Mugusoma mu nzu, benshi bashaka gusimbuza ibikoresho byo gushyushya kera, bitameze neza "isura", nshya - nziza - nziza, yo hejuru, rimwe na rimwe, ndetse no mu mico. Ariko icyarimwe hariho ingorane zimwe zitibagirwa. Kuri bo no kuvuga ingingo yacu
Gusana munzu, benshi bashaka gusimbuza ibikoresho byo gushyushya kera, bitameze neza "isura", nshya - nziza - nziza, yoherewe cyane, rimwe na rimwe, rimwe na rimwe, ndetse no mu mico. Ariko icyarimwe hariho ingorane zimwe zitibagirwa. Ohch kandi tubwire ingingo yacu
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Umushinga wa Creal tubular (1), washyizwe muri koridoro, akora nk'inzitizi yizewe mu nzira yo mu kirere gikonje ituruka ku rugi rwinjira.
Moderi isa nibintu byubuhanzi, kurugero, hamwe nigishusho cyiza (2) cyangwa bisa nigikoresho cya muzika cyumwimerere gikorwa cya charrome (3), zirashobora kugira icyarimwe imiyoboro yamashanyarazi kandi zikaba imitako idasanzwe yicyumba cyangwa Murugo.
Gira ubushishozi!
Gutangira gusana, benshi ntibazirikana ko urwenya rubi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hagati. Abakiriye inzu nyinshi zo mu gihugu mu gihugu cyacu barandagiye bahoze, bashizweho n'abamwubatsi bakodesha, kandi akenshi banganaga nijisho. Ahantu hatandatu "bateri" zifata imigezi ikomeye kandi nziza cyangwa imidugararo, baguzwe na nyirubwite cyangwa bahabwa akazi nabantu bo mu isoko ryubwubatsi cyangwa muri sosiyete idasanzwe yubushyuhe. Muri icyo gihe, nta muntu, nk'ubutegetsi, ntabwo akemura gahunda yo gutegura urugo (kuyobora isosiyete) kugira ngo babone uruhushya rwo gusenya ibishaje kandi bishyiraho ibikoresho bishya byo gushyushya.
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4
5. Radiator vu (an-trax) ikozwe mumasahani yicyuma yicyuma yaciwe na laser. Urucandi rwe rusa n'umuriro.
6. Imbere ya minib yubujyanama ya minib ikorwa nikirahure cyamabara (hariho na none iva mumyambarire nkibuye risanzwe).
Kuvugurura icumbi ryabo, abantu bahita bibagirwa ibyahinduwe muri sisitemu yo gushyushya. Abagize amahirwe, babaho nibikoresho bishya kugeza igihe cyo gusana. Utagerwaho neza kubunararibonye bwabo menya aho impanuka ari uburyo bwo gushyushya mu nyubako yububiko bwisumbuye kandi ni izihe ngaruka zayo zibera mu gihe amagorofa yo hejuru, mugihe ntanumwe mubakodesha). Niba umugezi washinzwe ubucuruzi usenyutse kandi kubera ibi, abaturanyi bari buzuye, abahohotewe barashobora gukira nyirubwite, aho igikoresho kidafunze, umubare wingenzi - kuva mubihumbi byinshi kugeza kuri miriyoni nyinshi. Bazagerageza rero kwishyuza ibyangijwe numutungo wabo, kandi mugihe kimwe, ibyago byatewe nubuzima bwabantu baba munzu. Urwenya rw'impanuka rugomba gukoresha amafaranga no gusana amazu yayo, aho ibintu byinshi bizashyirwa mu kaga biterwa n'ingaruka zo gutema no gutemba amazi abira.
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Imirasire mishya igomba guhura nibipimo bya sisitemu yo gushyushya, bitabaye ibyo ibibazo birashobora kuvuka. Rero, hamwe na PH ya com of coolant yumuyoboro muri radiator ya aluminium, ruswa (a) igaragara vuba; Kudahuzagura cyangwa igitutu cya Crimping cyangwa Gukora Imbaraga Ziranga Igikoresho zirashobora kuganisha ku isura ya crack (b, b), hamwe nigitutu gityaye - kurimbuka kwa radiator (g).
