Umuhengeri wese azi neza ko ibyumba bimwe bigoye kugurisha. Mubikorwa bitera ikibazo - kugura no kugurisha amazu, umwe muri bo ni umwana. Reba ibihe biranga ibikorwa hamwe numutungo utimukanwa
Umuhengeri wese azi neza ko ibyumba bimwe bigoye kugurisha. Mubikorwa bitera ikibazo - kugura no kugurisha amazu, umwe muri bo ni umwana. Reba ibihe biranga ibikorwa hamwe numutungo utimukanwa
Niba umwana atari nyiri inzu, ahubwo yanditswe muriyo gusa, ntabwo ari ngombwa kugirango tubone uruhushya rwo kubara. Ariko iyo hagaragaye ko umwana muto yambuwe kwita kubabyeyi haba mugihe cyo guhangana n'uburenganzira bwe, amasezerano yo kugurisha ashobora gutorwa imyaka 3
Uburenganzira bw'abana
Kwemera inzego z'umurinzi n'umubiri birakenewe mu mbaraga biganisha ku kugabanuka mu mugabane w'imitungo itimukanwa, nyir'igice cyonyine cyangwa nyir'igice cyacyo gito. Harimo:- Kugura no kugurisha;
- Impano;
- Umutungo wisumbuye;
- Gutanga cyangwa gukodesha, gukoresha kubuntu;
- Guhana;
- Kwanga kugura neza umugabane;
- Igabana ry'umutungo;
- Kwanga umurage;
- Gutandukana umugabane wumutungo muto.
Ukurikije amategeko y'Uburusiya, imyaka 18 iraza. Abahiga bakoresha uburenganzira bwayo bwuzuye, ntiwigenga rwose mugihe urangiye ibikorwa byose (birumvikana ko ibi bidakoreshwa kuri abo bantu bafite ubushobozi bwemewe bwo mu mutwe (indwara yo mu mutwe).
Umwihati "Nightmare" ni abana bato, ni ukuvuga abana bari munsi yimyaka 18. Bato bato (munsi yimyaka 14) bafite uburenganzira bwo gucunga amafaranga yabo, kora ibikorwa bito byo murugo. Ibindi bikorwa byingenzi byemewe n'amategeko bikora abahagarariye amategeko yumwana (ababyeyi, ababyeyi barera, abarezi - kubana bari munsi ya 14). Hatariho Visa uhagarariye byemewe mu bucuruzi, yakoze umwana, uhereye ku cyemewe n'amategeko.
Abana bakuru (bafite imyaka 14-18) bishimira umudendezo mwinshi: barashobora guta amafaranga yinjiza (urugero, bourse), kwishyura banki, ndetse no gukora ubushishozi bwayo, ndetse no gusohoza abayobozi ba Igikorwa cya siyansi, ubuvanganzo cyangwa ubuhanzi, ibintu cyangwa birinzwe ukundi n'amategeko yuburyo bwubwenge. Byongeye kandi, abana bato bafite imyaka 14 nayirenga bafite uburenganzira bwo gusinya mu nyandiko, binjira mu masezerano (ariko, uburenganzira bwanditse bw'ababyeyi cyangwa abategetsi bagomba kuboneka kuri nyuma).
Hariho ibitagendanwa: Abana benshi barashobora gusohoza uburenganzira bwabo bwuzuye mu myaka igera kuri 18, niba inzego zo mu kurera (rimwe na rimwe - Urukiko) bahisemo kwibohora kwabo (kumenyekana ko bashoboye kugera kuri benshi). Ibi birashobora kubaho mugihe umwana afite imyaka 16 na bakuze ayobowe nakazi, cyangwa hamwe nukwemera ababyeyi (ababyeyi) bakoranye kwihangira imirimo, cyangwa bashakanye. Icyemezo gifatwa n'abayobozi bashinzwe umutekano. Ariko, hariho imiterere ifatika: ababyeyi (cyangwa abahagarariye amategeko) bagomba kubyemera, bitabaye ibyo kumenya umwana akomoka mu rukiko.
Niba abayobozi babakemu bafashe icyemezo cyiza cyo kwibora, hakira ubushobozi bwuzuye, ni ukuvuga uburenganzira bwo kwigenga gukora ibikorwa byose (kandi rwose, subiza inshingano zayo). Muri uru rubanza, uruhushya rwo gusoza ibikorwa bitimukanwa ntibizasabwa, kandi ababyeyi ntibazashobora guhindura uburyo umwana azacunga umutungo we.
