Ingamba zo Kubaka Icyumba cyigihugu: Amateka na Ingeso zigezweho, amahame yo kubaka inzu ikura kurugero runaka
Ibisobanuro byahinduwe kwa mbere
2. Tambour .................................. 2,3m2
3. Hall ...................................... 5.7m2
4. Igikoni .................................... 8m2
5. Icyumba cyo kuriramo - Icyumba cyo Guzima .............. 18.1m2
6. Ubwiherero ................................. 3,6m2
7. Icyumba cyo kubaho ..................... 7,6m2
Nigute "yakuze" ht htyMu Burusiya, igiti cyamye ari ibintu bihendutse. Yiyubatswe kuva ivuye mu bigo no mu matorero kugera ku mazu-iv. Nigute abakurambere bacu bari?
Ishingiro ry'inzu. Ishingiro ry'inyubako yo guturamo yari akazu kaciwe - akazu kane-trigonal. Amakamba yakozwe mu makamba 12-15 yakozwe n'ibiti bine. Mu mfuruka ya cabine ya Log, ihujwe hakoreshejwe ubwoko bwinshi bw'ikiboko: "Ku nkombe", "mu nkono" (Twabibwiye uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukora kwandika muri "IVD", 2009, 2010).
Urufatiro. Bashyize igikoma nkicyo ku rufatiro rumwe rw'ubwoko bubiri. Ubwoko bwa mbere turimo kugaragara kuri kaseti hakurikijwe ijambo rigezweho: munsi y'inguni, ndetse kenshi mu burebure bwose bw'inkuta, Granite. Ubwa kabiri, tuzatangira inkingi: munsi yimpande zaciwe kandi liarde yashinze chumbas diameter nini - "intebe". Inkuta z'ibiti byoroheje zari zisumba hagati yabo, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu, yiswe impungenge (Rizbitsa) yabaye munsi y'inzu: mu mpeshyi yakoreshejwe mu bijyanye n'ubukungu, kandi mu itumba baguma amatungo. Urufatiro urwo arirwo rwose rwashyizeho amazi meza - ibigega byimbitse bya Beresta.
Birakwiye ko tumenye ko akazu ka kabi karanze uturere tw'amajyaruguru y'igihugu, no mu majyaruguru, uruzitiro ruri hejuru.
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1-3.Gutera amabuye (1) hamwe nintebe "ibiti" (2) byari biri ku nguni no subservit. Igisenge cy'imanisho ni gifite ubunini "mu ikarita" (3) - imbaho z'umurongo wo hejuru utwikiriye amasasu yo hepfo.
Amazu n'imodoka. Noneho dusobanura iboneza ryamazu. Abakire bashira amagorofa atandatu cyangwa igikomangomanaho inzu: Igihe cyo kubaka icyarimwe, inkuta ebyiri z'ingenzi z'imbere zaciwemo hanze (ku musaraba, inkuta z'imbere zihuza n'inguni iburyo). Abantu bakize, bari bafite umuryango munini, bubatse batanu, aho urukuta rwa gatanu rwagabanije inzu mubice bibiri. Kubijyanye nibishushanyo bibiri, ntabwo twabaye impfabusa, ijambo "inzu" ryakoreshejwe, ntabwo ryakoreshejwe "akazu" - gusa byitwa inyubako zisa. Ariko abakire kandi bakize igihe cyose ntibyari byinshi, kandi umubare munini wubatswe amazu atandukanye rwose.
Gutangira, inzu imwe yinjira yashyizwe mubunini hafi 66Mola hamwe nucyumba kimwe cyo mu nzu, ariko ufite itanura, ni ukuvuga. Byari "Iburasirazuba" - "Intangiriro" - "ISBA" - IZBA. Impanga zafunze amagorofa ku nkondo ziryamye mu rukuta rwateguye (kuzunguruka ku giti) kugira ngo amafaranga aryamye ku muhanda, kuva ku muryango. Twicaye ku cyerekezo kimwe ku buhinduzi no ku gisenge kuva tesa wijimye, ku mababi yashyizwe hejuru. Kubaka byarangiye, bikuraho igisenge cy'abagabo. Byongeye kandi, ibishishwa bishobora kuba birebire (byuzuye uburebure bwa skate) cyangwa bigufi (bitwa umukungugu). Igishushanyo cy'igisenge nk'iki cyihariye: byakusanyirijwe nta musumari umwe. Kubwibyo, byari byoroshye gusenya igisenge, kandi ibyo byakoreshwaga byombi mugihe cyo gusana (gusimbuza ibintu bishya), hamwe no kubaka inzu irangiye.
Usibye Samtov, amakaramu yabayeho nayo. Dukurikije igishushanyo, muri rusange byari bimeze ku bagabo, abatware ba LokituDudinal bonyine ntibashingiye ku biti by'imbere, ariko ku biti bihagaritse bifatanye n'ubwoya bwo hejuru bwa cabine cyangwa yashyizwe hejuru yacyo.
