Gushiraho amategeko agenga amashyiga afite itanura rifunze: Ibisobanuro bya IHUBAHA IHURIRO NAMWE ritera igikoresho cyo gushyushya, ikiguzi cyagereranijwe.
S. Nemes.
Ifoto A. LYahko
Gahunda yuburezi mucyumba cya convetion yinzuki zumwuka no kugenda kwabo imbere mu nkombe z'umuriro
O. Amahirwe,
A. Fungav
Ifoto Yu. Jingova
A. Padis Lins
Ifoto I. Holkova
A - guhagarara ku isahani ngishwamo, Chimney n'inkunga y'icyuma, ifata portal iremereye kugwa, kwihisha mu cyuyu cyumye; B - Kuva ku Kibuye "cubes" kuri kole ikusanya Port
A. Lullekov,
R. soolman,
L. Heichenko
Ifoto S. Morgunova
Gurvich
Ifoto K. Manko.
Wahisemo rero gushiraho inkota mu nzu. Ndende kandi uhitemo itanura nubunini bukwiye. Ariko, nundi usibye kimwe cya kabiri cyurubanza. Ni ngombwa gukosora neza igikoresho cyo gushyushya. Kubyerekeye ibyiciro byingenzi byiki gikorwa na imitego ifitanye isano kandi bizavuga ingingo yacu.
Mu kiganiro "ubaho n'umucyo!" Isubiramo ryasohotse ku muriro ufunze kandi ureba amashyiga yatanzwe ku isoko ry'Uburusiya rigezweho. Uyu munsi tuzuzura amasezerano yatanzwe mu mpera yiyi ngingo, umbwire uko washira neza.
Ni nde uzashyira?
Iki nikibazo cyambere cyakemutse. Reka dutangire ko isosiyete iyo ari yo yose igurisha ibisasu ubusanzwe ifite brigade yiteraniro, kandi ntizishyiraho itanura gusa, ahubwo inategura kandi "urubuga" munsi yacyo. Guhura na serivisi zinzobere ni byoroshye, ariko, birababaje, inzira ihenze: nyuma ya byose, umurimo wabigize umwuga uhenze.Uzigame inzira eshatu. Ubwa mbere, hamagara injeniyeri-umujyanama uva mu kigo. Mbere ya byose, bizagenzura aho icyitegererezo cyatoranijwe cyitanura kandi gikwiranye nibisabwa byihariye (by the way, ubu, ubungubu rutabanje kugendana umukiriya akenshi wanze kohereza umuriro waguzwe, urakoze ibyo bakuramo ibicuruzwa). Umujyanama azasuzuma ibiranga igishushanyo mbonera cy'inzu (ibikoresho by'inkuta, amagorofa, arenze urugero.p.) Kandi mu minsi mike bizatanga ibyifuzo byo gutegura ikibanza cyatoranijwe, gishingiye kuri geometrie yayo, uburemere nuburyo bwo guhura nibiranga itanura. Ihamagarwa rya injeniyeri rizatwara ibihumbi 1.5 uhereye ku bihumbi 1.5. (Iyo gahunda yo gutumiza, isosiyete izakusanya aya mafaranga kuva agaciro kayo). Imirimo yo kwitegura ushobora kwihamije brigade yabatumiye - bizatwara bihendutse kuruta serivisi zisa na sosiyete.
Inzira ya kabiri ni ugutera umujyanama, n'ibyifuzo byayo byo gushyira mu bikorwa imbaraga z'abamwubatsi, ariko ugenzurwa n'inzobere rimwe (icyitwa chef).
Kwakira uburyo ntabwo ari ugutumira umuntu, ahubwo gukora umurimo wo kwitegura no kwishyiriraho wenyine. Ihitamo rifite ibyago byinshi, kubera ko bishoboka cyane ko ntarimwe mubagize itsinda ryubwubatsi (tutakuvuga) itara ritigeze rishyirwa. Mubisanzwe, inshingano zubwiza bwinteko igomba kugutwara. Mubitekerezo byacu, ubu buryo buremewe gusa niba isosiyete iyegereye igurisha ibiceri (ni ushikamye), iherereye kure y'urugo rwawe kandi uherereye kure y'urugo rwawe no kugenda kw'abajyanama na brigades bashyizweho bahinduka badaruha. Nibyiza, noneho reka tuvuge kubyerekeye amategeko amwe yo kwishyiriraho.
