Incamake y'amazi yibanze yerekana isoko: ibintu byo kwinjiza ibikoresho, ubwoko nibisobanuro byibikoresho, abayikora.
Nkuko mubizi, amazi arimo umwanda wose. Ni ngombwa, haba ku mazi aturuka muri gahunda yo kuvura amazi yo mu mijyi cyangwa mu buhanzi. Imibumbe no mu rundi rubanza, haribintu byose byanduye, ntibizana ubuzima bwacu gusa, ahubwo binatanga ibikoresho byo murugo. Kubwibyo, nta muyunguruzi wamazi yibanze (amazi) ntashobora gukora.
Nk'uko by'ihanga z'impuguke zivuga ko ikibazo cyo kweza amazi kuza mu mazi yacu yo mu rugo, kugeza ubu, bikabije kugeza ku mbibi. Birumvikana ko amazi abera ku mibanire y'amazi yo mu mijyi ivura cyane, ariko mubuzima bwa buri munsi duhura n'ingaruka za "kwandura izina rya kabiri". Nyuma ya byose, amayeri y'amazi mubihe byinshi yananiwe cyane umutungo wabo, kandi, kubwibyo, amazi meza, arumirwa ningese, ibice byumwanda, imyambarire itandukanye hamwe nundi umwanda. Amazi nkaya ntabwo akwiriye kunywa kandi yongera kwita kumurima, ibikoresho byo murugo biracika, birananirana, biteye ishozi gutandukana byijimye, bikavunitse bigoye. Izi uburyo bwo kweza amazi uyumunsi muburyo busanzwe bwijambo ni ngombwa. Usibye ibikoresho, tuzavuga kubyerekeye akayunguruzo ka Coarse washyizwe ku bwinjiriro bwumuyoboro utanga amazi munzu cyangwa munzu kandi nigice cyingenzi muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi, tutitaye ku isoko yakoreshejwe n'amazi meza.
Nigute n'aho ushobora gukora isesengura ryamazi
Mbere yo gutanga amafaranga meza kubice byikoranabuhanga bigezweho, ni byiza gukora ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwibigize amazi, bizamenya aho uhitana umwanda nubujura ari ngombwa kweza amazi, kandi ibintu biherereye ngaho muburyo busanzwe. Kuva muribi bizaterwa, niba uzagarukira gusa kumazi yubukanishi.Ahari ikibindi cyangwa icupa (nibyiza gufata icupa riva mumazi atoroshye hamwe namabuye yometseho) amazi 1,5-2l agomba kuba akurikirana, azagira icyitegererezo cyo gusesengura. Ubushobozi no gutwikira bivuye kukwozwa neza n'amazi uzababara nubushakashatsi (kandi ntakibazo gikoresha nta moteri!). Mbere y'uruzitiro rw'icyitegererezo, birasabwa gukuramo amazi muri sisitemu (hafi miriyoni 10) kugirango tukureho amazi ahagariye ku miyoboro. Kuzuza icupa, birakenewe gufunga cyane kandi mugihe cya vuba cyane (bitarenze nyuma yamasaha 12) yitirirwa muri ses, Ishami ryaho rya Vodokanal cyangwa imwe muri laboratoire yigenga. Ni ngombwa kuzirikana ko mugihe azingutse ingemwe yimiyoboro yumujyi cyangwa umudugudu, ibigize amazi birashobora gutandukana umunsi wose kubera ubutabazi bwo kurya amazi.
Kubisesengura nkibi, bitewe nuburemere, ugomba kwishyura amafaranga 500 kugeza 3500. Noneho, kumenya, nkuko babivuga, umwanzi mumaso arashobora gushakishwa guhitamo intwaro ya Intwaro ihuye na sisitemu. Kugirango umenye neza ibihimbano nibikorwa byuruganda rutunganya amazi, birakenewe kuzirikana ibihe bikurikira: Hano haribintu byashize byo murugo, bisabwa byihariye kugirango ubwiza bwamazi bukoreshwa; Ibihe cyangwa buri gihe munzu abantu babaho; Ikigereranyo cyamazi n'amazi yakoreshejwe buri munsi.
