Burebure bwa pronihouses hamwe nubusitani bwimbeho: Icyemezo cyamateka, imiterere yimiterere, amazi na sisitemu yo gushyushya, ibikoresho.
Mu muritsi nk'iki, gushyushya ahantu hatandukanye, nk'ubutegetsi, ntibikurikizwa
Imbere yingufu zisubira inyuma, ibibyimba bigezweho biratumvikana
Imiyoboro-ibipimo ngenderwaho bikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gushyushya kugirango dutwarwe atwara ubushyuhe
Kugashyushya umwuka mubusitani bwimbeho, ababana namazi bakoreshwa kuri 700mm hejuru. Bashyizwe muri glazing, hafi ya perimetero ya greenhouse
Guhinduranya Ikipe, "Guhitamo" ubushyuhe buva muri sisitemu yo gushyushya icyatsi
Itaziguye ashyushya shobuja bv460e kuri mazutu
Umunyamperi ushushe ("ubushyuhe")
Abafana ba fan bashyizwemo muri Greenhouses hamwe na sisitemu yo gushyushya amazi ashingiye kumiyoboro cyangwa imidugararo nibikoresho byo gushyushya kubutaka
Ifoto o.voronina
Amashanyarazi afite ubutaka bwamashanyarazi
Mu kirere gishyushya ikirere kidasanzwe, ibicuruzwa byo gutwika amavuta bikurwaho kumuhanda unyuze kuri chimney
Mu bihe byumwaka wose, ntabwo bitandukanijwe mu mpeshyi, birahagije kubaka inguni ya parike igeze iruhande rw'inzu y'igihugu cyayo, aho ibiti by'imikindo n'ibitangaza bikura.
Kuva mu mateka y'ibibazo
Orange Orange, Orange, Orange, Orange, Orange, ntabwo yari impanuka. Impuzandengo y'abami b'Abafaransa, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'Abami b'Abafaransa, bakoreshwaga mu kurwanya ibimera bitandukanye bidasanzwe, cyane cyane babyubashye cyane. Ibirahuri byambere gushyushya ibirahure byubatswe mu busitani bwa Botanika ya Belteren (Ubuholandi) muri 1599g.vanglia mu kinyejana cya XVII, muri Oxforde, hamwe n'amagare akomeye ya karubone, no muri Chelsea muri Chelsea 1685 Ku nshuro ya mbere, gushyushya ubutaka bwakoreshejwe.
Kubaka Herenzasi nanone bifite amateka maremare. Yashyushye n'itanura riswa mu biti "Urutonde rw'Ibyumba" byatangiye kugaragara mu mpera za XVII mu gihe cyo guhanura ubusitani bwa Moscou Kremlin Kremlin. Muri icyo gihe, muri Akoshingelsk, hafi y'umutungo wa Moscou mu gikomangoma M.A. Cherkassky, hari icyatsi kibisi mu mahanga (Peach, Oleander, Laurel Idr). Kuri xviiiv. Peter nashizeho icyatsi mu busitani bwimpeshyi no mu busitani bwa farumacaric ya St. Petersburg.
Nyuma, Grehouses, igamije cyane cyane gukura imbuto zidasanzwe mu gihe cy'itumba (inanasi, inzabibu idr), ihinduka ikintu cyingenzi muri usanzura na palace enser. Akenshi bahuza imikorere ya "pepiri munsi yikirahure", galeries n'ababyinnyi, barimbishijwe amashusho n'ibishusho, kimwe, urugero, muri manor ya Kuskovo hafi ya Moscou. Ikusanyirizo rikize cyane mu busitani P.A. Debidov muri Moscou (igice cya kabiri cya XVIII) no kubara.
Nyuma yo 1917. Mu Burusiya, gushyushya icyatsi mu ngo, kimwe no gutunga ibintu nk'ibyo, buhoro buhoro byarazimiye. Mu myaka mike ishize, igihe abantu batangiraga kubonana ku mpeshyi, habaye inyungu mu ikoranabutaka ryafunzwe, ariko icyatsi cyoroshye cyo guhinga imboga zambere zari zikenewe. Kubaka ibihangano byinshi byo mu mibonano mpuzabitsina n'ubusitani bw'itumba iruhande rw'inzu zo mu gihugu bivutse ubwa kabiri gusa uyu munsi.
