Gukoresha traffic traffic mu kurangiza inzu n'inzu ntibigitangaye. Ariko ikoreshwa ryayo mugihe cyo kubaka inzu yigihugu ni ikibazo kidasanzwe. Ese kwinuba bishingiye ku bijyanye n'ibihe by'Uburusiya?
Gukoresha traffic traffic mu kurangiza inzu n'inzu ntibigitangaye. Ariko ikoreshwa ryayo mugihe cyo kubaka inzu yigihugu ni ikibazo kidasanzwe. Ese kwinuba bishingiye ku bijyanye n'ibihe by'Uburusiya?
Vuba aha, ubundi bwoko bwabandi masulala yagaragaye ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu - plug, mubyukuri, cork agglomerate. Kuri we, kimwe no kubaka inzu yigihugu hamwe nubuso bwa 105m2, byagenzuwe na cork agglomerate, nibindi bivugwa ko biri kugatangwa. ASEDNO, tuzagerageza kumenya uko bihenze ni inyubako yinyubako ikoresheje iyi eco-umugenzuzi.
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Urufatiro rwinzu ni lenteri ntoya yororoka. Ku gikoresho cyacyo, tester hamwe nubujyakuzimu bwa 80cm, baremye umusego wumucanga ufite ubunini bwa 20cm. Ibikurikira, mu mwobo, igenamigambi ry'ibiti ryashyizwe, imbaho zari zitwikiriwe na rubburoid (1) kugira ngo beto itayikomeje. Poropetory yashyizwemo ikadiri yo kuvugurura (2), kandi muriyo kabati igomba gukorwa, ibice byimiyoboro ihindagurika. Noneho imbaho ubwazo zajugunywe muri beto ya M300 (3).
Kurema umushinga
Ushishikajwe no kwisuhuza gashya, ba nyir'ejo hazaza bahisemo kuyikoresha mu kubaka inzu ndende y'igihugu. Yuda, igishushanyo cy'inzu cyashushanyije, kishingiye kuri ibi, atari byo bishingiye ku miryango yabo gusa, ahubwo no ku mubare w'inshuti n'abavandimwe baza igihe.
Ukurikije iyi shusho, abahanga bakoraga inyubako ikora. Byashyizwemo ibyifuzo bya ba nyirabwo bijyanye nibikoresho byo gukora ikadiri no kwipimishana, ndetse nibiranga ikoranabuhanga ryubwubatsi, bigenwa nuburyo bwo gukoresha Cork agglomerate (intambwe yikadiri ntabwo 60cm, nkuko bisanzwe, cm 50, bingana n'ubugari bw'isahani ya plun agglomerate). Kuki aya makuba yatoranijwe?
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Kwanduza hasi byari bikozwe mu kabari hamwe nigice cyambukiranya 150x150 mm. Ibiti byakorewe mu kabari ka 150x100 mm (4), kuyashyira mu burebure hejuru y'ifatizo (5). Ibice byose byimbaho byatunganijwe na antiseptic.
Imyambarire y'imikino izaza yaremwe mu kabari ka 150x150 mm (6). Gukandarwa kwa Rack byari bifatanye n'imisumari hamwe nicyuma gikomeye cyangirika inguni (7).
Unicum isanzwe
Cork - ikibazo cyimbeba gifite imiterere idasanzwe. Yakozwe na microfer nyinshi (1cm3 cork irimo selile miliyoni 30-42), buri kimwe muricyo gifite urusigi 14 rwa polyhedron hamwe numwanya wimbere. Urukuta rw'akagari rugizwe n'ibice byinshi. Ibibyimba byinshi byabo ni impuzandengo: Irambura cork isanzwe (subern) n'ibishashara bitanga imico idasanzwe. Ubuvumo bw'imbere bwa selile bwuzuyemo gaze, bisa cyane n'ibihimbano ku kirere, ariko nta CO2.
Imiterere nkiyi ikora igishushanyo hamwe nubushyuhe buhebuje. Byakoreshejwe hamwe nubwiza bwayo kuva kera - amasahani yicwa nyayo yari yuzuyeho inkuta nigisenge, kuzenguruka igice kimwe, kandi akazi kari gakora neza. Gusa nyuma yo guhanga cork agglomerate mu 1892. Byarashobokaga gukoresha icyuma nkikinyondo kinini.