Kwinjiza muyunguruzi
Akayunguruzo karashizweho kugirango winjire mu muyoboro ugana munzu cyangwa inzu. Kugirango ukore ibi, igice cyaciwe mumuyoboro ugaburira amazi, kandi akayunguruzo kashyizwe ahabigenewe. Imbere ye irashobora kuba konti yo gukoresha. Kwinjira mu nzu ziyongera mu nyubako ndende zirahiga, zihishe mubisanzwe muri guverinoma y'Ubuhanga mu musarani cyangwa mu bwiherero (nubwo rimwe na rimwe bari mu gikoni). Iyaba ubwiherero bumwe gusa bufite aho butuye, bityo rero hariho imisoro ibiri (bishyushye kandi bikonje), hanyuma muyunguruzi ebyiri birakenewe kumazi ashyushye kandi akonje. Ariko, mu kazu kamwe n'inzu igenamigambi rigezweho, hari byibuze ibice bibiri byo gukwirakwiza indwara, muricyo gihe abayungurura bazakenera byinshi - buri ruswa kuyungurura. Kugirango byoroshye gukurwaho no gusukura igikoresho cyo gushukwa, kimwe nibiba ngombwa, hindura ibintu, ni ngombwa muburyo bwo gushiraho igikoresho kugirango utange indangagaciro. Nibyiza kubashyira mbere yuko ayunguruzo no inyuma yacyo.
Iyo igikoresho cyashizwemo, amazi yinjira munzu inyura muyungurura ibintu. Iheruka akenshi igereranya ibikoresho byose cyangwa selile, bidindiza umwanda wubuha bunini. Igomba kwitondera ko diameter yimiyoboro mumazu iratandukanye. Kubwibyo, mbere yo kugura akayunguruzo, ugomba gupima diameter yumuyoboro winjira munzu yawe. Uwakoze uburyo bwo kuvura amazi mubisanzwe hari amahitamo menshi yo guhuza (ibintu byinshi mubihe bya buri munsi 1/2 3/4, ariko santimetero 1-2-nyinshi kandi iraboneka). Niba ukibeshya mubunini, ntukibeshye. Urashobora gukemura ikibazo ugura adapt idasanzwe yinkumi.
Mbere yo guhitamo akayunguruzo, ugomba kumenya icyo gice cyumuyoboro uteganijwe kwishyiriraho igikoresho - itambitse cyangwa ihagaritse. ICYITONDERWA, ntabwo abakora bose bafite moderi icyarimwe bikwiranye haba haba mu buryo bwo guhagarikwa no gutambuka. Naho inzira yo kwishyiriraho ubwayo, ntigomba kwigenga. Ariko inzobere "nziza" guhamagarira na gato ko umurimo wacyo ari ngombwa ku rutugu no kuvoma bisanzwe. Cyane cyane kuva isosiyete ukura ibikoresho igomba byanze bikunze kuguha amabwiriza arambuye, aho asobanurwa icyo, uburyo n'aho bwo gushiraho.
Iyungurura ryinjijwe mumazu, akenshi bisa na flask. Guhitamo igikoresho, ugomba kumenya ko muyunguruzi amazi ashyushye kandi akonje afite imanza nziza hagati yundi. N'ubundi kandi, "bakora" bari ku bushyuhe butandukanye, bivuze ko bikozwe mubintu bitandukanye. Rero, kuri flawsk munsi yamazi akonje birakwiriye cyane kubikoresho bya polymer. Imodoka y'amazi ashyushye ashungura amazu agomba kuba imbaraga nyinshi, nuko babavana mu muringa, imiringa, ibyuma cyangwa bishimangirwa nylon. Igikoresho cyerekanwe kumazi akonje, ntakibazo gishobora gushyirwaho kumuzi mwinshi. Ariko abayunguruzi byamazi nabyo birakwiriye kandi mumihanda myinshi.