Sisitemu yo gushyushya Ubusitani:
2- Umuyoboro wa plastike wa sisitemu yo gushyushya hasi no gushyushya ubutaka;
Abaminisitiri 3-
Kububyutsa imigenzo!
Mubitabo byihariye kubukungu bwa parike, gusohora icyatsi gikonje, aho ubushyuhe buke bukomeza mubukonje: hafi 1-8C. Ariko, ibisobanuro byijambo "Greenhouse" mubuzima bwa buri munsi ni bimwe bigometse: Iki nicyumba cyo gukura no kubyara ibimera bidatwara imiterere yiki gice hanze. Kubwibyo, orangenes bakunze kwita abandi (harimo tropical) Greapi yubushyuhe nubushyuhe mugihe cyimbeho kugeza 25-30C. Icyatsi kibisi-icyatsi kibisi, aho ibihingwa bigira uruhare rushyigikiye, kurema, mubyukuri, ibidukikije byo kugenda, kuruhuka cyangwa gukora ibiruhuko mugihe cy'itumba, bivugwa mubusitani bwimbeho. Amakoti arashobora kuba ibidendezi byamazi nibiti byo ku nkombe bifite amazi meza kandi yinyanja.
Grehouses zigezweho zisanzwe zigizwe nikadiri (yakozwe, kurugero, kuva "aluminimu") hamwe na glazing. Gukubita ubundi buryo ku rupapuro rumwe shyiramo Windows inshuro ebyiri, selile polycarbonate cyangwa ikirahuri cya acrylic. Kubera ko ubukana bwo gucana bugira ingaruka kuri fotosintezeza ibimera, nibyiza ko ubuso bwose bwa parike buboneye (ibi bizagufasha kubona umunsi mwinshi ushoboka). Rimwe na rimwe hari igisenge cyoroheje. Mu rukundo, birakenewe gutanga sisitemu yo kumurika ibihimbano. Kenshi na kenshi, "ubusitani bwamabuye" bwometse ku nzu, kugirango ubashe kwinjira mu muryango cyangwa gufungura igice, uhereye kucyumba cyegeranye, cyangwa gishyirwa mucyumba kiva mu nyubako. Icyumweru cyongerozi (sisitemu yingenzi yo gushyushya muri bo) mu macunga ubushyuhe bukenewe bushyigikiwe, ubushuhe bwabwo.d.
Gira icyatsi kibijwe, nubwo atari cyo, mubisanzwe inzozi za buri wese mubyaroye ibimera nindabyo bishushanya. N'ubundi kandi, urashobora kumena ubusitani bwumunsi windabyo, kandi ubikore bizana umunezero nyawo. Green Honese rimwe na rimwe ihinduka isoko yimboga yinginzi nimbuto zibidukikije kumeza yacyo.
Microclimate yubusitani bwimbeho ifite ingaruka nziza kumibereho myiza yumuntu, muburyo bwuruhu bwayo (hamwe nubushuhe bugereranije bwa 50-60%). Ufite uburenganzira bwo gukoresha icyatsi (nkuko byari bisanzwe mu Burusiya bwabanjirije Ihindurwa) Nka salle yo kwakira abashyitsi biherereye hanze yinyubako nkuru. Mu gihe cy'itumba, mu mpeshyi no mu gihe cyizuba hari ameza y'iminsi mikuru akaganira n'inshuti.
Shyushya "Cottage-Greenhouse":
2 - ubutaka;
3-Umuyoboro wa beto;
4- Ceradizite;
5- Gusunika mu buryo bw'amajyaruguru;
6- imiyoboro
Ku kugabanywa
Kubaka icyatsi kibisi nigikorwa kitoroshye, igisubizo cyacyo kizakenera umutungo wingenzi kumubiri no ku bikoresho uhereye ku mutezimbere. Ikoreshwa ryinshi kandi igihe nicyiciro cyo guhitamo sisitemu yo gushyushya.
