Muri Mutarama 2012, mu mahugurwa, abitabiriye amahugurwa baganiriye ku kubaka amazu kuva mu biti by'ibiti by'ibiti bisanzwe kandi bakagira ibiti, ndetse no ku ntera, ndetse n'urwego rw'abantu bakomoka muri TVD " Expostroita kuri salle yinama ya Nakhimovsky ".
Muri Mutarama 2012, mu mahugurwa, abitabiriye amahugurwa baganiriye ku kubaka amazu kuva mu biti by'ibiti by'ibiti bisanzwe kandi bakagira ibiti, ndetse no ku ntera, ndetse n'urwego rw'abantu bakomoka muri TVD " Expostroita kuri salle yinama ya Nakhimovsky ".
Impuguke zacu
Umuyobozi Inama Ubufatanye "Ishyirahamwe Ibiti Inyubako yo mu nzu " | 
DYACHENKO umwungirije Rusange Abayobozi Amasosiyete "ABS-Stroy" | 
Umutwe "NLK Inyubako yo mu nzu " (Itsinda rya sosiyete "Umushoramari")) | 
Tsygamenko, Perezida NP. "Ishyirahamwe rya Domo- Kubaka Sip Technologies » |
Igice 1. Urufatiro rwinzu yimbaho
Oleg Pasutkov, Umuyobozi w'Inama y'Ubufatanye "Ishyirahamwe ry'inyubako y'inzu y'imbaho"
Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa Fondasiyo busabwa amazu y'imbaho?
Inzego z'igiti biroroshye cyane kuruta amabuye yabo ". Rero, ubwinshi bwamatafari yo munzu yubutagatifu ni toni 80-100, kandi agasanduku k'ibiti cyangwa akabari ni toni 25-30 gusa. Inyubako zoroshye ni igiti kigera kuri 1.5. Biterwa n'amazu mato y'inzu y'imbaho kuri bo, birashoboka gukoresha ubuzima bworoheje, bityo, ubwoko buhenze buhebuje, imbaho ntoya, ikirundo n'inkubi y'umuyaga, inkweto za monolithic . Nibyo, guhitamo kimwe cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwubwoko bwafatiri akenshi bibaho hashingiwe kubyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa geologiya - biterwa no guhitamo isosiyete yo kubaka. Muyandi magambo, inzobere zayo zashyize ubwoko runaka bwurufatiro kumugezi bityo ukemeza nyir'inzu azazamura. Ariko ubu buryo ntibwakiriwe rwose, kurugero, mugihe hatangwa hasi ubutaka butangwa munsi yinzu. Ubwoko bwa Fondesiyo nubushobozi bwayo bugomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku kubara muburyo, hitawe kubyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa geologiya.
Ninde mu bwoko bwitwa Fondasiyo, mubitekerezo byawe, ubukungu bumeze?
Byose biterwa nubwoko bwimiterere, kimwe nubutaka bwubutaka nubutaka. Imwe mu mfatiro nyinshi zubukungu muriki gihe zigomba gufatwa nkigikandara gito. Ariko niba hari kubogama kurubuga, ubu bwoko bwa Fondasiyo ntibukwiye, kubera ko biterwa no kwiyongera k'uburebure, igishushanyo kizaba gitoroshye. Kubwibyo, mu turere dufite ubutabazi bwavuzwe, nibyiza gushyira mu bikorwa ibinyampeke cyangwa sireninto. Ibirundo bikwirakwira kurubuga hamwe nubutaka bwikibazo (budbling, amasatsi), kubera ko bashobora guhatirwa kwimbitse kwa 4m cyangwa byinshi, ndetse no kubaka amazu mugihe cyitumba. Urugero, iyubakwa rya mbere mu Burusiya bw'inzu ikora, iherutse gukorwa (reba "ivd", 2012, N 1) yatangiye mu gihe cy'itumba, kandi yari umuhererigiricyubahiro. Byafashaga kugabanya cyane igihe ntarengwa cyo kubaka urufatiro ninyubako yose.
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1. Urufatiro rwibirundo hamwe no guhagarika imitwe ikirundo hamwe numuyoboro wicyuma.
2. JANDACELAG ya Lubcelag Umukandara wa LubCebl: kaseti yo hanze kuva litakide ya beto, kandi imbere ishyizwe imbere kuva beto.
3. Inyigisho zamatandaro zisubiri monolithic, aho ba shebuja ninkingi zishyigikiwe zikozwe mumatafari.
4. Ishingiro rigizwe na kaseti ntoya-ntoya, hejuru yaya mari ya monolithit yuzuye (izahinduka "igorofa" yo hasi kandi yongera ubushyuhe bwimiterere yimiterere)
Niba nta butaka buhari, birakenewe gutegura inganda za tekiniki munsi yinzu cyangwa utabishobora kubikora?
Niba munsi yo munsi yashizweho mu biti bitera ibiti, ibigo byashyizweho, umutekinisiye wo guhumeka agomba kuba munsi yacyo. Ibi bizatuma bishoboka gukuraho ubusoni bwo hasi (ibiti) hejuru yubuso bwuzuye, kimwe no gukurikirana imiterere yimiterere nigishushanyo muri rusange.
Uburebure bw'ikoranabuhanga ni ubuhe?
