Ubwiherero bw'amazi: inleti n'ibikoresho byo guhimba, umurimo wo kwitegura n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusaba hejuru, ubwoko bw'inyanja.
Ifoto Mikhail Stepanova
("IsOflex") ifite urwego rwimbere, rurinzwe na firime ya polymer yakuweho mbere yo gutangira akazi
Ifoto ya Karen Manko
Inzitizi ya Rambrane yashyizwe ahagaragara igomba kuba yaranze bikunze yuzuyemo isekezwa, ubuso bwayo bureba umurongo cyangwa ibindi bikoresho
Ifoto ya Dmitry Minkina
Ifoto Mikhail Stepanova
Ifoto vitaly nefdova
Ifoto vitaly nefdova
Ifoto ya Evgenia Lichina
Kuba amazi, ahora (kandi cyane buri gihe (kandi cyane biramenyerewe) kuboneka muri buri burimunsi ni igice cyingenzi cyo kubaho neza, cyane cyane mugihe cyo gutandukana gutunguranye. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe iyi "soko yubuzima" ishoboye gutera ibibazo byinshi. Kurugero, kumeneka kwatangwamo inzu ya "" ubusa amazi ", nkubwiherero, bwuzuye ibisobanuro byihuse hamwe nabaturanyi kuva hepfo kandi ukishyure indishyi nyinshi zangiritse. Birashobora kuba, utizeye "Avos" Avos, "birumvikana ko uhitamo rimwe no gukora ubwiherero butamezemiwe.
Ingorane y'ibikoresho bya kitoroshye ni ibicuruzwa bigari bikozwe n'abakora mu gihugu no mu gihugu, bifite ibintu amagana. Amazi niyahira aho umwihariko uhabwa akamaro kanini. Birashoboka kongeraho itegeko ryoroshye, ariko ryingenzi: Mbere yuko utangira gukora akazi k'amazi, ni ngombwa gupima neza kandi usuzume ibyateganijwe ku "myanya ya mbere" kugira ngo ifatwa nk'igihe gito n'amafaranga. Ikintu kimwe rero (umwuga wizerwa cyane (burimunsi) Icyitonderwa: Itabi ntabwo ari mbi cyangwa nziza, ni cyangwa hano, cyangwa sibyo. By the way, kwitabira uru rubanza birashobora rimwe na rimwe kuba bitari ngombwa.
Uyu munsi, ubwoko bubiri bwibikoresho byamatanwa bikoreshwa mumagorofa ninzitizi ninzitizi mubwiherero. Ubwoko bwibikoresho byatoranijwe bifitanye isano itaziguye nuburyo bwo gukora.
Ibikoresho bitagira amazi
Amatapi gakondo adasanzwe yakoreshejwe, byumwihariko, mu bwiherero, azungurutse ibikoresho. Byakozwe hashingiwe kuri bitumen polymers (styrene-Butadiene-Styrene) na PolyregLaSyle) kandi bikoreshwa muri polperfess cyangwa ibirahure byashyizwemo) no kwigarurira bigezweho kandi byoroshye gushiraho). Twakagombye kuvugwa ko guhitamo ibikoresho byazunguye kugirango ubone amazi yo mubwiherero gisanzwe ni, nkitegeko, ntabwo bifatwa nkibikwiye. Abimenyereza bazwi ko amazi nkaya ari intandaro kandi araramba, ariko araramba, ariko akora cyane. Bisaba ubuso bwigunga neza: ibitagenda neza bitameze birenga 2mm, shingiro ryumye bivurwa na Bristomes, kandi imyenda nziza cyane. Nibyiza, ibibazo nyamukuru ni impumuro nziza ya bitumen. Ariko niba bikiri icyemezo cyo gukoresha iyi ntarere (by the wan, ubukungu cyane), noneho ibikoresho byo kwizirikaho rwose biragurika.
