Incamake y'isoko ry'imatara zizigama ingufu: Igishushanyo mbonera, icyubahiro cyibikoresho, icyitegererezo gishya, amahame yo gukora.
Uwashushanyije M. Mamulat
Ifoto p. lebedev
Kugirango amatara yo kuzigama ingufu akoreshwa byoroshye mubuzima bwa buri munsi, akenshi yatanzwe hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko isanzwe.
Igikoresho cya fluorescent itara (cll) ifite imashini yubatswe-yo guhinduranya Port-Guhindura Port (PRA):
Amatara y'ibisanzwe (gakondo) igishushanyo;
B-moderi ifite ibikoresho bya GF
Amatara hamwe na 2700 birakwiriye kwidagadura
Amatara amwe yagenewe cyane cyane amatara ya fluorescent.
Fluorescent Lamp Flasks irashobora kuba ifite indorerwamo
Kubera ubuzima burebure, cll yashizwemo aho hantu haragoye
N. Sirutien
Ifoto V. Nefdova
Itara hejuru ya bar ihagarara nkibishushanyo mbonera
Ntabwo abaguzi bose nka Luminescent ". Kubwibyo, hari byinshi kandi byinshi bifite flasks yubusanzwe.
Ikindi cyerekezo gisezeranya gukoresha amatara ya fluorescent-hanze
Ku rubuga rw'igihugu, itara ry'igishushanyo kidasanzwe kirakwiriye, gishobora gukora mu bushyuhe bunini. Ibi, kurugero, amatara ya amalgam yatangijwe
kuri -25s
kugeza 26w. Gukoresha amatara bisa bifite ishingiro ubukungu, kuko barya
Inshuro 5 nkeya kuruta amatara asanzwe ya incagescent
Igihe kinini cyizeraga ko amatara ya lumonecent akwiriye ibiro. Ibyiza byabo nyamukuru ni byiza kandi imikorere ya Merkli ugereranije nibibi byinshi byubaka. Ibisekuru bigezweho byizo matara bitandukanijwe nibiranga byinshi ugereranije nabababanjirije.
Amatara ya fluorescent arashobora gushyirwaho mumatara y'ibishushanyo n'ibishushanyo - uhereye kuri kera
Kugeza ku ntsinzi ya Ultra - buri mwaka, amashanyarazi arahenze, gukoresha kandi bikura icyarimwe. Biragaragara, kwishyura buri kwezi kumashanyarazi yongera vuba. Uyu munsi, kurugero, ikiguzi cya 1 KWH ni amafaranga 1.84. Kuri Muscovite baba munzu bifite amashyi ya gaze. Niba tumara amasaha magana abiri ya kilowatt-amasaha, nkigisubizo, birashobora gufata amafaranga azengurutse. Nigute wagabanya amashanyarazi atabangamiye? Bumwe mu buryo bworoshye ni ugukoresha amatara yo kuzigama ingufu. Ikintu cyabo cyihariye ni urumuri rwinshi rwo kugaruka, ni ukuvuga ubunini bwumucyo (bipimirwa i Lumen), byabonetse nimbaraga za 1w zikoreshwa nitara. Niba ku matara ya intengescent iyi mibare igera kuri 10-15 kuri 1-15, kuri Halogen - kugeza 30, hanyuma kugirango uzigame ingufu, hafi 50-60l kuri 1-60lm kuri 1-60lm kuri 1-60lm kuri 1-60lm kuri 1-60lm kuri 1-60lm kuri 1-60lm kuri 1-60l. Rero, umunwa usabwa urashobora kuboneka mugusimbuza, kurugero, 100-watt incandescent hamwe namatara ya Watt 20 gusa. Kubara byoroshye: Itara rya Watt 20 mu buzima busanzwe bwa serivisi (6-8 h) bizazigama amashanyarazi agera kuri 450-600. Kwinjira bihwanye (hamwe nibiciro bya metropolitan byukuri) ni amafaranga 900-1000. Ndetse uzirikana igiciro kinini cyamatara ya fluorescent (icyitegererezo hamwe nubushobozi bwa toni 20-26 biri kugurishwa ku giciro cya 150-200Rub.) Inyungu yo gukoresha ni zumvikana cyane.
