Guhitamo ibiciro mugihe utumiza imyenda: Hitamo igishushanyo, ibikoresho, igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere, ibirimo byimbere, sisitemu yumwirondoro
Urdebe coupe - ikintu igice muri byose. Mugutumiza, umukoresha ibintu byose ahitamo: gushushanya, ingano, ibikoresho, ibara, igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere, ibirimo byimbere ndetse na sisitemu yubuyobozi hamwe na sisitemu. Ibi bituma bishoboka kugirango utezimbere ibiciro.
Mbere ya byose, hitamo uburyo wifuza guhura nibishobora kugura aya mafranga. N'ubundi kandi, coupe, byateganijwe n'umushinga ku giti cye, bihenze kuruta umusaruro warangiye ku bijyanye n'ubukungu inshuro 5-10. Igiciro giterwa n'aho iki gice kizaba giherereye, nk'abaminisitiri mu koga zakagari, abana babana, icyumba cyo kuraramo, icyumba cyo kuraramo kigaragaza ibisabwa bitandukanye kandi byiza. Igiciro kizagira ingaruka kubishushanyo mbonera byabaminisitiri, ibikoresho byatoranijwe, sisitemu byimyirondoro nabayobozi, imbere yuzuza Idr.
Bisanzwe cyangwa gutumiza?
Imyenda yose irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri byingenzi: Serial (isanzwe) kandi gakondo (ukurikije umushinga kugiti cyawe). Uru ruhererekane rutandukanijwe n'ibipimo byagenwe, ibikoresho rusange, ibikoresho bisanzwe n'ibikoresho (cyane cyane umusaruro w'imbere). Imyenda nkiyi ikorwa ukurikije imiterere yashizweho, ntabwo ikeneye amakarita yo gukata kuri we, bityo bikagenda bidasubirwaho (ugereranije ibihumbi 8-20).
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Niba ingengo yimari igarukira, kandi ikibazo cyo kubika gikeneye gukemurwa, turagugira inama yo gushakisha urukurikirane rw'ibihugu nk'abo nk '"ikinyejana cya Oroti-Xxige", "icyubahiro" , "Satelite", "Guma", Ibikombe (byose- Uburusiya), BRW (Polonye Biyelorusiya) Idr. Birumvikana ko iteraniro risanzwe ridasobanura umudendezo wuzuye wo guhitamo ingano, iboneza, ibikoresho, byuzuza imbere nibikoresho, nkuko bibaho iyo bibaye mugihe bibaye mugihe bibaye mugihe bibaye. Ariko ibi ntibisobanura ko utazashobora gufata integuzo nziza yangiza abaminisitiri agaciro gakwiye. Imikorere ya Wardrobe kumushinga kugiti cye igufasha kuzirikana uburyohe nibyifuzo byose byabakiriya, kimwe nibiranga icyumba no gutegura. Muri icyo gihe, icyitegererezo gishobora kuba gitandukanye: hamwe no gukingurwa, niches kubikoresho byamajwi nibikoresho bya videwo, imiyoboro, diagonal, inguni, inguni. Akenshi, kugirango uzigame umwanya, hari ibikoresho byose byo mu nzu mu rufatiro rwabo, usibye ku buryo butaziguye coupe ihuriweho kuzenguruka uburiri cyangwa udukoni twandika. Ba nyirubwite bato bakunze guhitamo akabati k'imisozi mibi. AV Inzu yagutse iki gice cyibikoresho ishoboye gukora ibice byimbere.
Soviets y'abashushanya
Induru yimyenda yimyenda mugihe cyo kuraramo irashobora gukizwa na wallpaper - kurugero, abarangije icyumba cyose. Rero, coupe ninkuta zizahuzwa muri rusange, kandi usibye, bizashoboka gukiza. Urashobora gukoresha ingurube hamwe nubundi buryo bujyanye nigishushanyo cyimbere, vuga, wallpaper, ubudodo, etc. Nyamuneka hitamo ibara ryimitwe ntizishobora gukemurwa kwa PhSPTe yagutse. Hariho uburyo bushimishije: havuzwe indorerwamo za feza na zahabu, mu mucyo, matte cyangwa ikirahure cyamabara.