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4. "Impanga" yari igizwe n'ibikoresho bibiri. Byari byo kandi byari byinshi, "itumanaho" - gukata kabiri kwashyizwe kure kandi kunyurwa hagati yabo. Birashoboka ko inzu nk'iyi yubatswe mu byiciro.
5. Ihuriro riri hejuru yo gukura kw'akazu: ntabwo inyubako zizima kandi zubukungu zakuwe munsi yinzu imwe. "P" inyubako zituwe ninyubako zubukungu, ariko nanone ziryamye hagati yabo.
6.Ontolholb Hejuru iyobora muburyo bwimpeshyi (iburyo) hamwe nigihe cy'itumba (ibumoso) igice cy'Ukuzu. Ku ifoto, biragaragara ko bigaragara ko urukuta rwa Seine rusakuza gusa ku ruhuko.
Kwagura inzu. Ubwa mbere, tambour yoroheje kuva ibiti bito cyangwa jeria yakwegereye ku bwinjiriro bw'akato. Iki kigo cyavuzwe muri make munsi yinzu yubato, ariko ntibyari byuzuye. Birakenewe kubipfukirana (cyangwa, mugihe baganiriye na Kera, kunyerera, nizina) byinjiza kandi bagasunikira gushyuha mu kazu. Nkuko umuryango ukura kandi umubare wimikoro yagejejwe mu nzu yagiranye mu ngo "Urugereko rumwe" rwabaye hafi. Nubufi cyane iyo ba nyirayo bakusanyije, yatangiye kwiyongera mubunini.
Inzira yoroshye yo kwagura ako gace niyo igikoresho cyitwa kwinjira mu kwagura inkuta zinyongera. Icyakora, muri ubu buryo yari nta gaciro, kandi impamvu yasobanuwe neza: "Hip" (reka abasomyi batubabarire igihe nk'isa). Ibuka ibyagenwe bimaze gusobanurwa, kandi bizagaragara ko ibyambu byigihe cyubutaka bizagushinyagurira rwose akazu k'ingenzi (urashobora kwemeza ko mu rugero rw'ibiti ari mu biti hafi ya Archangelsk) . None bakoze bite? Mu nyigisho zahariwe iyi ngingo, handitswe ngo: "Gurban ubusanzwe yari igizwe n'inkuta eshatu, ariko ishobora kuba ihagaze." ACHTO nk'ibiri ku giti cye? Ntabwo bitandukanye nkubusa, yashyizwe hafi ya kera, ariko ntarambye abihambiriye (gukata byombi byabayeho byigenga).
Guhuza Urupapuro rwimyenda ya Samstaya (Ikidodo na Harran)
Mu binyejana byinshi, tekinike yumwimerere yigikoresho cyigisenge cya kashe cyateguwe, kidasabye imitwe cyangwa imisumari. Reka dutangire hamwe nigisenge cya Samstaya kuri chicses. Abagabo ni imirongo myinshi yagabanutse buhoro buhoro uburebure bwibiti bikora Imbere ya mpandeshatu. Abagabo b'amaguru bafitanye isano n'imbere ubwabo binyuze muri bo binyuze mu biti-bihanamye (uburebure bwuzuye bw'Umututsi). Amafaranga yabo yaterwaga n'uburebure bwa Finalon, buriwese yirukanye hamwe n'amakamba abiri y'abaturanyi.
Impera yumupira ikozwe hejuru yimipaka yabambere, ikora umusingi winzu. Whew-atatu yo hasi (hejuru yazo) yari atwaye imodoka yitwa inkoko-laboratoire ya 15-2 hamwe ninkoko kugeza imperuka (umutwe w'inkoko gakondo (izina ryikintu). Inkoko zashyizweho nintambwe runaka, nuko rero impera zazo zimanika hejuru yinkuta, zihinduka ishingiro ryuzuye ibisenge.
Ku nkoko, ushireho ibishishwa, ushireho ibiti mu burebure bwabo bwose - imigezi (imigezi y'amazi, cyangwa, mu rurimi rwa none, amazi ya dinayi. Noneho, yashyize gato umurongo wo hepfo yimirongo yinzu hejuru yinzu, yarokotse mu nkombe yo hejuru. Hejuru yabyo, igice cya kabiri cya tesunes, cyari kirekire (inkombe zabo zo hepfo ziruhutse munsi yumuyoboro). Impera yo hejuru ya tesin zombi, nimble ku isonga hejuru (umwamikazi) mugihe cyambere, kanda urusaku rwinshi hamwe na kaburimbo kuri mpandeshatu mu burebure bwose. Yari amazina abiri: "Ohlupin" (igiti kinini cyakubiswe cyane iyo ushyiraho ahantu, ariko kuri ubu birahari, inshuro zirenze imwe) kandi ntiziri hejuru yatwitse umutwe w'ifarashi , yakoraga robine ituruka mubibazo bitandukanye). Kugira ngo inkoko itagenda, yari ifatanye n'umwamikazi ibirenge ku nkoni y'ibiti hamwe n'umutwe. Nkigisubizo, igishushanyo mbonera cyabonetse (nkuko bavuga igisenge gito).
