Kuzamura ingabo yo mu gihugu, usibye gusimbuza metero, harimo no kuvugurura kwikoreraza. Ibikoresho byatoranijwe neza bizafasha kurinda urugo rwawe ntabwo ari umuzunguruko mugufi gusa, ahubwo no mumuriro, guhungabanya inkuba nibindi bibazo.
Ifoto: Itangazamakuru rya Legio
Mu myaka yashize, impinga zo mu rugo zarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi, umutwaro kuri bo wiyongereye inshuro nyinshi. IBISABWA N'IBIKORWA BIBIREMURE BYAKUNDUWE - KUNYURANYA "INGINGO ZIKURIKIRA. Kubisimbuza, baza kurushaho aborozi bagezweho kandi yuzuye modular bashyizwe kuri dil gari ya moco.
Ifoto: ABB.
Niba umuyoboro udafite RCD, urashobora gushyiramo itandukaniro ryihariye hamwe no kurimbura byikora, man. Amasanduku nkaya yashyizwe mubwiherero n'ahandi hantu bisaba ingamba zumutekano. Iyo RCO itemye, gusa ikibazo kizazimya
Urwego rwa mbere rwo kurinda - Abamena umuzunguruko
Ibikoresho byurwego rwa mbere rwo kurinda - Abamenagura umuzunguruko - cyane cyane bakira inshinge za buri gihembwe hamwe namashanyarazi kuva ingaruka zangiza ziterwa nimbaraga nini zituruka kumuzunguruko mugufi. Kubwibyo, birakenewe guhitamo igikoresho bitewe nigice cyambukiranya insinga nuburyo bwa gasket yacyo.
Mubuzima bwa buri munsi, guhinduranya ibyateganijwe kuva kuri 6 kugeza kuri 32 a ikoreshwa; Iki cyerekezo cyanze bikunze cyerekanwe kubicuruzwa. Birashobora gutuma byoroshye ko Automata ya 6 na 10 a ikoreshwa muburyo bworoshye hamwe numutwaro muto (munsi ya 1 ku muyoboro umwe wa 220 v). Imashini 16 A yashizwe mu nzu kenshi. Kubikoresho bikomeye cyane (kurugero, umushyitsi wamazi atemba), Autotata 32 a cyangwa byinshi birakenewe.
Ifoto: Obi.
Ibikoresho byo kurinda byashizwe kuri mari ya mom ukeneye gukora neza. Agasanduku k'uburyo bidasanzwe bizafasha kunoza umutekano no kubaha isura nziza.
Bigenda bite kuri switch mugihe umutwaro kumurongo uza ahantu hashobora guteza akaga? Uwingi utangira gushyuha. Igikoresho kirimo ubushyuhe hamwe nisahani ya bimettic. Iyo ubushyuhe bumwe bugerwaho, bigira ingaruka kumikorere yo guhagarika umutima bigabanya umubano. Niba umutwaro urenze gato nominal, imashini irazimye vuba. Ariko iyo umutwaro wikubye kabiri, guhagarika bizakurikira mumasegonda make.
Ifoto: Itangazamakuru rya Legoin-Media
Kugirango uhagarike umuyoboro mugihe cyumuzunguruko mugufi, irindi ndege rikoreshwa - electromagnetic. Izimya ikigezweho hafi - kuri milisegonda. Kuri iyi ngingo, ikinyamakuru kigufi cyumuzunguruko kirakomeje binyuze muri mashini - mubihumbi bya amps. Icyitegererezo cyurugo cya Automata gisanzwe cyateguwe kumuzunguruko ngufi uriho kurubu rwa 4500 cyangwa 6000 A. Niba ari hejuru, irekurwa ntirishobora kumena urunigi.
Mugihe uhitamo switch, usibye ikigezweho, witondere ubwoko bwayo. Irerekanwa ninyuguti za latin b, c (nta bundi bwoko bwibikoresho mubuzima bwa buri munsi) kandi bisobanura umutwaro ntarengwa imashini ishobora kwihanganira nta kurekurwa electonagnetic. Andika ibikoresho bya B bibitswe mbere yo guhagarika urunigi 3 ... 5 cyumukacyo wizina, n'ubwoko bwa c - 6 ... amadini 6. Imashini Ubwoko C ikoreshwa mugihe hari amashanyarazi akomeye ashoboye gukora inyongera (yiswe reactive) umutwaro) yo gutangira.
Ntugomba kugerageza guhuza socket zose nibikoresho binyuze kumurongo umwe. Irarifuzwa ko kuri buri tsinda ryibikoresho imashini yayo itangwa.
Ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi kirimo gute?
Abakoresha benshi ntibitondera kuba babuze abo bavunagura imizucucuri, nimwe mu makosa asanzwe mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Buri gihe "gukuramo umuhanda wimodoka"?Birashoboka, bafite intege nke, ntibahanganye n'umutwaro.
