Ubwoko bwimiyoboro yo gushyushya, ubukonje n'amazi ashyushye. Ibikoresho, ibisobanuro, guhuza ibintu kugirango ukoresha.
Yatemye umuyoboro "imikasi";
Guhuza impeta ya Crimp;
kwagura umuyoboro hamwe n "" amatiku "adasanzwe;
G-Shyiramo bikwiye. Umuyoboro wenyine cyane
1- Pn 25 hamwe na huminum ibangamira kwirinda guhagarika ogisijeni;
2- Pn 20 hamwe nurukuta rwuzuye 3,4mm;
3- Pn 10 hamwe nurukuta rwurukuta rwa 2.2mm
1- INGLE 90;
2- INGLE 45;
3-IDDD YEREKANA;
4- impanuka yo kwimbere imbere no hanze;
5-Tee;
Umusaraba;
7- Kwishura Ubushyuhe bwo Kuramba "Omega";
8-Igice cyikigo cyabonetse muburyo bwo gusudira ubushyuhe. Ibice bibiri byabaye umwe
1- Urukuta;
2-Amacomeka;
3-Inguni zo kuzamuka kurukuta;
4- valve;
5- curfroorcav
Kuva Aquatrym:
Umuyoboro hamwe na firetic yashizwemo na "Icyuma cyo kugurisha" gifite ishingiro ryagaciro kuri buri bunini bwumuyoboro;
B- guhuza ibisobanuro;
Urugo rwanditswe;
G-Fisitemu
1- Kanda umuringa ukwiye;
2 Icyuma;
3- umuyoboro;
4-Galvanic itandukanijwe;
5- Impeta
Umurongo wa Radiator hamwe na Pipes Unipie Unipie;
B-gustenings kumiyoboro mumagorofa ashyushye;
Inteko y'Inteko;
G- akusanya wiring ukoresheje imiyoboro ya re-
1-Gutandukanya Galvanic;
Ikidodo rusange.
3- Impeta ya Crimping;
4- gutunganya ibinyomoro
1-kurwanya Polyethylene ultraviolet;
2- Umuyoboro wa Aluminium, impande zasudikurwa na laser jack;
3- kwanduza polyilene
Imashini y'abanyamakuru, ikora kuri bateri, no mu nsanganyamatsiko;
B- Cringping pliers kumiyoboro kuva 16 kugeza 32mm
Kumenyekanisha amazi akonje (pnte);
Kumena imiyoboro muri sisitemu yo gushyushya;
Mu mpinduka kuva ku miyoboro y'umuringa ku cyuma;
M- Icyuma-Polymer Pipes (gushyushya na Gvs) wongeyeho pp-pie (hpw)
Kugirango umenye imiterere nziza mubatuye, gusa mugutanga imiyoboro y'amazi akonje namazi kandi, birumvikana ko gushyushya. Isoko ritanga amahitamo manini, buri kimwe cyacyo kibangamiwe mubyiza byombi nibibi. Ihute mugihe uhisemo- guteza ibibazo bikomeye ntabwo ari wowe wenyine, ahubwo nabaturanyi. Nigute wakwirinda ibi?
Imiyoboro hamwe na ... umutwe
Hamwe nijambo "imiyoboro" mumutwe wigeze agirana nubwubatsi cyangwa gusana, nkuko bibabaza hashize imyaka mirongo itatu, ubu birababaza ubungubu. Gusa urugero rwimbuto rwiyongereye. N'ubundi kandi, imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu gutanga amazi akonje kandi ashyushye, imyanda, kuhira kandi, birumvikana ko gushyushya. Noneho muri iyi sisitemu, ntabwo arimwe cyangwa bibiri, nka mbere, na icumi nibindi. Impamvu yo kubaha umutwe hashize imyaka mirongo itatu yari itandukanye. Ikibazo cyo guhitamo noneho mbere yuko umuguzi atahagaze kubwimpamvu ebyiri. Ubwa mbere, gusa imiyoboro ya stilish yakozwe. Impamvu ya kabiri niyidegeje kugirango igure bidashoboka. Imiyoboro, iyo baganiriye, barabibonye. Nk'impongo ya yagel. Ibinono. Kuva munsi y'urubura. Kubwibyo, umutware muri izo myaka yizika yari afite byinshi mubibazo "Nigute?" Na "AHO?", Ariko ariko ntabwo biva ku kibazo "Niki?".Ariko ibihe byahindutse. Ntabwo ari ngombwa kubona ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose, birakwiye gusa kujya ku isoko ryegereye cyangwa mububiko bunini, kugurisha imiyoboro, no kugura ... ibintu byose ubugingo bwawe. Ariko, bidasanzwe bihagije, umuyobozi wumuguzi nubu, hamwe nijambo "tube" arababaza. (Abaje kurekura ikibazo cyo guhitamo bizemeza ukuri kw'aya magambo, kimwe ntiwahuye nazo ... yego, bafite amahirwe menshi!) Ariko uyu mutwe umaze igihe urababara none kubera iki kibazo "Niki? ". Niki mubyukuri guhitamo kuva mumiyoboro myinshi, itanga isoko rya kijyambere? Kandi ingingo ntabwo ihagaze. Ugomba guhitamo kugirango utazicuza nyuma, cyangwa abaturanyi baba mumagorofa akurikira.
