Nigute wahitamo inzu nziza: Ubuyobozi burambuye kubaguzi

Tuvuga icyo twitondera mugihe duhitamo inzu mu nyubako nshya no mwisoko rya kabiri.

Kugura umutungo utimukanwa nintambwe ishinzwe. Mbere yo gukora, ndashaka kumenya neza ko nta bishimishije bishimishije kurikira. Saba ubufasha kumugaragaro, ariko ntabwo yemeza ko hatabaho ibibazo. Mu mategeko, ni Umuhuza atanga serivisi zimwe na zimwe. Kubwibyo, nibyiza kumenya uburyo bwo guhitamo inzu mugihe ugura.

Byose bijyanye no guhitamo inzu nshya

Kugura ku isoko ryibanze cyangwa yisumbuye

Ibipimo byibanze byo guhitamo

- Akarere

- Ubwoko bw'inzu

- hasi

- Icyiciro cyo kurangiza

Reba mbere yo kugura

Inyubako nshya cyangwa secondary

Iki nikintu cya mbere cyane kumenya. Amacumbi ava kumasoko yibanze kandi yiya kabiri arashobora gutandukana cyane muburyo bwiza, urwego rwihumure nigiciro. Nibyiza gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ryiza kandi wumve ibyiza nibibi byombi.

Inyubako nshya

Iki cyiciro gihuza amazu yaguzwe mu nzu irimo kubakwa. Icyiciro cyo kwitegura gishobora kuba gitandukanye: kuva mu rwobo kugeza ku kintu cyiteguye cyangwa cyiteguye gutanga. Inyungu yinyubako nshya nigiciro cyiza. Bizatandukana cyane bitewe nurwego rwo kuboneka rwinyubako. Mugihe cyo kugurisha, igiciro cya metero kare ni bike.

Kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zabaguzi, kuva muri Nyakanga 2019 Hariho gahunda yo kubona umutungo utimukanwa ukoresheje konti encrow, aho mumaso yumubiri yibanda. Dukurikije amategeko mashya, uwatezimbere afite uburenganzira bwo gukoresha amafaranga cyangwa inguzanyo gusa. Kubwibyo, amasezerano y'ibihugu bitatu ku gufungura konti ya ESCROW hagati ya banki, umuguzi nuwayitezimbere.

Amafaranga kuri yo yahagaritswe kugeza icyo kintu gishize. Kugeza iki gihe, amafaranga ya banki kubaka amafaranga y'inguzanyo. Nyuma yo kwinjira mu nyubako ibikorwa, amafaranga ajya kuri konti yuwitezimbere. Gukoresha gahunda nshya yongera inzira yo gutegura ibikorwa ugereranije ibyumweru bibiri, ariko byemeza umutekano wumuntu wumubiri. Nka mbere, birashoboka gufata amasezerano murwego urwo arirwo rwose rwo kubaka.

Twerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo inzu mu nyubako nshya. Bita cyane.

Niki ugomba kwitondera mugihe uhisemo

• Umushinga. Amategeko nubwiza bwubwubatsi biterwa nubutibabuhanga bwayo. Mbere yo gusoza amasezerano, amakuru yerekeye isosiyete irasabwa. Nibyiza, niba ushobora gusura umaze kubakwa cyangwa gukodesha murugo kugirango urebe uburyo akazi gakora neza.
• Yemereye. Abashinzwe iterambere ryatanzwe. Harimo uruhushya rwo gusohoza kubaka, gutangaza umushinga, andi masezerano. Niba yanze gukora ibi, nimpamvu yo gushidikanya ku isuku yigihe kizaza.
• Icyiciro cyo kubaka. Niba wihuta ariko urashobora guhitamo ibyiciro byambere. Ibi birarunguka cyane. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kubara ingaruka zose no kugwiza amasezerano wenyine.