Indi miterere yubushinwa-ikora igisenge cyinzu hejuru yinzu hejuru, itandukanye kuva yamaze gusobanura muri byo yakoreshejwe muri byo atari kuburebure bwa skate, ariko ngufi. Ikigaragara ni uko igisenge kinini kigomba kuba gihenze cyane kigomba kuba kidafite igituba gishobora kugwa cyangwa kubitsa. Imbaho zigufi zitunganye zabonye byoroshye, kandi bihendutse. Umucamanza kubica ntabwo byanze bikunze ibiti bigufi. Ihame ryo gukora igisenge ku bamonyi kirasa cyane no kwinjira, ariko hariho n'itandukaniro: Abacuruzi bashyizwe ku nsanganyamatsiko zinkoko zashyizwe mu mugozi ibiri w'inkoko, inkombe yo hejuru yacyo yakatiwe na Gutwara imiyoboro ya kabiri (yakinnye kandi uruhare rwo gukandamizwa). Kuva gukubita byafunzwe na kimwe cya kabiri cyibiti, byarokotse mu rubura rwo hasi. Hanyuma bashyira umurongo mushya mubintu bibiri by'umuyoboro, inkombe yo hejuru yacyogaho umuyoboro wa gatatu. Noneho, kugeza igihe bigeze hejuru yinzu, aho insengero zizahuza ifarashi-okopen.
Nibyiza ko mugihe cyo kurambura inkongi yikisenge mugihe cyo kuvugurura - kwagura inzu, igisenge cya poel gishobora guhinduka byoroshye hejuru yinzu hejuru yinzu. Iki gitekerezo kirasenyuka kandi gishobora guhindura igisenge kandi kigomba gukoreshwa mukubaka inzu "gukura" bigezweho.
1. Stamik 2. халупень, cyangwa ifarashi 3. Testers 4. Durny 5. Blowflow 6. Samsysy 7. Hagarara 8. shelegi 9. Gutegura 10. Gukundwa (Chute, Amazi) 11. Inkoko (k'atore) | 
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Nyuma yo gukosorwa, hateguwe igisenge cyakwirakwiriye hejuru ya kera, bashizeho imiterere imwe hejuru yimibare yombi, bakoresheje ibintu byakuwe ku gisenge kishaje, igisenge gishya cyubatswe. Birashobora kuba byiza cyane ko iki gisenge gishya kitagikikijwe n'inkoko, ahubwo kigana kuri Dandher, ariko ibice byose byakuwe mu gisenge gishaje (tes, inkoko, chute) yashoboye gukoresha byuzuye. Asdore, ibiciro by'ibintu bishya (tes, ikaze, imitwe, intera) yagabanijwe, ndetse n'igihe ntarengwa cyo kwishyiriraho. Ibyambu byigihe cyibihe byigihe hamwe nigisenge gitwikiriye akazu kabiri (mubyukuri, imiterere nkiyi yambaraga izina ryumwimerere - "Impanga"), ntabwo yari iteye ubwoba, kuko yabayeho ubwayo, kuko yabereye umuriro. Muri kimwe cya kabiri cyingutu zashizwemo amashyiga. Kuva mu gice kimwe cyinzu kijya mubindi, mukuru rusange arashobora gukubitwa mu ijwi ryinyuma.
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7. Betle M200 ikirango cyahambiriye kurubuga. Kugira ngo ukorere beto mu bice bya kure bya kaseti y'ifatizo, yakoresheje traho ndende y'ibiti, kandi ibibarutse bikenewe byagaragaye mbere.
8-10. Umukandara wa mbere utose washyizwe mu bice bibiri (8), hanyuma ushyireho urufatiro ruva mu bice bifatika (9), ibijyanye no kudoda hagati yagurwa (10).
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11-13. Guhuza umurongo ukanga mu myambaro yo hanze (11), Imirongo yinkuta zo hanze niterambere (12) hamwe nuburebure (13) byakorewe muri Podede.
Mubisanzwe, gukura kw'inzu ntibyarangije. Twirinze amafaranga asabwa, intera imwe n'itumba (gushyuha) ku cyifuzo cyoroshye, "imiti idashishijwe) iteganijwe, ihujwe n'imbeho, yahujwe n'imbeho ku nyubako imwe hamwe n'ubufasha bwa geres ari hagati yabo .
