Ibiranga tekinoroji yubwubatsi bwa Kanada kurugero rwo kubaka inzu yububiko hamwe hamwe na 299 M2. Inkuru yinyubako yinzu yinzu, itandukaniro riri hagati yubuhanga bwa Kanada kuva muburayi
Kera rimwe, mu byifuzo byo kubaka inzu ku ikoranabuhanga rya Kanada, twafashe bimwe mu bitari bisanzwe: "Iyi nzu ya Kanada". Ubu bukonje bwamamaza ni ubuhe? Twahamagariye kandi twumvise: "Inzu ni kanada rwose, harakozwe, hanyuma zizanwa hano, kandi hano izateranira." Ntabwo twashoboraga gusura aha nubwubatsi. Ao ni uko babibonye, babwirwa muri iyi ngingo.
Ijambo "Kanada" kubera uburinzi bwaryo riheruka kuba mu Burusiya ubwoko runaka bwo kudasobanuka ... Rero, ntatekereje, bita ibitekerezo, bitaye ku nyubako zubatswe hakurikijwe ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye. Aristo ni iki, ni inzu ya Kanada?
Kuki inzu yinzu yitwa Kanada?
Igihe abimukira ibihumbi by'Uburayi bagiye gutsinda ibihugu bishya byo muri Amerika na Kanada, tekinoroji ya none yarokotse ivuka rya kabiri kandi koroshya. Ibice, ibiti no gutangaza igice gito cyambukiranya kimwe cyambukiranya kimwe cya kabiri cyimbaho, cyatangiye kubiba kumpande ebyiri nimpande zose, kandi mukazi - gusurwa nibikoresho byoroshye (urugero, hop cones). Ibisabwa byo kwimuka buhoro buhoro baturutse mu burasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba, hagaragaye indwara nk'iyi: Ikoranabuhanga ryemerewe gusenya burundu inzu, tugashyira mu magare, hanyuma tukakusanya ahantu hashya. Umucamanza, amaze kubura gukenera gutembera hamwe n'amazu, abantu basanzwe bakomeza kubaka inyubako ku rwego rworoshye kandi rwubukungu, rwahuye na Amerika na Kanada kandi bakabaho hano mu binyejana byinshi.
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1. Ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'abaterankunga babayeho mu mazi yubatse: yashyizeho urujijo rudasanzwe (Itumanaho ry'ubwubatsi ryashyizwe munsi yacyo), hejuru ya kaseti n'inkingi zikozwe mu matafari.
2. Kandi hejuru yashyizwe ahagaragara hamwe na karuterere: Yuzuyemo uburyo bwo gukuraho, bufata kurukuta hamwe nudukoni twinshi.
3. Inkingi za mbere kumurongo wamazi washyizeho ibitaramo "nyamukuru".
4.Cyrrpic yo munsi ya kasekuru binyuze mumwanya wa Anker ofchooonga yometseho inteko yaciwe antiye.
Chxxv., Nyuma yintambara ya kabiri yisi yose, gusimbuka gukabije byabaye mugutezimbere ikoranabuhanga ryinyubako yinyubako yinyubako. Abantu bakeneye amazu, kandi inzu y'ibiti yimbaho yemeye benshi gukemura iki kibazo. Iterambere mubikenewe ryateje imbere iterambere rishya. Guverinoma ya Kanada yashoye muri bo amafaranga menshi muri kiriya kandi akomeza kubikora kugeza ubu. Niyo mpamvu uburyo bwinshi nibikoresho bigezweho byakoreshejwe muri iki gihe kugirango yubakwe ibyumba byimbaho, bivumburwa no kubanza kwinjizwa muri Kanada. Ikiranga amazu nkako ku isi ya Canadascular yisi, ijambo rigenwa nigishushanyo, ntabwo ari inyuma yuwabikoze. Kuva muri Kanada, ikoranabuhanga rifatizo ryaguye mu Burayi kandi ryongeye kurengana neza. Muri icyo gihe, Abanyaburayi ntibagurijwe gusa, ariko batezimbere verisiyo ya Kanada. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibitekerezo bibiri byo kubaka amazu yimbaho kubana kwisi.