Igihe cyo gushira hasi?
Kubikora mbere yo gushiraho umuriro cyangwa nyuma? Abahanga basaba gushiraho umuriro nyuma yo gukora igorofa. Niyo mpamvu. Munsi yumuriro ubwayo hasi (nibyiza cyane kubyita hamwe) bigomba kubeshya igice cyibintu bitarenze (bifatika, ibyuma, tile). Ibikoresho bisa bigomba gutandukanywa na platifomu ya premium. Niba warabyaye ubuso bwagenwe hanyuma ukamushyira ahagaragara itara, hanyuma mugihe kizaza mugihe haryamye, kurugero, parquet gusohoka hasi kurwego rumwe ruzagorana. Nibyiza, niba ubanje gushyira hasi hasi, ikibazo nkiki ntikizavuka.
Igikorwa cyo kwitegura
Gushiraho umuriro ukenewe:
Urukuta rwo kunisha uruzitiro rwaka umuriro ruzahindurwa (guhezwa - moderi yirwayi);
Ishingiro urumuri rureba nurukuta rwo gushinagurira;
Umwotsi impanda ibereye hamwe nacyo.
Urukuta rw'umuriro. Uru rukuta, ni urundi inyuma cyangwa kuruhande (kubikoresho bitarandura byakazi), kandi rimwe na rimwe byombi (kubitegererezo bya angular) urukuta rureba itara. Kugenda no gutunganya urukuta rwibishishwa akenshi bikora urukuta rwinzu ubwayo. Yatowe biracyagoye cyane. Hano, ntibishoboka gushyira ahagaragara hejuru yurukuta rwimbaho - birakenewe gushiraho urukuta rukingira ibikoresho bitarimo ibikoresho: Amatafari (Amatafari ahagije - Pollipich), ibibanza bya gazi ), gypsum puzzle files.d. Kubwumutekano hagati yurukuta rwumushinyagurira hamwe nurukuta rwimbaho, shyira igice cyibibazo bitakamba hamwe nubunini bwibura cm 5. Ingano n'imiterere y'urukuta rwall biterwa na moderi yahinduwe yinkoko nigishushanyo mbonera cyicyumba. Yasubiyemo neza ibijyanye no guhanura (muriki gihe birashobora guhishwa byuzuye munsi yumurongo), cyangwa bifite isura y'urukuta rusanzwe, kurambura hasi kugera ku gisenge. Guhagarara kurukuta byemewe kubera "guhuza" kurukuta rwimbaho yinzu ubwayo gukoresha ibintu byinguzanyo cyangwa kubitanga umwirondoro wihariye (kurugero, g-shusho). Imiterere y'urukuta rwometse rimwe na rimwe biterwa nigishushanyo cya chimney. Irashobora kuba infashanyo ya sandwich yoroheje ya sandwich ndetse ikaba igice cya chimney yakozwe muburyo bwanje. Mu ntangiriro, usibye abandi, birakenewe gufata ingamba zo kwemeza ko delastique yo guhuza umuriro hamwe na chimney (igomba gukurikizwa na cm 40 munsi yurukuta cyangwa Inzego zipamba). Bizatanga ubukana bwayo hamwe no kugabanuka kw'inkuta no kugenda ibihe byigihe cyuzuye ibiti. Elastike igomba gukorwa kandi ikongera igice cyo hejuru cyinkoko imenetse hamwe nigisenge.
Shingiro Kuko urukuta rwo kwishingikiriza hamwe ninkoko ubwayo, hagomba kubaho ibisanzwe kandi hagomba kubaho gukomera kandi haracyari ngombwa kongeramo uburebure bwinkuta zabo) kandi rukomeye kugirango rugabanye ibishoboka byubaka kugenda "Urukuta rukingira umuriro" muri rusange. Imyitozo ikomeye izatera ubwoba umuyoboro wa chimney. Urufatiro rwihariye rushobora gufatwa nkibanze (uhereye ku masahani cyangwa monolithic).
