Inzego zo Kurinda Windows: Igishushanyo cya Lattice, Ubwoko bwa Swing Shurters, imikorere ya shitingi zigezweho, inzira zo gutwara ibicuruzwa. Gusubiramo isoko
Ifoto K. Manko.
Shurters (rollers) yagaragaye mu Butaliyani kumpera ya XiHwek. Ku ikubitiro, canvas kuri bo yari ikozwe mu biti lamellae ihungabana. Urwego na Aluminium yaje gusimbuza igiti
Abakora benshi bo mumadirishya yimbaho bakorewe kandi bakinga ibintu bimwe. Urashobora kubategeka gusa hamwe nidirishya.
Ifoto M.STEPANOV
Laman yinjije muri Canvase y'abatumva igufasha gusura icyumba hamwe na shitingi, ariko igishushanyo kiba munsi yo kwiba
Ifoto K. Manko.
Idirishya ryidirishya rirashobora kuba rifite ibikoresho byubugari ubwo aribwo bwose, uburebure nububiko. Nkigihe cyatumije Windows, inzobere muri sosiyete izaza aho uri kandi igakora ibipimo, kandi nibiba ngombwa, inyandikorugero kuva Plywood cyangwa Orcota zizakora kurubuga. Amakosa kubipimo biganisha ku bibazo bikomeye mugihe ushyiraho
Ifoto M.STEPANOVA, D.VNNIVTSSEV
Igishushanyo cy'idirishya kigomba guhuza muburyo rusange.
Swing gride ifite ifumbire idasanzwe hamwe na vertical isabiri
Imwe mu makosa ya Lattices idafunguwe- Guhora "Reba" uhereye ku idirishya
Windows muri etage ya kabiri yinzu yigihugu ikeneye kurindwa kuri munsi yabandi
Sisitemu ifite indangagaciro zihenze cyane kuruta hamwe na bolt ifunga, ariko ntabwo yizewe
Igishushanyo cy'ibyuma bya Lamellae: Ibyuma by'icyuma;
B - shusho ya z-shusho;
Kurinda sash yumuyoboro wigishushanyo cyurukiramende
Abakora barashobora gukora swing shiting kubifungura. Nibiba ngombwa, buri flap ikozwe muri charvase ebyiri, ibahuza n'imisozi nk'igice c'umuryango - "ingwate"
Shitingi ya roller na canvas bihujwe hamwe na eaves ihuza
Canvas kuva aluminum ya anodise yimbuye ya garingizo. Bizwi (cartan) gutwara byizewe kandi byoroshye kubyitwaramo
Ukoresheje igenzura rya kure, urashobora kugabanya ifunga ryuzuye kuri Windows yose icyarimwe
Diameter yumuzingo, bityo, ibipimo byisanduku yambukiranya imipaka biterwa nuburebure bwa canvas (uburebure bwidirishya rifungura)
Ifoto K. Manko.
Isanduku-mu gasanduku igabanya urumuri, ariko ni bake
Kwinjiza agasanduku gahagarara mu rukuta, mbere yo kubaka bigomba kugirwa inama n'inzobere muri sosiyete itanga ikoranabuhanga risa no guhindura umushinga w'inzu. Gusimbura niches ntabwo bizabishobora
Kubaka idirishya rikingira:
Agasanduku kagenzuwe;
Ubusa;
Volo;
G-idirishya
Kutagira, mugihe inteko yagezi yafunzwe na kamere;
B-kuzinga hamwe nurukuta rwakurikiyeho;
Gufunga ahantu
Hackers yabigize umwuga, ucibwa abaperedikanya, ntutitererana ubuhanga bwabo, ariko mubikorwa bashaka kugabanya ibiciro byimirimo byibuze. Niyo mpamvu amazu afite amadirishya adakikijwe akubera mwiza cyane.Tegereza ko igishushanyo icyo ari cyo cyose kirinda kizatanga ingaruka zifatika kubateye mumitekerereze, ba nyir'igihugu mu bihugu bitimukanwa hamwe n'amagorofa ya mbere n'iya nyuma by'imijyi ntibishoboka. Nyamuneka menya ko "umwuga" uhagije kugirango utere intambwe imwe kubicuruzwa ubwabyo nuburyo byashyizweho kugirango usuzume ibishoboka byo kugera mucyumba. Nibyo, kandi abanyabinyaruzi boroheje barashobora kugerageza kwirwanaho "amenyo". Akock yatsinze inzitizi "uburyo bworoshye" ntabwo buzakora (imiterere yo kurinda Windows hafi ya Windows ntabwo itanga kugirango ifungure urufunguzo hanze), birashoboka ko ukoresha ingaruka mbi. Rero, Imbaraga (Kurwanya Birglar) - Mbere ya byose. Biterwa kimwe nubwiza bwibicuruzwa nuburyo bwo kwishyiriraho. Ariko, imbaraga zimbaraga, ariko natwe ntidushaka inzu yakundaga kwibutsa ububiko, ikigo cyangwa cyane cyane, gereza. Bizabimenya, igikenewe kuvuka ku bushobozi ugaragara kubwubatsi bwinyubako, kubera ko bakinguye, hamwe n'impumyi y'imyambarire, hamwe n'imbuga) zirashobora kubahiriza, kandi zihindura isura. Kschastina, isoko rya kijyambere ritanga ihitamo ryinshi ryibicuruzwa byiza kandi bikora.