Nk'uko itegeko rya guverinoma ya Federasiyo y'Uburusiya ryo ku ya 13 Kanama 2006. N 491, sisitemu yo gushyushya mumujyi inyubako ndende, harimo ibikoresho byose bishyushya, ni umutungo rusange murugo. Isosiyete ishinzwe imicungire ishinzwe imikorere yayo. Hatabayeho uruhushya, impinduka zose mugushushanya sisitemu yo gushyushya ntibyemewe - ni ukurenga ku mategeko. Kubwibyo, niba igikoresho cyo gucuruza kitemewe cyarasenyutse kandi impanuka yashizwemo, inshingano zamafaranga yingaruka zacyo zikurikiza amategeko yabantu yakoraga ishyari ridasobanutse.
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Gushushanya Ibishushanyo: Umurongo (CORDIVARI) (7), Intomic (8), Silouhette (CORDivari) (10), Makura (Ad HOC) (11).
Niba Umwuzure wabaye kubera ibikorwa bitazi gusoma no kwandika byatumiwe na nyir'ubwite (urugero, gushyira ikonjesha ku muyoboro mushya, yakuyeho ikonjesha, kandi nk'igisubizo), kuri Guhatira iyi wizard yumusozi kugirango yishyure igihombo cyawe muburyo bwemewe nabwo ntibuzatsinda. Ibikoresho byo gushyushya akenshi bihindura ibyo bita impuguke kuva "brigade mpuzamahanga" cyangwa guhiga kubwinyongera yo kwinjiza amazi muri sosiyete ishinzwe imiyoborere. Erekana icyaha cyabo mu rukiko bizagorana cyane, kuko bitemeza ko hashyirwaho imirasire ya Radiator kandi ntizisoza amasezerano yanditse, kandi imbere y'abakozi b'amategeko banze kungira, bivuga kwibuka gato ...
Ikirego cyumuryango wubucuruzi aho waguze radiator nacyo ntigishobora kuba bidafite ishingiro: Ibigo nkibi birafatwa kugirango bishyiremo ibikoresho byo gushyushya bigurishwa nabo mumazu yasanwe. Gusa muburyo budasanzwe mu bigo byubucuruzi urashobora gusaba inzobere mu byifuzo byihariye (amazi amwe), cyangwa isosiyete ishinzwe inteko igice - yabakureho niba nta cyo bizabaho.
Ariko, ndetse nshyirahamwe yihariye yinteko mugihe habaye impanuka, nkitegeko, ntibutinyuka. Ntabwo bavugana nisosiyete y'imisoro - abakozi babo bahora batanga nyiri inzu yigenga yemera ko mugihe cyo kwinjiza radesi nshya cyangwa ubujura budahagarika RASER. Ingwate kubikorwa byabo (biri kumurimo, ntabwo igenewe igikoresho cyo gushyushya hamwe nibigize bikenewe kugirango bashyireho) batanga imyaka 1-3.
Igitekerezo cy'umwuga
Ba nyiri benshi mu nzu, kugura imirasire y'ibice, ntutekereze ko ibyo bikoresho bigomba kubahiriza ibiranga tekiniki uburyo bagomba gukora. Niba imiterere yimikorere ya radiyo idasubiza ibipimo byerekanwe nuwabikoze muri seriviserport, garanti kuri bo ntabwo ikurikizwa. Kurugero, kimwe mubintu byingenzi imikorere ni agaciro gahuye k'ibimenyetso bya hydrogen (PH). Iki kimenyetso kigira ingaruka mubuzima bwa serivisi yumuriro, kuko coolant ikaze isenya inkuta zabakusanya. Kuva muri sisitemu yo gushyushya hagati, agaciro ka PH ntabwo ari kurekurya, ni ngombwa guhitamo radiator irinzwe na ruswa, ni ukuvuga ingaruka zikoza rikonje. Kubikorwa byubusa, birasabwa gukoresha urumuri rwa BimetIc - hamwe na Steel Vertical na bakumbi. Kimwe cya kabiri Bimbeators ni minus ebyiri: ubushyuhe buto bwurupfundikizo cya buri gice (kubera ko imishinga yubushyuhe ihinduka munsi ya aluminium) hamwe na baluminium. Ariko, hariho ibitavuzwe. Kurugero, mubwami bwa Royalmo (Ubutaliyani) hari umusaraba wa biliner inox hamwe numufasha w'icyuma. Itanga uburinzi ntarengwa muri sisitemu yo gushyushya hagati yubukonje hamwe nubukonje bukabije kandi ifite igishushanyo cya aerodynamic yemerera kongera ubushyuhe bushoboka. Nyirubwite azagura urumuri ruhenze, ariko rufite ubuziranenge uzakora imyaka myinshi kandi ntiyemewe ko atazamura ibibazo byihutirwa.Evgenia Millman, impuguke Ruklim
Ubwiza Mugihe cyawe
Nigute wahindura ibikoresho byo gushyushya utarenze ku itegeko ryo kudaha inshingano z'ingaruka z'impanuka zishobora kubaho kubera iyi mpinduro? Ubwa mbere, suzuma iki kibazo: imirasire cyangwa imidugararo mu nzu yawe barakora cyane, ahubwo bashaka kugura kandi uko wakoresheje amafaranga yawe. Amahitamo abiri arashoboka hano.