Abana bangana bafite inyungu nyinshi kubindi bikoresho. Bidatinze kandi byemejwe gusa (gutema), byakosowe muri ako gace, kubera ibyo bikunze gukurwaho, hanyuma, ku ipfundo birashobora kugenda ako kanya nyuma yo kwishyiriraho nta bwoba. Mbere yo kurasa, abahanga basaba kuba hejuru, kubwiyi ntego biroroshye gukoresha "Bitter" Bintuon (Witondere) "Kuva kuri Telenonol na ASOLDUGrg Kuma 3-8 AMASAHA, kandi kandi irangi rifite amazi, rikwiriye gusaba bitandukanye, harimo na beto, ibishingwe.
Hariho ingaruka zimwe zingenzi zubu bwoko bwamatabwo: Ingano ya Inzitizi, yashyizwe ahagaragara, igomba byanze bikunze yuzuyemo amabati cyangwa hejuru yizindi pubre. Ikibazo kivuka gishobora kuba gifitanye isano no gukuraho urwego, kuva mu nzira yo gushyiraho amazi y'amazi, guterwa n'amabati, hasi mu bwiherero azamuka byibuze cm 5. Birakenewe kuzirikana imgonga zifite uburebure bwa cm 2, idatanga amazi kugirango yinjire vuba mubyumba niba umuyoboro ucika cyangwa kwiyuhagira bizarengerwa. Rero, tuzabona "inzitizi" munzira mu bwiherero bufite uburebure bwa 7cm. Niba udashaka gutsitara kuri byo igihe cyose, ugomba kuzamura hasi mubindi byumba byose. Inyungu zinyongera ni ugusuhuza abaturanyi hepfo. Ongeraho ubushobozi bwo guhisha insinga zitandukanye mumitekerereze. Ariko mubihe nkibi, icyemezo gifatirwa kuri buri kibazo cyihariye.
Igihe gisabwa ku isoko ry'Uburusiya by'ibikoresho by'amata mu mazi, Ibicuruzwa by'amasosiyete yo mu rugo "," Plasteks "," Amahanga Schmburg (Ubudage), Irotale (USA), Ingopa Suwede). Ibigereranyo byatumijwe mu mahanga bitandukanijwe n'ubwiza burebure kandi buhamye, ariko birahenze cyane. Kurugero, indangagaciro yakuyeho ibikoresho byo kwifata kuri indangagaciro bifite urwego rutu (1.5mm), rwahinduwe na SBS Polymer, yongereye imbaraga. Byongeye kandi, polyethylene hamwe numurongo udasanzwe ugaragara neza cyemeza ko wiringirwa ingingo zingingo ziri hagati ya canvas. Umuzingo wa 20m2) uzagura 126. Imwe mu iterambere rya nyuma ry'isosiyete "Teknoniukol" ni ibintu byonyine bya bitumen-inzitizi ya polymeric ". Ishingiro ryimigenzo muriyo rikoreshwa choleter yikirahure, zikubiye kumpande zombi na bitumen, yahinduwe na STS (Styrene guhagarika copolymer). Gukoresha ubwoko bwihariye bwa polymers buteza imbere cyane uburyo bworoshye bwibikoresho kandi bwongera ibintu bifatika. Ngwiza "inzitizi" mumyanda ya 15m2 kandi igura inshuro 3 bihendutse kuruta icyitegererezo cy'amahanga - $ 32 kuri buri muzingo.
