Ibiranga amazu n'amakoperative yegeranye hamwe namakoperative yabaguzi: Bihujwe nibitandukaniro, ibyiza nibibi, amahame yakazi
Kugura inzu, nkuko ubizi, ukeneye umubare munini, ariko ntabwo buri gihe. Urashobora gukora ibyo kugura ukoresheje gahunda zidasanzwe. Inguzanyo no kugabana uruhare mu kubaka birasanzwe. Amakoperative yimiturire hamwe namakoperative ntabwo akunzwe cyane, kandi mumbabarire ...
Inyungu nyamukuru yo kwitabira amazu hamwe na koperative yuzuye hamwe ninguzanyo isanzwe-idashidikanywaho kandi yoroshye: muri Lna ifata byose, usibye, inguzanyo ni inyungu. Umunyamigabane agomba kwishyurwa buri mwaka 3-5% byamafaranga yatijwe, mubyukuri bifite amafaranga yo kuba umunyamuryango kandi ujye kubiri muri koperative
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kuzigama amabanki: Koperative yimiturire hamwe na koperative yuzuye (LNA) na koperative y'abaguzi (impinga). Aya mashyirahamwe niyo abasimbuye ba prevional bandieti yinguzanyo. Noneho mu gihugu, nk'uko byashinzwe imisoro y'imisoro, hari amakoperative y'imiturire 4 zinyuranyije n'amazu ibihumbi 4. Biragoye rwose kumenya ibintu biranga, ariko tuzagerageza.
Ibisa nibitandukaniro
Mu kagari kayo, amakoperative yimiturire ni imiryango idaharanira inyungu, bivuze ko uburenganzira bwo kugura yigenga, kugurisha, nta mafaranga bafite yo gushora imari mu mpapuro. Imikorere yabo ni ugushora amafaranga y'abitabiriye kubakwa inyubako zo guturamo. Umuyobozi n'Inama y'Ubutegetsi acungwa na Gilkeperative, kandi ibyemezo by'ingenzi byemerwa mu nama rusange y'abanyamigabane.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya LNA n'impinga? Koperative y'amazu n'amazu ahuza inguzanyo zinguzanyo, amafaranga ashora imari, amakoperative yo gucunga imiturire. Mubikorwa, ibi bivuze ko abantu bafite abantu 50-5.000 (umubare watanzwe utangwa n'itegeko rya Federasiyo ryo ku ya 30 Ukuboza 2004. №215-FZ "guhuriza hamwe amakoperative yuzuyemo ku bushake. kuvugwa mu mategeko, guhaza ibikenewe byo gutura no guhuza imisanzu. Kuba nyir'inzu ya piek lng irashobora nyuma yo kuzimya burundu pai.
Gahunda ya koperative yuzuyemo hamwe
1. Gushiraho itsinda ryabagenewe hashingiwe ku masezerano y'ikigega rusange, amafaranga akoreshwa mukubaka amazu
2. Ubutumire bwo kwitabira abitsa ababitsa. Gusa icyifuzo cyo gutanga umusanzu nuburyo bwo kwishyura umusanzu wambere, kimwe no kwishyura buri kwezi kwishyura inguzanyo
3. Kwirundanya kwa 30-50% yikiguzi cyinyubako kuri konte yawe
4. Kugura inzu
5. Kwishura inguzanyo zisigaye mu kashi wogoshe
Itegeko ryihariye ryerekeye amakoperative y'abaguzi, bityo ibikorwa byabo bigengwa n'itegeko ry'abaturage rya federasiyo y'Uburusiya. Ibikorwa bya Peak (kimwe na LNG) ntibishoboka, ariko, kimwe n'ejobili, bigomba kwiyandikisha muri leta. Imikorere nyamukuru yimpinga isa nintego ya LNG, ariko, umunyamuryango wimpinga yegura imiturire muri gahunda yinguzanyo, ni ukuvuga, uhita ukira inzu yumugabane we, ariko kugeza igihe cyo kwishyura umugabane ihabwa na koperative.
Itandukaniro riri mu kuba ku bikorwa bya LNG ikora igenzura rusange ry'igihugu, kandi iranyungu. Ibipimo byimari itunganya amafaranga ashobora gusuzumwa hamwe nubukungu bwimari bugena serivisi yisoko rya federasiyo. Iperereza, reba uburyo bwa koperative isohoza inshingano zayo mugihe gito kandi ndende, amafaranga asigaye, atanga inguzanyo no kwishyura amahame mbonezamutungo, yubahiriza amahame yashizweho yitinda hamwe nibindi bipimo. Ibikorwa bya Peak bigenzurwa ninzego za leta muri rusange, ni ukuvuga kugenzura umutekano w'amafaranga ntabwo bikorwa.