Kuzirikana uko byose: Kurwanya kwangwa kandi birashoboka ko yatemba (harimo guhuza), amahirwe yo kumeneka kubera igitutu nimyitwarire yihutirwa ya sisitemu ya sisitemu yihutirwa ya sisitemu yo guhagarika gahunda. n'ibindi Ni ikak ibi byose ntabwo uzirikana niba ubuzima bwa serivisi bwa sisitemu yashizwe muburyo butaziguye ku miterere yumuyoboro?
Kugira ngo ugaragaze neza, impamvu ya "migraine" yavuzwe, yiruka, itigeze ijya mu buryo bwa tekiniki, dutondekanya ubwoko bw'imiyoboro umuguzi azahura. Mubisanzwe, barashobora kwigabanyamo amatsinda atatu manini: icyuma, polymer nicyuma-polymer.
Imiyoboro y'icyuma
Inyungu zabo muri rusange ni imbaraga nyinshi (ibyuma ni icyuma) kandi, byerekana imvugo yinzobere, "Reba kuri Oxygere" (kubyerekeye icyo aricyo, tuzabwira igice gito iyo duhindukiriye imiyoboro ya polymer).
Ibyuma. Ibi, urashobora kuvuga ibicuruzwa bimenyereye abantu kuva muzima kuva mu bwana, kubera ko aribo mumyaka myinshi aribwo ibintu nyamukuru byambere kuri sisitemu yimigambi itandukanye. Ibyiza nyamukuru nimbaraga nyinshi, kuboneka (ku isoko batanga ibirenze icumi byo mu rugo) no kuhendutse. Kuri 1Pog. Kuri 1. Kuri 1Pog, pir 202mm). Ibibi nyamukuru biragoye ko guterana no kubura uburinzi bwo kurwanya ruswa imbere ndetse no hanze. Ingaruka - umwanda (Amazi), yamenetse, kwigana diameter yimbere nibindi "igikundiro". Imiyoboro y'ibyuma, Nk'uko Snipham abitangaza, bigomba guhinduka rimwe mu myaka 25. Dukurikije imibare yimiryango ikora, batangira kurimba no kumeneka mumyaka itanu cyangwa itandatu.
Ivot iri hano kandi igomba kwibukwa kubyerekeye ikiguzi gito. Irashaka. Gusa ubanza kureba igiciro cyimiyoboro yicyuma gishobora gusa nkigitawe. Bakura inshuro nyinshi muburyo bwo gutanga, kwishyiriraho no kubungabunga nyuma. Gusa imyaka itanu yambere sisitemu yo gushyushya ibyuma yicyuma ntabwo isaba amafaranga yibiciro. Nyuma yiki gihe, ikiguzi cyo gusana buri gihe cyiyongera muri geometrike mugihe cyo guta agaciro (imyaka 4), ukurikije imiryango 10), ukurikije imiryango ikora, bimaze kuba 20% kumwaka. Ato isobanura ko kubuzima bwose bwo gusana bumaze kumara 150-300% bya sisitemu.
Ku iteraniro ryimiyoboro yicyuma, gusudira (gusudira gazi cyangwa gusudira amashanyarazi) bikoreshwa, kimwe nibisanzwe bihuza byimazeyo hamwe na kashe (ipaki, ipaki).
Ibyuma bya sulvanize Ngwino utarahenze "umukara" - kuva kuri 80. Kuri 1pog.m Imiyoboro 202mm. Byari bo bagiriwe inama yo gukurikiza imisozi yo mu rugo mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho sisitemu yamazi akonje na gishyushye kugirango baburirwe na "umukara". Bakorera Lon igihe kirekire kuruta ibisanzwe, ariko, ishyano, gato. Impamvu iroroshye: Mugihe ukoresheje electrode isanzwe muri zone yo gusudira (kandi itayitayeho itayizimye) ihinduka gusa- umuyoboro wicyuma udakingiwe. Hariho, ukuri, electrode idasanzwe, ariko ntibishoboka ko ubashakira kugurisha. Hariho ikindi kibazo cyihishe: mugihe cyo gusudira, ibintu bitangaje bitandukanijwe, kandi urumuri rwisumba rwanze gukorana na "galvanike". Byongeye kandi, gushiraho ibitsina galvanic imbere yibyuma bidahuze birashoboka.
