Kwegurira amazu: Ibyiza n'ibikorwa by'uburyo, byemewe n'amategeko ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako, ibyangombwa bikenewe.
Niba ukomeje kwibaza, kwegurira abikorera amazu cyangwa kutabikora, kugirango ugikemure vuba muburyo bwawe. Igihe cyo kwegurira abikorera ku buntu kirangiye, kandi vuba, kugirango ushire mu buryo bwemewe na nyirubwite, ugomba kwishyura agaciro kayo nyiri amazu. Turagusaba gucukumbura uburyo bwohereze no gusuzuma ibyiza byaryo hamwe nibidukikije, bizafasha gufata icyemezo gikwiye.
Ubwinshi bwa banyiri abikorera bongendo bimaze gukorwa, ariko haracyariho abatabonye icyemezo nkimpamvu kubwimpamvu zitandukanye.
Ibyiza n'ibibi
Reba ibintu bimwe na bimwe byemewe n'amategeko. Abantu baba mu nzu itatsinzwe bakoresheje hakurikijwe amasezerano y'ibitaro by'ibitaro, kwemeza documentaire. Aya masezerano asobanura gusa no gukoresha inzu - ntishobora kugurishwa cyangwa kuburira.Ibisubizo byo kwegurira wenyine inzu biba umutungo wabantu babamo. Icyemezo cyatanzwe cyo kwiyandikisha nyirubwite rwanditse mbere ko inzira yo kwegurira irangiye.
Nyirubwite arashobora kugura no kugurisha gucuruza hamwe ninzu, kubitanga cyangwa kwimurirwa kubushake, kunyura cyangwa gukora amasezerano yubukode.
Kwemerera inzu, ubona ingwate zinyongera zikorwa bitemewe ninzego za leta: NTAMWE UKOMEYE GUKORA AFUMWANDA MU BURYO BWO KUBONA AMAHUGU CYANGWA AMAFARANGA YO GUKORA NO GUKORA y'inyubako yo guturamo.
Ubu- ikibazo. Uruhande rwa soda, kwegurira wenyine inzu ntabwo bihindura umubare wimikino yingirakamaro. Nyiri-akomeye yinzu agomba kwishyura umusoro ku mutungo. Umusoro ku nyubako, ibibanza n'inzego biri mu misoro yaho (mu bikorwa, ibi bivuze ko abayobozi ba komine bashiraho amayeri) kandi bishyurwa buri mwaka. Igipimo cy'imisoro gihinduka ukurikije agaciro k'imitungo itimukanwa (Uwo Biro ya tekiniki yo gukundwaho): ku giciro cy'umutungo kugeza ku bihumbi 300. rub. - Ntabwo birenga 0.1%; 300-00. rub. - bikurikira 0.1-0.3%; Ibihumbi birenga 500. rub. - 0.3-2%. Igipimo cy'umusoro Vmoskwe - 0.1 cyangwa 0.3 cyangwa 2% by'agaciro. Umusoro ku nzu, yikorera ku gitinye kugira ngo ugire nyirubwite, yishyura buri wese muri ba nyirayo mu bijyanye n'ubunini bw'umugabane mu mutungo rusange.
Nkwiye kwikorera hamwe ninzu niba uhagaze mumurongo wo kuzamura imiturire cyangwa urugo rwawe rurimo gusenyuka? Kubwamahirwe, mubihe nkibi, hamwe no kwegurira abikorera amazu yawe yubu, uzahita ubura mugihe kizaza. Ibarura).
Iyo wimutse uva mucyumba kitatsinzwe, urashobora kubara byinshi, kuko mugihe cyo guhitamo inzu, ibipimo byinshi bizabimenyeshwa. Icyitso, ukurikije ibivugwa mu buhanzi. 8 Mu Mategeko ya Moscou "Shingiro Politiki yimiturire ya Moscou" No 6.03.1988. Imibereho ni 18m2 yubuso bwose kumuntu.
Iyo usenya inzu, abimukira bahangayikishijwe n'aho amazu mashya azaba azaba. Bika ahantu ho gutura mu bihe bibiri: ubanza, inzu yawe iri kubiriga; Icya kabiri, inzu yawe yafashwe yo kwiyubaka no kongera ibikoresho ahantu hatuwe. Iyo kwimura mu nzu itsinzwe (mugihe ibintu byo mu miturire bishimishije), kandi niba urugo rwawe ruzwiho igihe cyihutirwa, aho turere tuzahabwa mu mujyi utabitseho aho utuye.