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5-7. Ibitaramo bikwiranye no guhagarika ibyuma byurubuga rwuzuye buva mu kibaho cya 23538mm (bikaba byaramenyekana no guhubuka ibiti). Ikadiri yashyizwe kumurongo hamwe na etage ikomeye muri osp-slack hamwe nubwinshi bwa 18mm.
8. Ku epfo ya etage-slabs yateje ibiranga, byorohereza inteko yibice bigize igishushanyo kimwe nigishushanyo cyayo. Igishushanyo cya mbere cyakusanyirijwe cyahindutse urukuta runini rwibyumba bibiri bizima hamwe na Windows nyinshi hamwe na bomber.
Inzira ebyiri kugeza ku ntego imwe
Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kubaka tekinoroji yikoranabuhanga mu nyubako birashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda abiri: ikadiri n'impapuro. Ku bagaragaje bwa mbere (muburyo butandukanye, bwitwa gufungura ikoranabuhanga) mu ruganda, urutonde rwibipimo byakusanyirijwe hamwe bifite trine hamwe nimpande imwe-hanze yatanzwe. Igisenge no mu mirima yagaruwe nabyo bizanwa n'isahani y'ibikoresho. Kuva ku munwa n'imirima ahazubakwa, urwego rw'inzu rwakusanyijwe, icyo gihe cyakemutse (icyarimwe, kwinjiza imbere birinzwe n'imyuka na trim). Ikipe yubaka yubaka aho inyubako ya 200m2 yamezi 1.5-2. Ikoranabuhanga rya Urwego (Bifatwa nkibya kera) byagabanijwe muri Amerika na Kanada.
Ihitamo rya Frate-panel (cyangwa tekinoroji ya panels) irangwa nuko ibikoresho byuruganda biteguye rwose imbata zishingiye kurukuta no guhuzagurika. Bateraniye hamwe ku kiti, ariko ntirweguke kandi zikabazwa hanze no imbere. Ku rubuga rwo kubaka, iyi SANES ikomeza gukubitwa. Kusanya inzu ya 200m2 muri ubu buryo birashoboka ku byumweru 1.5-2. Ikoranabuhanga ry'ikirere rikunzwe mu Burayi.
Pneumatic inyundo
Nibyiza kuki mubihugu nkibi byateye imbere, nka Kanada, ntukoreshe ikoranabuhanga rifunze. Biragaragara ko ibintu byose biri mu mategeko akomeye yo kwakira inzu, bikozwe n'ubugenzuzi bwa leta ya Kanada. Ibi bibaho mugihe ikadiri yateranijwe, ibisumizi byashyizwemo kandi bitwikiriwe na membrane kumpande zombi (zikora itapi ikomeye kubera uruhu rwa kashe), ariko nta mugozi wimbere. Umugenzuzi azana kuri buri cyiciro cya panel kandi agakurikirana imiterere yacyo ukoresheje ubushyuhe. Kudashaka gushyingirwa, gushyira umukono mubikorwa. Icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kwemerwa gikorwa mugihe inzu yiteguye kubyara, kandi irakomeye kuruta iyambere. Shyiramo "Damaper", ufite pompe, yazamutseho umwuka, akora icyuho. Inspector inoti, ku muvuduko umwuka usubira mu bice. Niba ibi bibaye byihuse kuruta uko bivugwa, ntabwo bishyira umukono ku gikorwa cyo kwemerwa. Ni ngombwa kugira ngo ufungure umugenzuzi wo gusinya? Ntabwo hazabaho umukono, banki izahita ihagarika gutera inkunga. Biragoye? Ariko ni byiza cyane! No mu Burayi nta bugenzuzi bukabije, bityo tekinoroji yo gufunga yiganje hano.
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9-11. Kuringaniza byakusanyirijwe mubintu byinshi kandi bihambiriye intangarugero membrane (9) kuri yo kugirango uwanyuma yishyure neza (10). Urukuta rwari rwometse ku igorofa (11).
Inzu y'ibikoresho
Inzu nyayo rero, inzu ya Kanada irakusanyijweho ukoresheje urutonde-ikadiri hamwe na sranels panel hamwe nimirima yinganda yinganda. Urashobora gutumiza ukoresheje umushinga usanzwe (urahendutse, kubera ko hari inyandiko zikenewe. Cyangwa umuntu ku giti cye (uburyo bwa kabiri burasanzwe).