By the way, igishushanyo cya nyuma gifite amatsiko cyane. Igorofa yabo yagaruwe nimpera imwe kurugo rwibiti byimbeba, ikindi kuruhande rwibiti. Inkuta ebyiri za Seine zarahambiriye "inkwi z'itumba n'izuba, ariko, kuvuga mu rurimi rugezweho, ku butaka bunyeganyega, kugira ngo amafarashi yombi ashobore" kwimuka "yimuka yigenga. Ibara ry'ikirenga rya Seine ryateguye ubwinjiriro bw'inzu, nimbishijwe hanze y'ibaraza ku nkunga yigenga no kugira igisenge kirenze inkuta z'inyubako, nk'ibara ry'inyoni, "ku rubavu", bityo ivanga Izina). YVSA, ibice bishya byiyongera byashyizwe munsi yinzu imwe hamwe ninzu ishaje.
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14-17. Ibitaramo byo hasi, biruhukira inyuma, byashyizwe mu kabari kaka (14). Inkunga yinyongera lags yari otlips (15). Baremerewe kandi gukora igiti mu burebure (16). Impera yubusa yahujwe hagati ya Bru (17).
Ibikurikira, hitter na ambar buhoro buhoro bakurura mu cyi. Nabo, bari kuri cafeterial. Byoroshye, inkuru ebyiri. Achetoba ntabwo yagombaga kwambara imifuka nubundi bukuru ku bitugu, yubatswe. Nyuma yakwegereye Hlev kandi ihamye. Kurenga mu gikari cyagaragaye, uburebure bwagaragaye, bidatinze bihinduka kwagutse. Igihe rero n'amazu yimiterere ya m yavutse, hanyuma p-ameze.
Nibyiza ko atari amazu yumuhinzi gusa yakuraga, ahubwo anatangajwe. Ubwa mbere bubatse inzu yingenzi, hanyuma ibendera ebyiri kuruhande zometseho muburyo bumwe hamwe nigice cyo hagati. Kurugero, muri ubu buryo muri xix. Inzu ya Sophia Andreevna yubatswe muri Polyana isobanutse - Umutungo L.N. Tolstoy.
Noneho, mugihe turebye mu nkuru, tuzamenyana nuburyo bugezweho bwo kubaka inzu ikura. Yararembya kandi atangira kubaka muri imwe mu karere ka Moscou ishingiye ku gitsina abs-stroy (Uburusiya).
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18-21. Urugo rw'akabari ku mpande zo hanze zo gukata zakozwe mu kavukire kavukire (18). Inguni zimwe ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'inzu zakorewe i Polterev (19). Inyigisho zibasaruzi zabaye umwenda wa flange ufite ubunini bwa 5mm (20). Bapfunyitse kandi ibiti bikoreshwa mugihe uhuza ibiti muburebure (21).
Ibitekerezo bishaje Ubuzima bushyaNoneho, dushinga amahame abiri yibanze yingamba zo gukura, rwakozwe nabakurambere bacu, mururimi rwikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Ihame rya mbere: Kongera agasanduku murugo gakenewe hafase yagenzuwe byoroshye. Ihame rya kabiri: Igisenge kigomba gucika kandi gihinduka neza. Gukoresha ubushobozi bwikoranabuhanga rigezweho, birashoboka rwose kugerageza kubaka inzu ishoboye gukura gusa mubugari, ahubwo no muburebure.
Nakunze igitekerezo cyo kuba abashushanya byose, bahita batangira kugiteza imbere kugirango baburanishwe byoroshye kandi bihuze cyane. "Reka tugerageze gutangira inzu nto kandi mugihe ukuze module, tuzafata hasi kuri wewe Azategura ibirenge (mu igorofa rya mbere - hamwe na etage). Hejuru ya Attike ikonje. Mu rwego rwo gutsinda mu bikoresho bidahenze, inkuta zometse ku cluster ya kamere Ubushuhe, bazabikora kandi imidugararo y'inzu izahagarara, kandi kwaguka k'uruhande kuri bo ntizigoye gukora. Ku gikoresho cyibanze, tuzashyira mu bikorwa ikarito yubaka neza. Isoko ryiza bombi umwe y'igorofa na babiri y'igorofa nzu, kandi niba ari ngombwa kongera kubaka mu width, bishobora kuba ugereranyije byoroshye kongera, ni ba bihagije "rush" Abagize ya urufatiro nshya mu mubiri wa muntu ariho . Ichtoba iyi nzu nkigisubizo ntabwo yasaga igishushanyo m cubbed cubes, kandi irareba kandi ikareba, birakenewe, birakenewe kugirango umushinga, Aho impinduka zose zatekerejweho, ziteganijwe kandi zishushanyijeho mbere kandi zirangi. "
Umushinga rero winzu "urufunguzo rwa zahabu" rwatangiriye. Yakagombye kuba yubatswe mu byiciro bibiri. Ibisubizo by'uwa mbere byakuze inyubako imwe n'igorofa hamwe na 50.8m2; Kubera isegonda, Kanama yayo yiyongereye kugera 105m2. Niba nyirubwite afuzwa, icyiciro cya gatatu gishobora gutangwa, mugikorwa cyacyo kimwe cyangwa bibiri bitwikiriye (birashoboka) muri Veranda bizifatanye ninzu.