Uruhare mu mpinga ruri rushobora guteza akaga kuruta muri LNA. Ibisobanuro Byoroshye: Ingwate yonyine yo kubungabunga ishoramari no kugura amazu kubanyamigabane pic-farter ya koperative. Ku bwe, uburyo bwo gufata ingamba by'inguzanyo bukozwe gusa ku biguzi by'abanyamigabane. Ibi bivuze ko kwiyongera kw'ikigega, ukeneye urujya n'uruza rw'ababitsa. Byongeye kandi, LNG mu nshingano zayo ahura n'umutungo wacyo, ariko impinga ntabwo ifite inshingano nk'iyi. Ku bashoramari, ibi birashobora gucibwa intege kuba mugihe cyo guhomba kwa koperative ya Pai bizashira nta ndishyi.
Icyitegererezo cyakazi ka ZilKopetive
Reka twibuke icyitegererezo cyo kugura inzu. Urabona uruhushya rwo gutanga inguzanyo, shakisha inzu, uzane 30-50% yikiguzi cyamazu, naho umushahara wishyura mubice mugihe cyimyaka 10-25. Muri icyo gihe, inzu ikomeje kugirirwa kuri banki, nubwo yamaze mu mutungo wawe. Mu rwego rwo gucungura cyangwa gusana, ugomba gusaba uruhushya kuri banki, kandi mbere yo guterana kwandikisha umuntu mu bagize umuryango w'agateganyo, ugomba kubamenyesha banki.
Amateka ya LNG na Peak
Amakoperative yo kuzigama mu masoko yo kuzigama yirukanwe buhoro buhoro amabanki y'inguzanyo, no mu Bufaransa, kuzigama kubaka buri gihe byegeranijwe mu mabanki, kuri konti zidasanzwe zo kuzigama.
... natwe. Urubanza rw'amakoperative yo kuzigama muri iki gihe rwavutse mu myaka ya 60 muri 60. XIX., Iyo societe yinguzanyo yinguzanyo, societe yinguzanyo, societe yubwishingizi, ubufatanye bw'amahoro bwashizweho kugirango bugure ubutaka abifashijwemo na Banki ishinzwe imizi. Nyuma, societe y'abaguzi n'abaguzi bo mu masoko no kugura no gucuruza. Ariko iterambere nk'iryo, nko mu Burayi na Amerika, ibigo by'ubwubatsi ntibyakiriye. Ahari impamvu yabyo yari kubaho kuramba kwa Serfdomu, kandi hashobora kubaho imigendekere yinangiye mu bukungu ... ubukungu nta gisubizo gisobanutse.
Nyuma ya revolution ya Ukwakira, sisitemu y'ubufatanye bw'abaguzi yabaye ubwubatsi bw'igihugu, abikorera ku giti cyabo ntibwatewe inkunga. Impinduka nini zabaye ku iherezo ry'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, ubwo amakoperative y'abaguzi yihariye yagaragaye: amazu no kubaka, kubaka inganda, Garage-kubaka. Yashizeho ibintu bitimukanwa byari umutungo wasosiyalisiti wamakoperative yihariye, abanyamuryango bayo bari abahanga gusa. Igihe cyo guswera, Leta yagabanije ubufasha bw'amakoperative y'ubwubatsi, ibyo byatumye amashyirahamwe nkaya atagikora, kandi mu mpera za 90. Xx muri. Mubisanzwe byatangiye gukoresha muburyo butandukanye bwo kubeshya.
Kugeza ubu, uruhare mu makoperative yubwubatsi ntabwo akunzwe nka banki. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, gahunda z'amakoperative ya rubanda w'Uburusiya yaremewe mu gihugu, kandi ubwoko butandukanye bw'amakoperative y'ubwubatsi akomeje kwiteza imbere.
Imiturire y'amazu no kubaka sisitemu bifunze, urujya n'uruza rw'abanyamuryango rutari rusabwa. Umuterankunga umwe mu cyiciro cUmuteranishwa mu rwego rwo gushyikirizwa na sisitemu niwe utanga abandi banyamigabane, no ku cyiciro gikurikira, icyiciro cy'inguzanyo, kimaze inguzanyo. Mugihe kimwe, umutungo wamafaranga ntabwo ushishikajwe nisoko ryimari yo hanze, rigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyinguzanyo. Ibyingenzi mu gutanga inguzanyo muri sisitemu yo gukusanya kurwego ruto ruterwa nibibazo byisoko.
Hariho indi nyungu: haragabanuka mugihe cyo gutegereza kugirango ugure umutungo utimukanwa kandi ugabanye ingano yintererano. Kugabanywa ngarukamwaka Ikigega cy'ibigega byo mu mutwe, gigize byibuze 1.5% by'ingano y'inguzanyo, mu iterambere risanzwe ry'ibihe ribarwa mu biciro by'amazu yaguzwe.
Iyo winjiye muri Hillooperative, wandika itangazo ugaragaza ibyo ugaragaza inzu: Umubare wibyumba, metrar rusange, aho byahagaze..D. Impuzandengo yukuri yisoko igena ikiguzi cyagereranijwe cyamazu. Bizaba bihuye n'umuturage watanze ibisobanuro byo kwinjira mu bagize koperative, kandi byerekana icyemezo cy'umuyobozi wa koperative yakiriye umuturage mu bagize Lna. Nyuma yo kugura cyangwa kubaka koperative kubanyamuryango bo munzu ituye, ingano yumusanzu wumugabane irasobanuwe hashingiwe ku gaciro nyako k'abantu babonetse cyangwa gushyikiranwa mu cyemezo cy'Umuyobozi ya koperative, yahujwe n'umunyamuryango wa LNA.