Mubyukuri, inzira yoroshye ni ugusimbuza igikoresho cyo gushyushya mumujyi inzu yo hejuru yinzu hamwe nibikoresho bya tekiniki, utanga icyerekezo gishya, cyomekaho ikonjesha (ni ukuvuga kumurikako gakondo kuri ikishaje). Hamwe no gusimbuza, ntabwo ari ngombwa guhindura pasiporo ya tekiniki yubuhanga bwinzu, bityo ntabwo ivugurura aho atuye. Ukurikije amategeko muri uru rubanza, uzaba uhagije kugirango ubone uruhushya rwanditse rwisosiyete yubuyobozi kugirango isenye kera kandi ishyireho igikoresho gishya cyo gushyushya (icyitegererezo cyihariye). Akazi gasabwa gukora inzobere mu kugaragaro cyangwa kwemezwa na sosiyete ishinzwe imiyoborere. Nyuma yo kurangiza imirimo, ugomba gukusanya igikorwa cyo kwemerwa, aho umukono wuhagarariye umuyobozi wa societe yubuyobozi hamwe na kashe yuyu muryango bigomba gushingwa.
Isosiyete yubuyobozi izagutegurira guhura? Kubwamahirwe, biragoye. Birashoboka ko abakozi bayo bashinzwe abakozi bayo bazokwishura mubyukuri ko batazahindura kumugaragaro ibikoresho byo gushyushya, kubera ko bidakenewe. Ariko birashoboka cyane ko utabonye uburyo bwo kwanga icyifuzo cyawe cyanditse. Nyuma ya byose, utegereze gusimbuza byemewe n'amategeko ibikoresho bishaje munzu yawe hamwe nibishya, utange isosiyete yubuyobozi mumafaranga yawe kugirango utezimbere imiterere ya tekiniki yinzu isanzwe yinzu. Igice cyacyo ntabwo cyumvikana kwanga gahunda nkiyi. Nibibazo byinshi byo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo gushyushya kera hamwe nibishya, ariko byinshi cyangwa guhindura imigenzo yinyongera yimiyoboro yo gutwara imiterere kuri bo (ni ukuvuga, hindura igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gushyushya itanga urugo rwawe ). "Kuzamura" sisitemu yo gushyushya bimaze kuvugurura ibibanza byo gutura, kandi hakurikijwe amategeko y'imiturire ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo risaba gushyira mu bikorwa impinduka zikwiye ku nzu. Yemerewe mbere yo gutangira akazi nkako, birakenewe kubona "urumuri rwatsi" rutava mu nzego z'ibanze, ariko mu muryango wemerewe gutanga uruhushya nk'irwo.