Umukiriya yatangaje vuba. Witonze wize umushinga kandi umenyeshe igitekerezo cy'igitekerezo, yishimiye cyane ati: "Tuzubaka! Ibi nibyo rwose nshoboye ubu, urebye amahirwe yanjye menshi! " Mu gikari ni Gashyantare, kandi hagati Werurwe, abubatsi batangiye gushyira mu bikorwa umushinga.
Niki nuburyo urujingo mu rukuta rwahujwe
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22-24.Ibindi maso mu rukuta rw'ibiti by'icyubahiro gisanzwe nticyahungabanye kandi nticyahindutse igihe cyumye, byahujwe n'ibyuma by'uburebure bwa mm 250 (ibi bicuruzwa bituma snip2-25 -80). Kugirango ukore ibi, muri buri murongo ufite intambwe ya m 1.5, umwobo ufite diameter ya 15mm nimbitse ya 30mm (22) zarinzwe. Noneho bakomanze imisumari mibi (23), iyo karo karongeye kurohama yimbitse yinzobere zacukuwe (24).
Perry stageFondasiyo. Kubera ko ubutaka bwari ku rubuga bwari bunini, ubwonko buto bwegerejwe kuko bidashoboka. Ku gikoresho cyacyo, umwobo wakuwe mu mwobo ufite ubujyakuzimu bwa 90cm na 50cm z'ubugari, aho umusego w'imisando ari hejuru ya 30cm. Noneho mu mwobo washyizeho imitako, kuyishyira mu rwego rwo hejuru yurufatiro ruzaza. Birumvikana ko ibyo byose byafashe umwanya munini, ariko koroshya cyane inzira yo kugenzura urwego rwa beto mugihe cyuzuye. Barcask yashyize ikadiri yo kuvugurura (inkingi enye zimaze kurambika hamwe na diameter ya 12mm, bifitanye isano no gukomera no guhagarikwa mu migati imwe), nyuma ya kasege za beto 400mm z'ubugari, rizamuka hejuru ya cm 10.
Nyuma yumunsi, iyo beto yabonye imbaraga runaka (byibuze 15kg / cm2- mubikorwa, ibi bivuze ko, iyo nzira itagumyeho), ku rukuta rw'urukuta rw'ejo hazaza (ku rukuta rw'amahara Ishingiro riva mu bice bifatika bya 400200200mmm00mm. Kugira ngo umwanya uri munsi yinzu wahujwe, mumurongo wo hejuru wibintu byashizeho umusaruro (umwe munsi ya buri cyumba cyo murugo ndetse na bibiri munsi yibyumba), aho bice bifatika byashyizeho uruhande. Mu rukuta rw'imbere hamwe n'intambwe ya 1.5 m ishyirwaho inkingi ziva mu bice bimwe.
Hejuru y'ibice bifatiro, ikindi gice cy'urwego rwamatawe cyashyizwe hejuru, kandi kwangirika no kwamburwa no kwambukiranya antiseptic yo kuwa 150150mm. Mu rukuta rw'imbere, ibyo bita amacakubiri hamwe nigice cyambukiranya 200150mm cyashyizwe kumurima utagira amazi. Mugihe imyiteguro yimbere yarimo yitegura, beto ya sciecre yatsinze 50% yimbaraga za 50% (byasabwaga gutangira gushiraho agasanduku murugo).
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25. Inkuta zifunze hanze muri Poledev buri gukamba amakamba abiri.
26.Ibitumye agabanya kubaka inzu yagumanye imbaraga zihagije, gufungura "bisigaye bivuye mu kabariye: mu ikamba rya gatatu n'igituba (bitashoboka ku ikamba rya gatatu n'igicunga (bitashoboka kugendera mu nzu), mu idirishya - buri makamba ya 2-3.
27. Igorofa ya mbere ya kabiri yashizweho mu kabari ifite igice cyambukiranya 150150mm. Impera zombi zibiti zashyizwe mu ntambwe ya cm 60 zinjijwe neza mu mbuto zo hejuru zinkuta (ubujyakuzimu bwa Cutbox igomba kuba byibuze 50mm). Mugihe kimwe, imirasire yo guhuza ibyumba byegeranye (gufungura) mugihe cyo gufata urukuta rwimbere cyashyizwe muri gahunda yo kugenzura.
28.Ibicuraraguro, ibicuraraguro bifite intambwe runaka yo kurinda isanduku ya 12525m-ivuwe nubuyobozi bwa antiseptic. Habayeho gukingura by'agateganyo: ibice bibiri bya rubburoid.
29-30. Ku rubaraza na veranda aho gushyigikira by'agateganyo byashizwemo buri gihe (byakozwe mu bitambo bimwe), byatanzwe na Jack ya Screw. Kugirango byoroshye, byari munsi yinkingi.
