Nshuti

Uburyo bwo kubara amafaranga y'amazi mu nzu yo mu mijyi, agereranya gahunda yo kwishyura y'amazi yakoreshejwe. Gushiraho ibikoresho byibaruramari kugiti cyabo

Biherutse kwishyura amazi kubarusiya byari bimwe (byabazwe, bishingiye ku gipimo cya buri munsi cyo kurya ku muntu). Muri icyo gihe, rwose ntacyo bitwaye niba igihe gito cyabapangayi mu rugendo rw'akazi kandi ntibakoresha amazi muri iki gihe cyose, cyangwa, mu buryo bunyuranye, abavandimwe no kunywa amazi bibagezeho ibyumweru bibiri. Ukurikije ibikoresho byibaruramira ibintu byahindutse rwose. OT, ni byiza cyangwa kutayishyiraho metero, tuzavuga muriyi ngingo.

Ifoto ya Z. Ubunararibonye bwa Danidinanine - Uburambe bw'Uburayi bw'imyitwarire myiza n'umutungo kamere n'ubushobozi bwo gukiza amafaranga mu nzego z'imiturire no ku murenge wa komini byaje mu Burusiya hashize imyaka 8. Icyo gihe ni bwo ibikoresho bya buri muntu byo gukoresha amazi, ni ukuvuga metero y'amazi yagaragaye bwa mbere mu nzu ya muscovite. Ni iki cyayoboye abo "bapayiniya"? Icyifuzo cyo gukomeza Uburayi bwateye imbere, imyifatire yitonda kubyerekeranye namazi cyangwa icyifuzo cyo kugabanya ibiciro byabo?

Ntabwo tuzakeka, ariko, niko nkuko bishoboka, kwishyiriraho kuri konti ya buri muntu yari mu 2000. Intambwe nziza. Nibyo, tubikesha metero yihariye, kuzigama umuryango ugereranije byari amafaranga 150-200. Instez (hafi), ariko ibiciro byambere byari byinshi. Igiciro cya konte ubwayo ni 700-1500Rub., Amafaranga yakoreshejwe kugirango yishyireho - 1500. Kuva byibuze metero ebyiri zirakenewe (kumazi ashyushye kandi akonje ukwayo), ibiciro byiyongereye kabiri. Mu nyubako zitandukaniye mu gikoni mu gikoni n'ubwiherero, byasabwaga ibikoresho bine. Birashoboka ko imyaka 3-4-4 yagombaga kwisubiraho. Ahari, umuntu wabaguzi yarabaye, ariko kubera ko ubukungu bwo kwishyiriraho butakorwa, nta makuru nyayo.

Ariko, ntituzaguma kera cyane mu bihe byashize kandi tugerageza gusubiza ikibazo: "Uyu munsi Ese uyu munsi ushyiraho ibikoresho by'amazi kugiti cye?"

Ifoto 1. Ifoto Z.Rkurazutdinova

Ifoto ya 2. "Teplovoder"

Ifoto 3. Ifoto S. PONOMOMAREV

Ifoto ya 4. Ifoto S. PONOMOMAREV

1-2. Gutwara ibinyabiziga bigezweho / vsgd ("teplovoder") hamwe nicyitegererezo nkabo akenshi zashyizweho muri make. Yihishe muri niche, ntabwo ari intangiriro imbere yubwiherero

3-4. Kubishirizwa k'umubare munini wa metero, urashobora gukoresha inzira zitandukanye zo gushiraho imiyoboro itambitse cyangwa ihagaritse.