Imbere mu gice kinini cy'uburapeke, ubukungu-bw'amafaranga y'igiciro (kuva ku gipimo ibihumbi 30), hagati (kuva ku gipimo ibihumbi 50-60) n'isumba ibihumbi 150) urugero rw'ibiciro. Igiciro cyanyuma giterwa nigishushanyo cyumwimerere, cyateguwe byumwihariko, gukoresha ibikoresho byingenzi nibikoresho bihenze, gutunganya ibihangano, kuzuza ihumure ryinshi nibindi bintu byinshi. Inyigisho zo mu rwego rwo hagati kandi ndende zishobora gutegekwa kuva ku bakozi bo mu rugo nk '"igikoni cya stilim", Alcalum, Kardinal, Komandor, Komandor, muri Rarius-umurongo, virusicoti idr.
Muburyo bwubwoko
Ihuriro, imyenda ya mbere cyane yubatswe: nta rukuta, ibisenge n'amagorofa, gusa imiryango inyerera. Ihuriro rya Vroli ryakozwe inkuta, igisenge n'igice cy'icyumba Inama y'Abaminisitiri yubatswemo. Uyu munsi, kugabana neza akabati ku bundi buryo bukwiriye (Corps) ndetse no mu buryo bworoshye, kuko ibya nyuma bishobora gutondekwa mu ishusho no guhurira mu rubanza, ni ukuvuga inkuta z'inyuma, igisenge n'inzu . Ibiciro byibiciro byibiciro byitangwa na kabine. Abakora abakora banze rwose kwanga gukomera ku rukuta rwa "Bambaye ubusa", kuko batinya guhisha insinga zihishe muri bo.
Jesse | 
Bwana. | 
Aldo. | 
Aldo. |
1-2. Kuzuza imbere Igishushanyo mbonera cya Guverinoma mubushishozi bwabakoresha ukurikije akarere ibyo aribyo nibibikwa. Uburyo bwiza bwubukungu ni ugukora neza. Ariko udafite abafite ipantaro, amajipo, amasano aragoye.
3-4. Ingererane nibyiza gukora imibare yuzuye (3); Gufungura ibigori biraba byiza guhuza na sisitemu yo kubika (4).
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, niba uyikoresha, ushyiraho Inama y'Abaminisitiri cyangwa inguni, irashaka kuzigama amafaranga cyangwa gutanga uburenganzira bwo kureka ibintu by'inama y'abaminisitiri no gutumiza inzugi, agasanduku no kuzungura. Ibisubizo birashobora gukizwa 15-30% yikiguzi cyibicuruzwa. Ariko, ukurikije inzobere nyinshi, ibintu byose bya corpus byongera umutekano. Urukuta rumwe n'uduce kamwe, kimwe n'igitaka n'inzugi birakenewe niba inkuta, igorofa n'inzu yacu bitaringaniye (ibyo bitunganijwe na byose). Ubu buryo bworoshye kandi burashoboka, nkigice cya kabiri kidakwiye, ni kimwe mu myabiri yubatswe, iri kumwe ninzugi zihari, reka tuvuge, igisenge, uruhande rumwe ni.p.
Imitako y'umuryango
Urugi rwuzuye ruva mu chipboard cyangwa indorerwamo yo mu ndorerwamo itandukanye nigiciro kuva kumuryango washyizwe hamwe. Murubanza hakiri kare, shyiramo koresha ibikoresho bitandukanye bishobora gukora umushinga uhenze. Niba umuryango ukoreshwa kumuryango kandi ushushanyijeho, yongera ikiguzi. Amashusho aratandukanye, kandi byoroshye, kandi bigoye; Amaherezo uhitemo. Imwe mubyiciro byubu ninjiza (kurugero, kuva ku kirahure cyanduye, idr plastike).
Igice cyibintu
Mugihe cyo gukora kabine, ibikoresho bitandukanye kugirango bifunzwe (bitagaragara) nibice bigaragara bikoreshwa. Icya mbere nicyo kibazo, amasahani, mumasanduku ngufi, ibintu byose biri inyuma yimiryango inyerera. Igice cya kabiri. Nibindi bikoresho birashobora guhitamo byinshi byangiritse cyangwa bihenze.
Jesse | 
Aldo. | 
Kardinal | 
Komandor |
5.Sshkaf-coupe hamwe nibintu byiza byihariye bikozwe mu kirahure cya matte yihuta bihuye mumiti ya minimalism.