Hamwe na idirishya ryabanjije
Idirishya mu Burusiya, rya kera, ririnzwe na shitingi. VKERYye skewls irageragezwa, yimukira ku nkuta ku mbuto (utubari hamwe na groove yatoranijwe muri bo), yari ikirangaga n'icyigero cy'idirishya. Windows nk'iyi yitwa impyisi. Kwiyambura ikirahure (usanzwe uzunguruka) cyabaye uburinzi bwinyongera ku bukonje n'izuba ryizuba, kandi, birumvikana, kandi, byanze bikunze, kandi bikaba bivuye ku mutungo. Shitingi hamwe na platbands akenshi zishushanyijeho imitako igoye.
Ibiti byimbaho kandi muri iki gihe ni ibintu byingenzi byumuco usigaye murugo. Hari ubwoko butatu nyamukuru shutters: w'Imurikabikorwa (igitego kuva imbaho), Puleyi (inkoni mu Ikadiri na Iyinjizamo) na lamella (kayungiro). Muri icyo gihe, ingabo z'ingabo ziva mu rutare rukomeye, zishimangirwa n'imirongo y'ibyuma ndetse n'inguni, kandi zifite ibikoresho byo guhaguruka cyangwa sisitemu ya Valve, irashobora kurengera urugo rwawe.
Byose Mu HanzeMurakoze kugereranya no kugereranya no gukosora kwikiganza cya shampiyona mu nzego zo gukingira Windows, GLADD GLADD ikozwe mu byuma iracyafite. Ibintu byakorewe ahanini inkoni ifite diameter ya 10-18mm, imirongo ya 12, 14, 16mm na 4mm nini hamwe numusaraba hamwe numusaraba wasaraba 1212, 1414, 1616m. Gutegura ibice runaka, bisudikurwa nubufasha bwa ARCORY ARC gusudira, gukora icyitegererezo. Gukubita agace mubisanzwe ukoreshe inguni hamwe nubunini bwa metero 20, 30 cyangwa 40m, ariko akenshi bimara kubimara. Igomba kwitondera ko inkombe ifite intera nini (zirenga 200m) hagati yinkoni cyangwa ubunini bukozwe mumirongo itarenze 4mm igira uruhare rwo kurinda agaciro ahubwo. Kugirango ubasubize hamwe na hacsaw (hamwe na "abahanzi" bashoboye gukorana nabanya singles ndende), bizatwara igihe kitari gito. Inzobere zirasaba gukoresha diameter hamwe na diameter byibura 16mm cyangwa kare hamwe nigice cyambukiranya kuva 1414mm, muriki gihe, abateye bazakenera ibikoresho byubutegetsi cyangwa Autogen. Guhuza Ubukode bwibice bitandukanye no gushyira mu bikorwa byagoramye, bigoramye mubyitegererezo, kimwe nibikorwa bito byabigizemo uruhare, urashobora gukora uburyo bugaragara.
Nk'ubutegetsi, abakora batanga uburyo butandukanye bwa kato hamwe na "isanzwe", ni ukuvuga, gufata ibintu bitandukanye. GLALDS GLILLES igiciro 1-3 ibihumbi 1-3. Kuri 1h2, bitewe nigice cyambukiranya kizunguruka, kigoye cyicyitegererezo nuburyo bwo gushushanya. Umukiriya arashobora kugira ibyo ahindura kubishushanyo byibicuruzwa, usaba guhuza ibice bitandukanye, ariko igiciro kizaba 25-50%.