Umwanzuro nkuyu ugira nyirurugo ukajya mububiko kugirango witoze cyane - bitarenze 20 A. Wibuke kuri 32 A. Wibuke: Ntibishoboka gusimbuza Automatiya utabanje kugisha inama mumashanyarazi! Kandi uko ukwiye kwirengagiza guhagarika. Nk'itegeko, basinya ko igice runaka cy'izuba ryangiritse cyangwa ntigihangana n'umutwaro. Niba usimbuza imashini ikomeye cyane, hanyuma insinga yangiritse izashyushya kandi isenyuka nayo yihuta.
Nigute wakubuza kumeneka?
Abamena umuzungutsi ni uburinzi bwibanze ku muzunguruko mugufi hamwe no kurenza urugero.
Kubwamahirwe, amashanyarazi arashobora gukora izindi nzigosha kugirango wirinde ibindi bikoresho.
Kurinda. Urwego rwo mu rwego rwa kabiri - Igikoresho cyo guhagarika kikirinda (Uzo) - cyagaragaye muri 70. Xx Kandi kuva icyo gihe ikoreshwa kwisi yose. Kugena itandukaniro mu mbaraga z'umugezi muyobora munsi ya voltage na zeru, RCD irashobora kumenya ikigezweho kiva mu nzira (kutabogama). Niba ibishishwa byubu (ibitandukanye) bigera ku gaciro runaka, RCD iraterengo kandi ifungura urunigi. Igihe cyo gusubiza kigomba kuba gito (ibyinshi mubikoresho ni milisegonda nyinshi). Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo uzo kubaguzi nubunini bwa sekwage buringaniye (bwerekanwe kuri uru rubanza).
Icyitegererezo Cyane Cyane Cyane Cyane Kuri Kuri buri mwaka. Ugushingira nkiyi arashobora gusaba gushyirwaho mubyumba bitose (ubwiherero, Sauna) cyangwa, kurugero, muri pepiniyeri. Nyamara, igikoresho cyunvikana cyane kirashobora kubyitwaramo no guhuza uburyo buhagije (2-3 kw). Kubwibyo, ahantu hose, byafashwe kwisi yose kugirango ukoreshe Uzo, bikaba byatewe no kumeneka kuri 30 ma. Ingaruka zayo zirasakuza rwose, ariko zifatwa nkumutekano kumuntu mwiza mubihe bisanzwe (mubushyuhe bwicyumba no guhera hasi). Ariko ubu biragufasha guhuza tekinike ikomeye kumuyoboro.
Ifoto: B. Ozel / Burda Itangazamakuru
Kwishyiriraho kuri gari ya mon ntizagorana. Ibikoresho birakosorwa ukoresheje Clamp. Gusenya isoko, birakenewe gutinda (a). Gushimangira terminal. Kuri Uzo na Uzip, polariire yihuza ni ngombwa, ntibishoboka kwitiranya icyiciro, kutabogama no gutandukana (B)
Nigute wakoresha Uzo?
Igikoresho cyo gukuramo kikirinda gikeneye kugenzura buri gihe. Icyanyuma, ariko, ntizigorana - rimwe mu kwezi birakenewe kugirango ukande buto iherereye kumubiri wa UZO. Igikoresho gikora kizazimya hanyuma uzimye voltage.
Kurinda umuriro. Ibikoresho byurwego rwa gatatu rwo kurinda - Kwirinda umuriro utandukanye. Mubyukuri, ni kimwe uzo, ariko hamwe na trigger yo hejuru (amagana ya miliamper). Guhinduka nkibi byashizweho kugirango birinde ingaruka mbi zangiza ibyangiritse byihishe.
Kurugero, umugambi umwe washenywe, amakimbirane yakubiswe yagabanutse kuri termit ya sock (agomba kuba yarakandamijwe, ariko bituma abantu bake), ahantu nyaburanga, ahantu wangiritse utangira gushyuha . Gushyushya birashobora gukomera bihagije kandi amaherezo biganisha kumusakome numuriro. Amazi meza atandukanye yitwara kumeneka. Ibi bikoresho birashobora gusabwa kubafite amazu ashaje bafite insinga yumuyaga.
Inzego eshatu zambere zerekana kongera ibibazo bijyanye nibintu byimbere. Inzego ebyiri zikurikira - kurinda ingaruka mbi zo hanze.
Ifoto: Amashanyarazi ya Schneider
Amazu yacu afite ibikoresho byinshi byunvikana bikenera kubarinda kwizewe kubusa kwangirika no gusohoka kwangirika no kugaragara ko ari voltage.
Kurinda voltage birenze. Niba aho kuba 220 v umuyoboro mu buryo butunguranye watanze 250-280 v, noneho ibikoresho byo murugo birashobora kunanirwa. Abakora benshi, bazi ibintu bidashimishije imiyoboro idashimishije yo murugo, tanga ibikoresho byabo byubatswe, ariko ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya kane - Gutandukanya Bitandukanye (RCO hamwe no kurengera neza ibikoresho byose byo murugo.
