Ibitekerezo ku mategeko yerekeye amakoperative y'amazu. Amahame yo gukora koperative, gahunda yintererano, uburenganzira ninshingano byabagize Lna.
Amategeko ya Federal No 215 yo ku ya 30 Ukuboza 2004. Ati: "Kuri koperative ihuriweho" byinjira mu gaciro 1APREL2005g. Irebera abaturage bo mu gihugu cyacu ubundi buryo bwo kubona amazu.
Ariko, ugomba kubanza kumenya icyo itandukaniro riri hagati yamakoperative ateranya imiturire (LNG) avuye kuri bagenzi babo hamwe namakoperative yinzu hamwe na HSSC birahuye.
Abagize amashyirahamwe abiri yanyuma abone / kubaka inyubako imwe, iherereye muburyo runaka kuri aderesi yihariye. Inzozi zemewe nabanyamuryango-abanyamigabane bavuga ko babaye ngombwa ko bakirwa neza muri koperative yo kwinjira muri koperative) kandi hari ahantu hose, ahantu hose mu Burusiya. Niyo mpamvu abo bantu batagira ibyago baba abaturanyi bazengurutse inzu no ku muryango.
Abagize koperative imwe yo mu mazu cyangwa JSC yinjira mu nzu yabo icyarimwe. Abarwanyi kuri bo bahitamo ibyo bita uburyo bwo kwitabira ibikorwa bya koperative (uhereye kubisabwa). Iyi gahunda yimari itanga amatariki atandukanye, inshuro yintererano, ubunini bwabo. Hanyuma, muri koperative yo kwezwa hari igitekerezo nk "icyambere".
Iyo winjije amafaranga muri LNG, urashobora kugura gusa inzu mubice, ariko kandi inyubako yumuntu ku giti cye (akazu). Mugihe mugihe cya koperative yimiturire na ECC, bijyanye ninyubako gusa.
LNG, bitandukanye nabandi "bavandimwe", bashora amafaranga yayo mugukoresha / kubaka amazu kubagize koperative. Iyo paki izegeranya amafaranga ateganijwe nuburyo bwo kwitabira ibikorwa bya LNA (30 cyangwa 50% yikiguzi cyamazu), koperative izongeramo amafaranga amwe (ntarengwa).
Umubare wabanyamigabane bo muri Amerika barashobora gukura kandi amaherezo bagera ku 5000, mugihe umubare wabagize amakoperative ya ECC na Amahugurwa yimiturire agarukira numubare wamazu munzu runaka.
LNG ifite uburenganzira bwo kwishora mu kwihangira imirimo, kandi andi makoperative ntashobora kubona amafaranga. Ibidasanzwe ni amafaranga yinjira muri koperative yimiturire cyangwa ECC nkigisubizo cyo gutanga ibibanza byo guturamo byitondewe (ingingo ya 128 ya kode yimiturire).
Abagize amakoperative y'imiturire hamwe na HSSC byanze bikunze bigira uruhare mu kubaka no gukurikiranwa ku nyubako yabo (ingingo ya 1010 y'amazu). LNG iremewe gusa "kugirango aba abanyamuryango ba koperative ikeneye ahantu ho guturamo bahuza ... imisanzu ya 1 (Ingingo ya 15 yamategeko No 215). Nyuma yo kwishyura umugabane wuzuye kandi ushushanya imiturire kumutungo, umuntu areka kuba umunyamuryango wa koperative, ahinduka nyiri inzu cyangwa murugo kandi arashobora kwinjira mumashyirahamwe ayo ari yo yose ya ba nyirubwite.
Mu mafaranga ya horshp, ugomba gushaka amafaranga ahubwo vuba: amafaranga yose kumyaka imwe kugeza kuri ibiri, mugihe inyubako y'amagorofa menshi yubatswe. Gahunda ya Vlhnp biragaragara ko itinda, kandi umuvuduko wo kubitsa uhitamo nyir'imiturire.