| Ubwiherero bw'amazi muri beto bukwiranye n'ubushyuhe (indangagaciro) |
| Ubwiherero bw'amazi ku giti cyerekana ibiti (indangagaciro) |
| Igishushanyo cy'igikoresho cyibikoresho mu bwiherero (Kiilto) |
Itara
Mumyitozo yo kubaka igezweho, gusimbuza ibikoresho bya inlet bizanwa no guhiga, kandi uyumunsi ikoreshwa cyane mubyumba bitangwa nibihe. Ibikoresho byo gutura bigizwe nitsinda rinini ririmo ubwoko butandukanye bwibitumu, sima, sima-polymer na polymer na polymer. Urebye ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, gukoresha kimwe cyangwa ubundi buryo bigomba gushimangira cyane - guhitamo ikoranabuhanga nibikoresho bigenwa nibisabwa nibisabwa. Ibice byose byo gupfuka (amazi), "kudashima" (byakoreshejwe hejuru) bitanga umwanya munini wo kuzigama igihe - ingingo ziciriritse yumurimo ubanziriza irangiye.Ibikoresho bizwi cyane byo gutwikira - bituminius (bitumen-rubber na bitumen-polymeric). Bakozwe hashingiwe kuri bitumen yiyongera hamwe na sokomake hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo kuzuza-reberi, plastiader, latex, kongeramo ibice. Ibiranga byihariye bya Bistin Mastika ni uguhindura neza no kongera kurwanya ingaruka zo hanze. Duhereye kubikoresho byuruhererekane, Ingesol na Elastobobits byimpapuro zisosiyete yubutaliyani zirashobora kwitwa (zikoze cyane kandi zishobora gukoreshwa hejuru yubusa), Bil20 / 85 na Dysperfact muri Beckers (Suwede), " Hydromeb "Ibigo by'Uburusiya" Riccardi - Kubaka "na" Grid ", Bitumast Gidrolitex Mbg kuva itUmiast (Uburusiya). Ariko, bigomba kwizirikana ko kugirango ubone inyama zihemu zihebuje zitarimo amazi yo gukoresha ibintu nkibi, birakenewe. Iri tumanaho ntirishobora kuba ikirenga: umubano wicyitwa Fresh Ryaza akenshi uhabwa ibice bigabanuka, bityo birumvikana cyane cyane kugirango wongere polypropylene gushimangira fibre. Yongera imbaraga no kurwanywa kuri Awasion ya beto, ya sima, igabanya amahirwe yo guca.
Indwara ya Cobmatic nayo ikubiyemo sima-polymer mastic. Biteguye kuva mu ruvange rwumye rwa sima kandi zikaba zitera amazi, elulion idasanzwe ya binder cyangwa gutanyagura polymers cyangwa gutanyagura polymers (acrylic, sinicone cyangwa vinyl). Ndashimira ibice bya sima, ibi bice bifite ubushishozi bwiza kuri shingiro, kandi gushushanya inyongeramuzi zibafasha gukora neza ntabwo ari hejuru gusa. Polymer ihambiriye ibice byinjira hejuru ya pore yibanze kandi ikayifunga cyane. Ubunini bwa later yo gutwita ni bito - 1-3mm. Kmaterial yubu bwoko ikubiyemo kwigunga kwa "Akvasyl" kuva Ozss (Uburusiya), Ayapin-2K kuva Schmburg (Ubudage), Thoroseal AB, Barralastik yakozwe na HEMELERNGE. Muri konti nziza, elastike ebyiri-ibice bibiri bya osmolastike na osmoflex kuva indangagaciro. Babonetse bavanga muburyo bumwe bwo guhagarikwa na latex. Vitoga ihindura ibintu bisa neza. Gusabwa kuvangwa (byashyizwe mubice bibiri hamwe na spatula) kugirango ubwiherero busanzwe bwinjire ni 3kg kuri 1m2. Barashobora gukoreshwa nkigitambaro cyamasoko muri douche, kimwe nogutera igorofa, bahanganye no gufungura kuri base kugeza 2mm.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byinshi byerekana igice kimwe cya sima zivanze mu mazi kuvanga "Glims-Inkunga y'amazi" y'isosiyete "umusaruro wa Glims". Ibikoresho bifite ubushishozi bwiza kubintu byose bisosu kandi bitandukanijwe no kurwanya amazi. Birasa cyane nimwe mubiranga "Glims-marcoptop" - amazi meza ahangana nigitutu cyubworozi bufite uburebure bwa 70m. Kwitegura akazi hamwe no kuvanga (ariko, gukorana nayo) biraryoroshye: ifu ya sima ivanze mu bipimo byashyizweho n'amazi, bivanga neza inshuro nyinshi, nyuma bikoreshwa mu bice byinshi kugeza hejuru.