Amahirwe menshi yo gushushanya amadirishya ya Window atanga inteko yibice kashe, kugirango umusaruro wa hydraulic ukoreshe. Ntibyoroshye gutandukanya ibicuruzwa nkibi muri wizard: ibice biragoye, kandi ibimenyetso byo gutunganya imtoki bishyirwa hejuru yubutaka hamwe nurwego rwo hejuru rwo kwizerwa. Iwa ibi bicuruzwa ntabwo yitwaza ko buri muntu wihariye. Ibicuruzwa bimwe byahimbwe biruta imyanya ikomeye: hamwe nicyitwa kubuntu, monoxide ya karubone (yuzuyemo karubone, kandi imiterere yacyo iba im nini yicyuma, kandi imiterere yacyo irahinduka. Ukuboko k'ubuhanzi Guhisha, nko kwihisha, stylisation munsi ya kera, rimwe na rimwe bituma habaho akazi k'ubukorikori, ariko icyarimwe ibicuruzwa bihenze cyane. Igiciro cya 1m2 cyakozwe nimashini imashini ni kuva ku bihumbi 2.5, kandi nintoki byakozwe mugura amafaranga ibihumbi n'ibihumbi. Kuri 1m2.
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2. Ibintu bidasanzwe byanditse birafunzwe, nko muminsi yashize, hakoreshejwe clamps
3. Itapi igufasha gukora imitako iyo ari yo yose, uhereye kuri geometrike yoroshye kumboga gigoye, zoomorphic cyangwa abstract
4. Guha ingaruka zo gushushanya ibirango, bimwe mubice byayo byashizwe munsi yumuringa
5. Gushakisha imigenzo, Hindged Latèce rimwe na rimwe irimbishijwe na Versels
6. Kunahana Ikadiri ikozwe mu mwobo
Ni ngombwa ko ibicuruzwa bimaze igihe kinini bishimiye isura yawe. Ato ahanini biterwa nuburyo bwo kurwanya ruswa. Guhangana na alkyd bihenze alkyd yumusaruro wo murugo bizakora imyaka 1-2, bitumizwa mu mahanga bitumizwa, muri Danemark), Tikkurla (Finlande (Finlande (Ubwongereza) Idr.- Imyaka y'Ubwongereza) Kwitandukanya - gutunganya hamwe nibigize (amabara yibanze: umuringa, icyatsi, umuringa) - munsi yubuhanga, burashobora kurinda ibyuma, birashoboye kurinda ibyuma bimaze imyaka 10. Ingwate ku ibara ry'ifu rimaze imyaka igera kuri 20, ariko, igiti nk'iki ntabwo ari gihe gihenda (Byongeye kandi ibihumbi 2. Kuri 1m2).
Igomba kwibukwa ko mugushiraho inkono ihamye kandi idateganijwe kumadirishya yose, bityo ikongeza amategeko yumutekano wumuriro (p. 40 ppb 01-03), kurenga ku nzira yimurwa mu rugo cyangwa mu nzu. Kubahiriza amahame, imwe muri gride igomba gukorwa swing. Kwanduza ibisebe byo mu gace ka none by'ubu bwoko bugizwe n'umuyoboro w'ikirango cyangwa kare, rimwe na rimwe, uhereye ku mfuruka. Ikanzu yo muri sash irasudikwa no gukuraho imbunda (ibyuma, hejuru hejuru ya sash) kandi igaha ibikoresho bidasanzwe hamwe na vellards yihariye hamwe na vertical vellards kandi ntabwo ifite ubujura buhagije). Roskada Latcices ikozwe mu cyuma kandi ihimbwe - kubyara ibigo "imiti ya M"), "SHVERSIS", "Shrsor" (byose - Uburusiya) Idr.
Memo kumuntu ku giti cye
1. Mugihe wubaka inzu yigihugu kuva muri selile (muri gaze-selicate, ibanga rya beto.) Icyemezo cyo gukenera kurengera Windows cyafashwe neza mbere yubaka inkuta. Ibi bizagufasha gutanga ikimenyetso mu kashe y'imyanda yo gushimangira byibuze 50mm, aho ushiraho inyanja cyangwa agasanduku karasuye nyuma yo gufungura.