Chimney. Diameter yayo (igice cyayo) ntigomba kuba munsi yibyo muri pasiporo yumuriro wumuriro, kandi bihagije kugirango ukore ubunini bwabaturage (uzabona kandi ubunebwe. Mubikorwa, uburebure bwumuyoboro mubisanzwe ni 5-12m uhereye hejuru yaka lisansi. Niba ari hejuru, ugomba gufata ingamba zidasanzwe zigabanya icyuho cyavuyemo. Kandi bigomba gukorwa mubikoresho bitarimo (urugero, kuva amatafari) kandi byubahiriza byimazeyo ibipimo byumutekano wumuriro. Abahanga babona ko gushyira chimney imbere y'urukuta rw'inyuma (mu gihe cy'itumba, ibibazo birashobora kuvuka), ndetse no mu rukuta rwiyongera kure y'inzu).
Mubisanzwe, ibyavuzwe byose kuri Chimney bivuga ikibazo iyo byateguwe hakiri kare kandi byubakwa hamwe ninzu. Nibyiza, niba igitekerezo cyumuriro cyavutse ubwo inzu yari isanzwe yubatswe? Ugomba kugura umwotsi hanyuma ushyire hamwe numuriro. Niba ikibanza cyumuyoboro kigarukira, witondere chimney ya metallic kuva yitwa imiyoboro ya sandwich. Nibihaha byiza kandi birashobora gukosorwa hejuru yitanura kugirango uburemere bwabo bwimurirwe ku gisenge cyangwa urukuta rwo gushinagukira. Igiciro cya Picap Pipes ni 1.7-3.5 ingano ibihumbi. Kuri 1 p. M bitewe nuwabikoze. Niba hari ahantu kandi uburyo bugufasha gushiraho chimnes eshatu-chimney- kurugero, schidel (Ubudage) ifite agaciro ka Rable ibihumbi 3. Kuri 1 p. M = Nibyo, iyi chimney irakomeye kandi iremereye (misa ya 1 m kuva 80kg), niyo mpamvu iri iruhande rw'umuriro kandi irimbishijwe muburyo bumwe. Ariko iyo unyuze kuri chimney nkiyi yibiti byo hejuru yo hejuru hejuru yuzuye hejuru, ntakibazo kivuka, ubuso bwayo ntiburenga 40C.
Icyitonderwa: Umuriro ufite imbaraga!
Haba munzu yu Burayi nikirusiya, mubisanzwe bikora nkisoko yinyongera yubushyuhe, ariko koresha kandi nkinkomoko nyamukuru - kurugero, gushyushya ahantu hato (niba ubushyuhe bwimiriro ari bito , hasi imwe gusa irashobora gukururwa). Ariko, ba nyir'inzu nyinshi, aho hariho harasanzweho kandi ikora neza sisitemu yo gushyushya, shaka gushyiramo ibice muburyo bwa "Gushushanya". Mugihe kimwe hitamo icyitegererezo hamwe nigitanda kinini gikomeye. Inyuma yawe ushaka kubaburira ku kaga kabiri.
Akaga mbere. Umuriro uwo ariwo wose ni isoko yubushyuhe, kandi niko umuriro, niko ubushyuhe bwinshi. Niba inzu idafite akamaro bihagije, ugomba gutekereza uburyo wakwirinda imbaraga "zisigaye" zubushyuhe, birashoboka, ntabwo bikaba bikwiye kuzirika ingaruka zikomeye zo kwishyuza umubiri, kimwe no guhumeka binyuze mumadirishya afunguye). Inzira yonyine ni ugushiraho abagenzuzi ba Automatic muri sisitemu yo gushyushya. Bahagarika ubushyuhe mucyumba aho flacece yashizwemo, kandi icyarimwe zirimo ibiciro kandi bihumeka (kandi birashoboka ko ari uburyo bwo guhuza ikirere), bityo biremeza ubushyuhe buhamye. Biragaragara ko ibyo byose, ndetse nigishushanyo cyateganijwe ku cyiciro cyashushanyije, kizakenera amafaranga menshi.