Uyu munsi, abakora batanga ubwoko nk'ubwo bwo kweza amazi, nka Mesh, Carridges (cyangwa karitsiye) no gutandukanya.
Ivan Kotenhev, Rusklim Canter Tenmo:
Ati: "Iyo uhisemo isosiyete isesengura ryumubiri numubiri, nibyiza gutanga ibyifuzo bya laboratoire yigenga hamwe nuruhushya rukwiye. Mubisanzwe bifite ibikoresho byateye imbere, ni ubuhanga kandi ntibabogamye rwose ibisubizo byabonetse. Byongeye kandi, mbere yo kujya muri laboratoire, bizaba ishyira mu gaciro kugirango ubone inama yinzobere, zizerekana ubwoko bwiza bwisesengura kugirango umenye ubwiza bwamazi. Muri byinshi, biterwa ninkomoko nintego ya sisitemu yo gutanga amazi, ndetse no kubisabwa kubakora ukoresha ibikoresho byo murugo. "
Mesh
Igikoresho ni icyuma cyicyuma cyashyizwe muburakari. Ingano ya mesh ihindagurika, nkitegeko, kuva kuri microne 20 kugeza 600 kandi itera ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura. Intanga nkizo zirashobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire, ariko zigomba gukurwaho mugihe cyoroshye kandi zogejwe, urabona, umuntu azasa nkumuntu wifashe nabi. Gusukura Akayunguruzo karakozwe nigishushanyo cyibikoresho muburyo bwacyo. Rero, muburyo bworoshye, ikintu cya mesh gikurwa mumazu (aho flask isenyutse cyangwa yakemuye gride; mugihe ari ngombwa guhuza amazi mugihe gito), hanyuma usukure amazi no koza munsi y'amazi. Inzira zose zisanzwe zifata muminota mike kugeza igice cyisaha, niba, birumvikana ko ufite ibikoresho nkenerwa hafi (kurugero, wrench ikwiye).Niba muyunguruzi yashyizwe kumurongo yombi (ashyushye kandi ukonje), birakenewe ko no kubakwa. Ni kangahe bibaye ngombwa gukora, biterwa n'ubwiza bw'amazi kandi, birumvikana ko biva mu miyoboro y'umuyoboro mu nzu. Ariko, usibye gukora isuku rimwe, ibindi bintu bidahwema igikoresho cyiki gishushanyo ntikizatanga umukoresha.
Muri mesh muyungurura hari kandi ingero zifite disiki yikora. Ibikoresho nkibi byitwa reverse. Ibikoresho byo kwisukura ntibikeneye gusebanya no gukaraba umwanda buri gihe cyogejwe namazi y'amazi, ajya muburyo bunyuranye. Gusukura akayunguruzo, mubikoresho bimwe birahagije kugirango ufungure kanda ya drain hepfo yishyiraho. Igisubizo nigituba nigitonyanga hagati yinjiza no kuvoma, hamwe nikirere, kanda isoko, bimurika kandi bigashyirwa imbere kandi bishyiraho imbere yinyuma yakarere kakazi. Amazi atangira kunyura muri iki gice cyiza cya gride. Hanyuma amazi yuzuye yinjira imbere muri gride, aho turbine yashizwemo, kandi, kugakwirakwiza urujya n'uruza, birukana ibice bya mashini. Nyuma yo gufunga crane ya drane, isoko isubiza gride kumwanya wambere. Inzira yose ifata amasegonda 20. Igiciro cyaya muyunguruzi kuva $ 250 kugeza $ 1000. Igikoresho ni cyiza cyo gukora isuku kubikorwa byakanishi, bikwiranye namazi ashyushye kandi akonje, kandi cartridge yimbere irashobora gukoreshwa imyaka.