Secorar

Amazu magara yaguzwe na nyirayo ku giti cye cyangwa abinyujije mu kigo. Birashobora kuba bitandukanye nkigihugu, ubwoko bwinzu nibindi biranga. Ibi kandi bikubiyemo amazu mu nyubako zimaze gukara mugihe runaka. Bagurisha abaterankunga. Bitandukanye nibyingenzi, isoko rya kabiri rikorwa neza binyuze mumyanzuro y'amasezerano yo kugura ibintu bisanzwe.

Ibyiza bya kabiri nibishoboka byo kugenzura no gusuzuma. Kubwibyo, ugomba kumenya uburyo wahitamo itsinda ryisumbuye. Ni ngombwa gushimishwa uko byanga, menya ko kuvugururwa bizakenera, amafaranga angahe agomba gushora imari, cyangwa imirimo yo gusana ntazakenerwa. Ukurikije ibi, igiciro cyuzuye kibarwa.

Kenshi na kenshi, Fondasiyo ishaje iri mu turere dufite ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere, uburyo bwiza bwo kugera. Izi ni nziza. Ariko birashoboka ko urwego rwo guhumuriza ruzaba ruto. Bikunze kuboneka imiterere idashimishije, aho utuye, ingazi kandi rwinjira ntabwo buri gihe ikomeza neza. Byinshi biterwa murugo n'ahantu. Kubwibyo, iyi nzira igomba guhitamo neza.

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ITORERO RY'INGENZI

Twotsindira ingingo zingenzi zigena amazu.

1. Amacumbi

Mugihe uhisemo akarere, ugomba gusuzuma ibintu byinshi.

• Urwego rwiterambere ryibikorwa remezo. Kuboneka mu ntera yo kugenda, ivuriro, amashuri, ibibuga by'ingenzi ni ngombwa cyane, cyane cyane ku miryango ifite abana. Ahantu hashya gakunze kwibakwa ku buryo bumva neza, muriki gihe ibintu byose ukeneye byubatswe icyarimwe hamwe ninyubako zo guturamo.
• Gutwara abantu. Kubaho kw'amaso yo gutwara abantu, ubwiza bwimihanda hamwe nakazi kabo niyindi ngingo y'ingenzi. Ba nyiri imodoka barasabwa kuza aho hantu hagenewe kandi bagere aho bakorera cyangwa mu mujyi rwagati. Ibi bizafasha kugereranya uko ibintu bimeze. Ariko muriki gihe, kuboneka kwimodoka rusange ni ngombwa. Nibyiza, niba bigenda buri gihe kandi hari inzira zihagije. Mu gace kakuru ntakibazo kibi. Hashobora kubaho ingorane zo kubakwa.
• Ibintu by'ibidukikije. Hafi yinzu ntihagomba kubaho ibikoresho byunganda, amazu manini ya boiler, amazi yubutaka. Uyu ni agace kitemewe. Nibyiza ko hafi yari akarere keza, kandi kugenda byubwikorezi ntabwo aribyo.

2. Kubaka ubwoko

Ihumure ryo kubaho rishingiye ahanini kubwoko bw'igishushanyo: Amatafari, akanama, monolithic. Tuzasesengura ibyiza n'ibibi bya buri.

• Amatafari. Amazu nk'ayo azigama ubushyuhe, buraramba kandi araramba. Bafite amajwi meza, ariko hashobora kubaho ingorane hamwe nincumyi, kubera ko umubare munini winkuta ari abatwara. Kubaka amatafari bihenze, birabujijwe imishinga yo hejuru, bityo irakoreshwa muri rusange.
• Monolithic. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry'ubwubatsi. Hano hari inyubako z'amatafari monolithic. Inyungu zabo zisangiye ni ubwubatsi bwihuse, imbaraga nyinshi zikora neza, guhitamo ibintu byinshi. Muri Monoliths, inyanja ndende, ibyumba bibiri-bimi, amaterasi birasanzwe. Ijwi ryumvikana ntabwo ari ryiza bihagije.
• Amazu y'indere. "Panels" igezweho itandukanye nabababanjirije muri Spoviet. Birashyushye cyane, kuko butunganijwe muburyo butuje. Inyubako zishaje zirakonje cyane, kubera ko ingendo zabo zihagarikwa. Biterwa na leta yinzu, kuba hari gusana. Mu nyubako zose zitsinda, amajwi mabi, nta bushobozi bukabije. Ariko igiciro ni gito.