6. Umurongo w'Inama y'Abaminisitiri muche itanga umwanya ntarengwa wo kubika ibintu bitandukanye. Ihuriro ryikirahure byimiterere hamwe na aluminium (icyuma) guhindura iyi ngingo yibitiriya yimbere yimbere yimbere.
7. Ibiranga byubaka bituma bishoboka kwinjira ku nkombe mu mfuruka, Niche, isanzwe, munsi y'ingazi, cyangwa munsi y'inzu.
8.Ingose y'urugero rukuru rwo kwishyira hamwe kwambara imyenda muri pepiniyeri iherereye muri atike.
Kenshi na kenshi, coupe ikozwe mu makosa ya chipboard na MDF. Kubijyanye no kuzigama muriki kibazo, benshi baratandukanye mubitekerezo. Bamwe bemeza ko ibikoresho bihendutse atari ngombwa byanze bikunze. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryemerera guhitamo ibikoresho byinshi byavuzwe nta rwikekwe kubwiza bwibicuruzwa byarangiye. Abandi bayobora impaka: umubabaro wishyura kabiri. Reka tuvuge, shyira ikintu kiremereye ku gipangu, kandi nkigisubizo, abasizi barabyutse bava muri chipboard. Ukuri, nkuko bisanzwe, ahantu hagati.
Kurugero, igiciro cya chipbor chipbord biterwa nuwabikoze. Noneho, DSP Termopal (Ubudage) nimwe mubihe bihenze cyane, ariko bifite ibara rinini cyane. Ntabwo uhari kandi amasahani meza cyane atangwa na Egger (Otirishiya) na Glunz (Ubudage). Ariko, niba tuvuga ibyerekeye "kwimenyereza", birashoboka rwose gukoresha ibice byaya abakora, nka Kronol), Guhuza KronoSAR "(Byombi- Uburusiya, ariko ni byiza rwose ubuziranenge.
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Ikintu cyingenzi cya chipboard. Akenshi kubice bitagaragara, chipbor chip chip yakoreshejwe. Muri icyo gihe, amasahani yijimye ajya ku gikingo (bo, mubisanzwe, bihenze). Niba ibishakishwa birebire - ntukize.
Urukuta rwinyuma ruri rutandukanye kuruta uruhande (umubyimba wanyuma ugereranije ni 25-27mm). Ubunini busanzwe bwimpu - 8-10mm. Ntabwo aribwo buryo bubi bwo kuzigama - guhuza ibikoresho. Niba bigeze kumuti wihariye, ntabwo byumvikana gukora ibice byimbere byibiganiro nibikoresho bimwe bihenze nkuko hanze.
Igiciro cyibikoresho giterwa nibara rya gamma. Ibigo byubwenge ni chipboard itangwa kuri gahunda, hamwe na gahunda yitwa ibihano hamwe nigicucu runaka (murubanza rwa kabiri, amasahani nihendutse). Gahunda yo guteganya muburyo butandukanye, amabara menshi (ubu ni igiti gishyushye na makassar). Babaha igihe kinini cyane, kandi ikiguzi cya chipboard for amabara ari hejuru, kubera ko bafatwa nkibicuruzwa bishya - itandukaniro ni 10%. Ibara "yingengo" mubisanzwe ni byera.
Pianca. | 
Pianca. | 
"Ibikoni Byiza" | 
"Ibikoni Byiza" |
9-10. Umwanya wimbere inyuma inyuma yo kunyerera, ukize umurimo mbere yuruganda hanyuma utekereze kubintu bito byose. Noneho uzaba umunezero ukurikije gahunda washyizeho ukoresheje ibikoresho byoroshye: Gufata neza (9), Mini-Elevator (10).
11-12. Nk'itegeko, abakora abantu bose bo mu gihugu batanga abakiriya ibikoresho nibindi bikorwa (harimo n'ibikoresho bimwe nibigize.
Umuryango - "isura" coupe
Ni urugi - ubwinshi n'ibikoresho bivamo - menya nyamukuru (50-70%) igice cy'igisirikare cy'abaminisitiri. Imiryango myinshi, imyirondoro nibigize bijya mu gukora kandi, kubwibyo, urwego rwo hejuru ruzaba igiciro.