Kugirango usuzume uko ibikubiye muri parike (ikiguzi cyacyo kirashyuha), birakenewe gukora kubara byoroshye. Kugirango ukore ibi, menya akarere ka glazing nubushyuhe bukenewe kubikubiyemo ibimera. Kurugero, inkombe kuva tropics nimboga zidasanzwe zikeneye ubushyuhe umwaka wose. Benshi muribo borohewe na 18-21. Birakenewe kandi kumenya ikarita yikirere ubushyuhe buke mukarere aho ubusitani bwubusitani buherereye (mu nkengero ni -29c). Coeefficient yo kwimura ubushyuhe bwibikoresho aho icyatsi gikozwe byoroshye gusobanura mu gitabo cyerekana. Kubirahuri bibiri, birashobora kuba 2.98 kcal / (m2 byihutirwa).
Formula yo gukenera ubushyuhe niyi: Ahantu h'ikinezeza bigwirijwe nitandukaniro ryubushyuhe nubushyuhe butwara neza. Yapimwe muri kilocalories kumasaha (kcal / h).
Reka dufate urugero mugihe agace ka glazing ari 140m2 (gukomera gukomera icyatsi gifite ubunini bwa 66m), itandukaniro ryubushyuhe 49c, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo kwimura ubushyuhe ni 2.98. Kubara: 140m2492.98 kcal / (m2cc) = 20443kkal / h (kuzenguruka). Kubera ko mubihe byinshi imbaraga zo gushyushya zitangwa mumatakira na Kilowatts, agaciro kabonetse wahinduwe mumatakira: 1w = 0.86kkal / h. Noneho, 204430.86 = 17581w (hafi 17.6 kw). ImbereSelylays, kuzirikana gutakaza ubushyuhe hamwe n'umwuka ukuweho, ubinyujije mu butaka bwacyo.p. Birumvikana ko gushyushya bitazakora imbaraga zuzuye zamezi atandatu nagatandatu ashyuha, ariko ibikoresho bigomba kubarwa kurubu mbaraga kugirango ibimera bidakonje muri kimwe muminsi yubukonje.
Mubyukuri, ibikoresho byo gushyushya gushyushya icyatsi ubusanzwe birimo sisitemu yo gushyushya umwuka, kimwe nubutaka na rack nindabyo (niba zitangwa muburakari). Byinshi muri byose, amazi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gushyushya burakwiriye.
Igishushanyo cya Schematic cya sisitemu yo gushyushya icyatsi kibisi:
1- Gushyushya ubutaka gushyushya ubutaka;
2- Kuvanga valve;
Ibikoresho 3 byo gushyushya;
4- Ubushyuhe bwa Generator;
5- Kwahanahana ubushyuhe;
Ibisekuru 6 hagati yinzu na parike;
7 - Pompe;
60- Ikigega cyo kwaguka;
9- Igice cyikora
Amazi, amazi
Sisitemu yo gushyushya icyatsi ikoreshwa hafi aho hose. Itanga ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe, bukundwa cyane nibimera.
Sisitemu yo kubitsa ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gushyushya (bitewe nubushyuhe bwa coolant), plastiki cyangwa imiyoboro yoroshye hamwe no kurwanya ruswa (urugero, hamwe no guhinga polymer). Bashyizwe muri zone yo hejuru ya greenhouse - munsi yinzura, imiyoboro yumuyoboro hamwe nikarigo; Hagati ya zone, inkuta zo hanze, ku nkombe y'imbere mu gihugu, imiyoboro y'amakaramu cyangwa umukandara wo hasi wo mu mirima no hagati y'imirongo y'ibimera; Muri zone yo hepfo, hasi hagati yumurongo wibimera, kuruhande rwakonikijwe kurukuta rwa 0.05-0.1.1 ku butaka bwimbitse, byibuze. hejuru yumuyoboro ushyushya. Nibura 40% yubushyuhe bwose, harimo no gushyushya ubutaka, bikoreshwa muburebure bwa 1m uhereye kubutaka. Gufunga no guhindura fittings bitanga inclusion itandukanye (guhagarika) hamwe no gutegeka kwimura ubushyuhe bwibikoresho byo gushyushya muri zone zitandukanye.
