya fibre ( cyangwa ikozwe muri gvl yibintu byihariye), kimwe no kurambika no gushiraho ikimenyetso. Ubunini ntarengwa bwa screed ni mm 40. Igishushanyo nzi neza urusaku rwinshi (inyungu kubushobozi bwuzuye bwo gukosorwa bizaba byibuze 18 DB), bipima gato (kuva 15 kuri Rubles kuri 100 kuri 1 M2 Kwinjiza Konti). Byumye birashobora kubafatirwa nkibintu byinshi, ibitemewe ni akanama ganini hamwe na parquet.
Igice cyumye kidafite imbaraga nta mbaraga kito kuruta uko gitose, ariko kikagora kabiri, usibye, mugihe ari igikoresho, ibyago byo kumeneka ahantu hakurikira ni bike
Ihuriro ryoroshye
Hamwe no kutunganiza cyane, umubyimba usabwa wa screed urashobora kurenga mm 40. Muri iki gihe, gukoresha ibintu byoroshye. Igihe ihendutse ni beto ya ceramonzite, idagoye kwitegura ahantu hakoreshejwe amabara meza yamashanyarazi. Igiciro cya 1 m 2 ceramzite-beto yashushanyijeho ubunini bwa mm 50 ni amafaranga 500-700. Monolith kuva imvange yuzuye hamwe nuzuza urumuri (urugero, selile ifuro) izatwara inshuro 2-2.5 zihenze cyane.
Amasahure ya beto ni hafi yigihe kimwe nigice, ariko igisubizo kirabagora kwitegura ikintu, kuko ibice byihariye na / cyangwa ibikoresho bisabwa. Biroroshye gukoresha kuvanga byumye hamwe na Polystyrene Foam Crumb. Bene nkiyi yagereranijwe vuba kandi hafi ntigabanuka.
Ifoto: Saint-Gobain Weber
Guhuza burundu birakenewe vuba, kuko ingufu zibisubizo byamazi bitarengeje amasaha 2. Kubwibyo, birakenewe witegure witonze urwego rwakazi: kugirango umenye igitonyanga ntarengwa cyurwego (a) no gushiraho ingingo ya pulasitike Beacons (B). Igisubizo kirakwirakwiriye rwose hejuru (B), ariko bigomba "gufasha" gusiba kandi ukureho ibibyimba byo mu kirere hamwe numushishozi. Igice cyo Kurangiza kizuma kuva muminsi ibiri kugeza kuri irindwi
Mu myaka ya za 1970-90
Mu mazu yiyongereye (9-17), yubatswe kuva mu ntangiriro za 1970, yakusanyirijwe hejuru mu masahani ahiganwa ashingiye ku giti cye hamwe n'ubugari bwa mm 220. Beto yatunzwe arashobora kurenganywa, ariko akenshi umwubatsi ashizeho packer Packer hanyuma arombeye linoleum kugirango akemure hejuru, gusa hari ukuntu byoroshye gutandukanya itandukaniro ryurwego.
Mu nyubako nyinshi ziseke zimeze neza, bityo ibemerera gutegura karuvati itose. Ariko imigabane yisahani ntabwo ifunze na gato, usibye, beto yerekana urusaku rwibutse rwose, ni ngombwa gushyira mu rusaku rwinshi mu bikoresho bifatika bikoresho bifatika. "Shumnet-100 hydro "Kandi ibisasu byabo birakwiriye.
Niba umubare ntarengwa wo gutsemba ufite mm 20 (ni ukuvuga umubyimba usabwa wurwego ruringaniye ni mm 40 cyangwa munsi yayo, urwego rufatiro rushobora gukorwa muri sima-umusenyi tudashimangiye. Mu byumba bitose, ntibizabuza kongeramo hydrophobic, urugero CC 92 (chatsit) cyangwa ("sapi").
Hamwe n'ubunini bwabazwe na screed mm irenze 40, vuka (vuga, ubucucike bwa clamzite, ubucucike bwa buri 1,5-1.7-1.7 munsi yumucanga-no gushimangira imihanda.
Hamwe no gutonesha vuba aha, yitwa Strish Screeds yakozwe mu gisubizo cya sima yakozwe na sima-umucanga hamwe no gushimangira imikoreshereze ya fibre ya Polypropylene. Bahita bakomera kandi biragoye cyane guhuza imvange nini kandi iragoye, bityo ugomba gushyira hejuru cyane (kugeza kuri mm kugeza kuri 20) igice cyimirire yubukungu, nka vetonit 5000 (Veterit.vetonit ) cyangwa cn 68 (charesit), cyangwa gusya hejuru hamwe nimashini idasanzwe.