Hano hari amahitamo ahendutse ya seriveri ya kimwe cya kabiri (kuva $ 50). Ntabwo bafite sisitemu yo gukaraba, ariko bafite igikapu kidasanzwe, kwemerera buri gihe kugirango bakuremo umwanda wegeranijwe muri sump. Mugihe cyo gukaraba ibikoresho byo kwisukura, ibicucu bigomba kuvugwa mu makarito kugira ngo imyanda yose yogejwe mu muteka. Sobanukirwa nigihe cyo gukaraba akayunguruzo, biroroshye cyane: niba igitutu cyo kurakuza cyaguye, noneho igihe kirageze.
Isoko kandi ritanga icyitegererezo cyo gukaraba hamwe nigitsina gabo, kikakwemerera kumenya urwego rwa filteri. Umuvuduko w'igitutu uhagaze ku bwinjiriro n'ibisohoka mu gikoresho kandi werekane icyo igitutu kiri kuri ubu. Abakora, bafite itegeko, reba flasks igitutu kinini, kandi murupapuro rwamakuru ya tekiniki yibicuruzwa bigomba gutangwa. Kurugero, hari muyungurura gashobora kwihanganira igitutu kuva 16 kugeza 25bar. Muri make filteri nayo ifite ibikoresho nkibintunguri nigitutu bigabanya umuvuduko wamazi kumuryango wumuyoboro wamagorofa. Muri rusange, igitutu cyakazi kumurongo ntigomba kurenza 6bar, ariko rimwe na rimwe hydrororodood bibaho muri sisitemu zacu zoroshye. Batera mugihe gito (cyangwa nibindi byinshi) kwiyongera kumuvuduko mubikoresho byo murugo bitabarwa. Agasanduku kagusomeka kuri osillations bityo agira uruhare mu kwagura ubuzima bwa serivisi bw'isuku.
Ku isoko ry'Uburusiya, muyunguruzi wa Net Tip, Honeywell Braukmann, Herz (Otirishiya), RBM, Tiemme (Ubutaliyani, Syr (Ubudage) n'abandi. Kandi abizewe cyane kandi babitekerezaho, nk'uko abahanga babitangaza, ni ibicuruzwa byakozwe na Honeywell Braukmann.
Ibiranga filges imwe
| Uruganda | Icyitegererezo | Umuvuduko ntarengwa, Bar | Ubushyuhe bw'amazi, hamwe | Ingano y'Akagari, μm | Ibishushanyo mbonera | Igiciro, |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Howaywell Braukmann (Otirishiya) | F74C. | cumi na batanu | mirongo itatu | 50, 100 na 200 na 200 | Kwishyiriraho birashoboka haba kuri vertical kandi itambitse yumuyoboro. | 130-180 |
| F76s. | 25. | Kugeza 70. | 20, 50, 100, 200, 300 na 500 | Ituma kwishyiriraho byikora | 350-900 | |
| FF06. | cumi na gatandatu | Kugeza kuri 40. | 100 | Kwisukura, hamwe na flask yo mu mucyo | mirongo itanu | |
| Bugatti (Otirishiya) | 170. | cumi na gatandatu | Kugeza kuri 150. | 400, 500, 600 | Amazu y'icyuma atishyuye | Bane |
| RBM (Ubutaliyani) | 991. | cumi na gatandatu | Kugeza 100. | 800. | Amazu y'icyuma atishyuye | 7. |
| 989 DN 15. | cumi na gatandatu | Kugeza 100. | 100 | Amazu y'icyuma atishyuye | umunani | |
| Syr (Ubudage) | Drufi logique. | cumi na gatandatu | Kugeza 120. | 95-125 | Ituma kwishyiriraho byikora | 243. |