Ubuntu bwuburyo
Uburyo bwo kwegurira abikorera ku giti ubwacyo ni ibi bikurikira: Wandika imvugo yerekeye icyifuzo cyo guhindura inzu yawe, gukusanya inyandiko no kubagezaho ibigo bya leta bireba. WMOSKWE gutanga ibyifuzo byo kwegurira abikorera wenyine, gukora pasiporo ya tekinoroji na gahunda-icyemezo muri Gup rgc "umutungo utimukanwa" uzagutwara amafaranga 1127. Noneho, nyuma y'amezi 2-2.5, uzakenera gushyira umukono ku ihererekanya ry'inzu ku mutungo wawe, bidatinze, kugirango ubone ibikure mu gitabo cya ba nyirubwite. Icyiciro gikurikira nicyo gitabo cya Leta cyo gutunga mu biro bya serivisi yo kwiyandikisha (500. Kuri buri nyirubwite). Igihe cyo kwiyandikisha ni 1mes. Hanyuma, ibirori byanyuma: Mugihe cyiminsi 5 birakenewe kugirango ushireho inzu kuri konte ya tekiniki no kubona pasiporo tekinike muri RHC "umutungo utimukanwa".
Ntushaka kunyura mubyiciro byose byubutunzi wenyine? Urashobora gukiza ibibazo byose kubigo bishinzwe kubahuza. Ibiro byihariye hamwe ninzego zitimukanwa zitangwa kugirango ibyemezo byimbere. Kugirango ukureho umutwe uterwa no kwegurira abikorera, uzatanga ibihumbi 15-30. . - Muri iki gihe, ugomba gutegereza icyemezo cyamezi 2-2.5. Niba ushaka kubona ibyangombwa byihuse (kubamezi 1-1,5), amafaranga aziyongera. Muri uru rubanza, inzobere mu bigo zigena ikiguzi cya serivisi ku giti cye. Kugabanuka birashoboka - iyo, kurugero, kugiti cyawe icyarimwe nawe, kandi abaturanyi bawe: ibyo bitanga ibyangombwa byose byinzu bivuye munzu imwe bizayitwara munsi ya 5-20% (bitewe numubare wamazu abikorera ku giti cyabo).
Nyirubwite abona uburenganzira bukurikira bwo gutunga (gutunga) kumitungo, gukoresha (imikorere muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwemewe) hamwe na gahunda (guhana, gutanga, gutanga, gutanga, Ibi bizwi kandi kuva amategeko y'Abaroma yo mu bubasha bwo kuri konti ya nyirayo. Nyuma yinzu yumutungo, utunganya ntabwo ari uguturamo gusa, ahubwo unakora ibikorwa bitandukanye, kurugero, kugurisha, guhaguruka cyangwa gukodesha cyangwa gukodesha aho tuba. Nibyo, inshingano zinyongera zizagaragara kandi nyirubwite agomba kwishyura umusoro ku mutungo.
Nka tegeko rusange, ukurikije amasezerano yo kwimura amagorofa kumutungo wabantu bose bonyine, abantu bose bavuzwe muri aya masezerano bagomba kuba. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kugera mu ishami ryerekeye abikorera ku giti cyabo, hamwe n'abafite amazu. Nubwo mubihe bimwe na bimwe ushobora guhagararira inyungu zo kubura, kwakira imbaraga zikwiye. Niba umuntu wo mu rugo rwawe ari mu kwiga, noneho imbaraga nkizo zifasha noteri, niba umurimo wihutirwa ukomeje mu ngabo-bitari umuntu cyangwa umuyobozi w'igice. Imbaraga z'abavoka mu kwegurira ku giti cyabo n'umuntu ukora ibihano ahantu ha igifungo, yizeza umuyobozi w'ikigo aho igihano gikorerwa.