Kugirango tubemererwe na Komisiyo ifite amazu, kuboneka kwa Data na nyina mu ishami rishinzwe kurera birakenewe. Nubwo gushyingiranwa byahagaritswe cyangwa umwe mubabyeyi biyandikishije kurindi aderesi, byombi bigomba kwandika itangazo
Gutegura Inyandiko
- Itangazo ry'ababyeyi ku bubasha n'ubuyobozi bushinzwe kurinda kugira ngo twemere ibikorwa (niba nta babyeyi, ni ngombwa gutanga inyandiko yemeza ibi, nk'icyemezo cy'urupfu, icyemezo cy'urukiko ku burenganzira bw'ababyeyi cyangwa Kumenya umubyeyi wabuze);
- Icyifuzo cyo kwemeza kugirango gisoze gucuruza umwana muto uyitabira muri yo afite imyaka 14 nayirenga;
- Inyemezabwishyu za banyiri abantu bose bakuru bitabiriye ibikorwa, ko bemera kugira uruhare mumwana mubikorwa bitimukanwa;
- Icyemezo (Icyemezo) Ku ivuka ryumwana (abana) cyangwa pasiporo (abamaze kuba bafite imyaka 14);
- Inyandiko zemeza ko ibyo byose byo guturamo byitabira ibikorwa (icyemezo cya nyirubwite, amasezerano yo guhana, kugura no kugurisha no kugurisha, kwemezwa umurage amategeko);
- Impamyabumenyi ya BTI yerekeye ikiguzi cyo guturamo yitabira ibikorwa (icyemezo gitandukanye kuri buri kintu);
- Gahunda isobanutse na hasi (niba ugura inzu, - gahunda ya cadastral) yibintu byose;
- Amagambo nyayo yo mu bitabo byo munzu yerekeye ibihugu byose byo gutura bigize mubikorwa;
- Amagambo yerekeye imiterere yubukungu na buri muntu kubibanza byose byo gutura bigize mubikorwa;
. .
Niba nyirubwite ariwo ari nyirayo, ariko yiyandikishije kuri aderesi, ni ngombwa gutanga ukuyemo igitabo cyacyo aho kwiyandikisha, kimwe ninyandiko zemeza ko gucuruza hamwe ningirakamaro kumwana. Imwe mu nyandiko z'ingenzi ni itangazo ry'ababyeyi, ryanduzwa mu buryo butaziguye ku bayobozi bashinzwe kurera. Ibyavuzwe haruguru ni urugero rwibisabwa. Tekereza: Saba abashinzwe kurera no kurinda abayobozi gusa imbere yibitabo byuzuye. Ni ngombwa cyane kutabura igihe ntarengwa: gusaba (kimwe nizindi nyandiko zubuyobozi) zifite agaciro ukwezi 1. Muri icyo gihe, imikono yashyizwe imbere yabahagarariye inzego zishinzwe kurera. AISHCHE ni ingingo imwe y'ingenzi: mu buryo bw'ingenzi, igihe ntarengwa cyo gutanga inyandiko gishobora kongerwa, ariko impamvu zitera gutinda zigomba kubahiriza. Ktakov ntabwo ikubiyemo igihe ntarengwa cyigihe cyatanzwe kugirango gisuzume ibyangombwa cyangwa igihe cyo kubitsa inzu, hamwe namasezerano yose yo munwa cyangwa yanditse hagati yababuranyi.
Urutonde rwinyandiko ntabwo rwagutse, ariko rimwe na rimwe abahanga mu nkingi z'abashinzwe umutekano barashobora kugabanya. Nk'uko byatangajwe n'abaturage, ijambo ryo gusoza kugura no kugurisha hamwe n'inzu, ifite nyirayo cyangwa nyirayo, yiyongera ku byumweru 2 (iki gihe cy'abayobozi bashinzwe umutekano kugira ngo bamenye ibyatanzwe).
Ba nyiri inzu abana biyandikishije, bagomba kuba bari mu gusoza ibikorwa muri Noteri - Ntibashobora kohereza uhagarariye amategeko
Amazu ari umuhanga
Muguhitamo kwemeranya numutungo utimukanwa cyangwa kwanga, abakozi b'umubiri w'abarinzi n'inzego z'abashinzwe umutekano bayoborwa na Tegeka "Birashoboka neza, ntibishoboka." Ibi bivuze ko ibipimo byimiturire bishya bya jonanole ntibigomba kuba bibi kuruta iyambere. Ariko, ugomba kumenya ko amahitamo abiri yo gusobanura aya mategeko arashoboka: abanyamategeko asobanura neza) kandi arenze urugero (isuzuma ritangwa neza (isuzuma ritangwa gusa (atari ahantu gusa, ahubwo Ahantu, kuboneka kw'itumanaho shingiro, icyumba gitandukanye ku mwana, urwego rw'iterambere ry'ibikorwa remezo).Imanza zikabije, inzobere zinzego z'umutekano zikoresha uburyo bw'imibare, ukurikije ko bitewe no gucuruza, agaciro k'umutungo w'umwana ntigomba kugabanuka. Ibi bivuze ko umwana muto azaba afite indi nzu cyangwa igiti mu nzu, ahwanye na imwe yagurishijwe mu mazu ye yo kugurisha.