Birakenewe rimwe na rimwe kugenzura imiterere ntabwo ari hasi yimbaho gusa, ahubwo ni kandi itumanaho ryashyizwe mubuhanga. Kugirango inzobere izakemura ibi, yashoboraga kwishora mu bwisanzure ubwo ari bwo bwose bw'umwanya wo munsi y'ubutaka, uburebure bwa Niza butinda ku rwego rw'ubutaka bugomba kuba byibuze 60cm. Byongeye kandi, tekiniki ya tekiniki ya 60x60cm igomba gukorwa mugutaka ya Cesary.
Nkeneye kuvomera umwanya wubutaka kandi uko byabikora?
Mu nkengero zikoreshwa mubibanza byinshi, ubutaka ni ibumba cyangwa ikiringo, ukurikije ubumuga bwa capillar bubaye. Kubwibyo, birakenewe kuvomera umwanya wubutaka. Kubwibyo, hejuru yubuso bwose bwa nyuma, ubutaka butwikiriwe nibintu bya stamproof: firime ishimangiwe, hydrokhotloxole ni.p. Inyigisho nziza zigomba kuminjagira nibikoresho byose bizahindura condansiate byakozwe mu nsi - umucanga, amakaramu cyangwa ibumba (cm 10-15 - cm 10-15). Niba ubutaka bwo mukarere k'amazi cyangwa akarere bwuzuyemo amazi yuzuye, birakenewe ko habaho amazi ku isi ya fondasiyo, bitabaye ibyo, ibidendezi byo koga bizaba mu mpeshyi.
Kuki ukeneye guhumeka umwanya wubutaka nuburyo bwo kubigeraho?
Guhumeka umwanya wo munsi y'ubutaka ni ngombwa cyane mu gihe cy'itumba iyo inzu irashyuha. Niba ubushyuhe n'umwuka bikubise ishingiro bikozwe neza, gutakaza ibiro binyuze muri byo bizaba uburangare. Bisobanura ko bidashoboka ko condenute ikorwa hejuru yubuso bwuzuye. AESLESLY YASANZWE ITualation ifite ubunini budahagije, Condenstate izagaragara rwose. Kurinda igiti kuva ingaruka mbi zagenewe guhumeka umwanya wubutaka. Itangwa hamwe nubufasha bwakozwe mu nsi. Nk'uko SUNIP 2,08.01-89 *, igice cyambukiranya ibicuruzwa kimwe kigomba kuba byibuze 0.05m2. Mugihe kimwe, ahantu hose umusaruro ugomba kuba byibuze 1/400 mu nyongera ya tekiniki. Umubare wamaraso uterwa niboneza ryifatizo. Kurugero, niba umwanya wa intrazocol winzu 6x6m zigabanijwemo urufatiro rwibice bine, hanyuma muri buri kimwe muri byo kigomba kuba byibuze umusaruro wa kabiri. Kugirango duhuze rusanzwe rwintangiriro yo gukora, gutanga urujya n'uruza n'umwuka, ni ngombwa cyane gutegura neza ibicuruzwa. Hariho amategeko atatu yoroshye. Icya mbere: Imiryango yose igomba gutegurwa kuri diagonal yumwanya. Icya kabiri: Birakenewe guhitamo uburebure nkubwo bwo gushyira ibicuruzwa byamaraso kugirango badasinzira urubura (uburebure bwa shelegi mu nkengero zigera kuri 40-50CM). Icya gatatu: Gushiraho intera yo gutera, gutanga umwuka, bigomba kuba byibuze cm 10 munsi yibicuruzwa "bitabira" gusohoka. Niba utegura ibicuruzwa kurwego rumwe (Ibi bituma ubwubatsi bukabije bwubaka), guhumeka umwanya wo munsi y'ubutaka bizaba bibi: umwuka uhagurukiye kurengana uzaharanira hejuru, ariko ntuzabona hanze hejuru. Igisubizo nicyo cyiswe agace karumiwe munsi yukuri, kandi kongezeho izatangira kumushinga wamagorofa.
Nkeneye gufunga uruhu mu gihe cy'itumba?
Niba nta itumanaho mu mwanya murugo, kandi urwego rwamagana muburyo bukabije (cm 25-30) kandi usibye kurindwa cyane kuruhande rwicyumba no hepfo, birashoboka kandi ntabwo no gufunga Uwiteka ibicuruzwa. Reba uko buri munzu uzakomeza gushyuha. Ibicuruzwa byanze bikunze byanze bikunze iyo imiyoboro y'itumanaho yashyizwe mu nzego zo munsi y'ubutaka, nubwo, insulation ikoreshwa mu rwego rwo kutubutse, ishobora guhagarika. Ariko ICYITONDERWA: Mumwanya ufunze, ikirere kizaba gifite ubushyuhe bwubutaka, buzaganisha kumushinga wo guhuza ibiti. Birashoboka kugabanya amahirwe yo kugaragara, niba ushyizemo amafaranga munsi ya mugitondo cya beto, bizagufasha gusunika umurongo wa freezundwe
Igice 2. Amazu yibiti Mubisanzwe Ubushuhe
Mikhail Dyachenko, Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa Abs stroy
Ni ubuhe buryo bukwiye kuba ubuhehere bw'ibiti cyangwa akabari gakoreshwa mu kubaka?