Imiyoboro yimibereho ifitanye isano nibice bibiri bikunze kugaragara kubijyanye no gukoresha muri sisitemu yo gushyushya. Imyumvire itari yo yerekeye ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imiyoboro ya gaze muri sisitemu yagenwe. Kora ibi ntibishoboka gukora ibi. Impamvu irazwi kandi yerekanwe mu gitabo cya Chimie ku cyiciro cya karindwi: Mu bikorwa by'ubushyuhe biranga ubushyuhe, Zn + H2o = zno + h2 ibaho. Muri make, urwego rwa zinc rwasenyutse, kandi hydrogen irungu mu miyoboro, sisitemu ibangamira sisitemu isanzwe. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, muri 90-HGG. Kubwimpamvu runaka, bahita babibyibagiwe kandi muburyo bunini bwatangiye gukoresha imiyoboro irinzwe na zinc muri sisitemu yo gushyushya (igitekerezo cyo gushyira imiyoboro, irwanya cyane ruswa, muri rusange, byumvikana). Sisitemu iracyafite "gaze", kandi irashobora kubafasha rwose ... neza, usibye Autogen. Uburyo bwigihe gito bwo kwishyiriraho gaze ya gaze kuri buri mucyo.
Dukurikije ibihome bya kabiri, imiyoboro ya galvanize iruta "umukara", yitwara muri sisitemu yo gushyushya yuzuyemo antiforeze yo murugo. Ibibera muri imiyoboro ya gasohotse hamwe na roycol glycol (ni ishingiro rya coolants nyinshi zitari zikonje), ntituzasobanura ko ingaruka zayo zirimo gusenya ibintu. Abakora bantifreeze baramenyekanye kumugaragaro ndetse bagaragaza kubuza kuri label.
Imiyoboro y'ibyuma. Icyo navuga, igitekerezo cyo gusaba kurambika imiyoboro yo murugo hafi ibyuma bidasubirwaho birashobora kwemezwa gusa. Ikrasivo (tekinoroji yo hejuru), kandi yizewe. Ariko igiciro cyitwa, kurumwa: Ubutaka bwatumijwe mu mahanga (indorerwamo) umuyoboro ukozwe na ibyuma birimo ibyuma bikozwe hagati ya 08x18h10) ubunini bwa mm 180. Kuri 1 p. m, umuyoboro wo murugo usuzumye ibyuma 12x18n10t mubunini 19,12mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmfasha gutwara rub 200. 1Pog.m. (Kubibara byoroshye, birashoboka gufata umwanzuro ko umuyoboro wo murugo uzatwara byinshi.) Niba ibi byongereye ibiciro byinshi byo kwinjizamo, bigaragazwa impamvu imiyoboro minini idakoresha hamwe nibisabwa byinshi.
Imiyoboro y'umuringa. Ni beza cyane. Iprie ibi biracyari byizewe kandi biraramba (bisaba amafaranga 180. Kuri 1pog. Himura imiyoboro 221.5mm). Kubaguzi bo murugo, gukoresha imiyoboro y'umuringa muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi no gushyushya ni shyashya. Yatunganijwe mu bihugu byateye imbere mu burengerazuba - haracyari imiyoboro myinshi y'umuringa ndetse n'imyaka amagana.
Ibisabwa bitandukanye kuri sisitemu ya tekiniki na tekiniki, umuringa asubiza neza neza. Hano nubushobozi bwo guhangana nubushyuhe ubwo aribwo bwose muri sisitemu yo gushyushya kandi dhw, no kurwanya kwangirika kwamazi ya robine (bitumvikana, kuri chlorine na ozoviolet. Birakwiye cyane cyane kumenya plastike ndende yibikoresho bidasobanukiwe gusa kubahiriza guhindura imiterere, ahubwo nubushobozi budacika intege kubushyuhe bubi. Ibi, ukurikije inzobere, zemerera imiyoboro kugirango ihangane nigihe kimwe cyo gukonjesha, kandi nibisanzwe bitanga ibyangiritse byibuze. Amaherezo yose hamwe (igihe kirekire (imyaka 50-100) igihe cyo kubazwa ibibazo gitanga imiyoboro yumuringa.