2. Niba umushinga utanga amadirishya kandi ushaka gutondekanya akantu, muganire kuri iki kibazo hamwe nubwubatsi mbere yo gutangira kubaka.
3. Okonny ibuza umusozi mwiza hagati yimbitse yo gufungura cyangwa kubihindura kucyumba. Ibi ntibizarinda ikirahure gusa, ahubwo bizanatanga amahirwe yo gukomeza gushira umusozi urinda wizewe.
4. Ku buryo busanzwe, inzego zokingira zashyizweho mbere yuko habaho hanze kurangiza inzu (plastersing, ihuza ibishusho, bitwikiriye.p.
Nko muri keraSwing ifunga ikomata nkeya muri ba nyiri amazu. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa swing shitingi: Abatumva na Lamella. Nibindi nibindi bigizwe nisanduku (bikunze kwita kumwanya wabatwara), bikozwe mu mfuruka cyangwa mu muyoboro w'igice cy'urukiramende (4020 cyangwa 5030 mm) hamwe na platband isusu, na sash.
Shitingi zo gutumva ni impapuro za 1.5-22mm ndende, zisudikumwe kuva mu muyoboro wurukira urukiramende, kare (shyiramo tekinoroji imwe yo gukora imiryango yicyuma, ariko muri verisiyo yoroshye yimbavu yimbere ya gukomera kuri sash oya; icyakora, ni ngombwa gutondekanya sash kuba ifite amapaki arwanya ubusa abuza uburyo bwo kwikuramo cyangwa guca imigezi). Abafunga nk'abo babereye cyane abajya "bambara" urugo rwabo mu gihe cy'itumba. Menya ubunyangamugayo: haba kumugaragaro, kandi mumwanya ufunze basa neza cyane. Ariko mu mpeshyi, sash irashobora gukurwa mubirenge, kandi ugutwi ubwabyo ntabwo bigaragara cyane.
Kuri Parike ya Lamella aho kuba urupapuro rwibyuma, akenshi ruherereye (ubugari 30- 50mm na 2m-minikoni) bakoreshwa muburyo bwumurongo wa Z-. Ibigo bimwe byatanzwe kugirango utegeke Shutter na Lamellas yibyuma 4mm. Ibicumbaro cyangwa urusaku kumwanya wo gusudira ingingo (buri kimwe muri byo gikosowe mumanota ane cyangwa esheshatu), cyangwa shyiramo ibice byaciwe muri laser muri imwe murukuta rwumwirondoro. Ihitamo ryanyuma rihenze cyane, ariko ritanga ubujura bwiyongereye. Funga shitingi haba kumurongo wo hejuru kandi wo hasi, cyangwa kumurongo udasanzwe usa n'umutekano. Ihitamo ryingirakamaro cyane rifunguye, umwanya ufunguye, udatanga umuyaga ufunga sash. Shutter irashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye nibiboneza: Kaze, kuzenguruka, mpandeshatu, ingaragu, bibiri- na bine-bine. Ibigo byinshi by'Uburusiya bitanga Swingserving Freteters ("MetAllmanthazservice", "Abashumba bashya", "Hersor" Idr), bapfukirana ifu ya ewameli. Hano hari ibitutsi bitumva kuva ku bihumbi 3.5. Kuri 1h2, Lamella ihenze cyane - hafi ibihumbi 7. Kuri 1m2.
Muburyo bushyaMu mujyi uzunguruka ni ubundi buryo nyamukuru bwo gusudira. Nka swinging shitingi, bakwemerera gufungura byimazeyo. Mubyongeyeho, shitingi ya roller isa neza cyane, irashobora kuba ifite ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (harimo no kugenzura kure), byitonda byikora bitabira impinduka mu kirere, cyangwa igihe cyo gufungura no gufunga. Ihame ryibikorwa bihumye ni: Umwenda ugizwe na lamellae asobanutse, shushanya kuri bayobozi iherereye kuruhande rwo gufungura. Ubukonje kuri shaft, bikurwaho mu gasanduku, kandi iyo igiti kizunguruka kuruhande, cyamanutse munsi yuburemere bwacyo. Yakuye kumwanya wurubuga rushyirwa ahagaragara hepfo cyangwa ukesha igishushanyo mbonera cya shaft hamwe nigikoresho cyimpumyi. IVD "No 9 kuri 2002).