Kurugero, mu murwa mukuru kugirango uhuze ivugurura rikenewe mubugenzuzi bwa leta ya Moscou (Moszilopesics). Abascovites bashaka kongera imbaraga zo gushyushya cyangwa kubishyigezeho, bakeneye kubanza kwakira inama yubusa kuri iki kibazo muri iki kibazo muri "Idirishya rimwe" rya Moszilosction. Ibi birashobora gukorwa mu karere k'ubuyobozi, aho inzu iherereye aho ivugurura riteganijwe. Inzobere mu igenzura izasobanura Ni izihe nyandiko zikenewe kugirango zibone uruhushya rwo gukora akazi mukibazo cyawe, kandi ni izihe cyemezo kizakenerwa. Niba utaramenyesheje igisubizo cyumvikana, kugiti cyawe kuvugana numubiri wa leta, ohereza ibaruwa hamwe nitangazo ryibiganiro byangiza neza imigambi yawe. Noneho urubanza rushobora kuva aho yapfuye.
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12. Arbonia tubulator ya arbonia ikozwe mubyuma.
13. Fata Icyuma (Gutakaza) Nostalji Igorofa (Sanica Dokum Radyator).
14. Ntabwo bikwiye imbere yimbere, gushyushya bikunze guhishwa na ecran yo gushushanya bikozwe mu kirahure cyangwa mu giti hamwe n'ibiti bihuriweho bya plastike. Nubwo kwiyerekana mubisanzwe (kugeza 30%) bigabanya ubushyuhe bwakado mucyumba.
Ariko menya ko kubyemerera guhindura ikinyabupfura muburyo bwa sisitemu yo gushyushya, nko kwimura imirasire ya loggia cyangwa balkoni, ntuzakira mubihe byose. Na none ibikoresho byo gushyushya cyane cyangwa "kuyobora" mu mbibi z'ibyumba bishyushye birashobora gusa kuzuza gusa uyu mushinga wumvikanye n'inzego z'ubugenzuzi. Icyitso, ubwiyongere bw'imbaraga za Radiator bugomba guhuza n'umuryango w'umushinga ari we wanditse umushinga wa sisitemu yo gushyushya urugo rwawe, cyangwa uzamusimbura, kandi niba atari ubuhanga bwongeyeho tekinike. Kurugero, ibaruramari rya tekiniki ryimpinduka ziri mu murwa mukuru wakozwe na Biro y'Umujyi wa Tekinike hashingiwe ku gikorwa cyemejwe na Moszhilisation yo kuvugurura kandi (cyangwa) hashyizweho ibintu byo guturamo / bidasubirwaho mu guturamo inyubako.
By the way, pasiporo ya tekiniki yinzu, ikubiyemo amakuru yibanze yerekeye uburyo bushyushya no gushyushya ibikoresho, mugihe habaye abafite imitungo yose mu nyubako nshya, tutibagiwe nabatuye urufatiro rwa kera. Ariko, inyandiko nkiyi irakenewe rwose kubagiye guhindura imiterere ya sisitemu yo gushyushya amafaranga yabo. . Moscou. ")
Wibuke ko gushinzwe kuvugurura mu buryo butemewe mu nzu yawe, cyane cyane impinduka mu gishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gushyushya (iki kintu gishobora gushyirwaho, kubyemera, iyo ugurisha, kungurana ibitekerezo), birashobora guhanwa. Rero, inshingano z'ubuyobozi ku bantu kuba bavugurura aho kuvugurura bitemewe (harimo no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo gushyushya nta muturage) bisobanura, cyane cyane umushahara ugera kuri 25 (umushahara muto). Nyir'inzu irimo kuvugurura mu buryo butemewe nabyo byakorwaga birashobora kandi gutegeka kugarura amoko ya mbere. Amazu yimiturire ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya atanga ibihano bikomeye cyane kuba inyubako zo guturamo zitatanzwe muri leta yabanjirije (niba kuvugurura bitemewe). Nyir'ibibanza bikangisha kugurisha amazu ye (icyarimwe, azishyura amafaranga avuye ku rwego rw'amafaranga amafaranga make akoreshwa mu buryo buke bwo kurangiza icyemezo cy'urukiko, kandi nyirubwite azagira uruhare mu igorofa mu gace kambere ). Amazu atwara amasezerano yimiturire, n'umukoresha mushya (cyangwa nyirayo) azakenera gusubiza iki kibanza cyo guturamo.
Gusimbuza hamwe n'amazu n'ibikorwa. Kuki?