Nk'uko snip ii-25-80 "inzego z'ibiti", ubushyuhe ntarengwa bw'akabari cyangwa ibiti ntibigomba kurenga 25%. Mubikorwa, iyi mibare iruta cyane mubisanzwe ibisanzwe, kubera ko abaproducers bake bashaka kuva kumezi 6 kugeza kumwaka 1 kugirango yumike impeshyi mu itumba (yibutsa: inkwi zikaze cyane). Isumbabyose ubushuhe bwumwimerere, inkwi nyinshi zigengwa nuburyo bwo kumisha. Gahunda yikirere ni izinjira cyane cyane. Mu ikubitiro, kubaka inzu ni Byoroheje na kwiyiriza: yarokoye ingiga mu ishyamba, gutunganyirizwa ku mashini, gufata ku grooves amabakure, yatwaye mu rubuga kubaka no yegeranirije LOG nzu. Ariko ntamuntu utekereza ko ibiti by'ibiti bibingiringo bishobora gutangira kabiri mumodoka mugihe utanga ikintu. Nkigisubizo, gukusanya igishushanyo kigenewe kidashoboka. Niyo mpamvu abubatsi bafite uburambe bwo gukoresha ibiti byumye kandi bakurikiza neza imiterere yo gutanga ibice byo kubaka no kwiyongera. Mugihe kimwe, ibikombe biri muburyo bukorwa ukoresheje ibikombe bigendanwa vuba mbere yo gushiraho ibintu. Akabari hamwe nijwi risanzwe ni nto cyane kuruta otlinding, zigengwa nuburyo bwo gutwara no guterana. Ariko, niba utemera ingamba zimwe, mugihe cyinteko ya Grazing mbere yinkwi zigera kumwanya wa 16-20% (ni ukuvuga, nabyo birashobora gutontoma kandi Kugereranya.
Birashoboka kugabanya umubare wibice byakozwe mubiti mugihe ukure?
Impamvu nyamukuru yo kugaragara kw'imigabane ni hejuru cyane igipimo cyo gushuka mu giti cyangwa ubutabazi bw'iki gikorwa. Kubwibyo, birashoboka kugabanya umubare wibice iyo byumye ibiti byubushyuhe busanzwe muburyo butatu. Iya mbere: Kubera ko ubuhehere butemba kuri barrile, mu burebure bw fibre, kandi bukabura mu mpera, bagomba gufatwa n'ibihimbano bidasanzwe. Igisubizo nubushuhe bizatinda, kuko bitazagenda kumurongo, ariko ahanini hakurya, kandi bikaba bitagaragara cyane. By the way, ubu buryo burakoreshwa kubiti. Icya kabiri: Gushiraho abakunzi b'indishyi zishobora gutegurwa haba hepfo no hejuru yigiti cyangwa akabari. Ubujyakuzimu bwa quove nkiyi hafi 1/10. Kurugero, niba diaxter diameter ifite cm 24, kora indishyi zikunda indishyi zifite ubujyakuzimu bwa cm 2,4. Icya gatatu: Ahubwo ntabwo ari uburyo, ahubwo ni tekinike igufasha kugabanya umubare wibice byose, ahubwo no guhindura amakamba yaciwe. Ikigaragara ni uko bamwe mubafite bamwe bashyira mu nyubako yubatswe n'ibiti bito bitose, ako kanya nyuma yo kubaka. Abandi bazategereza umwaka 1 (muriki gihe, inzu yinjira yicaye) hanyuma yinjire munzu nyuma yo kurangiza ubuhanga no kurangiza imirimo. Ariko icya mbere, naho icya kabiri uhita utangira gukomeretsa cyane imiterere. Nkigisubizo, ubuso bwimbere bwinkuta shub byumye cyane kuruta hanze. Ikamba riragoramye, funga kandi zitwikiriwe n'ibice. Mu nzu, aho ba nyirayo bimukiye inyuma nyuma yo kubaka, ubumuga no kurengana bizaba byinshi, ndetse no mu kindi, aho batwaye mu mwaka, bike. Ariko bazaba uko byagenda kose. Video yuburyo busanzwe bwahinduwe buhoro buhoro inkwi zumye: Kumwaka 1 harahindukira ubushyuhe mumwaka, ariko muburyo bworoheje kugirango ubushyuhe bwo mucyumba ari 5-8 c. Hanyuma Igiti kizuma buhoro, bityo guhindura imiterere n'imibare y'ibiti mu biti ntibizaba bike. Ntibishoboka gutura munzu ku bushyuhe busa, niko bikwiye gutekereza ko washyizeho murugo rushya bitarenze imyaka 2. Niba nta nzira yo gusohoka kandi ugomba gutura ahantu runaka, sisitemu yo gushyushya igomba gushyirwa mu ntangiriro yigihe cyo gushyushya hanyuma ukazamura buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe murugo. Birakenewe kandi kwita ku kubahiriza ubushumba mu kibanza (ukurikije SUNIP II-25-80 "bigomba kuba 45% binjira mu byumba mugihe cyuzuyemo, mu itumba birimo bike cyane Ubushuhe.
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5. Amazu yinjira yintoki yinjira mu binyejana byagaragaje kuruhande rwiza. Inteapply kumavuza yikoranabuhanga rishya, ubwinshi bwo kubaka inyubako nkiyi idahindutse.