Indi hiyongereyeho ibikoresho bisa ni bito (ugereranije n'amatara ya inzese na cyane cyane Halogen) urwego rwo gushuka ubushyuhe. Amatara ya fluorescent arashyushye cyane mugihe cyo gukora. Ibi bibafasha kubishyira mubikorwa "ikibazo" (kurugero, ibikoresho bya hamwe nimisozi kubikoresho byo hasi byoroshye).
Mu mucyo w'ikoranabuhanga rihanitse
Uburyo bw'itara rya fluostcent. Flask yikirahure yuzuye imvange ya gaze ya inert hamwe numwobo wa Mercure, kandi ubuso bwimbere butwikiriwe na fosifori idasanzwe. Munsi y'ibikorwa bya voltage ndende muri flask uhereye hejuru ya cathode, haracikamo ibice byihuta byacitse. Bahuye na atome ya mercure, baha imbaraga zabo kuri electron muri atome, kandi babihindure muburyo bushimishije. Ntabwo bitangaje: igihe gito- hamwe na electron yishimye isubira kuzenguruka ibyayo, kuri orbit ihamye, kandi ingufu zirenze, kandi ingufu zirenze zirasohoka nkimirasire ya ultraviolet. Luminofor ihindura ihinduka ultraviolet kumucyo ugaragara.
Amatara ya fluorescent: ejo n'uyu munsi
CLM Models iratandukanye mumucyo, gukoresha imbaraga hamwe nibindi biranga. Muri ibyo bipimo byerekana kwitondera mugihe uhitamo itara rishobora kumenya ibyingenzi.
Kubaka ishingiro. Clease, nkibintu byateye incagescent, birekurwa bifite ubwoko bwinshi bwibanze. Bashobora kuba bafite ibikoresho bisanzwe muri E27, minion E14, base ya E40, bakoreshwa mumatara manini "inganda", cyangwa pin yibanze kubishushanyo mbonera. Urufatiro rwibintu byo munzu bikoreshwa na e27.
Ubushyuhe bw'amabara. Umucyo wasohotse n'itara rishobora kugira uburyo butandukanye. Bisobanuwe nkuburyo bwo kubyuka umubiri wirabura rwose utwikiriye ubushyuhe runaka, kandi bigaragarira muri Kelvin (k). Itara risanzwe hamwe na 2700k (nkibara rishyushye ryigicucu cyumuhondo), 4200k (ku manywa), 6500k (ubukonje (ubukonje "hamwe nubururu"). Amatara hamwe nubushyuhe butandukanye bwamabara butandukanye nintego yagenewe. Niba "umuhondo" 2700k ifatwa nk '"cezy" kandi ibereye icyumba cyangwa icyumba cyo kuraramo, hanyuma amatara ya 6500k atanga amatara atandukanye, ataba meza cyane. Ariko birakwiriye gukora mu bigo.
Imbaraga zingufu. Amatara yose ya fluorescent rwose rwose ni amatara yubukungu.
Akenshi harimo Clips hamwe na flask yakozwe muburyo bwa arcs eshatu, ariko, barashobora gutandukana cyane hagati yabo kurwego rwibikoresha amashanyarazi. Kimwe n'ibindi bikoresho, ibyiciro by'ibihugu by'ibihugu bifite agaciro kuri CLll, ukurikije amatara yose agabanijwemo amasomo arindwi, kuva a kugeza kuri G (Ishuri rigomba kumenyekana kuri paki). Ingufu nyinshi - A. Niba itara ryahawe iri somo, bivuze ko igufasha gukiza amashanyarazi 80% kandi nkigisubizo gigabanya fagitire yamashanyarazi inshuro zigera kuri 6.
Kuva Biroroshye
Ni iki kindi ukwiye kubaza mugihe uhitamo itara? Birakenewe, kurugero, kugirango usobanure ubuzima bwa serivisi. Ukle ni ibihumbi 6-8 h (bisanzwe). Rimwe na rimwe, uwabikoze kugabanya ibiciro, ahindura igishushanyo kubera ibintu byemeza ko itara ryizewe. Birashobora kuba kubura ibice birinda igikoresho kuva mubitonyanga bya voltage, cyangwa vuba "gusaza" fosifore nziza. Rero, ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho buragabanuka cyane. Uyu munsi, abakora kwiyubaha bahitamo kutazigama kuri chips zishinzwe gutangiza itara ryoroshye, byemeza igihe kinini cya serivisi, - mubicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bizagera ku gihumbi 12) na Ndetse ibihumbi 15 h (moderi dulux el kwibanda R80 23w, Osirara, amashanyarazi rusange; Inkoni zitandukanye hamwe na tekinone ikoranabuhanga, Megaman).