Hack Kurwanya Impumuro zidasanzwe biterwa ahanini nibikoresho bya lamellae. Iyanyuma ikozwe mucyarwaburimbu (kuzunguruka kandi iranyeganyega) cyangwa ibyuma (uhereye ku ibyuma bikonje bikaze. 08-12mm-profick) imyirondoro. Lavers kuva kumwirondoro wa Aluminium afite imibavu yimbere, ikomeye kuruta kuzunguruka yuzuye polyurethane. Insinga zakozwe mu ibyuma rikomeye ku cyuho, ariko biraremereye kuruta aluminium kandi bisaba kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi akomeye (igiciro cy'imiti 5 y'amashanyarazi) cyangwa uburyo bw'impeshyi (kuva ku bihumbi by'impeshyi (kuva ku bihumbi by'impeshyi (kuva ku bihumbi by'impeshyi (kuva ku bihumbi by'impeshyi (kuva ku bihumbi by'impeshyi (kuva ku bihumbi by'impeshyi (kuva ku bihumbi by'impeshyi (kuva ku bihumbi by'impeshyi).
Igikorwa cyamahugurwa mumirima yacu, ba nyir'amazu n'amagorofa bahura n'ikibazo nk'iki gishushanyo nko gushushanya imiterere yo kugenda k'ubuyobozi kuri canvas. Amabwiriza asaba mugihe gishushanyo "igikoresho" canvas hanze cyangwa imbere mbere yo guterura. Ariko, urabona, uhora ukurikirana urufatiro rugoye, kandi mbere yo kwibagirwa bishobora kuguruka ku giceri - kubera ko cyayo, moteri moteri ihenze yarwanijwe. Kschastina, ubu moteri tutaruye cyane ntabwo byahawe isoko ryacu (nyamara, mugihe bugura umuzingo, reba aho ushakisha iyi myambarire).
Imbere y'i Roller zikorwa ahanini n'ibice bitumizwa mu mahanga - ibigo byinshi: "MILALTROY", "ROLLALL", "ROLLAL-SERIVIAL". " Igiciro 1m2 shitingi ya shitingi hamwe nibice bivuye kubyumvikanisha kuzunguruka 55mm z'ubugari (byavuzwe n'abakora igihe cyo kurwanya igihe cyo kurwanya, 5-15min) - kuva kuringaniza ibihumbi 1.5; Kuva ku myirondoro ya aluminiyumu (kurwanya igihe, 15-30min) - kuva ku bihumbi 2.8; Kuva kumyirondoro y'ibyuma (Kurwanya igihe - 30min) - kuva ku bihumbi 2.6.
Uruziga rwa roller kuri mansard
Igiciro cyo kurinda idirishya kigereranywa nigiciro cyidirishya ubwaryo. Kurugero, Idirishya ryibiciro ryubunini bwa Velux ni 11878mm (harimo ikiguzi cyumushahara) - 9900., Na roller impumyi kuri 1- 10100.
Imvugo yo gutsindaUbundi dushimangira ko abatazi gusoma no kwandika, "gushimagiza" bashoboye kugabanya ubujura bwo kurwanya ubujura ndetse no gushushanya neza. Icyemezo cyo kurinda Windows kigomba gufatwa hakiri kare bishoboka.
Uburyo bwo gushiraho inkombe na swing shit biterwa nubujyakuzimu bwibihamye hamwe nibikoresho byurukuta. Niba ubujyakuzimu bwibintu burenze 100mm, kandi inkuta zitunganijwe mumatafari, beto cyangwa ibiti, guhuza (cyangwa agasanduku) bikaba byashyizwe mubyo bikabamo hamwe na anchor pin ya mm ya 12 n'uburebure bwa mm 150 cyangwa (niba urukuta) rutera inzara byibuze 8mm n'uburebure bwa 100mm. Intambwe yo kumugereka ntigomba kurenza 500mm. Iremewe kandi gushiraho igishushanyo cyo gukingira no gushimangira uburyo bwashyizwe ku rutonde binyuze mu matwi "amatwi yasumbanyije kuri kadamu.