6, 7. Kimwe mu binyejana byinshi bishize, ibiti byo gukata gukata biva kuri cortex hamwe na rigine (6), hanyuma bikaba birimo guhuza ibiciro hamwe na ax (7) cyangwa tesla.
8. Inzu yibiti irakusanyirijwe mu ruganda, hanyuma ucike kandi ijyanwa kubakiriya
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9. Gushyira muri Noruveje: ukoresheje impumuro hamwe nibikombe byo kwihitiramo.
10. Igisubizo kigezweho ni uguhuza kwigarurira ibiti. Irakoreshwa mukubaka kwikinisha, Veranda, ingaragu hejuru yinjira, hashingiwe kubikoresha indishyi indi indishyi indi indishyi.
11. Guhuza ibiti n'abahungu.
12. Amahitamo azwi avuye ku mugaba w'inkuta rw'inzu y'ibintu: imigabane miremire yibiti bitwikiriwe n'umugozi wijimye
Waba usabwe tekinike zifasha mubihe byose?
Benshi, ariko ikibabaje, ntabwo ari muri byose. Akenshi abantu bubaka inzu aho batuye kandi, bakurikije intego yacyo, hitamo ubunini bwinkuta. Ibi birashobora kuba, kurugero, inyubako yubuzima busanzwe, bwuzuye cyangwa bwuzuye hamwe nurukuta rwa 140-150mm. Tekereza: Ku gikari cyizuba, gushyushya imirimo, munzu ishyushye, Cozy ... Mueyaeva yahisemo kubamo buri gihe. Ariko imiterere ntabwo ibarwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, muri ba nyir'itumbe byari byiza, bahatirwa gukandagira urugo rwabo kugeza ntarengwa. Ariko, uburyo bwo gushyushya ni akaga cyane ku nzu y'ibiti: Niba ubushyuhe bwo hasi ari 22, munsi y'igisenge gishobora kugera kuri 60 S. S. Vituong Igiti cya Hejuru Cyama Gushimangira uruniko ruva mu rubingo kandi rwibendera, n'ibiti byo gukwirakwira gusohoka mu byari byabyo. Ao, ibibera hamwe n'ikamba ryandura, sinshaka kuvuga. Byari ngombwa cyangwa byabanje guhitamo umubyimba winkuta zijyanye n'amacumbi ahoraho, cyangwa mbere ya byose kugirango wite ku nkuru y'inyongera y'urukuta no guhumurizwa, hanyuma ufate umwanzuro wo kuba mu nzu y'itumba.
Niki ukeneye gukora kugirango inzu yinjire yatanzwe kandi idafite agaruyo?
Mu mwaka, mu gihe inzu y'igiti yicaye, imbere irahuye cyane nintoki cyangwa akabari. Itandukaniro, bitandukanye n'inkuta z'inzu, aho igisenge n'amakamba arenze urugero byashyizwe, hafi y'imisozi (bitwa ko bitwaje abagabo, kuko bitwaye gusa). Imbere imbere ni hejuru kandi rero yumye vuba. Niba udafashe ingamba zimwe, bazabibamo cyangwa nigishushanyo cyose gishobora kugoramye. Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, mugihe cyo kugabanuka cyane ibiti, birakenewe kugirango uharanire abanyamwuga gukurikirana inyubako. Kurugero, isosiyete yacu itanga abakiriya bayo kugirango basoze amasezerano ya serivisi zurugo muri iki gihe. Ikiguzi cyikigereranyo nk'iki kigera ku bihumbi 16. Ukurikije ubwoko bwimiterere nintangarugero. Kuri aya mafranga, amasezerano ateganya byibuze kugenda bine ku kintu inzobere (niba ukeneye Brigade yose). Bizahindurwa kugirango uhindure ku nkombe, kandi zishyiraho urunigi imbere y'inyungu (zigeragezwa mu mwobo wa 15x15cm, zikaba muri imwe mu makamba iherereye munsi ya Ssiw (bigenwa ku mwobo-bolts yakubiswe mu rukuta). Bizatwara ibi bintu byoroshye kugirango ubashe gukaza ibigize igishushanyo mbonera cy'ikamba ry'ikamba, utabahaye kugoreka.
Igice 3. Amazu akozwe mubiti
Semen Goglev, Umuyobozi wa "NLK DOSHSONLOTA" (Itsinda ryamasosiyete "Ishoramari ryinshi")
Amazu yinshuti yibidukikije kuva ku biti?