Mugihe ukoresheje verisiyo yujuje ubuziranenge yo gusuzuma ibikorwa, ibipimo byinshi bisuzumye kuruta agace k'icyumba, kubitsa nyirabiri. Kubwibyo, niba ababyeyi bashaka guhindura inzu yumujyi ku nzu yagutse mu mudugudu, bagomba kumvisha abayobozi babaga ko abana bazarebera hamwe n'urwego rumwe rwo guhumuriza cyari mu mujyi.
Suzuma ingero nyinshi zo guhuza imiturire.
Amagorofa abiri yicyumba ahinduka mucyumba kimwe. Ibintu biragoye: Biragaragara ko bidashoboka gushyiraho ivunjisha rine, nubwo umubare wa metero kare kuri buri mwana uzaba mwinshi munzu imwe kuruta mumazu ashaje. Icyemezo ni: Ntoya iba nyir'inzu nshya (mu masezerano yo kugurisha, umwana azashyirwa ku rutonde nkabaguzi bonyine). Ubundi: Umwana yakira indishyi muburyo bwo gusangira indi nzu (urugero, kuri nyirakuru na nyirakuru) cyangwa muburyo bwo kubitsa amafaranga mugihe gito cyagurishijwe. Umusanzu muri banki ugomba gufungurwa mwizina ryumwana, ariko azashobora kuyikoresha, agera kumyaka 18 gusa.
Duhindura umujyi wuzuye ivumbi kumudugudu. Kuva mu nzu buri wese mu bana afite, umuryango wimukiye mu nzu y'igihugu. Ishuri ryegereye riherereye mu midugudu ituranye. Abashinzwe umutekano ndetse n'uburinganire barashobora kugirana amasezerano yo gukora ibikorwa. Impamvu ni kure yishuri cyangwa ibyangiritse bishoboka muburyo bwiza bwuburezi. Ariko, hariho inzira yo kuva muribi bihe: Suzuma ireme ry'uburezi bizafasha, urugero, amakuru y'ibarurishamibare ku mubare w'agateganyo n'abarangije amashuri bahawe muri za kaminuza, kimwe n'umubare w'abarimu - abarimu ba premium zitandukanye Muri ikipe ya Pedagogi yo mu kigo cy'uburezi. Niba uteganya kwigisha umwana murugo, tekereza: Abakozi b'umubiri w'abarinzi bafite ubudahangaro bukabije, bizera ko umwana agomba gusabana muri iyi ikipe (niba imyigaragambyo itatewe n'uburaya bw'ubuvuzi).
Hafi guhanahana . Uru rubanza rwafashwe ko uburenganzira buke butarimo. Ariko, ndetse n'amasengesho angana, inzu irashobora kugira igenamigambi ridakwiriye rwose, kandi hamwe n'ahantu hamwe - umwanya unyuranye n'ingingo zitandukanye. Igisubizo cyiza ni ugufata umwana mwiza.
Kugura amazu mu nguzanyo yinguzanyo (inzu yo kurigatanda). Kugirango ubone inzira yo kuva mubihe bitabanje gutsinda, ugomba kwemeranya kubitsa munzu aho umwana yandikwa, hamwe nubuyobozi bushinzwe umutekano. Byongeye kandi, iyo ushushanyije amasezerano, noteri azohereza icyifuzo, yaba abitsa bwemeranijwe. Byongeye kandi, amakuru yinyongera kumasezerano arashobora gusabwa, azemerera inzobere zinzego zishinzwe kurera byimazeyo uko ibintu bimeze (niba inguzanyo izishyurwa, niba umwana azaguma nta gisenge hejuru yumutwe) kandi azihute icyemezo.
Abaguzi n'abagurisha
Abamenyereye abafite uburambe bagira inama abaguzi kumenya ninde uhagarariye amategeko muke kandi ninde utanga uburenganzira. Ihitamo ryiza ni umwana ubana nababyeyi be, umuryango wateye imbere. Muri iki gihe ntampamvu yo gushakisha abahagarariye amategeko.
Ariko birashoboka ko ugomba guhura nikibazo iyo se na / cyangwa nyina wumwana wa nyirubwite afite uburenganzira bwo kubabyeyi, yamaganwe kubera gufungwa, ahantu habo ntazwi cyangwa barapfuye. Kubireba inyungu zumwana nubuyobozi bushinzwe kurera.
Aprit igomba gutekerezwa uburyo bwo kumvisha umuguzi gutegereza kugeza igihe cyo gucuruza hamwe no kubara birahuzwa. Bikwiye kwibukwa ko kuba inyangamugayo ari politiki nziza. Umuguzi agomba guhita aburira ko igihe cyo gukora gifite imitungo itimukanwa kiziyongera gato. Ugomba gukusanya ibyangombwa mbere - ibi bizafasha kugabanya igihe cyo kwitegura gucuruza. Inyongera: Wibuke ko abategetsi baba kurera bakurikijwe gusa kubahiriza uburenganzira bw'abana, ariko ntibagenzure isuku yo gucuruza no gukosorwa kw'inyandiko.