Ariko hariho ibibi byabo kuva kuri umuringa. Ntigomba gukoreshwa muri sisitemu ifite amazi menshi (urwego rusabwa PH kuva kuri 6.5 kugeza 9.5), igitero gifite umubare munini wakabuye (amazi meza ava mu mazi meza (kuri Urugero, mukarere kakarere rwakarere), bitera kwambara vuba. Kwishyiriraho imiyoboro bisaba impamyabumenyi ndende yo gukora no kwisukurwa mu modoka y'imbere, irashobora gutuma kurimbuka k'umuyoboro gusa kubera ko itemba ry'ubukonje riterwa (urugero rw'inzuki ziyongera muri zone, n'umuringa, nk'uko bimaze kuvugwa, ntibikunda).
Classic kandi yizewe cyane ifatwa nkikigereranyo cy'umuringa ukoresheje ubushyuhe bwo hejuru-ubushyuhe bwa capillary. Ariko, vuba aha, ibice ukoresheje imbuga za Tredod hanyuma ukande byatangiye kwiyongera.
Ibipimo bivuga iki
Byasaga nkaho ari umuyoboro nuburyo bwo gukoresha, birahagije kugirango gusa, birakenewe gusa gusoma kunyerera no gutembera neza. Ariko ntabwo byari bihari! Ibibazo byo gusaba muriyi nyandiko, birababaje, ntabwo bitwikiriye neza.
Niba uvuze ko wanduye II-30-76 "Gutanga Amazi Yimbere na Siwage Sisitemu", hanyuma mu gika cya 4.1 no kumugereka No 3, bigaragazwa: polyethylene (pvp), kubiciro byamazi na polyethylene (PNP), vinylplast na polyvinyl chloride (PVC). IVA! Nta bundi bwoko bw'imiyoboro. 5.04.01-85 Nyuma, igika cya 4.1 hafi ya 4.1 hagenzurwa neza, ni ukumenyekana rwose, ni ukumenyekana ko amagambo yose yibikombe yabuze, bityo ibyifuzo bifatika.
Ku ntangiriro ya 90. Xxv. Isoko ryacu ryuzuye imiyoboro yumusaruro wamahanga mubikoresho bitandukanye bya polymeric. "Imibiri y'abadepite" yashubije iki kintu mu gutangiza impinduka No 2 (1996) muri snipped 02.04.01-85 *. Ubu 10.1 Bishyizwe hanze kuburyo bukurikira: "Imiyoboro ya plastike hamwe nibicuruzwa bya plastike bikozwe muri polyidelene, polyvinyle, polyityle-polyviny, muri fibreglass nibindi bikoresho bya plastike, polyethylene nibindi Ibikoresho bya plastike ku miyoboro yo gutanga amazi. Muyandi magambo, abashinzwe urutonde rwubwoko buhari bwimiyoboro mubikoresho bya polymeric, bitanga abaguzi uburenganzira bwo gutanga inama, umuyoboro n'aho wasaba. Muri rusange ... Kora icyo ushaka. Hagati aho, isoko ry'umusasu yakomeje gukura, kandi ikibazo cyo gukenera gutanga inyandiko zerekanwa byose byari bikaze, bategereje ko abaguzi ndetse n'ababikora ubwabo. Ion amaherezo yasohotse. Irashobora kugenda r 5214-2003 "imiyoboro y'igitutu cy'abakora thorhostike kandi ihuza ibice kugirango itange amazi no gushyushya." Menno yarimo imiyoboro iva mubice bikurikira: polyethylene, chlolvinyle, polipropylene na copolymers yayo, idoda polyilene, chlowinated pollodide, Polybutene.
Ishyiraho amashuri mashya yibanze ryibikorwa: Gutanga amazi ashyushye ku bushyuhe bwa 60c, amazi ashyushye ku bushyuhe bwa 70, imirasire y'amaharakubiri, imigezi yo hasi, ubushyuhe buke bwo gushyuha ". Muri icyo gihe, buri cyiciro cyibikorwa bigenwa nubushyuhe (gukora, ntarengwa kandi byihutirwa) nigihe cyingirakamaro mugihe cyubuzima rusange - ugomba kuba byibuze imyaka 50 (0.6; 0.6 cyangwa 1MPA). Ukurikije ibi bihe, inzobere kandi ubare ibipimo bikenewe byimiyoboro.
Turatekereza ko bidakenewe gutanga ibisobanuro kubimaze igihe kinini, bigenewe cyane cyane kuba uwakoze ibishushanyo (nubwo bidashoboka kwemeza ko no kuba uwashushanyijeho kubara ni ntabwo ari amakosa muguhitamo ibipimo n'ibikoresho). Umuguzi witonze - kuri twe hamwe nawe, nkimyaka 30 ishize, ntamuntu numwe utekereza.