Ngomba kubivuga muri Kanada, ibigo binini byo kubaka inzu biragerageza kutagarukira gusa kugirango utange imirongo, inzugi, ubushishozi, ubushuhe, amasahani, igisenge Ibikoresho It.p Gura ibintu byose ahantu hamwe bifite akamaro gusa kuberako bihendutse cyane. Nyir'ubwite yeruye, kuko isosiyete imwe ishinzwe kubyara. Ishem uzakusanya inzu, nayo irahuye. Masters ifungura ikintu cyazanywe mumodoka (ibice byinzu hamwe n'akarere ka 200m2 kuri byinshi) hamwe nubufasha bukoreshwa muri supermarkets, barcode kuva buri gice soma mugihe cyo gupakurura hamwe nibipakira byakozwe. Nkigisubizo, bazi neza ibicuruzwa bingana nibyo.
Ibi byakozwe n'abamwubatsi ba Weibroe Urugo Gereranya y'urugo (Uburusiya), babonye kontineri bageze hanze y'inyanja bafite ibisobanuro birambuye, byakorewe mu ngo za Visiroy (Kanada). Indi nkuru zacu ni uburyo mu mudugudu w'umudugudu wabatse ubuso bwa 299m2. Byongeye kandi, igice kinini cyerekanwe kumafoto, kandi inyandiko isobanura gusa ibintu byihariye byo murugo rwa Kanada.
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12. Nyuma yo kunganirwa neza, akanama kashyizweho muri uyu mwanya ukoresheje amato yimbaho yigihe gito, azanwa nimpera imwe kugeza kumwanya wumurongo, abandi bogeje hasi.
13. Gushiraho ikibaho kugirango aho bigabanuke byo kuborohereza byakoreshejwe muburyo bwa etage.
14. Itangazamakuru ryegeranijwe kandi rishyirwaho mumwanya ugororotse intebe ikurikira. Ikadiri yacyo yazimye hamwe nikadiri yamaze gushyirwaho, gusaba imisumari hamwe na screw.
15-17. Shyira inyuma yitsinda- hamwe ninyuma (15) (15) zarashushanyije bwa mbere, hanyuma inkuta imbere yinzu (16). Muburyo bwo guhuza ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi, ibintu byemewe kubyara byarabaye. Inkunga ikomeye cyane ishyigikiye cyane ni urwego rwo gusenya ejo hazaza (17).
Ibiranga
Ikiranga 1: Urufatiro. Kenshi na kenshi muri Kanada (kandi vuba aha mu Burusiya) Ubwoko bwa Fondasiyo ni umukandara muto wororoka, kandi monolithic irashimangirwa. Kaseti iri muriyo iherereye gusa kurukuta rwo hanze (hafi ya perimetero yinzu). Inkingi zikomeye (intera iri hagati yabo ntabwo zirenze 3m) zibera inkunga yinkuta zimbere. Uburebure bw'imyenda n'inkingi byatoranijwe hamwe no kubara kugirango mu mwanya uri munsi yubwiherero bushobora kwimura umuntu mu bwisanzure.
Gukora "techpodolone", ukurikirane intego ebyiri. Ubwa mbere, kuba muri yo, abakozi bazashyirwaho umusoro (uwanyuma ushobora gushyirwaho nyuma yikadiri kandi igisenge cyinzu cyiteguye, bitabaye ibyo hariho ibyago ko ibikoresho birinda). Icya kabiri, bizatanga amahirwe igihe icyo aricyo cyose cyo kugenzura ibishushanyo biri munsi yurwego rwo gukosorwa.
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18-20. Iyo inkuta zamagorofa ya mbere zarashizweho rwose, abakozi bayobowe na Vitalist y'Umunyakanada batangiye kwinjizamo ingufu z'amashanyarazi yo kurenganya, bigizwe n'ibihe by'ibiti birebire, binyuranyije n'inkingi (18) n'inkunga ya inkingi ( 19). Ibiti bikozwe mu biti bya LVL bifatanye n'umwanda mwinshi (bisa na paneur), amashanyarazi - kuva mu biti bya PSL byahanze imitsi (20).