Igorofa ya 3

Ihumure ryimiturire mu nyubako ndende ziterwa no gutoranya hasi. Bigenera amatsinda atatu yinyamanswa.

• Munsi, hasi kugeza kuri 3-4. Hano, abaturage bakora amajwi yo mumuhanda, cyane cyane ababa mu magorofa ya mbere. Idirishya ryabo rirebwa byoroshye kumuhanda, naryo ridashimishije. Kubwibyo, ikiguzi cya "kare" hano ni 5-10%. Inyungu yonyine ni ubwigenge kuri lift.
• Ugereranyije, amagorofa kuva 4 kugeza kuri 10. Kubura urusaku rwo kumuhanda, urumuri rwinshi, ibitekerezo byiza biva mu idirishya, nkuko isubiramo bitari kumurongo. Igiciro cya "kare" ni hejuru. Ingaruka zifatwa nkibikorwa byimikorere ya lift.
• Hejuru, amagorofa hejuru 10. Ushaka gutura ahantu henshi ukurura ibitekerezo byiza mumadirishya, nta rusaku rwo ku muhanda, ikirere, kubera ko ibintu byose bifite uburozi binuwe hafi yubutaka. Y'ibidukikije birakenewe kumenya ingaruka nyinshi mugihe habaye umuriro no kwishingikiriza rwose kumurimo wa lift.

Hasi ni igiciro mubisanzwe kumazu kumuntu wambere ninyuma. Ikibazo nyamukuru cyabambere - gutontoma nubukonje bwo hasi, bisaba ishoramari ryinyongera mu kwigunga no kwigana. Amacumbi munsi yinzu arashobora gutemba bishobora guteza akaga, mugihe cyizuba gishobora gushyuha hejuru yigisenge.

Utitaye kumagorofa, hari ibintu biranga aho hantu bigira ihumure ryo kubaho. Turatondekanya amazu meza atari ukugura.

• Hafi y'ingazi n'inzitizi. Hano urusaku rwijejwe no kunyeganyega kuva kumurima wa lift.
• Amahitamo y'inguni. Ibyumba bizaba bikonje kuruta ahasigaye inyubako ndende.
• Hamwe na Windows ije guhagarara neza. Mu bibanza bizaba umwijima.

4. Icyiciro cyo kurangiza

Mu nyubako nshya, ubwoko butandukanye bwanyuma butangwa nko muri Sestary. Kubaho cyangwa kubura gusa bigira ingaruka kubiciro byamazu. Mugihe kimwe, birakenewe kubara amafaranga yo kurangiza nyuma niba bikenewe, no kunyongera kubiciro. Tuzakemura amahitamo ashoboka.

• Utarangije. Iyi ni "agasanduku" hamwe nurugo rwinjira rwashizwemo kandi rwidirishya. Ntibishoboka kuba muri yo gusana, ariko ikiguzi ni gito.
• Gushushanya. Igisenge, hasi n'inkuta zahujwe, Itumanaho ry'ubwubatsi ryakozwe, ahantu hicaye munsi y'amazi. Yashinze metero y'amazi.
• Bikwiye. Usibye amahitamo yabanjirije aya, amashanyarazi arashyirwaho, hashyizweho amashanyarazi, hari impinduki n'amasanduku. Amazi yashyizweho rwose. Imiterere ya Byera irimo ibicapo byo gushushanya no gushiraho imiryango yose yimbere.
• Birasobanutse. Kurangiza kurangiza hejuru yubuso bwose. Iterambere itanga amahitamo yo gushushanya. Akenshi nibisubizo bihendutse cyane, ariko birashoboka ukundi.