Polymer Pipes
Ku isoko rya kijyambere, icyifuzo cyiyi miyoboro gihora gikura. Iyi mico ihoraho ifitanye isano ninyungu zidasanzwe zitanga ibikoresho bya polemeroc:
Kurwanya kwangirika (polymers ntabwo ashoboye kwinjiza reaction) no kurwanya ingaruka zibikoresho byinshi.
Nta kubitsa ku rukuta.
Igihombo gito gikubaho guterana kubera uburemere buto bwubuso bwimbere.
Ububiko buke bwo mu bushyuhe.
Misa nto.
Ibikorwa byumutungo uzerera ntibitinya (mumiyoboro y'icyuma, aya matsiko, nk'itegeko, bitera ibisigazwa bya electrochemike).
Ariko, ntabwo ari ngombwa gutekereza ko imiyoboro ya polymer ifite ibyiza bimwe gusa. Ibibi nabyo bifite:
Imiyoboro (yerekana ururimi rwinzobere) ogisijeni-iragaragara. Muyandi magambo, ogisijeni yarimo mu kirere, nubwo gake mu buryo buke, ikwirakwizwa ku rukuta rw'imiyoboro kandi igwa mu mazi atemba. Niba turimo kuvuga amazi ashyushye cyangwa akonje tuza kuri crane, ntushobora kwitondera ogisijeni muri yo. Ariko niba ari urujya n'uruza rwa colant (amazi, antifreeze), hanyuma ogisijeni yinjira muri rusange izahagarika rwose cyangwa gushyushya ibikoresho cyangwa imitsi.
Kudashira mu buryo butaziguye izuba.
Ukurikije umutwaro nigihe, gutakaza imbaraga.
Ntibikurikizwa muri sisitemu yo kurwanya umuriro.
Kuri buri bwoko bwa polymer, ibikoresho bidasanzwe no gusudira birasabwa.
Imiyoboro igomba kurindwa kwangirika kubwimpanuka (harimo ... gutera imbeba).
Isoko rya kijyambere ritanga imiyoboro ya polymer mubikoresho bikurikira: polyethylene, idoda polyilene, polypropylene, PolyBene, PolyButene, chlolvinyle na fiberglass.
Polyethylene (re cyangwa pe). Imiyoboro igenewe imiyoboro yo hanze no mu gihugu (gutanga amazi, imyanda, imiyoboro). Inganda zitanga ubwoko bubiri bwa polyethylene: igitutu kinini pvd (cyangwa ubucucike bwa pnp-polyethylene) hamwe nigitutu gito pn (cyangwa pvp-polyethylene ubucucike bwinshi). Wibuke ko aya mazina (kandi, birumvikana, ibimenyetso) akenshi bitandukanya umuguzi. N'ubundi kandi, ntibikurikira rwose umuyoboro mwinshi wa polyethylene (PVD) bigomba gukoreshwa mu gutanga amazi yumuvuduko, kandi igitutu gito cya polyethylene (PND) - kubidakoreshwa. Ni ngombwa gukoresha iyi miyoboro hejuru, kubera ko izina ryerekana ikoranabuhanga rikora ibikoresho fatizo kuri bo, ariko ntabwo byashyizweho. Muri icyo gihe, imiyoboro ya PVD ifite imbaraga nke cyane kuruta kuri pnd, niko inkuta zabyibushye na misa, nibindi byinshi. By the way, urukuta runini rutanga PVD umuyoboro wa PVD: barushaho gukurura urusaku rwibidukikije bitwawe.
Imiyoboro ya polyethylene itanga isoko mugihe imanza nyinshi z'imbere mu ngo, zamenye neza umusaruro wabo. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ni gake. Igiciro cya Pipes ni gito - kurugero, 1 p. m pie 202,3mm igura amafaranga 12. Larts ifite kandi imiyoboro idahwitse idafite igitutu, igenewe imyanda imbere.
Umuyoboro wangiritse wa Re-urashobora gukosorwa ukoresheje ibyo bita kubwubatsi:
Idoda polyethylene. Kugira ngo Polyethylene akomere kandi ahangane n'ingaruka z'ubushyuhe, ifatwa muburyo butandukanye. Nkigisubizo, inyongera yinyongera ikorwa hagati ya molekile, ibyo bita kumena (ibiraro). Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubwabwo bwitwa kudoda, hamwe nibikoresho byatewe na poltisylene kandi bikanda amagambo ahinnye ya re-x (pe-c). Ukurikije uburyo bwakoreshejwe bwo kwambutsa, hari ubwoko bune bwa Pe-X, bitandukanye na mugenzi wawe, imigabane ya molekile zabo kandi, kuramba, pe-cc na pe-xd . Ijanisha ryo kudoda ni hejuru cyane muri ha.