Ntiwibagirwe ko bishoboka gusimbuza ibikoresho bishaje byo gushyushya ibishya bitarenze urupapuro ruringaniza rugizwe na sosiyete ishinzwe imiyoborere, itanga ibikorwa. Mugihe kimwe, hari ikintu kimwe: Ugomba kwerekana ko radiator yashizwe munzu yawe cyangwa mugihe cya kabiri mbere itagikora. Impamvu zishoboka: Kutubahiriza ubucucike bwubushyuhe mucyumba gishyushye kubera amakosa mugushushanya, kwishyiriraho no gukora na sisitemu yo gushyushya; guhungabanya ubukana bwibikoresho byo gushyushya; Iherezo ryubuzima bwa serivisi.Ishingiro ryanyuma rikoreshwa cyane. Inyungu zobashya muri twe 58-88 (p) "amabwiriza ku mitunganyirize n'imyitwarire yo kwiyubaka, gusana no gufata neza inyubako zo guturamo, ibigo by'abaturage ndetse n'umuco", byashyizweho n'umuco bya Gosstroy by'ishyirahamwe ry'Uburusiya muri Nzeri 27, 2003. N 170 "Kwemeza amategeko n'ibikoresho by'ibikorwa bya tekiniki by'ikigega cy'imiturire", shiraho imitwaro yo mu rugo ubuzima bw'imyaka 15-40.
Igitekerezo cy'umwuga
Igikoresho cyo gushyushya uteganya gushira munzu yawe aho kuba abubatsi bashizwemo nubaka cyangwa isosiyete yo kuyobora irashobora kumenyekana nkibikoresho bya tekiniki, niba imbaraga za tekiniki, hamwe nigitutu cyakazi Igikoresho cyo gushyushya, cyerekanwe muri pasiporo ya tekinike, gihuye neza nindangagaciro zavuzwe mumushinga wa sisitemu yo gushyushya urugo rwawe. Mugihe coolant muri sisitemu yo gushyushya inzu yujuje ibisabwa 4.8 "Amategeko agenga tekinike ya sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi hamwe na Federasiyo y'Uburusiya", ibikoresho byo gushyushya mu Burusiya ", Ibikoresho bishya byo gushyushya bigomba kubahiriza mu bipimo bikurikira:
Vitaly Sasin, Umuyobozi wa Siyansi na tekiniki "
Ibi bivuze ko muri sisitemu yo gushyushya gushyuha, imirasire yicyuma igomba guhinduka nyuma yimyaka 40, hamwe nibisaga na stal nabajyanama - mumyaka 30. (Muri sisitemu ifunguye, niba hakiriho, igihe imikorere yibi bikoresho itoroshye: kubibabi na feri-icyuma - kandi ibyo ukeneye byose.) Kandi icyo ukeneye cyose kugirango ukore Muri iki gihe - muburyo busanzwe bwuzuza ko isosiyete yo kuyobora izasimburwa bidatinze nashyushya. Nyuma ya byose, nkuko tumaze kuvuga, sisitemu yuzuye mu nyubako yo mu mijyi itazamuka, harimo no gushyushya ibikoresho, ni umutungo usanzwe winzu. Imyanzuro ya AIZ ya gare yumunsi wu Burusiya yo ku ya 27 Nzeri 2003. N 170 "Kwemeza amategeko n'ibikoresho by'ibikorwa bya tekiniki by'ikigega cy'imiturire" Bikurikira ko gusimbuza ibintu byihariye bya sisitemu yo gushyushya (birimo imizigo). Kunanirwa muri societe yubuyobozi cyangwa gutinda bidafite ishingiro mugushyira mubikorwa nkibi ni ukurenga kubuyobozi mubuhanzi. 7. 22 muri code yubuyobozi. Menyesha ikirego kumusozi wumujyi wawe, birashoboka cyane ko watangijwe no gusana. Niba ukomeje kwanga, ushize amanga kuyobora ikirego ku biro by'ubushinjacyaha.