Inkwi zikoreshwa mu gukora ibiti - ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije, kandi ibi ntibitera gushidikanya. Ariko, muri ecoologiya ya kole, ibiti bihuje lamella, benshi. Nigute gutsindishiriza ayo gukeka? Ahari bijyanye na Pleuster yunganda, yakozwe hashize imyaka 20, ni ubutabera. Ariko muri iki gihe cyose, sisitemu ifatika yatejwe imbere, kandi amahitamo yabo agezweho ntaho ahuriye nibyo - ibifatika bya mbere. Uyu munsi ukoreshe sisitemu eshanu zifatika zakozwe no kuyobora imiti yisi yose. Ibi byose bihuye byujuje ibyangombwa byuburayi kubijyanye nubwiyuha bwa formaldehyde no kwerekeza ku ishuri rya E1. Benshi mubakora ibiti byafashwe (kuko byose, birumvikana, biragoye kuvomera) ibyo ni ibishushanyo mbonera byibidukikije. Nyuma yimyaka 1-2, ndetse na sisitemu ifatika akomeye azagaragara, azahuza icyiciro cya E0 (aya mahame ateganya kumenyekanisha mu Burayi), kandi abakora murugo bagomba kujya kuri ibi bihangano. Reba ikibazo muburyo butandukanye. Guhagarikwa k'umurongo uhagaze, ingano y'ibikorwa bifatika ugereranije n'ubunini bw'ibiti ntibihagije. Muri icyo gihe, hafi ya byose bifatika byihishe mubwimbitse bwibicuruzwa - gusa imirongo myiza iherereye kumpera yakari hanze. Kubwibyo, ubuso bwuguruye igice gifatika, hamwe nibintu byangiza bishobora kurekurwa, bito cyane. Kugenzurwa Plywood (Ibi bikoresho byakoreshwaga muri rusange nkinkono yo gutwika parquet) cyane kole, ariko kubwimpamvu ntamuntu numwe wibuka ibidukikije. Rimwe na rimwe, ibintu byose bimenyereye gukoresha ibikoresho byo muri chipboard, aho ibikubiye mubintu bishobora kwangiza binini birenze kuri plywood. Umukabari uzengurutse ibintu byiza kuruta byombi, naho ubundi buryo bwo kureba ni umugani gusa. Gutangira kubyara ibicuruzwa byayo mubuyapani, ubu tugiye kwemeza ibipimo byabayapani. Nk'uko amakuru abitangaza, urwego rwa formaldehyde ibiti byacu bikabije birenga gato inyuma yibi bintu biri mu giti.
Urukuta ruva muri SLAR "guhumeka" nkinkuta ziva mu kiti?
Birashobora kuvuma ko umurongo wa glued ugumana ibintu byiza byose byimbaho. Iyo bitose, bikurura ubushuhe, kandi iyo buma cyane - atanga. N'ubundi kandi, inyanja ya kole ntabwo ishikamye, ariko igereranya ubwoko bwa mesh yo kurya. Mugihe ubushakashatsi bwa bagenzi bacu ba finkilande bwerekanye, buri sembaro yizishe igabanya umwuka urenga ku zirenga 15%. Kubera ibi, akabari kazengurutswe kagumana ubushobozi bwigiti kugirango "uhumeke", nubwo atari byizuye.
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13. Kimwe mu byiza by'ibiti byafashwe neza ni ubwo buryo bworoshye: birasya (niba hari ibyo bikenewe), hanyuma ukinga hamwe n'ibigize byinshi byo gukingira imitako, mugihe ukomeza imiterere yigiti.
14. Iyo urema hejuru mumazu, ibiti bifatika bikunze gukoresha.
15. Kurekura amakamba kuva ku biti byahagaze ku biti, nk'itegeko, byongerewe na sitidiyo.
16. Guhuza imfuruka y'amakamba biva ku biti byafashwe n'iziritse ntibishobora kuba ibisigazwa gusa, ahubwo no mu kaburimbo. Ukurikije ibicuruzwa byinshi nabaguzi, uburyo bwa nyuma buzamura vuba neza.
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17. Ibitekerezo byatekerejweho muri sisitemu y'Ubudage, ikigo gikora kirambye kandi "urwangira" cy'amakamba gitanga "imbaraga zikomeye" zo mu mutego.
18. Umurongo uzengurutse, utunganijwe munsi yigiti kizengurutse, ni igisubizo kibangamira abafite abarusmu hafi ya pruschers bahitamo ubuso bwihishe bwurutingito.
19, 20. UMWANZURO URAGARAGAZA ARINDA (19) hamwe nigikombe gihuza (20), cyakozwe na sisitemu ya Finilande. Mu mwobo hagati y'imbavu zo hejuru, kashe ya rubbon irashyirwa
Bikunze kuvugwa ko ibiti bike byafashwe neza bizatangira kugabanuka, kandi "gukiza" inzu nkiyi biragoye cyane. Birashoboka?
Nanjye ubwanjye byabaye ngombwa ko nitegereza akane ku mpera z'akabari, zihishuriraga ubujyakuzimu bwa 50cm (nubwo atari ibijyanye n'ibicuruzwa by'isosiyete yacu). Ariko rero ko ibicumbaro bitera hejuru yuburebure bwose - Ntabwo nigeze mbona kandi ntirwigeze numva. Uburyo bwo gusana impera byatangajwe biragoye cyane, kuko bisaba gukoresha inkweto zidasanzwe za kole na robine. Nigute ushobora kumenya neza ko ntakintu kizabaho murugo rwawe? Saba ko uwabikoze yerekana ibisubizo byikizamini cyo gutinda (bikorerwa abakora ibikora ibiti, kandi isosiyete yacu nayo irabikora). Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora ikizamini nkiki. Umubano na sample mbi yibiti byibizwa muri autoclave. Ngaho, "bitejwe" mukibazo, hanyuma bimurirwa muri guverinoma yumisha kandi bigaragazwa nibibaho bifatika. Icyitegererezo cyintangarugero gishobora gucika, ariko koleams zigomba gukomeza kuba integer. Buri cyiciro cyibiti byafashwe byingombwa bisabwa gutsinda iyi cheque.