Ikindi gisubizo cyuzuye ni tekinoroji ya amalgam ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi 12y. Amatara nkaya gahoro gahoro (muriyi moderi 100%, umugezi wumucyo umaze kugerwaho iminota 3), ariko ntabwo uhura nubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe bwo hejuru ndetse no hasi. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane mugihe ukoresheje itara rifunze, kimwe nibishyirwa mubyumba bitagengwa, kuko bitangirira ku bushyuhe bwa - 25c.
Ibipimo byingenzi cyane - Ibipimo bya Lamp. Guhitamo icyitegererezo, kurugero, kuri chandelier, birakenewe kuzirikana ko kuba societe isanzwe E27 atari garanti ko ikwiriye itara. Rero, uburebure bwa 85ws (Model 45 E2742, "cosmos") ni 335mm, n'ubugari ni 78mm; Ingano nkizi zifite amatara yimbaraga zisa nabandi babikora.
Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga narwo rwatangije Filsi. Muri byo harimo itara rikiza imbaraga hamwe ningaruka ebyiri zoroheje "2 muri 1". Ifite iyobowe ryayobowe kandi irashobora gukora muburyo bubiri: Muburyo bwa nijoro (urumuri rwijoro hamwe nimbaraga za 1w) no mu mwobo usanzwe (kashe usanzwe ufite imbaraga za 9w). Icyitegererezo "2 muri 1" cyateguwe kugirango gikore mu nyubako, aho imirabyo idakomeye irakenewe mugihe kirekire: Kurugero, mubyumba byo kuraramo, mubyumba mugihe ureba telefone cyangwa muri koridor kugirango yerekanwe.
Ibicuruzwa bishya byatanzwe na Osram - Model Dulux El Ikigo. Iri koranabuhanga ryashyizwe mubikorwa, bituma bishoboka kuzimya no kuzimya amatara mubuzima bwa serivisi, kimwe na tekinoroji yihuse kugirango uhitemo flux urumuri nyuma yo gufungura. Ibi biranga bigufasha gukoresha amatara ya Dulux El Ikigo kirimo kenshi kandi mugihe gito, kurugero, mubwiherero cyangwa kompaga ya clm ntabwo yateguwe kubikorwa bisa).
IB ...
Nubwo ihujwe no hanze ihuye namatara ya intendescent, clls ifite ibintu byinshi bibaye ngombwa kugirango bisuzumwe mugihe cyabo. Kurugero rero, itara riterwa nubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Amatara ya fluorescent akomeza gushyushya hejuru ya 60, kandi kubukonje ahagarika gukora. Kubwibyo, nibiba ngombwa, gucana ibibanza bitagengwa cyangwa imbuga zo mugihugu bigomba gukoreshwa muburyo bwihariye bwa clls kugirango bashyire hanze. Urukurikirane rusa ni murwego rwamasosiyete rusange, Osram hamwe nabandi bakora. Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko intangarugero zurugo za luyonecent itaragenewe gukoreshwa mubukonje mugihe ubushyuhe buri munsi -10с.
Yu. Sennikov
Umushushanya T. Zhuk.
Ifoto S. na E. Morgunov
Ikibazo cya Luminescent Gukoresha mugihe gito cyane cyangwa, kubinyuranye, ubushyuhe bwinshi. Itara rikomeje gukora nk'ibihe bitarangira, ariko bigabanuka mu gishushanyo mbonera. Urutonde rusanzwe rwubupfura ni, nk'ubutegetsi, -5 ... + 50C. Amatara ya fluorescent ntashobora gukoreshwa hamwe na dimmers (icyitegererezo cyoroheje kikwemerera gutegura amashanyarazi). Birashimishije cyane, kuri Luminescent Gutaka bisaba ibishushanyo mbonera byihariye. Ntabwo abakora ibicuruzwa byose bikozwe gusa, gira agace gusa (Ubudage) na Legrand (Ubufaransa). Mubisanzwe byagenewe amatara ya fluorescent hamwe nuburenganzira bwa elegitoronike kandi butandukanye mugiciro cyo hejuru. Kubwibyo, niba ukoresha Dimmer kugirango uhindure ubukana bwa chandel of thereiers, uzirikane ko mugihe usimbuza amatara asanzwe ya liminecent uzagomba guhindura urumuri numucyo.