Abana bawe bato bagumana nawe, abo bafatanije ninzu? Yego, birumvikana. Ishoramari ryerekeye kwiyandikisha nyirubwite bazagaragara nka ba nyir'umugabane wubuzima. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko abana imyaka 14-18 byanze bikunze bahari mu gusoza amasezerano ndetse no gushyira imikono muri yo (bikaba, bigomba kwemezwa n'imikono y'ababyeyi).
Birashoboka ko udashaka ko umwana muto ashyira mu bikorwa uburenganzira bwe bwo kwegurira abikorera (birashoboka ko ashobora gukomeza kuza muburyo bwiza mugihe kizaza mugihe ashaka kwikorera indi nzu imwe). Gerageza kubikuramo muburyo bwo kwegurira abikorera. Ariko kugirango ubone uruhushya rwo gufungwa no kurera kugirango ukemure ko umwana wawe muto atakuwe muri ba nyir'inzu atuyeho, mu buryo busanzwe (kandi mubyukuri) ntibishoboka. Inzira imwe yonyine iracyasigaye: Iyandikishe umwana kuri bene wabo begereye.
Ni izihe ngorane zindi zishobora gutegereza? Kurugero, niba umuntu watangiye inzira yimizu yeguriwe kuyoborwa amazu yapfuye kugeza amasezerano yo kwimura ibibanza byo gutura mu mutungo we (haba mbere yo kwandikisha amasezerano), ibi ntibishobora kuba ishingiro ryo kwanga kwegurira abaragwa abaragwa. Ikintu cyonyine - uwasezeranye mubuzima bwe ubuzima bwe bwerekanye ubushake bwo kwegurira inzu kandi ntiyikuramo ibyasabye. Muri iki gihe, ibisabwa n'abazungu bigomba kunyurwa byuzuye.
Ikibazo gikurikira kibaho: Mu nzu igiye kwegurira abikorera, zidahuye. Niba muri BTI ntabwo bizwi kubyerekeye impinduka wakoresheje, ntabwo bizagira ingaruka kumikorere yo kwegurira. Inzobere za BTI mugihe cyo gucumura? Noneho bizagaragarira hasi no kugaragara bizagukorerwa muri BTI muminsi 10. Ugomba kubyemera, ariko rero utangire kwegurira abikorera. Imyidagaduro nigihe cyo guhuza ibikorwa bishingiye ku mpinduka utanga.
Birashoboka kwikorera wenyine icyumba munzu rusange cyangwa no mu icumbi. Itondekanya ryo kwiyandikisha no gutanga inyandiko ntibuzatandukana nibisanzwe, ariko icyemezo kuri buri kibazo nkicyo nyir'imiturire kigomba gufatwa ukundi.
Niba witabiriye iyubakwa ryamayoko ya koperative, ntabwo ari ngombwa kubikorera abikorera. Ibibanza nkibi byahise bihindurwa muri nyirubwite kuva kwishura byuzuye umusanzu wumugabane. Nibyo, uzakomeza kuvugana nurugereko rwo kubyakira, urahari uzahabwa icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha muri leta.
Kugabana cyangwa guhuriza hamwe?
Hanyuma, ikibazo gikomeye: Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'umutungo cyangwa ufatanije, birakenewe guhindura inzu nyuma yo kwegurira abikorera ku gitinye? Biterwa ahanini na gahunda yawe hamwe ningo.Umutungo uhuriweho - gutunga ibintu bitandukanye, aho imigabane ya buri wese muri ba nyirayo idasobanuwe. Ni ukuvuga, abo bafatanije bafite kandi bakishimira umutungo usanzwe ku burenganzira bungana (keretse niba, amasezerano atarashyirwaho mu rindi tegeko).
Kwegurira igorofa mu mutungo rusange birashoboka gusa mugihe uri kumwegurira abo mwashakanye. Muri uru rubanza, abafatanyabikorwa bashobora kugurisha, gutanga, gutanga inzu, ariko gusa no kwemererwa gusa. Iyo abashakanye bangwa na bored, kubice bifitanye isano, ugomba guhindura ubutegetsi bwemewe na nyirubwite. Nka tegeko rusange, uwo bashakanye bombi azabona ubufatanye bungana bwinzu. Niba umwe mu bashakanye yahisemo kugurisha umugabane wacyo, undi afite uburenganzira bwo guhitamo kugura umugabane ugereranije n'abandi baguzi (ibi ni 250 mu by'amategeko mbonezamubano). Igiciro n'amabwiriza yo kugurisha bigena uwahisemo gutandukana n'umugabane we. Abavoka basabwa gutanga icyifuzo cyo kugurisha umugabane wawe mu nyandiko kandi barabyizeza no mu rubuga, hanyuma bagatanga uwahoze mwashakanye (cyangwa uwo mwashakanye). Icyo gihe hazandikwa ko watanze uwo mwashakanye (uwo mwashakanye) kwifashisha uburenganzira bwo gucungurwa.