Ni ubuhe bugari bwingirakamaro mu kubaka amazu y'igihugu mu karere ka Moscou?
Kugirango ubuzima bwiza, ubunini bwinkuta rwimbaho yinzu igomba kuba byibuze 160mm. Uyu munsi, isoko ryerekanwe mu biti byingenzi byafashwe mugari 200mm, hamwe n'ubushobozi bw'ikoranabuhanga bwa sosiyete yacu butuma bishoboka kubyara ibiti hamwe n'ubugari bwa 240mm. Ku nzu y'igihugu mu karere ka Moscou yo mu kabari k'ubugari nk'ubwo, birahagije kandi nta kindi cyikibazo cyinyongera cyinkuta kizakenerwa. Niba ugereranya amazu abiri - kuva ku biti byafashwe kandi bikagabanuka, hamwe n'ubunini bumwe bw'inkuta, uwambere ashyushye cyane kuruta iya kabiri kubera ubugari bw'amakamba. Ariko ubunini bwinkuta ntabwo aricyo kimenyetso nyamukuru: ubushyuhe butemba muri bo ni 1/3 gusa yo gutakaza ubushyuhe bwuzuye. Hafi yubushyuhe bugera kuri 1/3 butakaze hejuru yinzu (ikunda), cyane cyane binyuze mumiterere ya attike. Hanyuma, undi 1/3 cyubushyuhe bushobora kunyura hejuru. Bisobanura ko ireme ry'ibisenge ryigisenge hamwe no hasi ari ngombwa kuruta kwuzuye urukuta. Hariho amakuru atandukanye yerekeye imyanda yinzu ivuye mu kabari ka ruswa: Bati, urugero, ko iticara cyangwa yicaye kuri 1-3%. Nubuhe buryo bukomeye bwimbaraga? Umuyoboro wazengurutse hafi 1.5% - Iki nikigereranyo. Kubera ko dutanga akabari, aho buri Lamella yumye kubirimo 12% (hamwe nubushuhe, ibiti bigomba guhuzwa), guhagarika ibiti byatewe no kumisha yibiti ni bike. Ntekereza, kashe ya grooves hamwe nigiti gito cyamababi munsi yumushinga wagize ingaruka cyane. Nkigisubizo, ubunini bwigice buri muri rusange bushingiye kubijyanye no gukora ibiryo hamwe nigihe cyiteraniro, cyangwa ahubwo, kuva hejuru yumurongo wahinduwe mugihe cyo kubaka. Imyanda mito cyane ni kimwe mu bintu bishimishije cyane mu nzu y'ibiti. Ntibikenewe gutegereza umwaka 1 kugeza inzu yicaye, hanyuma utangire kurangiza. Iteraniro rikimara kurangira, urashobora gushushanya inkuta hanze no imbere hanyuma ukayashyira munzu nshya. Ariko ibi ntibisobanura ko inyuma yisheno, ntabwo bizakenerwa kwitegereza: nko munzu iyo ari yo yose, uzagomba kugenzura buri gihe jack ya yo.d. N'ubundi kandi, igiti (uko nta kibazo, gikangwa cyangwa gikomeye) ni ibintu bizima, kandi mu gihe kimwe bizatakaza ubushuhe, ndetse no mu rundi ruhande, ku rundi ruhande, kugira ngo ubone inyungu, hanyuma inzu yibagirwa "izakura." Nko mu nyamaswa iyo ari yo yose yimbaho, mu nzu y'imbamo gake, birashobora no gukabya amakamba (urugero, mu gihe cy'itumba, iyo ubushyuhe bwo hanze n'ubuso bw'imbere bw'urukuta butandukanye inshuro nyinshi). Ariko inkuta z'ibiti bizemye zituma habaho ibirenze ibindi byose - ibi bibangamiwe na puzzle ibice bya puzzle mu bice byo hejuru no hepfo.
Ukeneye ikibaho kibanziriza kumurongo wimbaho?
Ikibaho cyamabandi ni ikintu cyikoranabuhanga gikenewe munzu iyo ari yo yose yimbaho, ndetse no murwego. Ihagarika inzira yubushuhe, izamuka capillars yisi. Iri genzura ryashyizwe munsi y'ikamba ryo hasi ryo gukata no kubara kugira ngo, nubwo isenyuka, irashobora ku isimburwa, ariko urukuta nyamukuru ntiruzababara. Ubwinshi bwiki kintu ni 50mm. Kugira ngo akanama "yabayeho" igihe kirekire gishoboka, igice cy'amazi gishyirwa munsi yacyo. Ikibaho cyamabandi cyakozwe muri make, cyangwa kuri storge cyangwa pinusi, cyatewe nibihimbano bya antiseptique. Ntabwo aritera ubwoba niba iri kinamaro izaba irimo imiti yiyongereye cyane, - ariko amakamba aruhukira ntashobora gukorerwa ibintu bikomeye. Hanze y'Ubuyobozi bwamabaringa, nk'itegeko, bitwikiriye.
Dufite ubutwari bwibiti biva mubiti cyangwa ibiti byubushuhe busanzwe, kugirango tuzirikane bihagaritse kandi bikumira kugoreka kwabo. Ese umurongo wibikoresho byinjira mumurongo wazengurutswe byanze bikunze?