31-32. Muri cranial bar, yuzuye kuruhande rwa etage ya etage ya etage ya mbere, yashyizeho imbaho ngufi yumukara (31). Ibikurikira byari hasi, guhuriza hamwe no kwikorera buri kinama cya gatanu (32). Iyo igiti cyumye, hasi kizakoreshwa.
Ubutaka. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora urufatiro ruva mu kabari hamwe nigice cyambukiranya 150100m cyerekanwe neza mumafoto, ntabwo rero tuzabisobanura birambuye. Reka twibande ku ntera ebyiri.
Kwakira mbere. Ahantu hose, gutinda, bisa n'inkuta zo hanze, ntabwo zaba hafi yabo, ariko kure ya 50-100mm. Umwanya mwiza iyo urangije ushobora gushyirwaho ubushishozi kugirango umwuka ukonje uva kuri sample ntuhagera. Niba ubishaka, lags yashizwemo kure kurukuta, ariko muriki gihe, akabari kagaburirwa kurukuta kurwego rwindege yo hejuru, ruzaba inkunga yinyongera kumpande (igomba ntumanike hejuru yinkombe ya lags kurenza 100mm).
Kabiri. Ibice byose byari itegeko ryatandukanijwe nurubuga-nkuru nkuru, bituma bishoboka kubifungura, kandi ni ukuvuga nka Heatel. Ubu buhanga bwakoreshejwe mugihe twubaka inkuta.
Kubaka agasanduku murugo. Inkuta z'inzu zakusanyirijwe mu kabari kamere gake n'umutwe wa 160150mm. Bhagana, amakamba yakambwa yubatswe hamwe nibirango by'icyuma. Ku rukuta rwarangiye rwamagorofa ya mbere, hejuru yuzuye, hanyuma kuzamura imirongo ya ba nyirayo hamwe na ba nyirayo, hari urusaku rwigihe gito, ibice bibiri bya rubberoid. Munsi yacyo, inzu irashoboye rwose kumyaka 2-3, hanyuma nyuma yiki gihe, abarwanyi bagiye gutangira gutangira icyiciro cya kabiri cyubwubatsi. Inzu y'igiti yasigaye kugeza igihe cyizuba, ni ngombwa ko igiti gishobora gukama no kugabanya inyubako. Tomle nyuma yuyubatsi bazatangira kurangiza akazi.
Mugihe bateganijwe gukuraho igorofa yo kurangiza hasi, bagashingiraho hejuru kandi na none hasi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, bizakorwa hamwe no gukosorwa hasi. Ibikurikira, ususurutsa inkuta z'inzu hanze, nyuma izakora hanze, hanyuma kurangiza imbere ukoresheje ibikoresho byatoranijwe na nyirayo yatoranijwe na nyirayo. Kuri ibi, icyiciro cya mbere kizarangira, kandi ba nyirubwite bazashobora gukina imyaka itegerejwe.
Imirongo yaka
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33-35. Mugihe cyo gukora iyi sisitemu, yashyizwe kumurongo skate ku nkunga yimbaho yigihe gito, ibyo, kugirango ubone akazi k'uburebure bukenewe, banyu bato hagati. Kuruhande rwa skate hamwe nintambwe isobanutse yashyizwe hejuru yimiti yo gucukurwa ku cyitegererezo cy'igice cya 15050mm (33). Guteka ikamba ryo gukata byari bifatanye, hifashishijwe imfuruka no kwikubita hasi (34), ipaki y'icyuma yakuwe munsi ya skate, kandi gukomera kw'icyuma byashyizwe munsi yacyo (35). Birakwiye ko tumenya ko cicyuma hamwe na screfensi yakanze byanze bikunze byakoreshejwe mugihe bateje guteranya amateraniro yose ya sisitemu ya Rafter, ndetse nintege nke nka nyabagendwa.
Bizagenda bite nyuma?Icyiciro cya kabiri cyubwubatsi kizashira. Ubwa mbere, bizakuraho igisenge cyigihe gito uhereye kubwubatsi, noneho ibice birangwa kandi bisenywa hamwe nisanduku, gutera amakadiri, gutema amakadiri ya frame na sisitemu ya rafter (ibi ntibizagora - bose bafunzwe babifashijwemo ibintu byicyuma hamwe na screw yo kwikubita hasi). Ibikurikira bizatangira kubaka inkuta za etage ya kabiri. Ibyo bazabakara cyangwa umurambo - abarwanyi ntibari bahisemo. Ariko twakagombye kumenya ko amahitamo ya kabiri aruta kubanza: Inkuta zakanzi ziroroshye kandi zirashyuha, kandi zirashobora gushyirwaho mugihe gito gishoboka gishoboka, cyingenzi. Iyo inkuta zikura, ibice byose byabaye kare (sisitemu yo koroshya, umukoro wacyo.) Azongera gufata umwanya kandi igisenge kizashira. Nyuma yibyo, abamwubatsi batanga igisenge cyatiti, hanyuma bagatangira akazi hanze kandi imbere. Bimaze kurangira, hejuru ya kimwe mu bibanza (aho hantu hateganijwe hakiri kare) bizatandukana hasi no kubika ingazi. IVA! Urashobora guteza imbere umwanya mushya, uzane kandi ushyire ibikoresho kandi ukarinde ubundi buryo bwo murugo.