Byongeye kandi, igice giteganijwe cyumutungo uhuriweho gishobora gukorwa mugihe cyo kwerekana ibirego nabahawe inguzanyo kumugabane wuwo mwashakanye mu nzu (igika cya 1 38 cy'amategeko y'Uburusiya). Ibintu byabaye mu bashakanye ba kabiri bizahabwa uburenganzira bwo gucungurwa uwo mwashakanye. Hanyuma, umutungo wumutungo ugomba gukorwa mugihe uzungura umutungo wuwo mwashakanye wapfuye warokotse uwo mwashakanye. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane iyo abazungura bimwe, - muriki gihe, umugabane wumutungo wimigabane urakenewe kugirango tumenye ubunini bwumutungo, buzahabwa buriwese uvugwa mu Isezerano.
Reka tuvuge ko uteganya kwegurira inzu atari kuri njye ubwanjye nuwo mwashakanye (cyangwa uwo mwashakanye), ni ukuvuga mu bigize abikorera ku giti cyabo, abandi bantu bazashyirwamo (urugero, abana bawe cyangwa ababyeyi bawe cyangwa ababyeyi bawe). Kwegurira abikorera mu mutungo uhuriweho na priori ntibishoboka. Ihitamo rimwe gusa risigaye: Amazu agomba kwimurirwa mumitungo ingana. Ubutegetsi buringaniye bwerekana ko inzu izahita igabanywa hagati yimigabane yemewe. Votchchychi kuva kuri Co-nyirarume Impamyabumenyi ya ba nyirubwite mugucuruza hamwe numugabane wibintu bisanzwe muriwe ntibisabwa. Nibiba ngombwa, igiti kiri munzu kirashobora kugurishwa, gutanga cyangwa guhambira. Ikintu nyamukuru nukubahiriza ibisabwa n'amategeko: Wibuke ko uburenganzira bwo kugura ibintu byibanze ari ibw'abaturanyi bawe.
Tegura inyandiko
Kwikorera wenyine inzu uzakenera guteranya ibyangombwa bikurikira:
Umwimerere na kopi ya pasiporo y'ibindi biyandikishije mu gace k'ibikorera ku giti cyabo, harimo n'abana kuva ku myaka 14 (ku basirikare bashinzwe imiti ya office cyangwa impamyabumenyi y'ibyongereza, bikubiyemo ibisobanuro birambuye kuri iyi nyandiko);
Amakopi yo kuvuka kw'abana bato bose biyandikishije mu ituro ryiganje (nubwo bamaze imyaka 14 kandi bamaze kubona pasiporo);
Umwimerere na kopi yinyandiko zemeza guhindura izina, izina, patritymic (urugero, gushyingirwa cyangwa ibyemezo byubutane);
Bibaye ngombwa, icyemezo cy'uko ingo mu ngo zawe zabayeho mbere mu karere k'Uburusiya ko mu karere katabaye mu karere kose kuva muri Nzeri 1991. Mu Kuboza 1997, iki cyemezo cyakira muri BTI aho batuye , Nyuma ya Mutarama 1998- mu ishami ry'akarere rya serivisi ishinzwe kwiyandikisha);
Ku baturage b'abanyamahanga bitabira gahunda yo kwegurira abikorera - icyemezo cyemeza kwiyandikisha burundu ahantu hamwe, byerekana ko adresse yo kubaho mbere (kandi mu cyemezo cyaho hagomba kuba ikimenyetso "cyasezeye" mu kirusiya Federasiyo ", kandi umujyi uragaragara, kurugero, Moscou). IPOMNOTE ko inyandiko nkiyi igomba gukoreshwa, ni ukuvuga, gutegeka kohereza ibicuruzwa hanyuma ubizeze ku biro bya noteri (akenshi bya noteri nibigo byagize uruhare muri serivisi za Adidoli zikorana);