Kuberako firebones yubushuhe busanzwe, ni ngombwa byihutirwa. Ariko kunzu ziva ku biti, ntabwo bisabwa buri gihe. Ikigaragara ni uko ibiti byateganijwe bikozwe nibice bibiri byingenzi. Igice cyo hejuru cyurubuga rwa FINENISH ni ibibuga bibiri birebire, no hepfo - imbavu ebyiri, kandi mugihe giteranya inzu hagati yabo, ishyirwa hagati ya salalont. Akabari k'abitwa Sisitemu y'Ubudage kuva hejuru no hepfo ifite ibikoresho n'ibice. Iyo ubwubatsi buva kuri sisitemu ya Finilande bwarakozwe, kandi iyo ukoresheje Ikidage - Tubafite, muri Ihame, urashobora kubikora, nkuko ibihano byinshi kandi imisozi itazakwemerera ikamba.
Igice cya 4. Ikadiri
Sergey Tsygamenko, Perezida wa NP "Ishyirahamwe ryikoranabuhanga ryinzu Sip"
Ni ubuhe buhanga bukoreshwa cyane mu Burusiya mu Burusiya?
Ikoranabuhanga ryose risanzwe muri iki gihe rishobora kugabanywamo ikadiri ninama. Karkasny akwiye gushyiramo amahitamo ayo ari yo yose yubatswe bwa mbere, harimo kurengana no gusoza ibisenge (urugero, bivuye mu kabari karakomeye, gake), hanyuma hakabaho "skeleton" murugo iratunganijwe kandi kwigarurira. Akanama kabazwe birashobora kubamo tekinoroji ebyiri - Ikadiri hamwe ninama. Iya mbere muri aya mahitamo yerekana inteko y'abakozi b'inararibonye ku rwego rw'urwego rw'urwego rw'ububari bwakozwe mbere, urugero rw'amabuye y'agaciro (OSP), n'igice Kurema Ikadiri yikadiri yinzu yinzu, noneho irakemuwe, irinde firime za parobaric, trim it.p. Mugihe kimwe, imiterere yimiterere ikorwa hakoreshejwe ibintu bya Lsk. Umwanya wihuta cyane kuri iyi ikoranabuhanga ukoresha ikadiri panel yakozwe mububiko. Dukurikije iri hame, bikundwa kubaka amazu, vuga, mu Buyapani na Kanada: banza gukora ikadiri yinzu, kandi ibijyanye no kubigiramo bikorwa munsi yinzu. Ongera urwego rwubatswe agasanduku k'inzu wemerera amahitamo ya kabiri - Ikadiri: icyarimwe, igihingwa kirema gushyuha kandi gikangwa kumpande zombi. Nk'itegeko, automoots zabo zishyikirizwa ahazubakwa aho inyubako yakusanyirijwe mu minsi hamwe no gusakara. Ikoranabuhanga ryihuse ryikigo nicyo cyitwa Modular Housega. Mubihe byanyuze, basanzwe barema akanama, ariko modular yinzu, ihujwe muri bumwe murubuga rwubwubatsi. Nkigisubizo, agasanduku ko kubaka karashyizwe mumasaha make. Muri ubu buryo, ni nko kubaka, kurugero, muri Amerika, no mugihugu cyacu, aya mahitamo atarakwirakwira.
Wavuze Lsk. Niki?
Vuba aha, ibimera byinshi byagaragaye mugihugu cyacu, butanga neza ibintu byubunini bwuzuye kugirango bateze amakadiri ava mumiterere yicyuma (LSTK). Hafi yimyaka 2 ishize, uruganda rwafunguye Tver. Ku nshuro ya mbere, iminsi 10 bagurishijwe binyuze murusobe rwo kubaka supermarket hafi 100 z'ibice bya garage. N'abikorera ku giti cyabo, byari bishimishije gufata igiciro cyaguzwe ku modoka yabo y'abagenzi, hanyuma ukusanyirize igaraje ukurikije amabwiriza akoreshwa. Ku igaraje cyangwa inzu nto yubusitani, ibi byemewe. Ariko akenshi ugomba kumva ibirego byerekana ko umuguzi wese ashobora kugura urutonde rwa LSTK murugo rwawe hafi ya kare kandi wigenga. Amagambo nkayo ntabwo ankunda cyane. Inzu nimiterere igoye, umwuga rero ugomba kuyubaka. Inteko yimpano yinzu iri ku ihame rya "diy" nikoranabuhanga iryo ari ryo ryose ryo kubaka nabona ko bitemewe rwose.
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21. Amazu yaka ntabwo yishimiye cyane mugihe cyo gukora amatafari yimbere, nubwo amatafari yimbere yimbere, ibiti cyangwa beto. Hindura ibyifuzo byabakiriya byatanze ikibazo cyubukungu.
22, 23. Ihuriro riva muri Sip Panel rirashobora kurema, rikoresha panel imwe ya sandwich, ariko ibemerera kubigira - rafter (22). Imbeba zinjiza ahazubakwa ni ifishi ya mpandeshatu (23)
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24, 25. Ubumwe bwuburyo bukunze kubaka ikadiri: Banza ushireho guhuzagurika, hanyuma ubikeho, nko kuri platifomu, ushyiremo urwego rwimbeba (25), nyuma yimikorere isubirwamo rwose (24).