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Kugirango byoroshye kubaka guhuzagurika, urangize byuzuye ishingiro. Hagati yacyoga (8), amacomeka y'imodoka (9) yabarinze munsi ya rubberoid, no hejuru - insuji ya Vapor (10) hamwe n'inama y'ubutegetsi.
Agglomerates
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa cork agglomerates: isuku (mubisanzwe bivugwa nkumukara) no kubahiriza (nkuko bisanzwe, bitwa umweru). Umukara agglometes zikoreshwa mubijyanye nubushyuhe, cyera - ahanini nkibikoresho byo kurangiza. Umukara agglomerate igizwe na granules cork ihujwe hamwe na sublin ntagakoreshwa nabandi bibuga. Iboneka mu kuvura cork granules muri autoclave ifite ihinduka rikomeye ryubushyuhe nigitutu. Muri icyo gihe, babanje kwaguka (kwagutse), muri bo cork resin akora, fungura granules, hanyuma ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ibitsina by'imihindagurikire y'ihindagurika bibaho. By the way, umukara nka agglometors yitwa kuko fibre yibiti bya cork, bihora bihari muri corky corby, mugihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe ", kandi nkigisubizo, ibicuruzwa byanyuma bihinduka ibara ryijimye. Ubucucike bwabwo butarenze cork karemano. Ariko ifite uburyo bukwiye bwo kubaka - ibi ni ibyapa (amasahani) hamwe nubunini bwa 1x0.5m hamwe nubunini bwa 10/20/25 / 50mm.Ibiranga agglomerate
Ubucucike bwibikoresho bwabonetse bushobora kuba butandukanye: Bishyizwe bitewe nintego yibikoresho kandi bigengwa nurwego rwo kwikuramo cork mugihe cyo gutunganya. Rero, umukara wirabura agglomerate hamwe nubucucike bwa metero kare 95kg yakoreshejwe mugukosora acoustics yicyumba, ibikoresho byubucucike hagati (95-130 kg (95-130 kg Bya birenga 130kg / m3 ahanini bigamije gukora gaskets (akuramo sluck purbers). Ubwoko uko ari butatu bwibigo byumukara bifite ubuziranenge: Barashobora kugabanuka munsi yumukozi wumutwaro kandi, niba ubunini bwa nyuma butarenze ibisabwa, nyuma yo kubura kwayo, fata uburyo bwa mbere nta dietration isigaye.
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Iyo uremye ikadiri ya kabiri (11), utubari twibasiwe twahujwe na rack muri Poledeg (12). Bashyizeho ibirango byo kurengana, aho imirongo y'urukuta yari ifatanye. Inguni ifumbire gushimangirwa no kurara.
150x50mm, yaremye kuva mu Nama, 150x50mm, igishushanyo mbonera cyakubiswe na Carate yo gukata 200x25mm5m, asiga icyuho cya 100mm (13). Hejuru yacyo shyira igice cyurugero cyuzuyemo imyuka kandi ukanda urusaku rwa kabiri kuva mu kibaho cya 120x25mm, gifite rwose hejuru yicyumba cya cara ya mbere. Rero, bigizwe n'ibibaho bibiri, hashyizweho igisenge gikomeye, kirimo icyuma (14) cyashyizwe.
Umwanya wa Porogaramu
Guhuza ubushyuhe bifite porogaramu nyinshi. Mbere - Insution yo hanze. Isahani ya agglomete ishyirwa kuri plaspid (cyane cyane kugirango igabanye) urukuta. Mugihe kimwe, urukuta n'uruhande rumwe rwa cork agglomete banditseho ibiganiro bidasanzwe, hanyuma ibyapa bihora bifatanye nurukuta (kugirango barererweho hafi bishoboka, koresha inyundo yimbaho) . Nyuma yamasaha 24 kuri cork agglomerate, gufunga kurangiza - plaster, hanyuma irangi ryimbere.