Turabara: kwitabira imisenge, tugura inzu ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 5. Reka ingano yinguzanyo ihwanye nigice cyigiciro cyinzu, ni ukuvuga amafaranga miliyoni 2.5. Umubare w'amafaranga y'abanyamuryango kugirango umenye ukurikije impuzandengo y'ibipimo by'amakoperative akora - 5% by'ingano y'inguzanyo (Mable ibihumbi 125). Wongeyeho amafaranga ibihumbi 75. (1.5-3% yubunini bwinguzanyo) kumwaka bigomba kwimurirwa mubigega. Byongeye kandi, umubare w'ubwishyu uziyongera ku bwinshi bw'umusoro ku nyungu z'umuntu (kubera ko amategeko y'imisoro ahwanye no kubona inyungu z'inguzanyo) - inyungu zo gukoresha inguzanyo za Rub, zishingiye kuri 3/4 cyigipimo cyo gushakirana cyashyizweho na Banki Nkuru kumunsi wakiriye amafaranga nkaya. Rero, abanyamigabane ba Jilkoperative bazishyura amafaranga ibihumbi 250. mu mwaka. Muri icyo gihe, umusanzu ngarukamwaka mugihe uvuye muri koperative uwabitsa uzasubizwa.
Ibyiza na Ibibi Lna
Kuberako yinjiye muri zhilkooperative, ntaho bisabwa mbere, nkigihe cyo kuvugana na Banki yinguzanyo yinguzanyo; Nta mbogamizi hasi, imyaka, imiterere y'abashakanye, ntahantu ho gutura;
Nta mpamvu yo kwemeza amafaranga yinjiza cyangwa gushakisha abararantor;
irashobora kugurwa amacumbi mu gutura igihugu cyose;
Kubera ko imisanzu ya Mutues ishobora gukoreshwa gusa kugirango igura cyangwa kubaka amazu, amakoperative yimiturire yizewe, usibye, ubugenzuzi bwumwaka;
Abanyamigabane w'amafaranga bajyanyweho ukundi: Amafaranga y'abanyamuryango n'ubuziranenge bwa konti ya banki ku giti cye, ni ukuvuga, amafaranga ntabwo avanze kandi akoreshwa gusa ku ntego zisobanura neza;
Igorofa yaguzwe nyuma yo guhuza abanyamigabane kandi bakurikije ibisabwa yagaragarije mu itangazo iyo binjiye muri Zhilkooperative;
Mbere yo kugura amazu, umwe mu bagize koperative amazu ashobora guhindura ibisabwa kuri yo, ndetse no kwishyura buri kwezi, manda n'amafaranga yo kwegeranya, kugabanya igihe cyo gukira igice cy'isanzura;
Igorofa irashobora kwinjira mugihe 1/3 cyamasoko yacyo yakusanyirijwe (gisabwa ko inzu yubatswe);
Birashoboka kugerageza ikiguzi cyamazu aboneka nkumusanzu uhunze, kimwe no gukoresha ubufasha bwamafaranga butangwa nabakoresha, ubumwe cyangwa abavandimwe ninshuti;
Amafaranga yo kwishyura afite uburenganzira bwo kwimurwa, kugurisha cyangwa guha undi munyamuryango wa houtunge-petotor; Mubyongeyeho, urashobora kwiringira kugura ibyumba bibiri icyarimwe, kurugero, ababyeyi n'abana;
Igice gisigaye cyintererano gishobora kwishyurwa mbere yigihe, kandi mugihe habaye gusohoka mumazu, umubare wamafaranga yabanyamuryango nugusubira inyuma.
Noneho- hafi y'ibidukikije. Umudugudu uwo ari wo wose wimuwe werekanwa akaga kuruta inguzanyo. Banki irahagaze neza cyane, kandi koperative irashobora kuba ubutaka burumbuka kubarimbyi.
Amakoperative y'abaguzi (impinga) igihe agomba guhindurwa kuri Lna. Ikibazo nuko nubwo kubaho kwimpinga ntabwo bivuguruza amategeko, mu mategeko yose ibikorwa byabo ntibigaragara. Atea bivuze ko ubujurire ubwo ari bwo bwose urukiko rwitotonyaga n'ibikorwa by'impinga bigaragazwa ku gihombo, bo, bitandukanye na LNA, ntabwo ari bo nyirabayazana w'inshingano zabo bwite.
Niki cyunguka gufata inguzanyo ya banki cyangwa kwinjira muri LNG? Icyifuzo cyacu: Reba amahitamo yose, menya amahirwe yacu na, ni ngombwa cyane, ushima kwizerwa kwumwe muri iyo shyirahamwe, aho igamije kugura inzu.