Ese inzira yo kubaka irababaza ingabo? Birumvikana. Birashoboka ko icyumweru - abandi batagomba kubaho munzu. Ni iki kizasenywa kandi gitakaza ibiyobyabwenge? Muri iki kibazo, nibisanzwe, imizingo myinshi ya rubeberoid yakoreshejwe mugukora igisenge cyigihe gito. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiterere, ukurikije ibigereranyo bibanjirije, ni amafaranga ibihumbi 30-4 gusa. Ibi ntagereranywa n'amafaranga ugomba kwishyura nk'inyungu niba ufashe inguzanyo muri banki no kubaka inzu y'amagorofa abiri, reka tuvuge ko mu birori byo kwakirwa.
Gahunda yicyiciro cya kabiri cyubwubatsi
"ABS-Stroy" | 
"ABS-Stroy" | 
"ABS-Stroy" | 
"ABS-Stroy" |
36-39.spostded murugo (36) izakuraho igisenge cyigihe gito kandi igasenya igishushanyo mbonera hamwe namahindu (37). Ku nyuguti nyinshi zuzuye, inkuta z'itanura rya kabiri zizubakwa, aho imibiri y'imbere (38), hanyuma igashyiraho gahunda yo gusiga urusenge n'igisenge gihoraho (39).
Rwose icumbi ryizaMu gihugu cyacu, hariho umushinga wigihugu "amazu ahendutse". Ibigo byinshi byo gukora no kubaka biharanira kubyigamo. Ariko reka dutekereze: Ibintu byose bihabwa ubumwe kugirango bifungure mubyukuri? Nubwo twakeka ko amazu 1m2 azatwara amafaranga ibihumbi 10-20. (Ukurikije ibipimo bigezweho, ni impano gusa) kubaka inzu byibuze 100-120m2, birakenewe kubona amafaranga 1.2-2.4 mugitangira. Ongeraho kuri iki giciro cyo kurangiza no kohereza inteko - kandi ishusho ni byibuze 1.5. Nibyiza, "impuzandengo" ni he, niyihe gahunda yavuzwe yasamye, irashobora gufata amafaranga menshi?
Birumvikana ko hariho inguzanyo n'inguzanyo. Ariko mugihe cyibibazo byacu kugirango inguzanyo nkiyi itazasuzugura abantu bose. Hudaleko ntabwo abantu bose bashobora gufata inguzanyo nkiyi, bashaka kubikora. N'ubundi kandi, inguzanyo ni ubwoko bw'inkota. Ninde uzishyura niba wabuze akazi cyangwa kurwara?
Igitekerezo cy'umwuga
Hariho umwanya umwe mubi muburyo bwikoranabuhanga ryinzu ikura - mugihe igisenge hejuru yimiterere yicyiciro cya mbere cyasenyutse kandi abubatsi bafata inkuta za kabiri. Muri icyo gihe niho insulation ishyirwaho nabi kurukuta no kurenga kuri etage ya mbere ya etage ya mbere yingaruka zo mu kirere. Gusuhuzamo AMRA birazwi kugirango bihagarike gukora umurimo wacyo. Kubwibyo, ndashaka kwitondera ibyo ibikoresho bya hydrophobized gusa bigomba gukoreshwa muriyi ikoranabuhanga, baracyari kuri status yo gutanga umusaruro batanga imitungo ya leta. Amazi, Kugwa ku bushyuhe nk'ubwo, ntabwo yinjira mu bujyakuzimu bwe.
Ibizamini byakozwe byerekanaga ko na nyuma yo kwibizwa byimazeyo ibikoresho mumasaha menshi ku masaha menshi, hashyizweho film y'amazi yoroheje, kandi imbere ni yumye rwose. Ibitonyanga bihumura vuba, kandi ibikoresho ubwabyo ntabwo bitakaza imitungo iyo ari yo yose, nta mitungo yo kwishyurwa.
Gukoresha insulation ya hydroprobized bituma bicika mugihe cyo kubaka. Kurugero, amasahani "Rockwool Valtts" (Uburusiya) kubijyanye no gusohoka hanze, yongererwa mubyiciro, irashobora gukomeza kubanzwe nimyuka iryamiye kugeza kumezi 3.