Mu rubanza, urufatiro nk'urwo ntirushobora gushyirwaho kubera urwego rwo hejuru rwamazi. Kubwibyo, abashushanya n'abamwubatsi bakoresheje igisubizo cyumwimerere: Yubatswe monolicre ya monolitrene 80mm ndende) isahani ya 0.7m (yerekeye igikoresho cyimfatiro, 2008, N 11), hanyuma ashyirwa mu mbaga y'agatani n'inkingi. Mbere yo gutangira iteraniro ryurugo, kuri kaseti hanze yumurima utagira amazi. Yahujwe no ku isi hose munsi y'ifatizo ry'ifatizo, bityo arinda byimazeyo umwanya "Techseproi" kuva mu bwinjiriro bwubutaka.
Ikiranga 2: Inzu yo mu rugo murugo. Muri Nakanad, uburyo bwo gupima ibipimo (santimetero) butangwa. Ibi bishyiraho ubunini bwinyubako ubwayo gusa, ahubwo yarumishijwe n'ubushuhe bwa 15% by'ibiti bya Saw. Rero, ikadiri y'urukuta rufite yashizweho mu mbaho 14038mm (santimetero 62), ikadiri y'ibice hamwe na charms 89g (santimetero 42), bikusanyirijwe hamwe mu mwanya) - 23538mm (santimetero 102).
Nibyiza ko ikadiri idatunganijwe. Kubikoresho byumye, iki gikorwa gifatwa nkibidafite akamaro: Nyuma yimyaka 5-6 ku giti, nta kimenyetso cyerekana ingaruka zose ku giti, kandi ntizishobora kongera kunongera. Ibidasanzwe nibice byimbaho biri kumuhanda (ibiti namaterasi), ndetse no guhura na beto (akarere gake): biracyaterwa na biocide organic (Quaternaine Alkaline Umuringa).
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21-22. Kleken Abamwubatsi bashizweho byoroshye, kandi bakazamura imiti miremire miremire kuva LVL (21), winch yafashe. Ibitaramo byahinduwe (22) muri iki gice ni munsi cyane ugereranije noroheje kandi byoroshye, kandi abakozi barabarera cyane.
23-26. Nyuma y'imbaraga zo kurenganya, abakozi bashyize ibiti-lags hamwe n'igice cyambukiranya 23538mm. Impera imwe yimperuka yabo yari ishingiye kurukuta, iya kabiri yambutse imipaka yimibare yububasha akoresheje ibyuma hamwe na screw yikubita hasi (23,24). Hejuru y'ikirere, hari amasahani akoresheje ubunini bwa 18mm. Muri icyo gihe, ibiti by'ibiti byubwoko bubiri byashyizwe hagati yikimenyetso hagati yimikorere ya gikomeye (ubwoko bwikibanza bisabwa byasobanuwe ku cyiciro cyagenwe): Ubwoko bw'ikibanza bukenewe bwasobanuwe ku rwego rwo gushushanya): Ubwoko bw'ikirere (25) na bukomeye (26) .
Ikiranga 3: Koresha ibikoresho byafashwe. Inkuta zo hanze zajugunywe nu masahani ya osb-irwanya ubushuhe (Ububiko bwa Strandl Strand, uko ahinnye yo mu Burusiya - OSP, I.Ibikoresho. Izi masahani nayo ikoreshwa mugukora igorofa nigisenge (umubyimba 18 na 16mm, muburyo).
Inkingi zerekana Imyambarire yaka ikozwe muri PSL-ibiti (ibiti bisa (ibikoresho kuva gukanda no gutondekanya chiple yinkwi. Imirasire yimyambarire yo kurengana na skate ikozwe muri lvl-bar (veminet veneer lumber) ishingiye kuri fibre zisa cyangwa aho fibre zibangikanye cyangwa perpendicular yicyerekezo (icyerekezo cyerekezo kigena imiterere yibikoresho).
Uravuga iki? Abanyakanada bazarinda ishyamba ryabo, aho kugira ibiti (harimo n'imbaraga zikomeye) neza kandi bikoreshwa cyane cyane ibikoresho byafashwe mubyo tumenyereye imyanda.