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26, 27. Panwich Panels, cyangwa Sip Panels, irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora urukuta no hejuru yo hejuru (26), kimwe no gutwika (28), mbere yo kurambika abamwubatsi bafatanye na panel.
28, 29. Ibice bitonyanga byoroheje bishyikirizwa urubuga rwubwubatsi muburyo bwimyirondoro bwite cyangwa yakusanyijwe kurwego rwibice byamakadiri. Ku rubanza rwa mbere, Inteko yo munzu iragenda gahoro, ariko inzira yo gukora lsk ku ruganda irihuta
Niyihe ngero wavuze zitanga ibyiringiro kandi nibyiza uhereye igihe uzigama nigihe cyo kuzigama n'amafaranga?
Kubera ko inyubako yo hasi yinzu itunzwe cyane, ubwo aribwo bwose mu ikoranabuhanga ryavuzwe, niba ari ingufu nziza kandi igamenyekana, isobanura gusezerana. Noneho kubyerekeye ubukungu. Byose biterwa nibihe byaho: Kurugero, barashobora guhita binjiza ikamyo hamwe na panels na Autocrante ikibanza cya Autocrante, hari aho bika imbaho. Umubare wa icyarimwe munsi yubwubatsi bigira ingaruka kuruhande rwubukungu bwikibazo. Niba wubatse inyubako imwe, gutsindira uburyo bwihuse ntibuzarushaho kuba bufite akamaro. Ariko niba turimo tuvuga inyubako ihuriweho n'umudugudu ifite amazu, yubatswe ku ikoranabuhanga rimwe, birumvikana ko ari inyungu zo gukoresha ibicuruzwa byarangiye bikozwe mu mahugurwa. Ariko usibye urutonde, hariho ikindi kintu kigezweho kigezweho kidahuye nibyiciro byateganijwe. Niwe, mbona ko ari byiza gukurikiza muri iyo manza imwe. Ngiyo iteraniro ryinzu kuva imbaho ya sip yakoreshejwe na sosiyete yacu. Sip Panels (kuva mucyongereza. Ikibanza cyubatswe - "Ubushyuhe bwo mu rwego rwo mu cyahujwe Igice cya Polystyrene Ibyimbatsi mukibazo munsi yigitutu PSB yijimye 100-150mm. Buri kibaho cyakozwe nububari bwibiti, ubugari bujyanye nubunini bwa polystyrene. Iyo uhuza panels, igiti gikomeye cyibiti byo munzu byarangwa hamwe. Iyanyuma imbere ya diagonal yo muri diagonal - diagonal irashoboye gutwara umutwaro wingenzi cyane. Imbeba zose zo murugo (cyane, urugo rwurugo rusabwa mu iteraniro ryayo) bakorerwa mu miterere y'uruganda hamwe no kwihanganira 1.5mm. Ku rubuga rwo kubaka hari iteraniro ryabo gusa nta gutunganya cyangwa kurangiza. Birashobora kuvugwa ko iki ari ikimenyetso runaka cyinzu kiva mubintu nka "Lego". Nuburyo bwubwubatsi uyumunsi numwe mu mwihuta cyane kandi ushima cyane.
Nigute iyi koranabuhanga riva mu bukungu?
Twiga neza isoko nibisubizo byubushakashatsi butandukanye bwo kubugisha. B2011 Inzobere za sosiyete yacu zishyize mu Budage, aho basuye imurikagurisha kandi biga ibishushanyo bya panel ya Sandwich yakozwe, kandi, nk'itegeko ridahenze. Vitoga baje ku mwanzuro ko akenshi usanga aya mananiza menshi "pies" mu mazi menshi mu bihe by'Uburusiya byemewe, ahanini biterwa n'ibiciro byabo byo hejuru. Kubwibyo, dutanga imbaho yoroshye kandi ihendutse ya sandwich hamwe nigitambaro cya polystyrene ya 140mm umubyimba, bihwanye nubushyuhe bwabo bwo kuzigama amatafari hamwe nubwinshi bwa 2m. Mu bintu bikozwe muri iyo mitwe, hafi "inzu-thermos" yubatswe, imbere ibihe byiza biremwa hakoreshejwe ikishyushya cyangwa uburyo bwo gushyushya amazi, bwuzuze amakuru menshi). Igiciro cya 1m2 cyimiterere nkiyi yo kurangiza ni amafaranga ibihumbi 18. - Ntabwo bihenze. Njya kubyiringiro nibindi byinshi kugirango ugabanye igiciro cya 1m2. B2012 Gutangiza ibihingwa bitatu byo gukora ibihingwa bya OSB-3 mu Burusiya icyarimwe: Dok "Kalevaco" hamwe n'inzego ebyiri "(Inteko ya Kironow's 'Pescovsky.). Kubwibyo, ibyapa 3 byakoreshejwe muri iki gihe, byakozwe muri Polonye, Repubulika ya Ceki, Kanada na Amerika, turateganya gusimbuza ibicuruzwa bisa. Ibi bizagabanya ikiguzi cyurugo rwurugo saa mu 15-30%. Birashoboka ko ubifashijwemo nikoranabuhanga (bihendutse) amaherezo bazahabwa amazu menshi haba mu cyaro no mumijyi mito.