Gahunda yo kwishyura

Niki cyahindutse mugihe cyashize? Mbere ya byose, impinduka zasubijwe mu 1994. Kandi "amategeko ashya atangwa ku baturage" yasohotse hamwe na Oxsoste (reba Gushyira guverinoma y'ishyirahamwe ry'uburusiya ryo ku ya 23 Gicurasi 2006 No 307 "ku mikorere yo gutanga ibikorwa ku baturage"). Iyi nyandiko yagenje uburyo bwo kwishyura imiturire hamwe na serivisi za komini ukoresheje ubuhamya bwibikoresho rusange nibikoresho byibarirwa kugiti cyabo no kubura. Gahunda nyinshi zo kwishyura zatejwe imbere namazi ashyushye kandi akonje. Gusubiza ikibazo nyamukuru cyingingo yacu, tekereza kuri gahunda zose zihari. Turashimangira na none ko inzira yo kubara ibikorwa biterwa nuko hari amazi atemba munzu cyangwa atari. . itandukaniro ku muntu ku giti cye, emerera kugenzura ingano y'amazi gusa, ariko nanone ibipimo byiza: igitutu, ubushyuhe bw'amazi ..)

Bityo, Gahunda yambere . Niba nta meri nkuru cyangwa ku giti cye mu nzu, ihame ringana ibikorwa: abaturage bose bishyura kimwe bakurikije ibiciro biriho. Mutarama 2008 Ibiciro bikurikira byemejwe: Igiciro cya 1M3 amazi ashyushye - 57.51; 1M3 amazi akonje - 11.8 .; 1M3 Amazi (SEWAAGE) - IBUBASHA 9,1. Wibuke ko ibipimo ngenderwaho byamazi byinyubako zituyemo bitanga ibikoresho byamazi, imyanda, ubwogero, hamwe na buri mukode wanditse), ugereranije na buri mwaka wanditse), cyane cyane 384 / umunsi i Moscou.

Nkuko imyitozo yerekana, amafaranga agenga ibipimo ntabwo ari kure cyane ugereranije nishyurwa mubindi bikoresho (tuzabisobanura neza), nubwo umubare wibiciro byamazi utandukanye cyane nukuri. Nimucire urubanza wenyine. Kugirango, umuntu umwe atanywa amazi ya 1-2L, amara 35-40L mugukaraba amasahani, kugirango imikoreshereze yumusarani, 12-15L, ku bwashyingiraga ubwogero cyangwa ubugingo - 60-80L. Biragaragara ko ikigereranyo kigereranya amazi agera kuri 110-140l kumunsi, ntabwo ari na 384l, kubwishyura. AESLESY wagiye mukiruhuko cyangwa mu rugendo rw'akazi, uzakomeza kuza kuri konti imwe yo kunywa amazi nkabasigaye.

Cyangwa urundi rubanza: Abantu batatu biyandikishije mu nzu, Mama, Papa n'umuhungu bakuze (umukobwa), baba ahandi, ariko mubyukuri babaho kandi bakishimira serivisi za komini ebyiri. Kwandika amazi biza bije biyandikishije ku mugaragaro. Nkuko mubibona, ubwishyu muri gahunda yambere ntacyo ishoboye. Ariko, bitewe nuko kubara muri rusange bimaze gushyirwaho mu mazu arenga 90% by'inzu ya Moscou, uburinganire ku buryo buhoro buhoro bujya kera. Kubwibyo, dukomeza kwiga ubundi buryo bwo kubara.

Ifoto 5. "Dasi"

Ifoto 6. Ifoto V. Nefdova

Ifoto 7. "Fata neza"

Ifoto 8. Raab Karcher

Ibipimo byamazi byamazi byamazi bya Unimag (Schlumber)