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15-20. Igiciro cya demokarasi n'icyitegererezo cyizewe cya Radioters gikwiriye ibipimo nigikoresho cya tekiniki cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo gushyushya (nta guhindura ibicurane, mu nzu nyinshi z'urufatiro rwo guturamo (hiyongereyeho ku isoko ryatanzwe ku ifoto, isoko itanga ubundi buryo bwinshi). Kugirango igikoresho gishya kijyanye nigishushanyo cyicyumba, urashobora guhitamo ibara ukeneye - abakora bose batanze moderi kuruhande rwa ral. Nibyo, bakora akazi nkako muri gahunda (igihe - kuva ku minsi 14 kugeza 60) kandi bisaba urumuri rwibara ruzaba 10-25% bihenze kuruta umweru.
Niba ushobora kwerekana ko imirasire mu nzu yawe ari amakosa (urugero, yagaragaye ndetse no kuyisimbuza ako kanya. Muri icyo gihe, hakurikijwe impuguke zidafite ishingiro, zigomba gusimburwa gusa ku cyifuzo cyo kwishyura buri kwezi ku mutungo wose w'inyubako.
Ariko, byaba bishimishije kugirango utegereze ko ikintu cyubuhanzi cyagati cyashizwe kuri konte ya leta mu nzu yawe. Uzashyiraho igikoresho cyo gushyushya icyitegererezo kimwe na mbere. Ku mazu aho abasazi barashwe mu musaruro bashyizwe mu bihe byasogaga, umuryango ukora ubwawo uzahitamo igikoresho gishya cyo gusimbuza (birashoboka cyane ko bihendutse byo gushoboka). Ariko ubu buryo bwemeza ko mucyumba cyerekana ko radiator izasimburwa, izakomera mu gihe cy'itumba, kandi mugihe kidashobora kwishyura kugirango usane urugo rwawe hamwe namakuru.
Nigute ushobora kubona amahoro?
Niba umaze gusanga kandi ugashyiraho ibikoresho bishya byo gushyushya, ubagire aho baryamiye, kandi ishoramari ryacu mugutezimbere, hamwe nubushobozi bwabo kubandi bantu, uzumva ufite icyizere. Ubwishingizi, inshingano z'abaturage zirashobora kwishingikishwa cyangwa mu masezerano y'inyungu zihuriweho (ikubiyemo ubwishingizi bw'inzu n'imurinda mu gihugu, umutungo wo mu rugo ndetse ny'abaturage). Mubisanzwe, umuntu ubwe ahitamo amafaranga yubwishingizi biteganijwe kugaba igihombo ntarengwa. Igiciro gito cyubwishingizi bwumutungo wacyo i Moscou ni amafaranga miliyoni. n'imitako y'imbonezamubano kubanyagihugu kumpande zandindi moriyoni. (ni ukuvuga, inshingano zose z'isosiyete y'ubwishingizi ni amafaranga miliyoni 2) hamwe na francise y'ibihumbi 10. Ni amafaranga ibihumbi 8-12. ku mwaka kandi biterwa n'akarere k'inzu, hasi iherereye, imiterere y'imikorere y'icyumba n'ibindi bintu. Ariko, mubihe byihutirwa, byavutse biturutse ku bwigenge bwakoze imizigo, ubwishingizi, nk'itegeko, ntabwo byishyurwa.Cyangwa birashoboka ... ikiruhuko?
Muri iki gihe, ababumbyi benshi n'abashushanya bari kure yimishinga yose gusimbuza ibikoresho byo gushyushya, cyane cyane niba barimo gukora tekinike. Erega burya, birashoboka kwinjira mumurikali imbere, bashushanya ubushyuhe bwabo mumabara, bihuza na demor yinzu.
Imirasire irasabwa gusiga irangi hamwe nibihe bidasanzwe bya polymer bikomeza ingaruka ndende yubushyuhe burebure. Bikoreshwa mubuso bwerekanwe hamwe na anti-ruswa hamwe nibice bibiri bya barangi. Imirimo irakorwa mbere yigihembwe cyo gushyushya.
Iyo uhisemo ibara ryirangi, ibuka ko ibintu byijimye byazamuwe neza. Kurugero, kunyeganyega kw'igice cy'icyuma ms-140 mu ibara rya feza bizagabanya amabara yacyo kubera imirasire, kandi nkigisubizo, icyumba kizatangira ubushyuhe 10-15%. Kubwibyo, nyuma yo gushyushya igikoresho "disreadase" muburyo busa, icyumba gishobora gukonja mu buryo butunguranye.