Kubihingwa byangiza, aho ibimera bimaze gukura mumatangazo, aho kuba imiyoboro ikoresha ubundi bwoko bwibikoresho byo gushyushya, nkabubaha. Bashyizwe muri zone yo hepfo ya parike, kumutwe ukosora kuri fondasiyo kugirango bakore "allet" bidahwitse ku isi.
Ubutaka bwo mu macunga burashyuha cyane ukoresheje ibyuma-plastiki. Intambwe ashyira imiyoboro igenwa no kubara, ariko agaciro kayo nibura cm 20-30. Imiyoboro yashyizwe kumurongo wibinyabuzima bitemba (umucanga cyangwa slag) hamwe nubunini byibuze cm 30, nyuma yikibanza cya 40-50cm gisukwa.
Ubukonje bwo gushyushya icyatsi bushobora gushyuha ukoresheje ibibyimba bigezweho bikorera kuri lisansi ya mazutu, propane, amashanyarazi cyangwa amavuta akomeye cyangwa umuriro uhamye cyangwa inkwi zikomeye. Amaherezo, urubanza rugomba kubaka ububiko bwa lisansi no kumara umwanya wo gukomeza imitsi ikomeye ya lisansi. Kongera ingufu zifata ingufu kuri boiler "Green" irunguka cyane kugirango ukoreshe gaze gasanzwe. Niba gushyushya icyatsi bitatanzwe mugishushanyo cyinzu, generator yubushyuhe bwa cottage igomba gusimburwa nindi nshya, ikomeye. Huza sisitemu yo gushyushya icyatsi (imiyoboro cyangwa imiyoboro n'ibikoresho byo gushyushya ubutaka) kugeza ku gushyushya inyubako binyuze mu guhana inyubako. Iragufasha gutandukanya urugo rwawe hamwe na parike gushyushya urutoki hagati kandi koroshya gushyushya.
Ubushyuhe bwa coolant mumashami yibikoresho byo gushyushya birashobora kuba hafi 60-80, kandi mumashami yo gushyushya ubutaka - kugeza kuri 40c (kugirango tutarenze imizi sisitemu). Ubushyuhe Hagati ya Greenhouse hamwe na kanama (bibiri byize cyane Polyurethane Ikirangantego cya Polotal) cyashyizwe mu muyoboro wa beto wuzuyemo ibumba, uherereye ku butaka bugera kuri 1.5. Kugirango ukwirakwize neza (propylene glycol) muri sisitemu yo gushyushya, pompe ikoreshwa, kandi kugirango yishyure kwaguka - ikigega cyagutse. Uburebure bw'umuco budodo butagomba kurenga 10-15m, bitabaye ibyo gutakaza ubushyuhe bizaba binini cyane.
Kora sisitemu yo gushyushya amazi ya Greenhouses irashobora kuba mubice bitandukanye. Ibiciro kuri boilers ya gaze ifite ubushobozi bwa 15 kugeza 90 KW ni $ 550-6800. Intebe zihenze kandi nziza cyane zitanga viessmann, Buderus, Viallant (Ubudage), Dedietrich (Ubufaransa). Ibiciro byo hagati kandi biciriritse bigurisha roca (Espagne) boiard, Protherm (Slowakiya (Igisilovakiya), ACV (Ububiligi) Idr. Gutwika kubitsa (niba bidatanzwe muri Kit) bizatwara andi $ 400-1500.