| Herz (Otirishiya) | 1411142. | cumi na gatandatu | Kugeza 100. | 300. | Kwisukura | cumi n'umunani |
| Amayeri (Ubudage) | Aguanova Compact R. | cumi na gatandatu | Kugeza kuri 30. | 100 | Kwisukura, hamwe nigitutu cyo kugabanya igitutu | 120. |
| Rastelli (Ubutaliyani) | Dn15 | makumyabiri | Kugeza 120. | 400. | Guhuza | 150. |
| Dn20. | makumyabiri | Kugeza 120. | 500. | Guhuza | 200. |
Akayunguruzo
Barasenyuka, mubisanzwe flask ibonerana aho iyungurura (cyangwa karitsiye) yinjijwe. Kugeza ubu, moderi nkiyi yakozwe mubunini butatu: 5, 10 na 20 (nubwo 5-inch ikoreshwa gake). Umubiri wibikoresho ni ubwoko bubiri: umurongo wa slim (unanutse) nubururu bunini (umubyimba). Ingano ya filteri igira ingaruka kumikorere yacyo na Service Serivisi. Kuva hejuru kuri flask hari ibyobo bidasanzwe bigenewe gufatira igikoresho kurukuta ukoresheje imigozi idasanzwe. Ihuriro ryumurongo rigufasha gusuzuma urwego rwo kwanduza karitsiye.Mu bikoresho bya Cartridge birashobora kwerekana filterime. Uburyo bwo kuyungurura muri byo bukozwe mu mutwe wa Kapron cyangwa ashimangiwe nylon. Umugozi wakomerekeje kuri mesh ikadiri ya mesh kimwe no muburyo bworoshye kumurima. Hejuru yumugozi nubucucike bwumuyaga, murwego rwo hejuru rwigikoresho. Amakarito nkaya arekura amazi kuruta mesh moderi, kubera ko ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuyungurura yegereje mikorobe 0,5, ariko ahanini mumagorofa yashyizeho "ubukorikori" (5 cyangwa 10 μm). Ariko, filament cartridge irashobora no gukoreshwa mugihe hari uguhagarikwa cyangwa umucanga mumazi. Igikoresho nikibazo kirahanganye neza. Ubuyacura bukoreshwa mubusanzwe mumazi akonje gusa (ibipimo byubushyuhe bwabo biri hasi kugeza kuri 60) kandi byateguwe kubitutu muri sisitemu kugeza kuri ATM igera kuri 7. Kuva mumazi ashyushye, umugozi wabyimbye kandi wiyongera mubunini, mubisanzwe bigabanya ubushobozi bwogushuka.
Isaba, petero, umubabaro, propylene nibindi bikoresho bya carridge birakwira hose. Moderi zimwe zifite sisitemu yoroshye. Ariko abahanga bemeza ko ibikorwa bisa mubikoresho bya cartridge bidafite akamaro, bityo, mugihe amakarito yamagare yanduye, nibyiza kubisimbuza nindi nshya.
Akayunguruzo karira kariruka hasohotse na USFilter, urufunguzo, Flowmak (USA), Otirishiya), Kurenga (Ubudage), Atlas, TGI (Uburusiya) nibindi.
Mfite nuance imwe: amakarito asimbuye ntabwo buri gihe akwiriye mubunini kumurongo wabakora ibintu bitandukanye. APOTOMA iyo usimbuze cartridge, nibyiza gukoresha ibicuruzwa byikigo cyatanze igikoresho. Mu manza, birashoboka gushiramo cartridge muri "umunyamahanga" kuyungurura, ariko niba wizeye ibikorwa birebire kandi bidafite uburwayi, nibyiza kutabikora.