Ifoto: "DNT"
Mugihe ushyiraho lags, birakenewe kugirango uhuze neza. Kubwiyi ntego, ubwoko bwashyizeho umugozi bukoreshwa, kimwe no guhinduka - plastiki
Ifoto: "DNT"
Inkunga Yizewe
Ifoto: "DNT"
Amavuta menshi agezweho ashyirwa ku rufatiro rukomeye rutagoye gukora hamwe n'ubufasha bwa plywood
Ifoto: "DNT"
Urupapuro
Ifoto: Igorofa yihuse
Aho kuba Plywood, Ubushuhe-Bripboant Chipboant Ubugari muri mm 16 - KASHNDER
Ifoto: Igorofa yihuse
Kunyeganyega kw'impapuro ndende z'isahani, ndetse ihabwa ibihano kandi kose, bigomba kuba ku nkunga (lag)
Ifoto: Igorofa yihuse
Chipboard nta gutwika
Ifoto: KNAUF.
Iyo ushizemo imirongo yumye, KNAUF ikwirakwizwa bwa mbere kuri firime ya polymer ashyirwaho kurukuta rwa kaseti, ihagarika kohereza urusaku rwububiko bwurukuta rwurukuta rwinkuta hamwe na sice
Ifoto: KNAUF.
Ifoto: KNAUF.
Nyuma yibyo, kaburimbo ya kalibrated irasinziriye
Ifoto: KNAUF.
Imirongo ya kaburimbo ifite intara no gutegeka kuramba hamwe nurwego rwa bubble
Ifoto: KNAUF.
Hejuru yinyuma, ishingiro rikomeye riva muburyo buto ya KNAUD cyangwa ibintu byihariye byo hasi byashyizwe
Ifoto: KNAUF.
Urwenya rutanga umusaruro na mastike kandi rwahagaritse ibigize KNAUF-SUP
Ifoto: "Ijwi Rwiza"
Byaba byiza, mugihe ushyira lag, gukomera hamwe na reberi "umusego" bigomba gukoreshwa, bikabuza ikwirakwizwa ryinyeganyega, kandi hagomba kubaho ibintu bikurura urusaku hagati ya lags
Ifoto: "Ijwi Rwiza"
Ifoto: "Ijwi Rwiza"
Ifoto: "Maffort"
Amabuye y'agaciro yonyine
Ifoto: "Umugozi"
Panel nyinshi
Ifoto: Texa.
Kuzunguruka
Ifoto: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Itangazamakuru
Parquet igura ihenze cyane cyane kubera igihe cyo kuzimya igihe. Buri gutaka agomba gufatwa na plywood
Ifoto: "Inzu ya Parquet"
Ifoto: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Itangazamakuru
Nibyiza gukoresha imiti ya Madamu Polymer ishingiye. Noneho ubuso buhinduka kabiri
Ifoto: Itangazamakuru rya Legio
Imyenda yo hejuru ifite amavuta yihariye
Ifoto: Kährs.
Base yoroshye kandi iramba - Imiterere nyamukuru yo kugaragara neza nubuzima burebure bwubuzima bwo gupfukirana hasi
| Ubwoko bwa Fondasiyo | Ikipe y'ibiti (gutinda + plywood cyangwa chipboard) | Icyegeranyo cyo gutemba (ibumba + glay + gvlv cyangwa csp) | Itose |
| Ubuso | Muremure, mubisanzwe inshuro zirenga 20 mpa | Hasi, munsi ya 20 mpa | Hagati cyangwa hejuru, ariko gusa hamwe no gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo guhuza |
| Ijwi | Ishimishije (yagabanijwe urusaku rwinshi kurenza 10 db) mugihe ukoresha kunyeganyega-gufunga impinduro no gutondekanya hagati yintoki zumvikana | Byiza (birenga 15 db) nubwo bifite ubunini buke bwa mm 40 | Birashimishije cyangwa byiza mugihe ukoresheje vibration-ikosora inyandiko |
| Ubushyuhe | Birashimishije mugihe wuzuza umwanya hagati ya Basalt Congs | Birashimishije (hamwe nubunini bwa mm 50-60) cyangwa byiza (birenze mm 80) | Bibi |
| Kwihanganira ubuhehere | Hasi. Ntabwo byemewe gukoreshwa mubyumba bitose. NK'UKOMEYE, NYUMA "Umwuzure" ugomba guhindura ishingiro | Hasi. Ntishobora gukoreshwa mubyumba bitose | Hejuru |
| Ubuzima bwa serivisi | 15-25 | 20-30 | Hejuru ya 50. |
| Igiciro (harimo gukora akazi), rub. / M2 | Kuva ku ya 1800. | Kuva 650. | Kuva 1100. |