Ibishushanyo bikwirakwira bifite agaciro ka $ 60-700, gutanga urujya n'uruza rw'ubukonje muri sisitemu, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwa 3-75m3 / h kugirango ubone isoko ry'Uburusiya Grundfos, Vilo (Ubudage), Dabu (Ubutaliyani). Ibigega byiza byo kwaguka bikenewe kugirango twishyure ubushyuhe bwo kwagura ubukonje mugihe cyo gukora sisitemu yo gushyushya itanga reflex (Ubudage). Gufunga-kuzimya kwizirika bya Danfoss (Danemark), Herz (Otirishiya), amasosiyete y'Abataliyani na Giacomini. Igiciro cya Kit cyiyemeje, gishingiye ku kubara $ 4 kuri 1m2 ahantu hashyushye 1m.
Birakenewe kwita ku byo bikemura ikibazo cyo kurwanya ubushyuhe muri parike (ku burebure butandukanye bw'icyumba), bikurikirana imikorere yo gukwirakwiza pompe, bizahuza imikorere yo gushyushya hamwe na sisitemu yo guhumeka. Umusaruro wa Automaction ukorwa mubikando namasosiyete kure yumusaruro wa boilers. Sisitemu hamwe nubushyuhe bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa Algorithm bizatwara amadorari 75-170. Impuzandengo y'ingorane ziva ku $ 300 kugeza 1000. na "Ibyimba" Porogaramu Porogaramu hamwe nibishoboka byo kugenzura kure birashobora gukora neza kandi kuri $ 3500-4000.
Ubushyuhe bugezwa kuri Greenhouses kandi ikwirakwizwa binyuze mumiyoboro. Ibiciro byibicuruzwa byubatswe byibitabo ni $ 5 kuri 1Pog. M. imiyoboro hamwe na diameter ya 75mm. Icyuma-Polymer Pipes kuva Henko (Ububiligi), Merzerplast (Isiraheli), UNICOR (Ubudage) izatwara amadorari 0.5-1.5 kuri 1 kurimbuka 16mm. Igiciro cyabana cyumusaruro wo murugo gifite ibikoresho byubushyuhe hamwe nicyuma cyicyuma hamwe na $ 30-50 kuri km 1 yigikoresho. Babatangaho, nk'urugero, Kzto, "Santechprom", "isotherm" (Uburusiya). Ntiwibagirwe inono. Amashanyarazi adafite uburozi Glycol agura amadorari 1-2 kuri litiro 1; Muri icyo gihe, bizatwara litiro zigera kuri 200 kuri sisitemu yo gushyushya hamwe no gushyushya icyatsi kibisi hamwe na 30m2.
Hahujwe "ikirere-ikirere" gushyushya sisitemu ya parike:
Umufana;
3- Inkomoko y'amazi ashyushya ubutaka
Guhumeka neza
Muri Greenhouse nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa gushyushya umwuka. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mumazi (bigizwe nibikoresho byo gupfusha imiyoboro bifitanye isano nubushyuhe na sisitemu yubutaka). Ubwo bushyuhe bwinshi ni uguha ibikoresho byatsi ahantu hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hanze bwumunsi ukonje -20c na hepfo. Imikorere yo gushyushya umwuka muri sisitemu yo gushyushya hamwe igera ku kigereranyo cya 35-40% yo kunywa ubushyuhe. Ariko, mu turere tumwe na tumwe dufite ikirere cyoroheje, gushyushya ikirere cy'icyatsi gishobora gukoreshwa nk'ingenzi cyangwa muri tandem hamwe na sisitemu yo gushyushya ubutaka.
Ubusa bwa sisitemu yo gushyushya ikirere bugomba kubamo imikorere myiza na inertia nkeya: Ku minota 35-40 sisitemu yo mu kirere irashobora kuzamura ubushyuhe muri parike na 15-20. Ibi biragufasha gushyushya neza icyatsi ndetse no gukingura. Umuyaga ushyushye utera urujya n'uruza rw'ibikenewe n'imyanya imwe ya parike yose. Birakenewe ko ibikoresho byo gushyushya mu kirere bihendutse kuruta ubundi buryo.