Urwego rwa kabiri. Kubera ko umukara agglomerate ni ibikoresho bifite amazi make cyane, kandi nanone arashoboye kwihanganira ibintu bikomeye nta byangiritse, bikoreshwa neza kugirango bigaragaze ibisenge bisesa, harimo nibikorwa. Muri iki kibazo, amasahani yamenetse gusa inyuma (uburyo bwo gushyiraho ibikoresho bisa nibisobanuro), hanyuma gukinisha birinda bikoreshwa kuri bo.
Umuzingi wa gatatu - Kumenyesha ikadiri, ibisenge.p. Ibishushanyo, kimwe no kuri beam bikwirakwira hamwe nuburyo bwo kurambirwa. Uburyo bwo gushiraho amasahani ya cork birasa cyane nubuhanga bukoreshwa mugihe ashizeho amasahani yamashanyarazi.
Byongeye, inkelasiyo yubushyuhe ya cork agglomerate irashobora gukoreshwa nkijwi ryumvikana - yashyizwemo ibice cyangwa iba inzitizi ikomeye, ihinduka inzitizi ikomeye munzira yumurongo 0.85, bituma bitandukanya rwose icyumba cyamajwi atyaye, nko kurira, imbwa zorora, urusaku rwa TV, sisitemu ya stereo ,.d..). (Kubindi bisobanuro bijyanye numutungo wa plug nibikoresho bikozwe muri yo, reba "IVD", 2007, No 8 cyangwa Urubuga IVD. Ru.)
Noneho, kuba yarasobanukiwe n'imitungo y'ibico n'amasomvugo bimaze kubiva muri yo, duhindukirira kubaka inzu y'igihugu n'amagana tubifashijwemo n'ibi bikoresho. Inzira irerekanwa birambuye mumafoto, kandi ibyinshi byasobanuwe mumikono yabo iherekejwe. Inyungu, gusa ibisobanuro bikenewe birasigaye.
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Inkuta z'inzu hanze zari zuzuyemo ubwinshi bw'indangahire kandi zishyira inzu yo guhagarika (15, 17). Ku mfuruka, inzu yo guhagarika yahisemo kutavuza munsi ya 45, ariko guhuza UGRSE UGR (16), bidafite akazi gakomeye. Izi ngingo zizaba zitwikiriwe na trim yo gushushanya
Urufatiro rw'inzu
Kubera ko ba nyirayo, bibanda ku miterere ya geologiya yaho ndetse n'uburambe bwo kubaka buriho, bwataye igikoresho cyo hasi, urufatiro rw'inzu rwafashwe rwo gutunga abantu bato. Yibizwa hasi 60cm gusa niminara imwe hejuru yurwego rwayo. Nyuma, ku isini ya shelegi ya rufatiro ya beto m300, hashyizweho umugwaneza uwishyuwe, wemereye gusunika umurongo wo guhobera ubutaka uva ku rufatiro. Kugira ngo ubigereho, mbere yo kurambika ibintu, igice cy'ikipe y'umucanga utarateganywaga ku musego w'umusenyi wateguwe mbere, kuriyo - amasahani ya cork agglomerate, kandi hejuru yabo - gride yo gushimangira. Ibibaho byarakozwe bihagije - 1m. Byatumye bishoboka kugenda munzu munzu nubwo ufite imizigo. Kubuhanga busa, urubuga ruto rwimodoka ebyiri rwaremewe kandi rugenzurwa.
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Imbaraga za Shok yatumye bishoboka kureka gushinga umushinga w'igishushanyo: Ibyapa by'imitwe bishingiye ku kabari ka cranial bifatanye na lags (20, 21). Kuva hejuru bitwikiriwe na bariyeri zuzuye ninama yubutaka (22).
Ikadiri
Ba nyirayo bahisemo gukora amashanyarazi yinzu yumurongo hamwe nigice cyambukiranya 150x150mm - igishushanyo nkicyo, babonye imbaraga nyinshi kandi rero, byizewe. Igishushanyo mbonera kirimo kubara (Intambwe ntarengwa ni 1.5 m) kugirango Windows ishyirwe hagati yabo, hanyuma ushyireho "imitsi" mu kibaho cya 150x50, kurema "ubugari bwa cm 50 Shyiramo cork.Inkubi y'umuyaga n'amagorofa hagati yakozwe mu kabari ufite igice cya 150x100mm, kubagira 50cm kuri mugenzi wawe (wibuke: ubugari bwa plaque - 50cm). Igisubizo cyigishushanyo mbonera cyabonetse hafi yimigabane ibiri yumutekano - hamwe nubufasha bwabo byaba byoroshye guhuza inkota kugeza kuri 5m, mugihe ubugari bwimigerire nyayo yari 3.85. Ni bishimiye gusa nyir'imbaraga za ba nyirayo mu gihe kizaza, agira ati: "Genda mu biti, kandi bisa naho munsi y'amaguru ya monolithic."