Cerare, mugihe amakoperative yuzuye amazu ari nto. Kurugero, izo zashoboye kubona ibisobanuro kuri enterineti (kandi buri llna igomba kuba ifite urubuga rwabo!), Uri kure yumurwa mukuru, muri Irkutsk, Perm na indi mijyi. Akenshi, ayo mashyirahamwe yiyandikishije kuri 1Aprel 2005, ni ukuvuga ibyangombwa byabo nuburyo bwo gukora ibikorwa ntibishobora kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa. 215. Amakoperative aherereye mu bihe bifitanye isano na 2006. (ni ukuvuga amezi atandatu) kugirango utangire gukwira (ukurikije ingingo ya 57 y amategeko mashya).
Mubindi bintu, ubugororangingo ku mategeko ya LNA ubu byateguwe, biteganijwe gusuzumwa ku cyiciro cyizuba cya Leta ya Duma. Iherezo ryabo ntirisobanuwe.
Ibitekerezo by'ibanze bikoreshwa mu mategeko (Ingingo ya 2)
Koperative yuzuye imiturire - Koperative y'abaguzi yashyizeho nk'ishyirahamwe ku bushake bw'abaturage bashingiye ku banyamuryango kugira ngo bahuze ibikenewe byo guturamo ibibanza byo guturamo babihuza n'abagize uruhare mu misanzu.
Ibikorwa bya koperative Gukurura no gukoresha amafaranga yabaturage kugirango ubone ibibanza byo guturamo - gukurura no gukoresha na koperative yinkunga yabaturage cyangwa kubaka inyubako zo guturamo (harimo no kubaka inyubako zubutegetsi (harimo no kubaka inyubako zubutegetsi (harimo no kubaka inyubako zubutegetsi (harimo no kubaka inyubako zubutegetsi (harimo no kubaka inyubako zubutegetsi (harimo ninyubako zo guturamo (harimo ninyubako zo guturamo (harimo ninyubako zo guturamo (harimo ninyubako zo guturamo (harimo n'inyubako zo guturamo (harimo n'inyubako zo guturamo (harimo n'inyubako zo guturamo (harimo n'inyubako zo guturamo (harimo n'inyubako zo guturamo (harimo n'inyubako zo guturamo (harimo n'inyubako zo guturamo (harimo n'inyubako zo guturamo (harimo n'inyubako zo guturamo (zirimo kwimurira nyuma Gukora imisanzu ya burundu mumitungo yabanyamuryango ba koperative.
Amazu yo gutura - Inzu cyangwa Inzu yo guturamo yujuje ibyangombwa byashyizweho namategeko yimiturire ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya (ingingo ya 15 ya kode yimiturire).
Amafaranga adasanzwe - Amafaranga yatewe numunyamuryango wa koperative murutonde kandi muri ibyo bihe, biteganijwe muburyo bwo kwitabira ibikorwa bya koperative kugirango akurure no gukoresha amafaranga yabaturage kugirango agure aho atuye. Amafaranga agenwa hakurikijwe iri tegeko rya federasiyo. Umusanzu wuzuye wa Froud urimo amafaranga yakiriwe na koperative na bo kwihangira imirimo no kugabanywa hagati yabanyamuryango bagereranijwe nigicucu cyacyo.
Umunyamuryango umwe - Amafaranga icyarimwe yakozwe numuturage kugirango ashyire mu giciro cy'uburezi bwa koperative no kwakira umuturage mu bagize koperative.
Amafaranga y'abanyamuryango - Amafaranga, yatangijwe rimwe na kimwe mu bagize koperative. Boherejwe Gutanga ibiciro bifitanye isano no gushyira mu bikorwa koperative y'ibikorwa biteganijwe n'amasezerano yayo, usibye ibikorwa byo gukurura no gukoresha amafaranga y'abaturage mu kugura ibibanza byo gutura.
Ubwishyu bwinyongera - Amafaranga atanga umusanzu mubagize koperative yo gupfukirana igihombo cya koperative.