6. Imitima ya metero yamazi Hitamo umurongo ugororotse wa horizontal cyangwa vertical

7. Amashanyarazi ya electromaGNETIC MR400, ("Kuramo")

8. INGINGO ZA IMPELLL CO Clorius Ibikoresho byo kurira Amazi (Raab Karcher)

Tekereza Gahunda ya kabiri Iyo igikoresho cy'itumanaho cyashyizwe munzu, kandi umuntu ku giti cye yabuze. Muri uru rubanza, ubwinshi bwo kwishyura bugenwa ku buryo bukurikira: Ubuhamya bwa metero rusange yinshuti bigabanyijemo umubare wabantu biyandikishije mu nzu, hanyuma kuri buri nzu yihariye, iki kimenyetso kigwira n'umubare wanditswe muri IT , hanyuma imibare yabonetse iragwira nibiciro byamazi ashyushye kandi akonje. Byasa nkaho ibintu byose byoroshye kandi uhereye kubijyanye no kuzigama bigomba kuba ingirakamaro. Ariko ntabwo byari bihari. Imyitozo yerekanwe ko nyuma yo kwishyiriraho ibikoresho rusange mu miryango yo kuyobora, ibibazo byinshi by'abapangayi byaminjagiye, amafaranga yo kunywa yariyongereye, rimwe na rimwe ndetse no mu bihe 2-3. Ibi byashoboka bite? Ikigaragara ni uko fagitire zigeze kuri buri muntu wiyandikishije mu nzu. Muri rusange ubu i Moscou ubuzima "bitemewe"? Rimwe na rimwe, abantu 4-5 mu cyumba cy'icyumba kimwe. Biragaragara ko konti isezerewe kumuntu (nyir'inzu), na bane cyangwa batanu bakoresha amazi. Igikoresho cyitumanaho gitwara aya mafaranga, kandi kigwa ku baturage bose bo mu rugo. Dore ibisobanuro ku kuba ubwishyu bwiyongereye muri 2-3rd. Rero, ubwishyu kuri metero yubuvuzi ntabwo ari ingirakamaro cyane kuko idashoboye kugenzura ibikoresha amazi muri buri nzu yihariye.

Vonale, Gahunda ya gatatu (By the way, ikunze kugaragara mubuzima busanzwe). Nk'uko itegeko ryavuzwe rya Guverinoma rya Federasiyo y'Uburusiya, niba metero y'urugendo yashizwemo kwinjira mu nzu kandi hari ibikoresho byo kurira hamwe mu nzu ku giti cye, hashyizweho ibikoresho byihariye byoherejwe, abafite ibipimo ngenderwaho, bakishyura mubipimo bibiri: Ubwa mbere, ukurikije inzu ya mbere Metero y'amazi, naho icya kabiri, ukoresheje ibikenewe byo hanze, bigenwa bishingiye ku buhamya bw'igikoresho cya metero rusange. Muri rusange, igitekerezo kimeze neza: umugabane runaka wibiyobyabwenge rusange byiyongera kumazu yawe hamwe namakuru yawe yose agwizwa na marike. Iyi sangira ibarwa ukoresheje coeffificure igoye. Bisobanuwe nkigipimo cya genda rusange (muri comptoir) ku gaciro kamwe kabazwe igizwe n'amagambo abiri y'amagorofa hamwe n'amafaranga akoreshwa mu nzu adafite ibikoresho bya buri umukode wanditse.

Iravuka (kandi rwose n'amategeko) ibintu bidasobanutse. Niba ba nyirubwite bose bafite amazu munzu, ubwishyu bufite agaciro, ukurikije ibiciro nyabyo. Ikak yerekana imyitozo, aya mafaranga ni make cyane ugereranije nibyo nagombaga kwishyura kugirango nishyireho metero yamazi. Ariko niba hari amazu make hamwe nibikoresho byibaruramari kunzu, ba nyirubwite birashoboka cyane ko bagomba gukora amafaranga menshi kumazi kuruta mbere (cyane cyane niba amazi menshi yatemye cyangwa hari umubare munini wabaturage batanditseho). Biragaragara ko wenyine shyira comptoir idaharanira inyungu. Rero, birakenewe rero guhamagarira kwishyiriraho hamwe nabandi ba nyirubwite.