Imiyoboro ikozwe muri polyethylene kubera ogisijeni ndende ya ogisijeni ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubukonje kandi bushyushye. Kugirango ubushyuhe hamwe nigorofa bishyushye, imiyoboro hamwe ninzitizi yo hanze cyangwa imbere yimbere iratezwa imbere, irinda ogisijeni kwinjira. Inzitizi nkiyi irashobora kuboneka ukoresheje inzoga zakozwe na Ethylene (inzitizi yimbere) cyangwa aluminiyumu foil igice cya 0.1-0.15mm (bariyeri zo hanze). Aluminum foil, mubyongeyeho, birashoboka kugabanya cyane ubunini bwa thermal (imiyoboro nkiyi yitwa Scirizeble).
Imiyoboro isubiramo ikwamiwe ukoresheje imashini ihuza muburyo bwo guhuza ibice bitandukanye, kimwe no gukanda imitsi. Twabibutsa ko kwishyiriraho ibishushanyo mbonera bisaba igihe kinini, ndetse no kubungabunga no kubungabunga mugihe cyo gukora (gukomera kwimbuto zidahagarara mugihe cyigihe, kandi depressisation yimirongo irashobora kubaho).
Umubare muto wa diameters ya pisine (12-32mm) ifite ibisobanuro byubukungu nibikorwa: hamwe na diameter nini, umubyimba munini uzahinduka kandi umuyoboro ntuzaba elastike. Nibyo, abihuza bazahitamo bihenze cyane.
PolyproPylene (pp cyangwa pp). Hariho ubwoko bwe bwinshi:
RR-H (pp-g cyangwa pp-ubwoko bwa 1) - Byakozwe muri homopolymer, Macromolecules ya Macromolecules igizwe nibice bisa. Iyi miyoboro ikoreshwa cyane kuri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi akonje;
RR-B (PP-B cyangwa PP-Ubwoko bwa 2) bikozwe muri Cory Copolymer, biramba cyane kandi byiza bihanganye nubushyuhe bwo hasi (kugeza kuri -40C). Ikoreshwa mu miyoboro ikonje y'amazi, ndetse no gushyushya hasi sisitemu;
Pp-r (pp-p cyangwa pp-ubwoko bwa 3) bikozwe muri random00. Iyi ni zitandukanye za Polypropylene, ibyiza byacyo nubushobozi bwo kugabura umutwaro hejuru yubunini bwurukuta nimbaraga nyinshi. Ikoreshwa muri sisitemu ikonje na ashyushye, hanze no gushyushya amazi.
PolyproPylene pp-r imiyoboro ikorwa nubwoko butatu bwingenzi, burangwa ningutu zikora:
Pn 10- Kubanya amazi akonje hamwe nigitutu cya 1mpa;
Pn 20- Kubintu byamazi ashyushye kandi akonje hamwe nigitutu kuri t = 20c 2.0 MP, kuri T = 75c- 0,000 MP;
Ubwoko bwa PN 25 busaba ibisobanuro birambuye. Reka dutangire kuba pp-imiyoboro, nka pe-x imiyoboro, ishyikirizwa isoko muburyo bwumurongo umwe na byinshi (hamwe na plastine ya alumini). Imiyoboro myinshi yiswe yitwa neza (mu bimenyetso ko hari ijambo "rihamye" cyangwa rikomokaho). Bato bato ogisijeni nkeya kandi itandukanye no gutuza cyane muburyo (kwagura umurongo muto). Gukora imiyoboro ya PN25 (bishimangirwa) birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bukonje kandi bushyushye no gushyushya igitutu kuri t = 20c 2,5MP, kuri T =
Imiyoboro ya PP ikorwa na diameter ya mm 16 kugeza 160 (urugero, ikiguzi cyumuyoboro ni 202.3mm, kuva kuri 0. Kuri 1Pog. M). Bahujwe nuburyo bwo gusudira kwubushyuhe, bushingiye ku guhuza hasukuye ibice bisuye.
PolyButene (RV cyangwa PB) - Ibikoresho, muri byinshi bisa na Polypropylene na Polyethylene, ariko bahanganye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi bwo hasi kandi bwiyongereye. Irashobora gusudikurwa muburyo bwumuriro cyangwa uhuze na chretated cyangwa kanda.