Inzugi zitumva (ku nyubako zitumva akenshi zikoreshwa muri MDF) zikora neza kuruta ikirahuri cyangwa indorerwamo, ndetse birenze no kwinjiza imbiza za Rattan, imigano, Enamel. Kurugero, Inama y'Abaminisitiri ntoya y'uruganda rwa SMA (Ubutaliyani) ifite ubunini bwa 24001900600mm hamwe n'inzugi zitumva zigura amafaranga ibihumbi 52, hamwe n'ikirahure - amafaranga ibihumbi 72. Itandukaniro ni 30%. Ariko ikirahure ni ikirahure. Niba n'indorerwamo imwe yongera ikiguzi cy'amafaranga 1500., ni iki icyo gihe cyo kuvuga ku ndorerwamo hamwe, satin, ibara, mu buryo butandukanye, hamwe n'ingaruka zo gucamo imitako? Kandi haracyari ikirahuri hamwe nibindi byishimo ...
Akenshi abakoresha bashizeho Inama y'Abaminisitiri yashyize hejuru. Birasobanutse niba ahantu h'ububiko bw'inyongera bukenewe, kandi nta gace k'ubuntu kuri bo. Ariko, niba utegeka ukwasobanukirwa imiryango kubaminisitiri nkuru na Antlesole, aba nyuma bazahenze kuruta canvas imwe. Ntabwo byoroshye gukora numuryango umwe usanzwe? Byoroshye, ariko, imyirondoro yose ntabwo igufasha gukora imiryango hejuru ya 3000mm, kandi akenshi uburebure bwabo ni bike (242mmm). Imiterere minini ya canvas ifite uburebure bwa 5000mm ntabwo ari imyirondoro ihendutse (zihenze aluminimu (yuzuza ikadiri).
Berloni. | 
La falegnami. | 
Ikea. |
13. Inzugi zagabanye zikora ku ihame ry'impumyi nubundi buryo bwumusare ugezweho. Bigizwe na parnel yahagaritswe, zigenda kumurongo wo hejuru kandi zegeranijwe nkigitabo.
14. Uruganda rwa Aalialian mu musaruro wa Wardrobes bakoresha imbaho hamwe na selile yuzuza tambure, ikunzwe hamwe nabashushanya kubera igishushanyo mbonera cya 36mm). Muri bo bakora ibigori bifunguye, imiryango yacu.
15. Ikintu cyose ni umwanya wacyo: ku bubiko, amazinga, mu mishinga cyangwa ibiseke. Ibikoresho by'imbere muri wardrobes bigomba kuba byujuje ibyo abakoresha bakeneye. Ishyirahamwe ryububiko bwibintu, harimo ibintu bito, byoroshya ubuzima kandi bigufasha kubona vuba ibikenewe.
Sisitemu: ibyuma cyangwa aluminium?
Igiciro cyimyenda kiyobowe nubwoko bwa sisitemu. Guhitamo ni ntoya hano, kubera ko sisitemu ari ebyiri gusa: ibyuma (imyirondoro y'ibyuma) na aluminimu (imyirondoro ya mucyaro).
Igishushanyo mbonera cyimyenda iyo ari yo yose ni sisitemu. Usibye imirambo, ikubiyemo umuryango ufite uburyo bwo kwimuka, kuyobora (inzira) no kuzura imbere. Urugi ni urwego rugizwe numwirondoro uhagaritse kandi utambitse. Umuryango mwiza utuma ikibabi cyumuryango. Ariko ku bikoresho byimyigishirili, ibiranga imiryango no gukora, kandi uwashushanyije aratunzwe.
Sisitemu y'icyuma itanga Simline, na (Byombi- Uburusiya), Roler (Ubufaransa), Inderico, Ramtrack (Oba Kanada). Umwirondoro wa Aluminum utanga Raumps (Ubudage), Komandor (Sisitemu LaZurit, Ubuhanzi Deco), "impumuro", "nziza", "(byose- Uburusiya), Roler. Rwose gusubiza imyirondoro nibyiza, biragoye. Ku buryo butondetse hamwe nabandi sisitemu birashobora kuba abakoresha iramba kandi bishimishije, bikakwemerera gufungura imiryango yabatumiye byoroshye.