Gushyushya ikirere (iyo ikirere gishyushye ahantu hamwe, nyuma akwirakwizwa neza mucyumba afashijwe n'umuyoboro wo mu kirere) urashobora gutondekwa hashingiwe ku bushyuhe bwo mu kirere butwara gaze cyangwa lisansi y'amazi. Ihuza umuyoboro nyamukuru wa gaze cyangwa kontineri hamwe na lisansi yubukwe; Gukuraho ibicuruzwa byo gutwika hanze ya parike ikoresha chimney. Gusuka ubwayo kuzuza ikirere cya parike no kuyishyushya ubushyuhe bugera kuri 40, ashyushya ikirere noneho yateye inshinge murusobe rwindege kuva kuri perivane tin, intera imwe kuva kurukuta , ku butumburuke bugera kuri 2.5m. Kugirango uhumure rinini, ubushyuhe bumwe, kimwe nubufatanye bwiza bwa misa ya rubanda, guhumeka bishyirwa ku mwobo wibiryo mukirere.
Gushyushya ikirere byashyizweho nta mwuga. Kubwibyo, bazakenera ubushyuhe bwabafana buhagaze - Fankeal ifite ibikoresho byubushyuhe butaziguye cyangwa calorine. Ibikoresho nkibi bitanga ubushyuhe bunoze kandi bwihuse bwa parike gusa, harimo hamwe no gukingurwa kenshi.
Usibye sisitemu yo gushyushya ikirere, urashobora guha ibikoresho byubutaka bwamashanyarazi ukurikije umugozi umwe cyangwa ibiri urwanya. Imbaraga zihuse za nyuma zigomba kurenga 15w / m, kugirango zitarenze imizi sisitemu yibiti. Ubushyuhe bwiza bwubutaka ni 15-25 ° C kumico itandukanye na 30- kumadufu yinyamanswa n'ibitanda.
Niba umugozi ushyizwe mu butaka, byifuzwa gukoresha urwego rwo kwinjiza ubushyuhe mu bikoresho bidakurura ubuhehere (urugero, ibifuni bya polystyrene cyangwa polyethylene). Kuva hejuru, ubushyuhe bwo kwigarurira buke bwafunzwe na firime ya polyethylene ikoresha uruhare rwo gutanga amazi. Igice cyumucanga gisutswe gifite ubunini bwa cm 10, imbere umugozi wo gushyushya ubeshya (uburebure bwumucanga hejuru ya kabili ntabwo ari munsi ya cm 5). Ikimenyetso cyo gushyira umugozi utambitse- hafi cm 15. Hejuru yumucanga ukwirakwiza urunigi kugirango urinde umugozi wibyangiritse ku masuka cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyo mu busitani. Noneho suka ubutaka burumbuka ufite ubunini bwa cm 20-25.
Mugihe ushyiraho umugozi muri beto, birashoboka ko ibyangiritse muburyo bwo gutunganya ubutaka nibikoresho bitandukanye bigabanuka. Ubushyuhe bwo kwimura ubushyuhe bwiyongera kubera ubucucike bwinshi nubuzima bwabashingwa ugereranije nubutaka.
Ku miyoboro yo gushyushya ikirere, ugomba kugura ikirere kibereye gukoreshwa muri grehouses, kurugero, uhereye ku bigo "ubushyuhe" (Uburusiya), Steamtherm (USA mpuzamahanga (USA). 32KW wo mu kirere ashyuha module iri kugereranwa $ 1500-3200. Imiterere yikirere (Impanuka) - $ 20-25 ku gipimo cya 1m2 ashyuha. Abafana beza hamwe n'amazi yo mu mazi bakora Jaga (Ububiligi); Ibikoresho byiza bitangwa na VTS CLUMA (Polonye), "moven", "weeza" (byombi- Uburusiya). Ikiguzi cya "Umufana Coil" Sisitemu yo gushyushya ni impuzandengo ya $ 130-500 kuri 1 kw yimbaraga zubushyuhe. Ibice byo gushyushya hashingiwe ku migozi imwe n'ibiri-imigozi ikorwa n'amasosiyete menshi, harimo n'ubumwe (Espi (Devi (Danemark), na Time " na "electronics ya electronics". Igiciro cya sisitemu yo gushyushya sisitemu yubutaka ni $ 10-25 kuri 1m2 yashyushye orange cyangwa ubusitani.