Polyvinyl chloride - Ibikoresho bya thermoplastique byabonetse na polyérimeIZation ya Vinyl chloride. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwayo: PVC-U (NSLH) ni chlolviny idagenzurwa na pvc-c (cploniny ya chloride ya chlogiya, ifite (12-110mm muri diameter). Batandukanye nandi mashusho gukomeye, ariko bihendutse. Nanone, ibyiza byabo birimo hafi hafi kabiri nka PR, kurahira no kurambura ogisijeni. Ibibazo byingenzi byimiyoboro, inzobere zemeza ko mugihe cyo gushiraho ugomba gukoresha ibintu bifatika (uburyo bwa polydirase), bwongera ikiguzi kandi yongera ikiguzi kandi itongewe inzira. Hariho ibindi bibi, nkibisambanya kandi "byangiza", tuzaganira ku buryo burambuye muri iki gihe cyacu.
Fiberglass. Ishingiro ryurukuta rwimiyoboro nkiyi yerekana fibberglass, filler-epoxy cyangwa polyester resin. Gukoresha ibyo bikoresho bituma kubona imbaraga ziranga ishimwe ryibyuma, ariko bisa na kimwe. Imiyoboro isa imaze imyaka irenga 20 ikorwa, ariko ntabwo bigeze babona uburemere. Impamvu iryamye haba muburyo budahagije bwo guhuza ibice hamwe na fittings kandi mugihe udahari nuburyo bwihuse kandi bwizewe bwo guhuza imiyoboro na fittings.
| Agace | Icyiciro cyo gukora | Ubwoko bwa PIPE | Thrab, S. | Igihe cya Thrab, imyaka | TMAX, S. | Igihe kuri TMX, imyaka | Tavar, c tavar, h | Igihe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gutanga Amazi ashyushye (60c) | imwe | Pr-H, pp-b, pp-r, re-x, pvc-c | 60. | 49. | 80. | imwe | 95. | 100 |
| Gutanga amazi ashyushye (70c) | 2. | Pr-H, pp-b, pp-r, re-x, pvc-c | 70. | 49. | 80. | imwe | 95. | 100 |
| Ubushyuhe buke bwo gushyushya hanze | 3. | Pvc-c, pr-h, pp-b, pp-r, re-x, rv | 30/40 | 20/8 | mirongo itanu | 4.5 | 65. | 100 |
| Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gushyushya hanze, ubushyuhe buke budoda ibikoresho byo gushyushya | Bane | RR-N, PR-B, PP-R, RE-X, RV | 20/40/60 | 2.5 / 20/25 | 70. | 2.5 | 100 | 100 |
| Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bushyushya ibikoresho byo gushyushya | bitanu | RR-N, PR-B, PP-R, RE-X, RV | 20/60/80 | 14/10/10 | 90. | imwe | 100 | 100 |
| Gutanga amazi akonje | Kh | Re na pvc-u | makumyabiri | mirongo itanu | - | - | - | - |
| Kugarura: Ubushyuhe bwo gukora trab cyangwa guhuza ubushyuhe bwamazi atwara abantu, bugenwa n'akarere gasaba; Tmax nubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukora, igikorwa cyacyo kigarukira mugihe; Ubushyuhe bwa Tavar buvuka mubihe byihutirwa binyuranyije na sisitemu yo kugenzura |
Biteye ubwoba, bimaze kuba ubwoba! (Byaba bisekeje niba nta ngaruka zikomeye zihari)
Dutanga inkuru ziteye ubwoba zumvikanywe nubwanditsi mugihe cyo gutegura ingingo.
Amateka 1. Imwe mu masosiyete y'ubwubatsi yakoreshejwe mu bubiko bw'amagorofa menshi kuri sisitemu y'amazi ashyushye aho kuba pn-20 imiyoboro ya pn-20, kandi idashyizemo indishyi zo kurera ikirere. Gutaka kw'inzu byari bigamije kunyura munsi y'ibiro, bityo imiyoboro minini ijya ku nkuta zayo yashyizwe ahagarara asigaye mu nsiba. Ikigeragezo cyo gutangiza amazi ashyushye cyaramaze nijoro, aragenda nta kibazo. Ariko tekereza gutungurwa kw'abapangayi b'aharanira ubusa (Batuye hakiri kare), bukeye bwaho, bukeye bwaho bwavumbuye ko uburemere butekanye bwa 700k bimuwe mu rukuta rwa metero kare. Yahaye kandi Sauna "umutuku"! Kandi irashobora guturika.
Amateka 2. Byemezwa ko kuri sisitemu y'amazi akonje, imiyoboro ya PND irakwiriye. Umaze kumenya uku kuri, intimba y'amazi yashyizeho iyi miyoboro iri imbere yimbitse ya 80m. Umuyoboro wa Amezdu wagenewe igitutu ntarengwa cya 10. Igisubizo cyintambwe yihuse yari isonga ryumuyoboro (Ntabwo nashoboye kwihanganira umuvuduko ukenewe kugirango utange amazi mu gisigaye cye ...