Ikiranga 4: Gusunika. Ntabwo tuzavuga ibimutwe neza koresha abandi bakora bo muri Kanada, no mu ngo zo mu rugo za Visioy bakoresha Johns Manville (USA) bashingiye kuri fiberglass. Umuyoboro wacyo ni 0.04w / (m c). Guhumeka kw'ibiti birimo 20% by'ikirahure cya kabiri, ariko nta formahyde, isimbuza inyeta yacyo hashingiwe kuri acrylic (ibikoresho bifite ibara ryera). Ubunini bw'amasuka mu rukuta rwo hanze ni 150mm, mu gice cy'imbere - 100mm, mu rwego rwo hasi - 200m (mu gisenge cya mbere - 2100m), mu gisenge "Pie" - 400m.
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27-28. Korohereza no gukora akazi keza ku kwishyiriraho imbaho z'inkike zo mu rukuta rw'igorofa ya kabiri, yashyizwe ku ngazi, yagejejweho akanama, ariko igashyikirizwaga. Nyuma yo kurangira, irasukuwe, isenyutse kandi irangi - muri iyi mfi for hamwe na ba nyir'inzu bazakira. Niba bashaka, basimbuza ubwabo. Abakozi ba Apokok bazamura akanama kuri yo hanyuma bagashyire ku rukuta rwa etage ya kabiri (28) n'ikoranabuhanga rimwe nkurukuta rwabanje.
29-32. Urupapuro rwabapasiko ruhagaze hagati yabo rwagizwe igipimo cya polytarp-super polyethylene (29.30). Ibi bikoresho birafitanye isano nibidukikije, bikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byubukerarugendo nibicuruzwa bipakira. Igihe bategura kwishyiriraho akanama ku rukuta rw'igorofa ya kabiri, ubushuhe busumbabuje ku gice cyabo cyo hepfo bwashyizweho hamwe na Nasha (nyuma yo kwishyiriraho ingabo) (31). Ibinyobwa, kugumana panel mumwanya uhagaze (29.32), yakuweho nyuma yo kurangiza igisenge
Ibiranga 5: Gutanga ibiganiro. Kugirango urinde imitungo yamakuru, bigomba kubanzwe byizewe mugucuranga no kwinjira mubushuhe. Mbere yo gushiraho imbaho mu mwanya, amajwi-hydro-yerekana ibimenyetso bya membrane tyvek homewrap (dupoont, Amerika) yashizweho kumurongo. Nyuma yinteko yinteko yingingo zifatanije nindwara na scotch idasanzwe. Kuva imbere, insiji irinda urwego rwibihuha. Ni intera ikozwe mumabere manini ya polyethylene hanyuma agabazwa na firime mubikoresho bimwe kumpande zombi. Nkigisubizo, insigi irahinduka nkuko bifunze murukuta. Bitewe nibi, ibyitwa ingaruka ya TheRome ivuka, itanga ibiranga ubushyuhe bwinshi bwimiterere.
Ibyerekeye Igishanga cy'Uburusiya
Iyo uteranya imbaho mu gishushanyo kimwe, wenda bigoye kubafunga, hanyuma usabe, ushyira imbunda ya pnekatic hamwe nisusu. Birashoboka ko kuri ibi muri Kanada haribikoresho byihariye (ibikoresho bya screw cyangwa imiyoboro ya clamps.p.). Kuruhuka imiterere yacu kubwiyi ntego, urutonde rwibintu bitatu byumwimerere byakoreshejwe. Umudozi wabikoze kuva kumurongo wa 30mmm kuri buri kibanza cyubaka muburyo busanzwe muminota 15. Byaragaragaye kandi bihendutse, nigikoresho gikwiye.
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Ariko nubwo byujuje ubuziranenge, ibihuha, amazi abiri (bahora bigaragara mubikorwa byibikorwa byabantu) biragaragara ko bidashoboka imbere yisuji. Ni mu rwego rw'amazu agomba gushyirwaho agahuje gahatirwa-guhubuka. Rero, muri Kanada, sisitemu yo gushyushya ikirere igoye ikoreshwa, harimo guhumeka no guhumeka. Ariko, abaterankunga murugo baracyanga gushyira mubikorwa nkibi, bikayitera igiciro kinini kandi urwego rwo hejuru rwurusaku rwatangajwe. Banze sisitemu ya chanical Ventical, igarukira nigikoresho cya hoods karemano mubwiherero nigikoni. Azry: Nyuma ya 5-7, ubushuhe bwegerejwe mubyerekeranye, bizabura imitungo, kandi ikadiri izatangira kubora.