Uzip igomba gushyirwaho mu nyubako zose zifite inkuba, kimwe no mu mazu ifite imirongo y'amashanyarazi iherereye ahantu hose hari inkuba (amasaha arenga 20 ku mwaka).
Kurinda hejuru yinkazi. Ibikoresho bikwiye byurwego rwa gatanu (abitwa ultrasound) kurinda grid yimbere mu ngaruka (volt-volt cyane (gahunda ya microseconds) ya voltage gusimbuka kuri tekinike ya electron yoroshye.
Amahitamo yo guhitamo kumena umuzunguruko ukurikije ubwoko bwibikoresho byamashanyarazi na kamere yumutwaro
| Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi (igikoresho) | imbaraga, KWT | Uruhare rw'umuzunguruko wo kumena umuzunguruko, kandi | Ubwoko bwo guhagarika |
|---|---|---|---|
| Firigo | 0.3 ... 0,5 | 6. | Kuva |
| Gushyushya amazi ubwoko | Bane | makumyabiri | In |
| Gushyushya amazi | 6. | 32. | In |
| Igikoni Igikoni (Isake yaka, Toaster, Bakery) | 2. | 10 | In |
| Ikonjesha | 3.5 | makumyabiri | Kuva |
| Washer | 2.5 | cumi na gatandatu | Kuva |
| Amashyiga y'amashanyarazi | bitanu | 25. | In |
Ibikoresho bya buri rwego rwo kurinda gukemura imirimo yabo kandi nanini, ntibihuza nibikoresho byizindi ntambwe. Ariko, bamwe muribo barashobora gukora imirimo yinzego nyinshi zo kurinda. Kurugero, haribyitwa bitandukanye, ni ihuriro ryabavunagura umuzunguruko hamwe nabamenagura andi masoko, ni ukuvuga ibikoresho byinzego za mbere nuwa kabiri. Basabwa gukoresha, byumwihariko, bafite ibyago byiyongera ko kuzenguruka hasi kwisi. Kurugero, ibice byo hanze byingenzi (ganini hamwe nibikoresho byo gucana) bifite ibikoresho bya diphafts.
Ibikoresho byose bigomba guhuzwa muburyo bukomeye, hakurikijwe ibyifuzo byabakora nibisabwa kugirango "inkinzo zigabanijwe r 51628-2" ryinyubako zo gukwirakwiza ". Gahunda yo Guhuza irashobora kuba igoye, nuko akazi gaha amato y'amato y'amatokire yujuje ibyangombwa.
Imashini zose zo kurekura zigezweho ni ibikoresho bigoye, mugihe uhuza polarite, iyo uhuza polarity, zinjiza hamwe nibisohoka bigomba kuba ukuri, kandi ntibitungurana, mukimbwe no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogama no kutabogamiye. Kubwamahirwe, Udo nibindi bikoresho bikunze guhuzwa nabi. Mu bihe nk'ibi, UDO ntazakora kandi, birashoboka cyane. Hamwe no guhuza bikwiye, ibikoresho byose mubisanzwe bikorera "kuvanwanwa gusana".
Gusenyuka mubisanzwe bibaho kubera impamvu zose zituruka. Kurugero, bigufi cyane-byuzutse mugihe imibonano idahwitse, itera urumuri rukomeye, rusa na ARC ya ARC. Muri rusange, buri ruhande rwa mashini igabanya gato ibikoresho byayo. Kubwibyo, ntugomba gukoresha ibikoresho byo kurinda nkumunyaruso. Kubwubuyobozi bwimbaraga, nibyiza gushiraho ibintu bidasanzwe. Niba nta chipboard nkiyi, noneho uhagarika umutwaro wose wo murusobe mbere yo guhagarika, uzimye tekinike no kumurika.
Imwe mu migani isanzwe - Uzo ntabwo ikora mumurongo ibiri (nta butaka). Mubyukuri, niba nta butaka, ntabwo byoroshye gushiraho RCD, ariko ukeneye! Niba, reka tuvuge ko mumashini imesa, ikintu cyangiritse nta muzungugufi (kumubiri 220 v), ibikorwa byayo bitagira akaga.
Sergey Akinfeev
Byoroshye Ushinzwe gutangiza, Schneider Amashanyarazi
Icyiciro cyicyiciro bitatu-module Automatic ds203nc itandukaniro ryubu (abb). Sentide Nominal: 30 MA, 300 MA
Uzip Byoroshye9 (Schneider Amashanyarazi), inkingi eshatu + zitagira aho zibogamiye
Udo Vd1-63 (IEK), amafaranga 707.
Kwikorera (IEK), 126.
Hager Low switch (ikoreshwa, kurugero, kugirango wohereze sisitemu kuva murusobe kuri generator), ubungubu kugeza kuri 40, 1500.
Byoroshye9 Rattot (Schneider School), 30 MA
Kurwanya Gufungura muburyo bwikora cyangwa intoki (Hager)
Impinduka zikora: START9 Urukurikirane (Schneider Amashanyarazi)
Na 6 a (IEK), amafaranga 71.