Ubushyuhe bwa Cork
Gushyushya umurambo
Abamwubatsi brigadier, basabye bwa mbere umuhanda w'imodoka, yagize ati: "Biroroshye cyane gukorana nibi bikoresho. Keretse niba birakomeye kandi birakomeye kuruta ubushishozi busanzwe. Ariko ni ibiranga Ibyo bitanga inyungu zikomeye, kurugero, mugihe hashize umurongo uva mubyumba (ni ngombwa kubikora kubera imvura), mubice bitatu - 150mm) hamwe nibisate byuzuye kugirango bitagaragara. Gukora hamwe ninyigisho zidasanzwe zirasa nkiyi.
Shira igice cya mbere, noneho umukozi umwe ahora ashyigikira ibisumisurutsa kuva hasi, naho icya kabiri kizana kandi gishyiramo amasahani yabace bombi. Byongeye kandi, kugirango ukomeze ibice bitatu byose kumwanya kugeza igihe imyuga imaze gukosorwa, hanyuma ikanda, igwa kuva hepfo hagati yinzoka cyangwa kuyobora by'agateganyo gari ya moshi. Ibihe biriho mugihe hashize cork hamwe nibintu byose umubwiranya byose: shyira isahani ikurikira ahantu hakemurwa imisumari ebyiri. "
Birakwiye kongeraho amagambo make kubyerekeye ubunini bwa cork agglomerate urwego rwibishushanyo mbonera. Holly yagarukiye, inkuta nigisenge cyo mu igorofa rya kabiri ryashyizwe hamwe na 150mm. Guhuza amakuru hamwe nibitandukanya imbere, ubunini bwacyo bwari 100mm gusa. Ibi birahagije, kuva muriki kibazo, agglomete ntabwo ari ugusuka, amajwi ari angahe. Ingingo z'isahani hagati yabo no ku rwego rw'ikiradiri ntiyigeze zikoreshwa - amasahani yakatiwe cyane ndetse n'ibintu bigize imiterere.
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Munsi yinzu mubice bibiri, cork yambaye Ipitork (23) yakurikijwe. Ikiti cy'ibiti cy'inkike cyarinzwe na firime ya polyethylene (24).
Hagati y'ikadiri n'ibisimba biva mu nzu byashyizwe mu bice bitatu bya slabu ya cork agglomete (25). Bari bapfutse inzitizi zuzuye, hanyuma - kwigana igihe cyinama yinama (26).
Cork kurangiza
Kugira ngo dushimangire ingaruka z'ibitekerezo by'ubwikuno byakozwe na Cork Agglemerate yashyizwe mu buryo bwuzuye, ba nyir'inzu bahisemo gutwikira amagorofa n'ibi bikoresho. Kuba ntanganiye byo mu cyubahiro cyunamye bifashishije electrolabanka, noneho amagorofa yose yari yuzuyemo imyenda ya 8mm, iberekanye ku mbaho zo hasi hamwe no kwikuramo (icyarimwe barebye imigozi Imiyoboro ntiyazamutse hejuru ya plywood kandi ntabwo yagarutsweho). Ibikurikira, ukoresheje ibihimbano bidasanzwe kumazi, byanditse hejuru ya puff pliers yo hasi cork (corkart, portugal) yuzuye umubyimba wa 6mm (ingano - 600x300mm). Gutezimbere ibiranga ibikorwa (kwambara imbaraga, imbaraga zo gushushanya, ingaruka zimiti yacyo.p.) kandi zorohereza amabati ya cork cork yari ashingiye ku bice bitatu bishingiye ku mazi yakazi (Loba, Ubudage).