Ibiranga 6: Imiterere. Imiterere yimbere yinzu ya Kanada nayo ifite ibintu byihariye. Kurugero, hari ibyumba bitwa. Niki? Freft yahinduwe mucyongereza isobanura "Inuma", "attic" cyangwa "sanal munsi yinzu". Iri jambo ryose ryatangiye gusinya ubwoko bwihariye (kandi ntabwo buhendutse) bwo guturamo, kongera kuba ibikoresho byahoze mu mahugurwa cyangwa ububiko. Abanyakanada kandi bavuga umwanya uherereye mu bwoko bwa balkoni y'imbere. Aho niho umuntu agwa, azamuka ingazi, hanyuma - muri kimwe mubyumba byo hasi. Amazu icyumba nkicyo ntabwo kandi akora nk'icyumba cy'ubuzima. Kuva hano urashobora kubona imbere yinzu, byumwihariko, kugirango tumenye ko bibera muri zone ihagarariye hasi (urugero, tutivanaho akazi, reba abana bakina hariya).
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33-34Mi hantu ho ku nzu yubatswe twasanze ari ingirakamaro cyane, mubitekerezo byacu, ibibi: Inkuta zamagorofa ya kabiri ahantu hamwe uzamuka hejuru ya cm 60 gusa. Nkigisubizo, munsi yimbere kuri bo ifite uburebure buto cyane kandi burashobora gukoreshwa usibye gukora ububiko (33.34). Iyi miterere ni gakondo yinzu ya Kanada aho igorofa ya kabiri iri munsi ya mbere.
35-38.Imiterere yakusanyijwe mumirima irangiye: W-imeze (35), mpandeshatu (36) cyangwa ahantu hasa (37), ahantu hashinzwe bahinduwe babiri. Kunoza amazi ya veranda (38) yakozwe nuburyo bwubwubatsi.
29-40. Umugabane wa Rafal washyizwe mu mababi ya Osp-, igice cy'amazi cyashyizwe kuri yo, hanyuma - Bitumen Yoroheje (39). Ikibuga cyo guhindukira hejuru kurukuta muri buri murongo wa tile washizwemo amatamico (40).
Ibiranga 7: Windows. Hano hari Windows imwe hamwe na argon yuzuza kandi yoroshye guhitamo E2. Izi madirishya muri Amerika na Kanada zahawe ikimenyetso cyinyenyeri yingufu, byerekana imirongo mike yubushyuhe ifitanye isano nabo. Birumvikana ko Panoramic Slazing, yakozwe ukoresheje inkubi y'agaciro, akeneye ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ariko kubwibi, birahagije gushiraho imivugo idahwitse munsi yabo.
Ikiranga 8: Atic. Nkuko bidafite paradoxique, ariko munzu ya Kanada, igisenge kishamikijwe gikoreshwa gusa mugihe bidashoboka gukemura ikibazo cyo guhumeka mu buryo butandukanye. Rero, munzu birasuzumwa, yaremewe gusa mucyumba cy'ubuzima bubiri. Apode ahanini igisenge cyumurongo mwinshi kubera uburebure butari buke bwo kwishora mu mirima kandi bidafite akamaro ugereranije n'igisenge cy'imirima y'ibisenge (400mm), havutse umwanya wa stic. Numwanya wa gike, ntabwo ari igiti: kwimuka hano biragoye kubangamira imirima miremire hejuru yinyigisho zashyizwe mu 400mm. Guhumeka kuri iki cyumba bikorwa nuburyo bwa kera - Windows yubushakashatsi cyangwa grilles yashyizwemo imbere.