Ibikoresho ku bikoresho bya sima, ibikoresho byo mu Butaliyani Sordool mu Burusiya. Igiteranyo Cyane Cyane Cyari Igitaramo kimwe kivanze mu mazi ya Elastoce Mono, igizwe na sino ya Portland Iyo uvanze n'amazi, imvange ihinduka misa ya plastiki, ishobora gukoreshwa haba kuri horizontal na hortical hejuru yubutaka bugera kuri mm 2 batazamutse. Molastocem Mono atandukanijwe na elastique yo hejuru no gusohora neza kuri sima na shingiro rya beto.
Neza zashyizweho polymer polymer itagira amazi yo gutanga amazi yo murugo no mumahanga. Rero, Saniflex kuva Schmburg ntabwo irimo ibishishwa kandi agamije gukoreshwa mubyumba byoroheje n'ubwiherero. Misa yo kwigana kuri kimwe cyangwa bibiri (ubunini bwa coutm bugomba kuba byibuze 3-4m) hejuru ya serling kandi nyuma yo gukama byihuse (amasaha 5-6) ahinduka amazi meza, ariko yohereza firime yubukorikori. Ihuriro n'inkuta birasabwa kunywa itabi hamwe n'igituba. Igomba kwitondera ko niba mu bwiherero bukurikira buteganijwe igikoresho gishyushye, noneho Saniflex ntagomba gusaba.
Polymer Mastike ku isoko ry'Uburusiya nazo ni yo sosiyete ya Finilande Kiilto na Opdiiroc, igitero cy'Ubutaliyani LitOtol (Hidroflex Masty). Kuva kumurongo wose wa Kiilto, igice-kimwe Keragum Polymer Malymer, yakozwe hashingiwe kuri CBR-Polymer (Rubber kuva kuri Copolymer, Buberiene na Styrene na Styrene), ni ibyumba byubushuhe. Byakagombye kuvugwa ko sisitemu yo kwishyuza irimo kaseti. Ibigize ibigize ibihimbano bigarukira hagati y'ibice byayo (mu mfuruka n'imodoka) kandi byongerera amazi. Avot inzobere muri Ophiroc zitanga ibigo byinshi hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye. "Amatara" ni mastike ashingiye ku gutanya kw'ibimenyetso bya sintetike. Bikoreshwa kuri brush cyangwa roller mubyiciro bibiri ku buso bwumutse (ubushyuhe 15-30C), hanyuma buhuza na spatula ibuza. Gukubita ishingiro rya mastike birakwiriye inzara, umubano, ibibatsi. Iyo igipimo cyambere cyimisoro gituje, canvas yimyenda ishimangira "ishaje" yashyizwe kuri yo (hamwe na margin muri 50cm). Cyane cyane bitunganyirizwa inyuma yimiyoboro y'amazi, imiyoboro, inguni n'ingingo. Ingingo zamazi zishimangirwa ningingo ya kabiri.