Rimwe na rimwe, bitanga umutungo utimukanwa no kurangiza. Muri uru rubanza, umuguzi ahisemo umushinga wo gushushanya ukunda. Iki nigisubizo gihenze cyane.

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Nigute ushobora kugenzura icumbi mbere yo kugura

Kugenzura byuzuye mbere yuko umwanzuro wibikorwa ni itegeko. Bikorerwa mu byiciro. Ubanza kwiga inyandiko, noneho ugenzure neza ikintu cyo kugura. Nibyiza gutumira inzobere: umunyamategeko, umwubatsi, rearttor, uzafasha kugenzura neza umutungo. Tuzasesengura ibiranga cheque.

Inyubako nshya

Abaze ubwinize neza ibyangombwa bikenewe. Muburyo bwa elegitoronike ishyirwa kurubuga rwumutezimbere. Hagomba kubaho inyandiko kubukode cyangwa kuba nyirubwite umugambi wubutaka, kwemerera ibyangombwa byo kubaka, gutangaza kubaka.

Birakwiye kumenyera umushinga wuzuye witerambere, aho ibintu remezo byerekanwe, ibiranga, ibiranga. Iteka ry'inyandiko zigomba gutangwa bisabwe n'umuguzi mu biro byo kugurisha. Ubugenzuzi bugaragara bwamagorofa mugihe cyo kugura akenshi ntibishoboka. Kubwibyo, ugomba guhitamo witonze sosiyete umutimanama.

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Secorar

Ingingo y'ingenzi ni ukumenya neza ko nyirayo ya nyirubwite. Ntibyoroshye gukora ibi, bityo rero bifuza guha akazi umunyamategeko w'inararibonye, ​​azasesengura ibyangombwa byose byatanzwe, ikinyamakuru kiboneye kugura no kugurisha. Witondere kumenyera inyandiko yumwimerere. Ba nyirubwite barashobora kuba bimwe, noneho hamwe na buri cyemezo cyemewe. Kugaragaza ko hatabaho uburenganzira bushoboka bwo kuzungura, bahabwa kwemerwa n'imibereho myiza niba umwana yateganijwe.

Wige igitabo cyangwa abaguzi kugirango ntamuntu wanditse mugihe cyo kugura. Birakwiye kubona kubura imyenda kuri komini n'igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose. Urashobora kwiyemerera kwishimwe ikibazo cyo gutakaza uburenganzira. Niba havutse ibirori byishingiwe, isosiyete izigenga ibibazo byose.

Icyiciro gikurikira ni ubugenzuzi bugaragara. Tangira kuva munzu yinzu no mukarere kegeranye. Witondere ubuziranenge no kubungabunga neza ubwinjiriro na lift. Iheruka igomba kuba mubikorwa. Imbere mu nzu, ugomba kugenzura imiterere nyayo n'iyatangwa mu gihe cyo gutangaza. Niba badahuye, hagomba kubaho uruhushya rwo gucungurwa. Bitabaye ibyo, ntabwo birinda ibibazo.

Imiterere yubuso bwose iragenzurwa. Ntabwo hagomba kubaho kubumba, ibice, amazi ahindagurika. Imiterere yitumanaho ryubwubatsi, amazi meza, guhumeka yiga. Nibyiza gusaba kuzimya igihe "cyumvikana" ibikoresho byamashanyarazi kugirango usuzume amajwi urusaku rwurusaku rwumuhanda. Birakwiye kugenzura imikorere ya socket zose no guhinduranya.

Mu gusoza, nibyiza kuvugana nabaturanyi. Ntabwo bashimishijwe no kugurisha, bityo bazafasha gusuzuma neza korohereza gutura muri kariya gace no mu gikari. Ibintu byinshi bishimishije urashobora kuboneka kubyerekeye inzu hamwe nimiturire yakusanyijwe. Birakenewe gufata icyemezo cya nyuma nyuma yo gusesengura amakuru yose yakiriwe.

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