Abahonele - Igice cyumusanzu usangiwe numunyamuryango wa koperative yatangiriye kumunsi runaka.
Sangira - Igipimo cya pareniclation ya buri munyamuryango wa koperative mu kigega kisangiwe kuri lng.
Koperative Fondasiyo - Aya ni amafaranga ya parane yabanyamuryango bose ba koperative.
Agaciro nyako ka Paj - Igice cyibiciro byumutungo wa leta wa koperative, ugereranije nubunini bwumugabane. (Umutungo Uheza ni agaciro kabonetse nkigisubizo cyo gukuramo umubare winshingano kuva mumitungo yumuryango.)
Uburyo bwo kwitabira Umwe mu bagize koperative mu bikorwa bya koperative akurura no gukoresha amafaranga y'abaturage kugira ngo abone ibibanza byo guturamo - Ubu ni inzira yo gufata abagize uruhare mu mirimo ihuza (ubunini bwabo, indishyi, nibindi) kuri Amerika Pass Fondasiyo muri koperative yashyizweho hakurikijwe ibisabwa niyi mategeko ya leta, amahitamo yo guhitamo umwe muribo ni abagize koperative.
Gushiraho Koperative
Ariko Amasezerano nayo agomba kwandikwa (umunyamategeko atumiwe ko abereyemo muri ubu buryo bwo gukora), hanyuma agashinga inama rusange y'abagize Lna, aho, hazakenera kwemeza. Iyi nama ni umubiri wa koperative yo hejuru (ingingo ya 34): igomba gufatwa buri mwaka, kandi buri wese mu bagize umuryango afite ijwi rimwe kuri ryo.
Ubushobozi bwo gutatanya mu nama rusange y'abagize Lnal, usibye kwemezwa ry'amasezerano, harimo impinduka n'ingaruka kuri yo; kwemeza inyandiko zemewe zigenga ibikorwa bya koperative; gufata icyemezo cyo kuvugurura cyangwa gusesa koperative; Amatora no guhagarika ububasha bw'abagize komisiyo ishinzwe inama na komisiyo ishinzwe ubugenzuzi (umugenzuzi). Ibitero, amatora cyangwa gushyiraho inzego nyobozi bya koperative (Umuyobozi cyangwa Ubuyobozi; gucunga cyangwa gucunga cyangwa gucunga ishyirahamwe); Guhagarika ububasha bwabo (niba amasezerano yiyi LNF, igisubizo cyibi bibazo ntabwo cyitirirwa ubushobozi bw'Inama ya Koperative). Mu nama rusange, uburyo bwo kwitabira ibikorwa bya koperative bwemejwe; Igiciro ntarengwa cyamazu kigenwa, gishobora kugurwa cyangwa cyubatswe na koperative umunyamuryango umwe; Uburyo bwo gushinga no gukoresha amafaranga ya koperative byanditswe, usibye ikigega. Byongeye kandi, inama ishyiraho urugero rw'amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu gukoresha ibikorwa kugira ngo ibikorwa bya LNA byogerweho kugira ngo ibikorwa bya LNA byogerweho kugira ngo ibikorwa bya LNA biregereje. Igiciro cyo kubungabunga koperative na raporo kubyo bicwa.
Koperative yaremye itagabanijwe kuri manda itangira imirimo yayo kuva itariki yo kwinjiza igitabo cya Leta kimenyerewe cya Leta (Ingingo ya 3). Lna afite umutungo, ashobora kubona no gushyira mu bikorwa umutungo n'uburenganzira kutaringaniye mu izina ryayo, kugira ngo asohoze inshingano, kuba uregwa mu rukiko, gufungurwa mu rukiko, kugira ngo afungure konti muri federasiyo y'Uburusiya. Agomba kugira akarengane hamwe nizina ryumuryango, kandi arashobora no kugira kashe, ibimenyetso, biranga, biranga hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kugiti cye.