Iyi sano ifite amatsiko ya sosiyete osram- dulux el dim. Iyi ni cll, umuzenguruko wa elegitoroniki wacyo kibereye gukora itara hamwe na dimeter isanzwe. Igikoresho gishya kituma bishoboka guhindura ubukana bwa flux urumuri murwego rwa 15-100% muburyo bumwe nkuko bitandukanije amatara.
Uburyo bushimishije bwo gukemura ikibazo cyo guhindura umucyo wa CLL itanga megaman. Imiyoboro igabanya urukurikirane rwakoreshejwe mu buryo bwo kugabanya cyangwa kongera umucyo ukoresheje ibintu bisanzwe-byumwanya. Kugirango ukore gahunda yo guhindura neza, ugomba gushoboza no kuzimya urumuri kuri 1 s. Gukoresha switch, urashobora guhindura amatara (5, 33, 66, 100%).
Plus ya "Intangiriro ishyushye"
Hano hari amatara yo kuzigama ingufu hamwe no gushyushya (gucana hafi amasegonda 1 nyuma yo guhinduranya) no gutangira ubukonje (birimo hafi). Igiciro cya mbere gihenze cyane, ariko mugire umubare utagira imipaka wo gutangira, uwa kabiri "ntukunde" kugirango bahinduke kandi bakingure inshuro nyinshi. Kurugero, isosiyete rusange y'amashanyarazi yerekana amashanyarazi ya serivisi ya CLM yacyo ku gipimo cyibice bitandatu kumunsi. Igihe gito cyo gutangiza igikoresho mugihe kitari munsi ya 20min itera kwambara no kugabanya cyane igihe gisanzwe. Ibiziga, aho urumuri rugomba kuzimya no kuzimya kenshi, birasabwa gushiraho amatara hamwe no gushyushya. Hanze, ntibatandukanye nuburyo bwimigero ikonje, bityo ubwoko bwibishushanyo byabo bigomba gusobanurwa nugurisha.
Hamwe nubuzima bwigihe kirekire, amatara yose ya fluorescent yaguye kumurika. Ibisanzwe bifatwa nkigabanuka ryiki kimenyetso na 20% kurangiza ubuzima bwa serivisi kigereranijwe, ariko kuri fosifori nziza, urwego rwumucyo rurashobora kwisubiraho rushobora kuba 50%. Yoo, ntakibazo ntigishobora gutandukanya fosifori nziza cyane kuva nziza. Kubwibyo, niba ushaka ko itara ryamatara ritagabanuka cyane nkibikoresho byakozwe, birashoboka gusa kugira inama ibicuruzwa byabantu bazwi kandi byagaragaye.
Hanyuma, ndashaka kuvuga amagambo make yerekeye umutekano nibidukikije. Mercure byombi bikoreshwa mumatara yibyishimo. Amafaranga yabo yagengwaga cyane nubuziranenge bujyanye no gukorera abakora mu Burayi, Aziya na Amerika. Kubwibyo, nubwo wambura imyanda itara murugo, ntishobora gufatwa nkimpamvu yo guhagarika umutima, nibyiza rwose gusura icyumba. Incamake yumutekano ntarengwa urekura amatara hamwe na flask yapakiwe na silicone idasanzwe ya silicone - kurugero, urukurikirane rwa buji (megaman). Niba itararyoryo rigabanuka kandi rigabanijwe, ibice hamwe na mercure byombi ntibizagwa mu kirere.
Kubera ko hari mercure mu matara ya fluostcentcentcent, ntibashobora gutabwa hamwe n'imyanda isanzwe. Ibitaro, abasahura bacu ntibaragaragarira urwego rukwiye rwo gutekereza. Kurugero, muburayi na Amerika hari ibigega by'imyanda byateguwe byumwihariko, ariko nanone bateri, televiziyo hamwe nibindi bikoresho bisa. WMOSKWE ifite ibigo bihagije bigize uruhare mu kujugunya imyanda ishobora guteza akaga, ariko ikorana cyane cyane n'imiryango, nubwo amasezerano yo gukorera hamwe ashobora kugirana na we umuntu. Nibyo, nyir'ibintu bimwe bitazabyemera, ariko kuri nyir'indirimbo nini ya nyiri amazu, serivisi nk'iyi ntabwo iremereye mu buryo bw'amafaranga. Nkuko babivuga, utuntu, ariko ni byiza. Skido- uhanishirizwa muburyo bwibidukikije.