Tatyana Smirnova, Inzobere Tekinike ya Rockwool
Ariko hamwe nubwato bukura ibintu byose biratandukanye. Jeenno ni ubwoko nk'ubwo (neza, uburyo bwo kubaka) bw'inyubako kandi birashobora kwitwa amazu meza. Ingamba z'icyiciro zizirikana ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi. Ubwa mbere, kwirundanya buhoro buhoro hamwe nishyirwa mubikorwa ryicyiciro gikurikira muri aya mafranga, tutiriwe dukemura imiryango yinguzanyo. Icya kabiri, ibintu bya demokarasi no guhindura ibyifuzo. Kurugero, umuryango ukiri muto wabantu babiri ubanza birahagije murugo hamwe nubuso bugera kuri 50m2. Biragaragara ko ejo hazaza umuryango uzakura kandi igihe kizatangira gutangira icyiciro gikurikira cyo kubaka. Idieg icyo gihe birashoboka cyane ko yaba ishobora kwegeranya, kandi ibyifuzo byabo bisaba neza ko gahunda iteganya ibyumba kubana, kandi kuri ba sogokuru, bizabireba.
Turatekereza ko igitekerezo cyo kwikura gishimishije ntabwo gishimishije ku miryango ikiri nto gusa, ahubwo no kubatuye mu mpeshyi. Ntabwo ari ibanga kubona abaturage benshi bo mu gihugu cyacu hari umubare munini w'igihugu cyacu, bumaze igihe kinini ushaka kubaka akazu. Ariko ntibihagije kubona inzozi zawe, ntihabuze intangiriro yo kubaka inzu yinzu yuzuye iyi nzozi nyinshi. Ikoranabuhanga ryurugo rukura riguha amahirwe yo gutangira kuzenguruka inzozi mubuzima kandi ntutegereze kugeza igihe uzakusanya amafaranga yose. Banza wubake akazu gato k'imizindo. Gukoporora amafaranga akenewe - Uzuza inzu mubunini bwa "Inzozi".
Ariko, birakenewe kumva ko byoroshye gukora ibizemerera ikoranabuhanga ryubatsi, kuva hamwe no gukura kw'inzu mubugari uzagomba gukuramo urufatiro n'inkuta. I isa ni Isosiyete iyo ari yo yose irashobora kuguha igisubizo cyiza cya tekiniki ku rukuta, guhuzagurika no gusakara bikwiranye no guhindura. Vuba iyubakwa ryinzu ikura ukurikije umushinga no gutekereza kuri gahunda yo gutegura icyiciro icyo aricyo cyose nunguka byunguka.
Kubara kwagutse * kubaka inzu ya brusade hamwe nubuso bwa 51m2 (guhindukira mbere)| Izina ry'imirimo | Umubare wa | igiciro, rub. | Igiciro, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urufatiro, Urukuta, ibice, guhuzagurika, igisenge | |||
| Ifata amashoka, imiterere, iterambere nigice | 32m3 | 750. | 24,000 |
| Igikoresho cyumusenyi wibanze munsi yishingiro | 9m3 | 410. | 3690. |
| Igikoresho cyimfatiro za RIBBON zishimangira beto | 16M3. | 2400. | 38 400. |
| Igikoresho Masonry Bic kuva kuri Blowre Blocks | 6M3 | 2280. | 13 680. |
| Amazi adafite amazi kandi kuruhande | set | - | 5200. |
| Igikoresho cyo mu mahanga | set | - | 3900. |
| Kubaka inkuta n'ibice bivuye mu kabari | 25m3 | 4300. | 107 500. |
| Kubaka byuzuye hamwe no gushira ibiti, hasi | set | - | 53 900. |
| Guteranya igisenge hamwe nibikoresho bya CRATE | 75M3. | - | 17 350. |
| Igikoresho cyo gutwika buri gihe | set | - | 9600. |
| Byose | 277 220. | ||
| Ibikoresho bikoreshwa ku gice | |||
| Umucanga | 9m3 | - | 10,000 |
| Biremereye | 16M3. | 4500. | 72.000 |
| Guhagarika beto | 375 PC. | 55. | 20 625. |
| Sima | Imifuka 15 | 270. | 4050. |
| Antiolious yongeyeho | 80L. | mirongo itatu | 2400. |
| Akabari. | 29M3. | 5500. | 159 500. |
| Umwenda muremure | Imizingo 8 | 750. | 6000. |
| Ikibaho cya Edged, Bar | 9m3 | - | 49 500. |
| Firmware ya Online yarasobanuwe | 30m2 | 270. | 8100. |
| Ruberoid | Imizingo | 270. | 5130. |
| Gushiraho kaseti. | Ibihendo 2 | 1500. | 3000. |
| Armature, insinga ibohoga, ingabo zinkingi | set | - | 9690. |
| Antiseptic | 10l | 150. | 1500. |
| Imisumari Bitandukanye | 215kg | - | 13 300. |
| Ibyingenzi kugirango bitinde | set | - | 10 200. |
| Byose | 374 995. | ||
| * Kubara byarangiye utazirikanye hejuru, ubwikorezi hamwe nandi mafaranga, kimwe n'inyungu z'isosiyete. |
Abanditsi bashimira ab-stroy berekana ubufasha mukutegura ibikoresho.