Yakoresheje icyuma no kurangiza hanze yinzu, mubyukuri, ishingiro ryayo. Kugira ngo babigereho, bakoresheje igikoma cya Cork Cork cya Iscork ("Umuhanda w'Uburusiya Jam", Uburusiya). Mu bigize, ni uruvange rwa cork granules, resin ya acryc hamwe namavuta yimboga. Byakozwe muburyo bwifu yumye, gupakira mumigeri ya plastike (12Kg / 22l). Mbere yo gusaba, birahagije kugirango wongere amazi asabwa nicyuma (atanga uruganda rumwe) hanyuma uvange neza.
Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe nuburyo bwo kwinjiza ikirere kumuvuduko wa 5 atm ukoresheje compressor hamwe nimbunda kuri plaster. Igice cya mbere cyakozwe cyoroshye (ahanini gitanga amazina yubuso bwa beto), icya kabiri kirabyimbye (Uru ni urwego rwo gushushanya). Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubunini rusange bwo gukingirwa bwari 2.5-3mm.
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Kurangiza imbere byinzu ya Spartski biroroshye: inkuta zari zuzuyemo ibihangano byoroheje-byerekana ibimenyetso. Ku kibaho, Phaneur 12mm umubyimba kandi asebya inkoni ya sk cork (Corkart) yarayobye, bahezaga ibice byabo bidasanzwe (27, 28). Shyushya amatafari yamatafari yo munzu (Imbere n'inyuma n'inyuma isohoka mubyumba bitandukanye) kandi bishyirwaho munsi ya Windows Amashanyarazi.
Ndashimira Windows yagutse hamwe n'intama zimenetse mu nzu itara (29). Imiyoboro y'amazi (amazi atangwa mu iriba) na sewage (imiyoboro yinjiye muri tank ya ererete) yashyizwe muburyo bufunguye (30).
Ibidukikije nubukungu
Bitandukanye n'Uburayi, aho ubushake bwo gukoresha mu kubaka ibidukikije byibanze ku bidukikije, kandi umubare w'amababi wasanzwe ubarwa n'ibihumbi, mu gihugu cyacu, mu gihugu cyacu, ntaho bikoresha ibidukikije. Impamvu ni yoroshye - abaterankunga benshi bizera ko bazatanga bihenze cyane. Ariko mubyukuri biratanga umusaruro mwinshi?
Twasabye iki kibazo gusubiza nyir'urugo, hafi bivugwa mu ngingo. Ibi nibyo yavuze: "Niba tugereranije ibiciro bya cork aglomarate (amafaranga ibihumbi 12) hamwe nubwoya bwa minerval (1800-7000Rub. Kuri 1m3), kuzamuka bisa nkibyingenzi. Ariko birakenewe cyane yo kwigana mu gaciro k'umugaragaro. Byongeye kandi gusa. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha icyuma byatumye bishoboka kureka igikoresho cyimishinga (kandi iyi ni imbaho), yakoze igihe gito -Ubwishyu bwinzu. I, byanze bikunze, ariko nagerageje kubara, irazimya, irazimya, ko ubwiyongere nyabwo bwikiguzi cyose cyubwubatsi harimo 8-10%. "
Ibisobanuro byahinduwe kwa mbere
2. Koridor 11m2.
3. Icyayi 6,4M2
4. Icyumba cyo kubaho 17m2
5. Ubwiherero 3,2m2
6. Icyumba cyo kuraramo 8.9m2
7. igikoni 7.9m2
Ibisobanuro by'igorofa ya kabiri
2. Icyumba cyo kuraramo + Inama y'Abaminisitiri 18,2M2
3. Wardrobe 6.1m2
4. Ubwiherero 3.2m2
5. Icyumba cya 8.2M2
6. Icyumba cyo kuraramo 9,3m2
Nkuko tubibona, gushimira biterwa no gukoresha ijambi yumuhanda aho gukoresha ibindi bigo bizwi, byagaragaye ko bitari byiza. Kuraho cyangwa bito birareka abantu bose bifuza kubaka inzogera, bireba.
Ubuyobozi bwa EADITORY burashimira isosiyete "cork center" kugirango ifashe mugutegura ibikoresho.