Kazoza kuri metero y'amazi

Ibintu byasobanuwe ni ukuburanisha abaturage bafite metero y'amazi ku giti cyabo, kandi cyane cyane umubare wifuza gushinga amagorofa. Umwanya ujyanye no kwishyura ukurikije ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza amazi ku giti cye byaganiriweho cyane mu itangazamakuru n'inama za guverinoma ya Moscou. Ariko, uyumunsi gusa kubatuye amazu ya komini bashyizemo metero yamazi kugiti cye kugirango bakore amazi ukurikije ibyatsi bibi. Noneho, niba utuye murugo rwa komine, urashobora kuvuga ko utavuga rumwe ko gushiraho ibikoresho bya buri muntu bikugirira akamaro rwose. Ubwa mbere, wishyura gusa amajwi nyayo yakoreshejwe; Icya kabiri, ntushobora kwiyumvisha icyemezo cyo kubura by'agateganyo abagize umuryango kugira ngo basubire amafaranga y'amazi; Icya gatatu, ntabwo wishyura amazi kubatuye murugo rwawe kandi ukarya amazi, ariko ntabwo wanditswe muri yo. Nukuri, urashobora kuvuga gusa kuzigama nyabyo gusa niba utabyitayeho ukoresheje amazi nabasatendori bose mumagorofa barakora.

Avot abatuye amazu aho ari hoa na HCC, ibiciro byo kudakenera urugwiro ntibirinda. Isv kandi ibi ntabwo ari byinshi cyane. Kubara muburyo butandukanye, bitewe nabanyamuryango batoranijwe muri Shome (HCC). Kurugero, buri kwezi 5% yubuhamya bwibikoresho rusange bigabanijwe numubare wabatuye munzu, nyuma yiki kimenyetso kigomba kongerwaho amakuru kugiti cye, hanyuma ugwize umubare wavuye kuri marike. Niba ushyize mu gaciro ku bijyanye no gukoresha umutungo w'amazi, metero y'amazi ku giti cye (nk'uko Abascovite babishyizeho) bazakiza 20-50% by'amafaranga wishyuye mbere. AESLY mumaze igihe kinini adahari murugo, ntacyo uzishyura ikindi kitari amafaranga rusange. Kubwibyo, igisubizo cyikibazo cyatanzwe mugitangiriro cyingingo yacu ntibishimishije: kwishyiriraho metero yamazu ni ingirakamaro rwose mubukungu.

Ntabwo tuzibagirwa ko ibikoresho byinzu ari umunyamuryango wumuguzi, umunezero ntabwo uhendutse kandi ntushobora kubigura. Kubwibyo, guverinoma ya Moscou yafashe icyemezo cyo gufasha kurinda abaturage batuye mu nzu ya komine, ndetse n'abahawe inkunga. Abasigaye bagomba gushyira amazu y'amazi kumara. Nigute wabikora?

Ifoto 9. Techem.

Ifoto 10. "ITELMA-SERIVECE"

Ifoto 11. Ifoto ya D. Minkin

Ifoto 12.

Ibirego byumuryango umwe ku rugi n'ubukonje na bushyushye vz90 (Techem) biroroshye kwishyiriraho ahantu hose, ndetse no kwiyuhagira

10-11.Inzira z'abaturage b'Abarusiya zirashobora gushirwa ibikoresho byoherejwe mu gitabo cya Leta, ndetse no kugira pasiporo n'icyemezo cyo guhuza

12. Kubaka konte ya MK90E, ishingiye kuri microelectronika nyinshi zigezweho

Dushiraho ibara

Niba uhisemo gushyira konti kugiti cyawe, ibuka ko nta mateur yabaza ari ikaze. Ubwa mbere, yemerewe gushiraho konti gusa ari abanyamuryango ba leta zisanzwe za leta zikozwe mu gitabo cya Leta cya Leta ya Federasiyo y'Uburusiya (ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura tekiniki na metero). Icya kabiri, Desi Ku mubiri ntashobora gufata inshingano zo kubungabunga no gusana ibintu byinshi byemejwe, bityo bikakora hamwe nibintu bigufi byibikoresho.