Kwanga inyandiko mu gihe umuntu wo mu bapangayi wanyu yanze kwitabira abikorera ku giti cyabo (kwangwa na byo bigomba no kwemezwa na noteri; nibiba ngombwa, birashobora gutumirwa mu nzu). Kunanirwa bigomba gukurwaho kugirango bashyigikire bose bitabira abikorera ku giti cyabo. Cyangwa kwanga birashobora kwitabira gusinya amasezerano yo kwimura amazu, kwanga kwakirwa ntabwo bikenewe;
Iteka ry'inyandiko mu nzu (gutumiza, guhererekana, guturamo Passeport, gukuraho Passeport ya Politiki y'ishami hamwe na Politiki y'ishami ry'Umujyi wa Moscou ku burenganzira bwo gukoresha no mu mibereho) - ubushake Ukeneye inyandiko, na kopi ebyiri. Niba waratakaye icyemezo, ugomba kubona icyemezo cya nubwo gahunda idateganijwe. Icyemezo ubwacyo cyemeza nyir'igorofa azatanga ububiko bw'Umujyi (i Moscou, Ububiko bwo hagati buhererere kuri: St. Ihuriro ry'abakozi, 80). Byongeye kandi, ibikure kuva mu nyandikomvugo y'inama ya komisiyo ishinzwe imiturire ya perefegitura aho hantu hateganijwe aho hantu hikorera abikorera ku giti cyabo nta cyemezo kirakenewe;
Ibice byo mu gitabo cy'inzu (hamwe n'amakuru ku baturage biyandikishije kuri kariya gace kuva mu gihe cyo kwakira gahunda) muri kopi ebyiri. Niba umuntu wo mu bagize umuryango yakuweho n'icyemezo cy'urukiko, ni ngombwa gutanga fotokopi y'iki cyemezo;
Ingero ebyiri za konte yimari. Kumva urupfu rwinzu ifite inshingano mbere yuko inzira yikorera ku gitijwe izahinduka. Ariko, konti yawe igomba guhindurwa mumuntu uhanganye nabakuze yanditswe mu nzu;
Ibivugwa na kopi ya gahunda yo hasi no kwiyemeza, byemejwe na BTI;
Kopi yo kwishyura serivisi zingirakamaro mumezi 3 ashize.
Twabibutsa ko urutonde rwinyandiko zishobora kwagurwa - byose biterwa nibihe byihariye. Kurugero, kubijyanye nurupfu rwinzu ifite inshingano cyangwa umwe mubabaga munzu bizakenera icyemezo cyurupfu.
Mugihe umaze kwikorera inzu, ariko wabuze inyandiko yemeza ko nyirubwite rwibanze, birakenewe kugirango twigane. Ni ngombwa kuvugana n'Urugereko rwo kwiyandikisha mu karere kawe.
Urashobora gukoresha uburenganzira bwo kwegurira abikorera wenyine, kubwibyo, ukurikije ibihangano. Ibyemezo bya Komite y'Ishyirahamwe ry'Uburusiya ku nzu ya komine "byemejwe n'ingingo y'intangarugero ku kwegurira kwemererwa ku buntu mu federasiyo y'Uburusiya" bigomba gutanga icyemezo cyemeza ko nta cyemeza ko nta cyemezo cya mbere cyo kwegurira abikorera wenyine . Rero, umwe mu bagize umuryango wawe, umaze kuganza abikorera aho batuye, ntazashobora gufata uburenganzira bwo kwikorera wenyine.
Wibuke ko umurongo winyandiko zikenewe kugirango inzira zose ziyobowe ziyongera. Utitaye kubimenya niba uzakira inyandiko kuriwe cyangwa ugirire ikizere nabanzobere, uzakoresha muburyo busanzwe kuva mumezi 3 kugeza 1. Niyo mpamvu, ukurikije impinduka zizaba vuba muburyo bwo kwikorera wenyine, gerageza gufata icyemezo mugihe cyo kuzigama amafaranga yawe nigihe.