Aldo. | 
Molteni. | 
Ikea. |
16-18.Ikigo gisanzwe nimigozi birimo ibikoresho nkibintu byonyine kubafite ipantaro (16), sisitemu yo kubika (17), yinjiza mu gasanduku (18).
Nubwo bimeze bityo, sisitemu ya Aluminum ni ihenze inshuro 1.5 kurenza ibyuma. Ntabwo ari imbaraga z'ibikoresho bikorerwa (ibyuma, nkuko bizwi, biramba cyane). Ibanga riri mubishushanyo mbonera byababyimwizinyiye muburyo bwabo.
Aluminum nimwe mubyuma byoroshye. Inyongera zidasanzwe nimbaraga kurwego rwibyuma. Avot mugutunganya byoroshye cyane. Uburyo bwo kunyerera (kwiyongera) hamwe nuburyo bwa powder (gukanda uduce duto) muriyo urashobora gukora umwirondoro wiboneza. Mubyongeyeho, umubyimwimwa wa Aluminum ahisha uburyo bwo kunyerera. Icyuma cyo kunyerera kubikurura hanze ni munsi ya aluminiyumu, niko ikoreshwa mugukora imyenda yubukungu-ishuri.
Hariho ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyane: iboneza ryimyigaragambyo ituma bishoboka gukoresha chip yoroheje nko kuzuza ikadiri, bigabanya ibipimo byinzu yumuryango. Ariko, sisitemu yicyuma iratandukanye. Niba unyuzwe na Guverinoma isanzwe ifite ubugari bukomeye 8mwo butarenza 2420912mm, noneho ibyifuzo byawe bizahuza na sisitemu ihendutse kandi ikunze kugaragara mu Burusiya. Kubintu byinshi byubukungu, ntabwo bifite ubukana buhagije bwo gukuraho imiterere yumuryango. Niba, kurugero, ukeneye Urubuga ufite uburebure bwa 2750mm, uburebure kugeza kuri 1100m hamwe no kuzuza ibibyimba 10-12m, iki gikorwa kizakemuka ukoresheje imyirondoro yibyuma. Iromera yimishinga igoye, ihujwe na chatvase, kabine nini imaze gukoresha sisitemu ya aluminium zifite ibyimunyuko hamwe na 18mm wijimye.
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Nkibintu nk'ibintu nk'ibintu by'imiryango, "Ingaruka zo mu gasuka" (yoroshye, yoroheje, yoroheje, yoroheje, yoroheje kandi yoroheje kandi yoroheje ya aluminiyumu gusa ikozwe mu buryo bwo hejuru bwa plastike, ifite ibikoresho byometseho kandi bifatanye n'imbaraga z'umupira kandi bifatanye n'izibacyuho inkunga. Abacuruza bihenze cyane batwikiriwe na Teflon kandi bafite ibikoresho byamasoko. Bitera kunyerera no guceceka.
Mubisanzwe abakora batanga amahitamo yombi. Kurugero, muri Mwari ya Aluminum itangwa murutonde rwafashwe na "Trim", n'icyuma "muri Arredo", Largo ", Largo 53. Birakwiye kuzigama kuri sisitemu? Ibi bigomba gukemurwa muri buri kibazo. Niba turimo kuvuga guhitamo sisitemu nyinshi za aluminiyumu, ntabwo ari byiza: sisitemu yo murugo kuva "ibyuma byimbere" ku isoko ntabwo igera ku bintu bigize Raupus na Kominis. Itandukaniro ryibiciro ntabwo ari byiza cyane, ariko imitungo yabaguzi yibicuruzwa bya bombi bitwa byombi ni hejuru cyane. Avot kugirango usimbuze Raumps yimbere ya Koreya ya Koreya yo muri Koreya, ubundi buryo bwa verisiyo yikirusiya cyangwa sisitemu yo kwibyuma- kugirango igukemure. Kurugero, niba coupe iri mu ipantaro, he ujya he rimwe mu cyumweru, - kuki utazigama amafaranga? Niba ukoresheje uburyo bwo kunyerera buri munsi, kuzigama kuri sisitemu, mubitekerezo byacu, ntibishoboka ko bikwiye. Cyane cyane ko uzahora ushoboye gutanga umwirondoro urangira, ni firime ya PVC yometseho cyangwa Veneer (karemano cyangwa farynet cyangwa farynet cyangwa farynet cyangwa farynet cyangwa farynet Eneer, mubisanzwe, bihenze cyane, kandi uhereye kumahitamo atandukanye na firime urashobora kandi guhitamo byingengo yimari, vuga, munsi yicyuma (munsi ya Treasury).