Akaga ka kabiri. Kubikorwa bisanzwe, guhaguruka bisaba umwuka (amajwi yayo agomba kuba byibura 10m3 / h kuri 1 KW yububasha). Indege ya Inesley ntabwo izakira umwuka usabwa, izatangira kunywa itabi. Kubwibyo, bizagomba gutegura ukuza kumuhanda uri kumuyoboro, ushobora gukorera umuyoboro udasanzwe, nka Murenga (Edilkan, Umuyoboro Usanzwe wa PVC (ufite inkuta nini zoroshye kandi ntabwo ziterwa no kurwanya airflow ). Ku mwogo wo mu kirere zigomba gushyirwaho; Iyo itanura ridatwitse, rihumurijwe. Iyi myuga yashyizwe mbere yuko ifungwa ryashyizweho (isohoka ryayo rigomba kuba cm 5-10 iri hejuru yakarere munsi yumuriro), aho amafaranga yinyongera nayo akeneye.
Kubaka itanura
Noneho byazanywe nibigize, nkibibi, bikusanya umuriro. Ku rufatiro rwarangiye, icyapa cya monolit cyangwa igihangano cyigihugu nigice cyo hepfo yubunini gishyirwa (ibi byose bikubiye muri seti). Ibikoresho binini kugirango bihuze ibintu byumuriro uhwanye nigisubizo gishingiye ku ngwate irwanya ubushyuhe cyangwa gel idasanzwe, igihe cyakonje cyacyo ari 1-1.5. Noneho itanura ryashyizweho (intera ntoya hagati yacyo nurukuta rwo gushinagurira ni cm 7-10). Inzobere zirasaba guhuza itanura rya Chimney hamwe n'umuyoboro w'icyuma utagira umuyoboro wa 200mm, urugero, umusaruro w'imyaka icumi (Ubufaransa). Itanga garanti yimyaka 3 hamwe nibikorwa bikomeza. Ihuriro ryumuyoboro ukingiriza hamwe na Chimney hamwe nigitambaro cyitanura byashyizweho ikimenyetso cyashyizweho na mastike-irwanya ubushyuhe, reka twemerere umuriro (icumi). Nyuma yibyo, gushyiraho ubukoriko birakomeje, bigahira inkuta zuruhande.
Igitereko cyatanzwe cyashyizwe kuri paki, nkitegeko, ntabwo kirimo (bidasanzwe - Igishushanyo mbonera). Mubisanzwe bikorwa kuva kumurongo cyangwa amasahani yumye-fibre iburyo, gushiraho kumurongo wicyuma (umwirondoro usanzwe kuri plaqueboard) ikoreshwa. Ubwo rero umwuka ushyushye ntushyushya hejuru, imbere muri casing, intera yibura cm 30 kuva ku gisenge, shiraho Septum (Mugaragaza ecran) mubikoresho bimwe. Nyuma yibyo, isake kuva imbere nurukuta rwo kunisha (kimwe namatafari cyangwa urukuta rufatika rwinzu) rurinzwe nubushyuhe. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, koresha plate fibre fibre, zashishikarijwe kuruhande rumwe, urugero firebuts 110 (rockwool, Danimarike). Birahabwa ubumwe kuburyo umuyoboro wa aluminihum uhindukirira itanura kandi uhuza umuhuza. Ingingo zibisambo zitwikiriwe na kaseti idasanzwe (vuga, aluminium scotch).
Igice cyo hejuru cyimiturire munsi ya ecran (intera yibura byibuze 40cm kuva kuringaniza), gride yibyuma yashizwemo ibisigazwa bishyushye (bishyushya icyumba umuriro uhagaze). Barashobora kumera nka babiri (biherereye hamwe nimpande zombi; ibipimo - 3520cm), hamwe numwe (ishyirwaho kuva kuruhande rwambere; ingano ni inshuro 2 zirenze grides kuruhande). Kubireba amazu, ari hejuru ya ecran ikingira, kandi ushimangire kandi ibyuma bibiri (ibipimo - 1010cm).