Ibikoresho by'amazi
| Uruganda | Ibikoresho | Ubwoko bwibintu | Umwihariko, kg / dm3 | Gukoresha, kg / m2 | Gupakira | Igiciro 1kg, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ironderero (Ubutaliyani) | Ingesol | Bitumininous polymer mastic | - | imwe | Banki y'ibyuma 10 na 20kg | 2,2 |
| Osmolastic | Sima-polymer ebyiri-ibice bya mastique | 1.65 | 1,6 | Kraft Bag 15Kg, Canister 5Kg | 2.7 | |
| Schmburg (Ubudage) | Aquafin-2k. | Sima-polymer ebyiri-ibice bya mastique | 1,3 | 3.5-4.5 | Umufuka wa 6 na 25 Kg, Indobo 2 na 8,33l | 1.5 |
| LitOtol (Ubutaliyani) | Elastocem Mono. | Cement ivanze | - | 3.2 (hamwe na landness 2mm) | Umufuka 20kg | 2,3. |
| Hidroflex. | Polymer Mastic | 1,3 | 1.3 (hamwe na laprick yubunini bwa 1mm) | Indobo 2, 8, 18 na 24Kg | 5.3 | |
| Kiilto (Finlande) | Keragum. | Polymer Mastic | 1,4. | 0.7-1 | Banki 1, 5, 10 na 15L | 7.7 |
| Optiroc (Finlande) | "Amatara ashaje" | Polymer Mastic | 1,1 | 0.7-0.9 (ku rukuta); 1-1.2 (hasi) | Banki 5 na 10l | 7,2 |
| Inyubako-inyubako, grid (Uburusiya) | "Hydromeb" | Bitumininous polymer mastic | 1,2 | 0.25-0.3 | Indobo 5kg | 1,6 |
| "Glims-Prosakshn" (Uburusiya) | "Glims-martictop" | Cement ivanze | - | 3-4 | Umufuka 20kg | 0.8. |
Ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga
Gutegura ishingiro . Ikintu cyingenzi kimwe muburyo bwiza bwo gutanga amazi kuruta ibigize igisubizo kibuza ni ukubahiriza ikoranabuhanga ryayo. Imbere ihinduka kuva shingiro, ibimenyetso byamavuta, irangi nibindi bintu bikubyutse biyongera neza. Urwego rwifuzwa rwubuso buva mu mukungugu rushobora kugerwaho hamwe nubufasha bwa vacuum yo murugo. Mbere yo gukoresha amazi manda, ishingiro ryateguwe riratunganywa (ryujujwe cyangwa kuva ku buryo) na primer (primer). Icy'ingenzi ntigikwiye kwibeshya mu guhitamo, kubera ko ibyingenzi bikoreshwa mu buhanzi no gukuramo ububi butandukanye muri kamere yabo ya fiziki, bityo, akazi kabi ". Ibidashishwa bya base kugeza 2mm biremewe. Kuba hariho kubirangiza (ndetse na bito). Guhuza amashanyarazi (kuva sima-umucanga, gypsum, ibisubizo byumye) bigomba gushyirwaho hamwe nubugari bwimirire 2-3M kubuyobozi buyobora amatara. Ubuso bwa porous (imisatsi ya sima, plaster, betrete it.d.), mbere yo gushyira mu bikorwa sima-polymeric ibikoresho-ibikoresho byoroheje hamwe namazi meza cyangwa sponge. Ibi bizarinda gukama byihuse kugirango igisubizo kibonere.
Ahantu hakomeye hatuwe hejuru ya horizontal na hormatique - imbere yigikoresho cyamazi, cyangwa imisumbe, imisumari ikomeza ibipimo, "cyangwa imisumari ikomeza ku ngambo." icyuho hagati y'urukuta hasi, no gukoresha amazi ya caustic. Igomba kandi kwitondera ko niba ejo hazaza uteganya guha ibikoresho ashyushye mubwiherero, nibyiza gukoresha ibikoresho byo gutwikira bikora ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru (urugero, nka bingerdamu ukomoka muri Alchimica (Ubugereki) cyangwa elastobit Kuva kuri Endex). Abahanga benshi basaba muri uru rubanza kugira ngo bakoreshe mu mazi yo mu mazi hejuru ya sction ya miselation, munsi ya lue layer kugira ngo bahite arinda umugozi wa kabiri, na misila.
Gutegura kuvanga . Ibiryo bya biruminius na polymeric byakozwe biteguye gukoreshwa. Ibikoresho bya Avot kurutonde rwa sima ntirwatangwa muburyo bwivanze. Bubility hamwe namazi akenewe yamazi meza (buri gihimba gifite umubare wacyo) uvanze hamwe nisuku ryumye kandi zivanze cyane hamwe na kazzle idasanzwe) kugeza manini ya acfacle idafite ibibyimba . Igisubizo gikozwe kugirango gikure muminota 3-5 kandi twongeye gukangurwa, nyuma bifatwa ko biteguye gukoreshwa. Ubushyuhe bwamazi bwiza ni 15-20. Kuzenguruka igisubizo ni gito (amasaha ya 0.7-1.5), birakenewe rero gukuramo imvange mumafaranga make hanyuma uhitemo ako kanya.