Ibyuma-polymer imiyoboro
Ibicuruzwa ntabwo bihuza gusa imico myiza yicyuma na plastike, ariko nanone byambuwe amakosa menshi. Igishushanyo kigizwe n'ibice byinshi:Igice cyo hanze cya Polyethylene kirwanya ingaruka zimirasiri ya ultraviolet;
Impuzandengo imwe ni umuyoboro wa aluminium hamwe nurukuta rwurukuta 0.2-2 dteke muburebure bwinguvu kumurongo;
urwego rwimbere.
Gukoresha urwego rwa aluminium rwemerera kubona umurongo wo hasi wo kwagura umurongo kandi urinde kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni. Byongeye kandi, umuyoboro urashobora kunama, nyuma akomeza imiterere ye. Imbaraga nyinshi zemerera imiyoboro yo guhangana nigitutu kinini (kugeza kuri 20mpa) nubushyuhe (kugeza 95c).
Hano hari urwego runini rwibi bicuruzwa (14-110 mm), ariko ni ubukungu budashobora gukoresha imiyoboro minini ya diameteri kubera ikiguzi kinini cyabahuza, ni ngombwa gukoresha imiterere isa na pe-X imiyoboro.
Bigaragara ko bisobanutse neza muburyo buzenguruka ko nta mfashanyo nta mfashanyo muriyi "bwinshi" ntibishoboka gusa kubyumva.
Utanga imiyoboro
Umuringa: KME (Ubudage), HANO KUMUD (Finlande), "igihingwa cyo gutunganya imitekerereze itari Fure" (Uburusiya).
PolyproPylene: Aquatrym (Ubudage), Ekoplastik (Repubulika ya Ceki), Polymelt (Ubudage), "igihingwa cyometseho" (Ukraine).
Polyethylene: Kan (Polonye), Truvolopolymer na KazanorsinteNtez (Uburusiya).
Yadoda Polyethylene:
Re-ha: ONOR (T / M Wirboin Finlande), Rehau (Ubudage);
RB-HB: Micropol (M / M isoplast- Ubwongereza); Ivt (t / m prientudo- Ubudage), "Bir Pekc" na "van tube" (Uburusiya);
Re-hs: Tere (T / M Teriflex- Ubudage), Kan (T / M Kan-therm).
Byinshi (PE-x / al / x): Wefa Plastike, Rehau (Ubudage), Henco (Ububiligi), Wavin (Ubuholandi), ONOR.
Polyvinyl chloride: Kan, "Kubab" na "Agrigazpolymer" (Uburusiya).
Ibyuma-polymer: Geberi (T / M MePla-Ubusuwisi), Gutesha Pro Aqua na Orentrop (Ubudage).
Abahanga bazafasha?
Ubundi buryo bwo guhitamo ni uguhura nisosiyete nini yinzobere yigisha "kumuhanda". Nibyo, imitego irashobora guhambirwa hano. Ikigaragara ni uko ibigo bikora hamwe nubwoko bwose bwimiyoboro bityo bakaba neza muri bo gusezererwa, nubwo byaba bibabaje, nta serivisi ziri ku isoko. Buri sosiyete nini ifite uburambe bwaryo, hashingiwe kubimaze gutanga ibyo aribyo cyangwa uwabikoze. Nkigisubizo, akazi kamwe gusa nicyuma-plastike yibirango runaka, abandi, gusa hamwe na polyethylene, icya gatatu hamwe na polypropylene. By the way, ubwo "umugereka" akenshi ugereranywa nubukungu nuwabikoze imiyoboro - kugabanyirizwa ibintu binini. Muri icyo gihe, buri sosiyete yemera ko ari verisiyo yayo yonyine kandi idashidikanywaho. Reka tukubwire inkuru nyinshi ziteye ubwoba kuva murukurikirane "Nigute Twese twakoraga nyuma yo guhangana nabanywanyi" kandi tukagerageza, kutitwa, "guhindura kwizera kwacu." Ariko akenshi ntubona amakuru afatika.
Hano, ahari, amakuru yose twashakaga kumenyera umusomyi muri iri suzuma. Ariko ibiganiro byacu kubyerekeye imiyoboro ntibirangira. Dufite ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeye ubwoko butandukanye bwimiyoboro. Muri rusange, gukomeza bigomba kuba ...
Ubuyobozi bw'amabwiriza burashimira ANTuart, Geberi, Onor, Traventrop, "Darmos", "Umuryango wa Perezida wa NP Sasina v. Reba gutegura ibintu.