Birashoboka gushyira mubikorwa ikindi gisubizo - gukusanya umuriro uhamye ikirere gishyushye kandi ufashijwe na imiyoboro ihindagurika kugirango igabanye mucyumba, bityo utegura sisitemu yo gushyushya umwuka.
Birakwiye cyane kubaka imirasire hamwe na portal. Bashyizwe mubyo bita imbuto-agasanduku, bishobora kuzenguruka itanura kuva babiri, batatu ndetse no kuva kumpande enye). Yubatswe, nka casing, kuva muri plaque ya plaque kumutwe. Kuburinzu (mubisanzwe, itanura ni umuryango umwe, kandi hariho umwobo wurugoma murukuta rwa fax ebyiri) murukuta rwapimwe. Portal, ishingiye ku rufatiro, irashingira ku rukuta rw'ikindo. Niba portal iremereye (kurugero, ikozwe mumabuye karemano) cyangwa yashizwemo (ni ubwoko bwo gushushanya amatara yitanura), hanyuma imbere mucyo bikora imiterere ikwiye (mubihe bimwe na bimwe Bashyizwe muri kit), zirashobora gufata neza "ikadiri" cyangwa urinde ibintu biremereye kugwa. Byongeye kandi, ibintu byose bibaho, kimwe no kwishyiriraho bisanzwe: Agace ka Uprigner karaciwe na ecran ikingira, uhereye kumutwe wimbere mubushyuhe, hanyuma bihuza ibihangano byubushyuhe, hanyuma bishyirwaho ubushyuhe, hanyuma bishyirwaho guhumeka ubushyuhe, hanyuma bishyirwaho guhuriza hamwe.d.
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Amatara yo gushiraho imishyi yimitsi hamwe nuburyo bwo mu gihugu bureba (izuba): a, b-kurambika igice cyo hepfo yubusa na plaque yinkunga no guhuza; B-Gushiraho Itanura; Kwinjiza M-Chimney; d-kwishyiriraho ibice byuruhande rwamagana; Gushiraho e-gushyiraho inkunga yinkoni yumuriro; Zh-Gushiraho Kuma Kumanuka Kumutwe; Z-CASIC (kuva imbere) ninkuta zamakuba ashimangira ubushyuhe; I-kwishyiriraho isegonda. |
Bitwara angahe?
Reka tugerageze kubara, umubare wikigereranyo cyimpuzandengo yibiciro bizatwara. Mugihe kimwe ni ngombwa kuzirikana ibice bikurikira:
Igiciro cya firebox;
Igiciro cyumuriro uhanganye cyangwa portal;
Igiciro cya Chimney (niba nta nkombe mu nzu);
Igiciro cyo guterana no gukora ku iteraniro ryakariro no kubora kwa chimney.
Umuriro. Ifite kandi guhitamo nini cyane kandi ifite ubuziranenge bwo mu mahanga no ku isonga mu gihugu, bigura amafaranga ibihumbi 10-150. Muguhitamo ibikoresho, ntukibande gusa ku giciro gito. Witondere izina rya sosiyete, harimo, haba igihe kinini bucuruza ibikoresho ku isoko ryacu; Shakisha ugurisha uburyo icyitegererezo ukunda. Ni ngombwa kandi gusobanura igihe cya garanti (igihe cyacyo kiratandukanye mubigo bitandukanye ahubwo bihurira cyane - 1, 3, 5, 7 ndetse nimyaka 10) hanyuma tumenye uwasana muri kiriya gihe (nibiba ngombwa). Itanura ryujuje ubuziranenge nta byishimo bidasanzwe birashobora kugurwa ku bihumbi 17-30.
Guhangana. Ku giciro cyo hasi (17-52 rubles ibihumbi) urashobora kugura ishyaka ryumusaruro wo murugo. Mubitumizwa mu mahanga, hari kandi moderi zihenze - 20.5-70. Ibicuruzwa byihariye biva ibuye karemano cyangwa ibyuma bisize irangi ntabwo ari amafaranga ibihumbi ijana. Muri uru rubanza, muriki gihe, "kwiyoroshya" bahura na Rable ibihumbi 27-52.