Gushyira mu bikorwa amazi . Akora ku gikoresho cyo ku gikoresho cyo "kigomba gukorwa ku bushyuhe bwiza cyane n'ubuso bw'ubuso butarenze + 15c n'umwuka mu cyumba bitarenze isaha imwe kuri Nibura iminsi 2 mbere yintangiriro nigihe nyuma yimirimo irangiye "(snip3.04.01-87). Amazi meza akoreshwa kuri shingiro hamwe na brush, roller cyangwa spatula. Igihe cyumye no gukomera kwimiterere biterwa nubwinshi bwurwego, hamwe nubushyuhe nubushuhe mucyumba. Mbere yo gukora cyangwa gutondekanya igorofa yo kurangiza, ubushuhe bwo gutanga amazi bigomba gukurikiranwa no kugereranywa no kwemerwa nubu bwoko bwibikoresho.
Ikoranabuhanga ritabora:
| Kuvura hejuru hamwe nibigize primer. |
| Amazi y'ibanze; |
| Kumesa n'amabati no gushyirwaho ikimenyetso |
Inyanja
Ibibazo byo gushyirwaho kashe, kashe no gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cyingingo zitandukanye (urugero, mugihe ushyiraho amazi) byateguwe kugirango bikemure inyanja ya silicone na Polyurethane. Haracyari imbaga ya acrylic, ariko kubera gusaza vuba mu bwiherero, ntibisabwa. Guhungabana no kwishyura indishyi zo kugenda, ibihangano bya silicone birashoboka ko ari byiza. Nk'itegeko, abadozi b'isuku bakoreshwa mu bwiherero n'ubwiherero, usibye silicone ubwayo, birimo bike (5-10%) umubare wibikoresho byombi hamwe na fungicide ikumira imiterere yumuburayi. Ibi bikoresho bitandukanijwe na elastique nziza (kurambura mugihe umenaguwe 1000%), umutsima mwiza mubiso-bitandukanye, kurwanya ubushuhe, imbaraga no kuramba.
Inyanja (Silicone harimo) itandukanijwe nuburyo bwo gukiza hamwe nibikubiyemo byuzuye (mubisanzwe byuzuza byuzuye, nibyiza). Inyanja ya Acide irahendutse kandi ihendutse (hafi $ 2 kuri karitsiye 10 hamwe nubushobozi bwa ml 310) kandi birumvikana, abari bahagarariwe cyane ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu. Ibimenyetso byabo mumasosiyete menshi birimo inyuguti yikilatini A (Eng. Acide). Iyo ikize, ubu bwoko bwibibanza bihuza umubare wa ACETIC mu kirere (2-4% ya misa yose), ku buryo runaka bugabanya urugero rwabo. Ntibagomba guhura nubuyobozi, umuringa, umuringa na zinc, kuko aside icetike itera kwangirika kuri ibyo byuma. Na none, aside acide ntabwo ikoreshwa mugihe ikorana na marble na ceveme irimo ibikoresho bifite aho bigeraho alkaline kandi birashobora kubyitwaramo na acide ya acetic. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibiyobyabwenge nk'ibi, birakenewe ku guhumeka.
Kuzamura ubusa kudoda bitandukanijwe na ketoxime cyangwa inzoga. Birakwiriye kubyingenzi byose nta kurobanye, harimo na marimari nibikoresho bya sima, ariko birahenze - kuva $ 5-6 kuri karitsiye 1. Kumenyekanisha ibyo bihimbano ni inyuguti yikilatini n (Icyongereza kutabogama-kutabogama).
Isoko ry'Uburusiya ritanga ibicuruzwa by'ibigo byombi byo mu ngo ndetse n'amahanga. Muri bo "plovetonit", "stroyervitgerMeger", Musudeal (Ubufaransa) n'abandi.
Abanditsi bashimira cyane "guhuza ibigo", Tenoniukol, "Glims-Prosakshn", kimwe no guhagararira Opweiroc, Schmburg na Kiilto kugirango bafashe mugutegura ibikoresho.