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41-43. Gushiraho idirishya rya pulasitike yo muri Kanada, abubatsi bakeneye gusa kubishyira hanze yinzu mugihe cyo gufungura, guhuza kandi bikabaho neza (kumwirondoro wa idirishya hafi, kandi amasahani yo kuzenguruka (42). Mugushyiraho Windows, abubatsi batangiye gushira ibisumizi, bitwikiriye ibihuha. Hejuru yacyo yashyizwe mu itumanaho rya PVC (43)
Ibiranga 9: Inyandiko. Amashanyarazi yubuvugizi bwashyizwe munsi yumye. Kubwibyo, nyirubwite mu bigize ibyangombwa ku nzu ntabwo ari pasiporo yubushyuhe na pasiporo yingufu (ikubiyemo ubushyuhe bwimiterere nimiterere yubushishozi), ariko kandi ikoresha igitabo cyigisha inyubako. Impanga zirimo amakuru yerekeye aho ibintu byihishe bigize ikadiri, insinga yinyoni yinyama, inshinga yubuvugizi, imbuga za interineti ni.p.
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44-49. Itumanaho ryubwubatsi ntabwo ryashyizwe ku rukuta gusa, ahubwo ryashyizwe mu gisenge (44). Ikigo, gihuza imiyoboro ishyuha, cyari icyumba cyo guteka (45), aho boari zisanzwe zashyizwe mu kirere. Kuva imbere munzu kugeza ku mbaho z'ibiti, imyirondoro ya sulvanize (46) yarajanjaguwe kandi irabajanjagura hamwe na plaque (47), Itumanaho. Hanze ya shingiro yashyizwe ahagaragara hamwe na Polystyrene Flowstrene (48) kandi yaremye umwijima ushyushye. Amasoko yibaraza na veranda byateguwe hamwe na beto ya screde (49).
50-51. Nk'uko umukiriya abisabwe, urukuta rugomba gusohoka rwo hejuru hamwe n'ifuro rya polystyrere (igiceri 30mm), cyashyizwe kuri gride ya plastike, hanyuma ihambiriwe ku ibuye rya plastike (50,51). Imbere yari yuzuye kandi itwikiriwe irangi ryoroheje.
Ikiranga 10: Igiciro cyibibazo. Igiciro cya 1m2 cyinzu ya Kanada ni amafaranga 27900. Ito, kuzirikana igishushanyo (900Rub. / M2), gukora no gutanga muri kontineri hejuru yinyanja (13500Rub. / M2), kubaka inyubako (M2), Engineering gaskes, harimo amashanyarazi, amazi meza kandi akonje kandi akonje hamwe namazi hamwe na boiler ya 4 yose / m2) nubutaka bwimbere mubukungu-amafaranga ibihumbi / m2 ).
Birashoboka cyane muri Kanada, 1m2 biracyari hasi nkinzu, bivuze ko bamaze guhitamo ikibazo cyamazu ahendutse. Ahari niba utangiza amategeko yigenga yubwubatsi, tuzaba dufite amacumbi meza kandi nziza?
Ibisobanuro byahinduwe kwa mbere
2. Tambour ............................................... ............ .6,9M2
3. Umusarani ....................................... ..,3m2.
4. Inama y'Abaminisitiri ............................................... .15M2.
5. Hall ............................................... .. ......... 7m2
6. Icyumba cyo kubaho .............................................. . .47.9M2.
7. Ubwiherero .................................... 22,3m2
8. Icyumba cyo kuriramo .............................................. ............... 15.3m2.
9. igikoni ............................................... ............ ....... 16.4m2
10. salle ............................................... .. ...... 3,4 m2
11. Kumesa .......................................... 4.1m2
12. Garage ............................................... .. ....6,1m2
13. Amaterasi atwikiriye .................................. 9.9M2
14. Gufungura amaterasi (bidashoboka) .............. 24m2
Ibisobanuro by'igorofa ya kabiri
2. Umucyo wa kabiri
3. Icyumba cyo kuraramo ............................................... .17.2M2
4. Icyumba cyo kuraramo ....................................... ............ .31,5M2.
5. Ubwiherero bwa Master ........................ 5,4M2
6. Nyir'urubuga ........................ 2.8m2
7. Wardrobe Hostess ........................ 2.8m2
8. Icyumba cyo kuraramo ............................................... ... 14,2m2
9. Ubwiherero ............................................... ... 4,5m2
Ubuyobozi bw'amabwiriza burashimira isosiyete "Weisroy Hohamz Gukwirakwiza" kugira ngo afashe mugutegura ibikoresho.