Chimney. Reka duhitemo amahitamo yawe kuri Steel Steel Chimney kuva muri Sandwich. Nkuko byavuzwe, bitewe nuwabikoze nibikoresho bikoreshwa kuri 1 p. M imiyoboro ya chimney nkiyi (diameter yayo ni 20cm) igomba kwishyura amafaranga 1.7-3.5. Niba uburyo bwemerera, ugomba guhitamo uburyo buhenze cyane, ariko utanga garanti yimyaka 10 (urugero, Poujouu, Ubufaransa).
Igiciro cyagereranijwe cya Chimney gishobora kubarwa nka: Kugwiza igiciro cya 1 p. M imiyoboro yuburebure bwifuzwa (impuzandengo ya chimney kubuhe bwamagorofa- 6m). Ibikoresho bya Doblyo (bracketi, clamps.p.) bizasaba 25% byagaciro ka chimney. Igiciro cyose kizaba 22.3-25.7 Amafaranga ibihumbi.
Kwishyiriraho. Hano kubara bizaba hafi cyane. Urashobora kuyikoresha muburyo bubiri. Ku nshuro ya mbere, inteko izaba hafi 30% yigiciro cya 30% byugarije igiciro cyibikoresho byinteko (izimya, guhuza, guhumeka, guhumeka.); Bose hamwe bizatwara amafaranga ibihumbi 17. Inzira ya kabiri: Ku burambe bwo gushiraho ibigo bitandukanye byo guterana amagambo, bitewe nubunini nimiterere yakarere, bizakenerwa kohereza amafaranga ibihumbi 46-62. (Mugihe kimwe, garanti kubikorwa byo kwishyiriraho - imyaka 2). Imibare yitonda igomba kongerwaho ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho Chimney, iyi ni 30% byibiciro byayo. Rero, igiciro cyose cyumuriro mugice gisanzwe kizaba 115-178 amafaranga ibihumbi.
Shyushya inzu
Icyemezo cyo gukoresha inkoko nk'isoko nyamukuru yo gushyushya inzu nto igomba gufatwa mu cyiciro cyambere cyo gushushanya no gushyira mu bikorwa ku cyiciro cyo kubaka. Inzu yiteguye yo kungura iki gitekerezo mubuzima izagora kubera ibibazo byinshi bya tekiniki, kandi hazasabwa gusanwa bikomeye. Umwuka ushyushye wakozwe numuriro urashobora gutangwa namayondo murugo ubwato (ukoresheje amategeko ya convection) cyangwa guhatirwa (gukoresha abafana). Buri buryo bufite ibyiza nibibi.
Sisitemu ya Convection
Inyungu:
Nta murimo usabwa; Kwigenga ku mashanyarazi; guceceka; bihendutse; Umwuka ushyushye ushyikirizwa intera ya 2-3m uhereye ku itara, gushyushya ibyumba bituranye gusa.
Ibibi:
Kumva umuvuduko wo guhindura no guhindura ikirere; Gukenera uburambe bukomeye bwo gushyira mubikorwa sisitemu; Kubwinshi bwumwuka ususurutse unyuze mubyumba, imiyoboro minini ya diameter irakenewe (kugirango igabanye aerodynamic irwanya); Kwishingikiriza ku bikorwa byo gukora ku igenamigambi ry'inzu; Kudashobora gushyushya ibibanza munsi yumuriro cyangwa kure yacyo.
Sisitemu y'agaciro
Inyungu:
Ubushobozi bwo kuyobya umwuka ususurutse kure ya 10m (harimo ibibanza biri munsi yumuriro); kwizerwa cyane no kwerizwa no gushyushya; Amahirwe menshi mugihe ashyira imiyoboro; Kwemerwa kuyungurura ikirere.
Ibibi:
urusaku rw'abafana; Igiciro kinini (giterana nigiciro cyabafana ningurube zifunze imiyoboro); Kwishingikiriza amashanyarazi.
Ubuyobozi bwa EATITORIAL burashimira isosiyete "Saga", Godin, Loki yo gufasha mugutegura ibikoresho.