Niba idirishya ryashyizwe munzu yigihugu cyawe, idirishya ryashyizwe hamwe nindege (ntaho bihuriye cyane), menya ubushyuhe bwinshi bwigishushanyo kinini kigoye cyane: Gutema birashobora gukosorwa gusa no kuzenguruka, na Ihutira gukubitwa urukuta ntizashobora kurwanya imbaraga zo gukanda. Niba urukuta ari amatafari cyangwa beto, inzira yonyine yo kongera kwizerwa kwimigambi yo kurinda ni uguhisha ikadiri munsi yimitako yo hanze yurukuta, idashobora gusiga ibice bishobora gufatwa.
Hariho uburyo butatu bwo kwinjizamo roler impumyi: Kuzenguruka, hamwe no gushiraho agasanduku mugukingura no gushiramo agasanduku kurukuta. Iya mbere irakunze kugaragara, kuko byoroshye gushyira mu bikorwa mu ngo aho hantu hiruka. Ariko, mumujyi, guhuza ibishishwa kw'amasanduku ya kure biragoye rwose, kandi urusase rw'inzu y'igihugu bashoboye gushushanya kure kuva buri gihe. Byongeye kandi, kwikuramo umujura byo hejuru birasabwa cyane, kuko hari byoroshye kugera kuri bayobora (birashobora gukururwa kurukuta ukoresheje igikoresho cyoroshye).
ISEGONDA Uburyo butuma igice haba burundu nturi agasanduku mu gufungura no gutuma zidakunze, ndetse gukomeza bahumye ku mabanga y'imisozi, bityo gukurikirana kurushaho ubujura kurwanya wa imiterere (vyihutirwa mu bahumye mu rukuta bizaturinda mu muhezo web , ni iki kigira uruhare rwa spacers). Ariko, agasanduku gafunga hejuru yidirishya, kandi nubwo rimwe na rimwe bishoboka kose kubishushanya hanze, uhereye imbere bizakomeza kugaragara, keretse niba hari amasaha hamwe nidirishya. Ariko sisitemu nk'iyi yitwa Kurinda Windows, zitangwa na blaurock, Schco, ibigo bya SKSSTAKUSIIT (Ubudage bwose) Idr. - Hano hari inzu nyinshi, nkuko zishobora gushyirwaho gusa kugirango zisimbuze Windows. Ni idirishya rya pulasitike ryaragenzuwe hakoreshejwe umwirondoro uhuza hamwe nisanduku ishyushye iri hejuru yacyo (nayo kuva PVC). Muri uru rubanza, uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho buroroshye kwihisha munsi y'urukuta haba hanze ndetse n'imbere. Kumazu yo mumijyi, Windows nkiyi arinda, wenda, irahujwe neza. Naho igiciro cyabo, bingana nigiciro rusange cyidirishya no kuzunguruka bizunguruka (ni ukuvuga, igiciro cyidirishya cyiyongera mubihe hafi 2).
Uburyo bwa gatatu aho niche itunganijwe mu rukuta hejuru yo gufungura, ari byiza nko kumwanya wo gutanga ibihano byo kwirwanaho no kubungabunga ibitekerezo. Yoo, ntabwo iboneka kubafite amazu yo mumijyi.
Ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho giterwa nibikoresho byinkike hasi, ariko, nkitegeko, ntabwo birenga 20% byigiciro cyibicuruzwa. Ibi bikoreshwa kuri kimwe mu nzego zifatwa.
Ibiranga ubwoko bwingenzi bwo kurinda Windows
| Umutungo | Inkombe | Kwiga Ibyuma Bitumva | Ibyuma bya steel steel | Uruziga |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kurinda ibirahuri biva hanze | - | +. | +. | +. |
| Ibicuruzwa mumwanya ufunze | +. | - | +. | - |
| Ibishoboka byo guhumeka cyane | +. | - | +. | - |
| Amahirwe ya manipulation hamwe na sash (cyangwa urubuga) hamwe nidirishya rifunze | - | - | - | +. |
| Kurwanya Igihe Hacking * Iminota 30 | +. | +. | +. | - |
| * - Muri lattics na swingi funga iyi parameter biterwa nubwiza bwo gukora |
Abanditsi bashimira isosiyete "Shurters nshya", "Svarog", "stroser-stroservice", velux, urugi rwa ubufasha mugutegura ibikoresho.