Tanga aho bidashoboka kwanga
Ibigo bimwe bya rimwe na rimwe bikora iterambere ritandukanye, bitanga abakiriya kugabanyiriza 30%. Byongeye kandi, abakora hafi ya bose bagurisha imurikagurisha ryingero zigabanywa bagera kuri 70%. Kurubuga rwibigo byinshi kuri ibyo byifuzo, urupapuro rwihariye hamwe namafoto, ibisobanuro, ibiciro byamaduka bigurishwa, aho byagurishijwe. Nibyo, guhitamo ni bito hano, ariko ubushobozi bwo kugura ibipimo bya 1/3 byigiciro gisanzwe kiracyashimishije cyane.
Imbere
Ahari ikintu cyingenzi kubakoresha nuburyo imyenda itunganijwe imbere. Igishushanyo mbonera cyiki kintu cyibikoresho nicyo ushobora kubitegura "ubusumbatire" nkuko bikubwiza (kandi byukuri, amahirwe yimari yemerera). Guhitamo kuzuza imbere ni bitandukanye bidasanzwe. Niba uva mubitekerezo byo kuzigama, ibintu bihamye nibikurura biva muri chipboard na plastiki bihendutse. Aba basanduku, na bo bari kumwe byuzuye cyangwa igice, aba nyuma ntibagera kugeza ku mperuka (ikomeza kuba 6-8 cm), ariko ntibibabuza na gato. Hamwe nubwiza bwa sanduku, itandukaniro ryibiciro rishobora kuba amafaranga agera kuri 900. Kuri 1 pc. Kurugero, viscoti ifite agasanduku gato ko kwagura (503020CM) bisaba amafaranga agera kuri 3100., kandi kimwe no kumwanya- hafi 2200.
Sisitemu yoroshye cyane igereranya gusiganwa, agasanduku, amanika na gace. Ikiranga cyoroshye cya Aluminium na DSP cyangwa agasanduku ka pulasitike byegeranijwe muri module yo guhagarika byoroshye kuzunguruka.
Mu rukundo, ubwoko bwuzuye bugira ingaruka ku giciro: Ikintu kimwe ni ugutumiza igikoma, igitebo gishimishije. Kurugero, ALDO SLF igura amafaranga 435., Agaseke k'ubukungu - 1100Rub., Na vibo (Ubutaliyani) Ifunguro rya 3040. Urashaka kuzigama kugeza 40% yikiguzi cyabaminisitiri? Hagarika ibikurura byinshi (nta gasanduku ntushobora gukora), nk'ibiseke, ipantaro, imitako ya karuseli, elevator, elevator, elevator, nta gushidikanya ko ari ingirakamaro kandi Korohereza cyane ubuzima bwa buri munsi, ariko urashobora kugarukira gusa kubuki. Cyangwa, hitamo uhereye kubikoresho byinshi byoroshye ibyo ukunda cyane. Gutekereza kubintu byimbere, ibuka ikintu cyingenzi - uburyo bwo gutanga uburyo bwose.
Guhuza
Ibigo byinshi bitanga abakiriya babo serivisi ishimishije yamaze gushyirwa ku nkoni. Urashobora gusimbuza ibyaguzwe kare kuruta ingengo yimari yikindi gihe gihenze kandi nimwimerere. Ni nako bigenda no kuzura imbere. Birashoboka kwishakira, kuvuga, guhambika, ipantaro, shyiramo kwinjira. Nk'uko abakora babikora, niba bidafite amafaranga yo kugaburira byuzuye ibimenyetso, iyi ntabwo arimpamvu yo kureka kugura. Urashobora gutumiza coupe no mubice, ariko kubwibyo ugomba guhitamo neza aho habematabiza. Mu ntangiriro, utumiza urufatiro (abayobora, imiryango, ibice), hamwe "byuzuye" "byuzuye" - bimaze kuba (urugero, igice kimwe gusa).
Abanditsi bashimira sosiyete Aldo, gucuruza inzu yubucuruzi, ecalum, mbor, viscoti kugirango ifashe mugutegura ibikoresho.