Ukurikije uburyo bwakoreshejwe bwo kunywa amazi, metero zose zigabanyijemo tachometric, havuzwe haruguru, voluminometic, voluminometric, voluminometric, ultrasonometric, ultrasound, hamwe, hamwe na diaphragm idr.

Uyu munsi mu nzu z'Abarusiya, ibikoresho byoroheje, bihendutse kandi byizewe bihagije, aho amazi azenguruka icyuma cy'ibiziga by'ibaba ndetse n'ubu buryo bwo kubara gikora ukoresheje ikwirakwizwa. Muri ubwo bumenyi bwitwa "kunamura", "turntacts".

Ubundi bwoko bwa compate ya tachometric - "gusinzira": Igikoresho cyo kubara gitandukanijwe namazi hamwe nigice cyerekana. Batandukanijwe no kwizerwa no kuramba, ariko hariho "ababazwa bihenze cyane."

Ibipimo byinshi byibipimo binatanga umurongo mwinshi "gusinzira", aho umugezi w'ikimenyetso ugabanijwemo indege nyinshi mbere yo kwinjira mu gicuku.

Kumena umutwe hejuru yuburyo budakenewe kugirango uhitemo. Kubaguzi, Ibipimo byo gutoranya byashyizweho neza: Bigomba kuba ibaba "ibitonyanga", kubarwa ku bushyuhe bw'amazi kugeza kuri 90 ° C, hamwe na diameter yo mu buryo busanzwe bwa 15mm, hamwe n'amazi meza ya 1.5m3 / h Kumanyu hamwe nuwinjizamo imbeho hamwe ninjiza imwe yuburyo bwamazi (kumazu hamwe na inyongeramusaruro ebyiri - 1m3 / h). Menyeferentry yo guhangana n'ibisabwa bijyanye no kurekura abantu bo mu rugo ndetse n'abanyamahanga "." Teplovodomer "," Uburusiya " Siteling Sisitemu (Ubufaransa) Idr. Igiciro cyibikoresho biva kuri 400-500 kugeza 800-1600. (Biragaragara ko kubara cyane hamwe nibisohoka byavutse).

Kugirango ushireho konti, ugomba kuvugana nagenwe hamwe namagambo yerekeye kwishyiriraho ibikoresho byo kuri metero y'amazi no gutanga umusaruro ukurikije ubuhamya bwabo. Hano uzahabwa amakuru yerekeye ibigo (munsi yubuyobozi bwibanze) busohoza akazi nibiciro kubikoresho. Iyo konte ishingiye ku ishyirwaho ry'ibikoresho, uzishyurwa, umuryango wihariye uzabashira mu nzu yawe kandi utange inyandiko zikurikira: Gushyira amasezerano yo kwishyiriraho ibizamini, uruhushya rwo guhuza, kurinda pasiporo. Kwishyiriraho igikoresho cyo gukoresha amazi kugiti cye gitwara imb 4800.

Nyuma yo gushiraho metero y'amazi, ugomba gutumira uhagarariye isosiyete yo kuyobora kugirango ikore igikorwa cyo kubahiriza. Ibikorwa byimpande eshatu basinyirije abahagarariye isosiyete yubuyobozi itanga ibikorwa hamwe numuryango wihariye wakoze ibikoresho byo kwishyiriraho ibikoresho, hamwe nabakodesha.

Byongeye kandi, ugomba gufata amasezerano na sosiyete ishinzwe imiyoborere kugirango wishyure amazi kubikoresho bishinzwe ibaruramari byerekana uburyo bwo gukuraho no kohereza amakuru avuye kuri corut. Nyuma yibyo, uzagira raporo ya buri kwezi gusa gusoma metero muri EIRC (kugiti cye cyangwa kuri terefone).

Igipimo cyo gukoresha amazi (kumuntu kumunsi)

Igihugu	Umubumbe w'amazi, l
Ubushinwa	100
Ubudage	125.
Ubufaransa	164.
Ubwongereza	168.
Ubusuwisi	237.
Ubutaliyani	242.
Amerika	295.