Ibiranga umukino wa Cartridge
| Uruganda | Icyitegererezo | Ingano ya Syungurura ibice, microns | Ibishushanyo mbonera | Imikorere, l / min | Igiciro, |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amerika Akayunguruzo (USA) | CP5-20VV | Kurenga 1, Kurenga 5, Kurenga 10 | Ibihugu | 38-36 | 10-30 |
| NCP-20BB. | Kurenga 10. | Ibihugu | 9,5-38 | 10-30 | |
| Atlas (Ubutaliyani) | Abakuru Plus. | 0.5-100 | Umucyo | - | cumi na gatandatu |
| "Amazi mashya" (Uburusiya) | Nv-p. | - | Umucyo | - | mirongo itatu |
| Nv-sg | - | Amazu yicyuma | - | 240. | |
| Atoll (USA) | A-11se. | Kurenga 10. | Ibihugu | Kugeza kuri 40. | 44. |
| A-12se h | Kurenga 5. | - | Kugeza kuri 30. | 149. | |
| Pentek (Ubudage) | Pbh-410. | 1-200. | Hamwe no gusohoka umuvuduko wa Mantoer | 56.8. | 216. |
Akayunguruzo
Ibikoresho bigizwe na silinderi yo kuzuza umusenyi (quarz umucanga, granite crumb) no kugenzura. Akayunguruzo k'ubu bwoko ni byinshi byinshi, bidakora, ahubwo ni byinshi kandi bidahendutse. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kazu, amazu yigenga nibindi bintu byinshi bisabwa muri 0.7 M3 / H (kimwe gifunguye cyangwa gifunguye kimwe) kuri 1 M3 / HUGATANDUKANYE, KANDI BYINSHI BIKORESHEJWE BIDASANZWE. Kubikorwa byabikoresho, umuvuduko ukenewe kuruta 2bar, hamwe nigihombo cyo guhomba kuyungurura kigaragara - hafi 0.4bar.Ibikoresho byose byo gusukura amazi yubwoko bwaguye, utitaye ku wabikoze, hafi. Bashobora kuba muyungurura neza (gushyikirana kwa quartz umusenyi) na acide ya acide; imitwe ya cataltique cyangwa umuyoboro wa corosex (biction, filox Idr.).
Akayunguruzo k'ibikoresho by'uyunguruzi muyungurura rimwe na rimwe bigarurwa no guhiga hamwe n'amazi ashingiye ku mazi akorerwa muburyo bwikora. Muri icyo gihe, byegeranijwe muyunguruzi bisohoka mu mashanyarazi. Kwishyiriraho igikoresho nkicyo nikibazo, reka tuvuge neza, bigoye, kandi inzobere yujuje ibyangombwa igomba kubikora.
Akayunguruzo kashyizwe hafi yinjiza. Ariko, nta mpamvu yo kuba ikintu mu buryo butaziguye mu muyoboro wo mu mvugo. Igikoresho kiherereye kuruhande rwumuyoboro uhuza na sisitemu idasanzwe ya hose. Ku isoko ry'Uburusiya, muyunguruzi wa Kinetico, Sisitemu ya Ecourya, Usfilter (USA) n'abandi baratanzwe. Hano hari moderi ifite ubushobozi bwikora. Amakipe yose akoreshwa kuri microproprossor, kandi umunsi umwe gusa kugirango ugaragaze gukomera kw'amazi kandi wongere umunyu wa ubwa kabiri (nanone na micropropsorsor ikimenyetso).
Ibiranga Akayunguruzo
| Uruganda | Icyitegererezo | Imikorere, l / h | Umubumbe watsinzwe, l | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinetico (USA) | ST60 / PF (AG) | 1100. | 20/20 | 1430. |
| ST2000 / PF (ceramic) | 2700. | 28/28 | 3900. | |
| Sisitemu y'ibidukikije (USA) | ETF 2100 PF-10 | 67-1100 | 128-35 | 1000. |
| ETF 2100 PF-12 | 900-1900 | 57. | 1260. | |
| Amerika Akayunguruzo (USA) | 2510 1252 Mme-150 | 1500. | - | 798. |
| 25101450MME-200. | 2000. | - | 1030. | |
| Dolphine (Uburusiya) | UYOV-1 | 1000. | - | - |
Abanditsi barashimiye gahunda ya Rusklim, imiterere-bugatti hamwe nubushakashatsi bwinyenyeri nigikorwa cyumusaruro kugirango bafashe mugutegura ibintu.