Uburyo bwakazi
Ni izihe ntego Ikigega cya LSNA gishobora gukoreshwa? Mbere ya byose, kugura no kubaka amazu kubagize koperative (Ingingo ya 26). Igitero cyo kwishyura ikiguzi cyerekanwe mubuhanzi. 24. Kugeza ubu ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibikorwa byo gukurura no gukoresha amafaranga yabenegihugu kugira no kwinginga amazu; Kunoza imico (gusana, kurangiza) yabonetse cyangwa yubatswe ku rwego rujyanye n'ibisabwa bijyanye no gusaba kwinjira mu bagize Lna; ibirimo, gusana amazu; Kwishura serivisi zingirakamaro (mbere yo kwimura ibibanza kugirango ukoreshe umwe mu bagize koperative); Serivisi no kwishyura inguzanyo zazamuye ninguzanyo zakuruwe; Kwishura imisoro, amafaranga hamwe nizindi kwishyuza iteganijwe na.d.
Uburyo bwo gutanga umusanzu umugabane bugenwa hakurikijwe umunyamuryango watoranijwe muri koperative uburyo bwo kwitabira ibikorwa bya LNK-Imari, ukurikije ibyo uzatanga. Iyi fomu isobanura igihe ntarengwa kandi ntarengwa cyo gusaba, kimwe nubunini ntarengwa bwintererano, nyuma yumuryango wa Lna ibaho uburenganzira bwo kugura cyangwa kubaka muri koperative yo guturamo, muri Igihe cyo gukora igice gisigaye cyumusanzu, ingano ninshuro yo kwishyura mumyandikire. Hegitari ya Togo, ibisabwa byo gukurura amafaranga yatijwe (ingingo ya 27), ingano ya zidashobora kurenga 70% byumusanzu wa koperative (ingingo ya 47). Iyi ngingo ikubiyemo imipaka ntarengwa yo igihe. Noneho, igihe ntarengwa ugomba gukora imisanzu ya tuttaile kugeza igihe ushobora kwemererwa kugura / kubaka kuri koperative yawe, bigarukira kumyaka ibiri (guhera mumwaka wa kabiri wa koperative). Aroce ikora igisigaye cyumusaruro wumugabane ntigishobora kurenza inshuro imwe nigice kurenza manda yambere.
Dore urugero rworoshye kandi rwinshi. Urashaka kwegeranya kimwe cya kabiri cyibiciro byigihe kizaza (murugo) imyaka ibiri (ntibishoboka kubara igihe gito; ukurikije ingingo ya 47, birashobora kuba byinshi). Urimo kwishyura aya mafaranga, kurugero, buri kwezi, nyuma ubonye uburenganzira bwo kwakira amazu yo gukoresha. Noneho ukinjira munzu (cyangwa koperative itangiye kukubakira). Ato akabaho kuri ubu imyaka itatu ukora amafaranga asigaye. Ariko muriyi gahunda nziza cyane hari inzitizi eshatu. Iya mbere nigiciro cyamazu, mumyaka ibiri gishobora kwiyongera, kandi uzakenera kwishyura itandukaniro nintererano yinyongera kugirango ubone imitungo itimukanwa. Amafaranga yiyongera angahe? Ikibazo gikomeje gufungura. Ahantu ha kabiri hatowe nigihe koperative igomba kuguha amazu asabwa. Birashoboka umurongo wabantu bamwe ba Lna, bashaka gushyira mubikorwa iyo mpamvu. Amazu ya Otode azatangwa kugirango ashyirwe imbere (Ingingo ya 28). Icya gatatu- Niba usaba inzu nshya, noneho uhereye igihe koperative izatangira kukubaka, kugeza igihe Komisiyo ishobora gutambuka imyaka itari mike mbere yuko ushyira igorofa mumitungo.
Kuva kuri wewe nkumunyamuryango wa koperative urashobora gusaba kwishyura indishyi yinyongera (usibye kuba umunyamuryango no mu muturuka). Ariko aya mafaranga agomba gukoreshwa gusa nigihombo cya LNA, niba, Imana ikinga ukuboko, izavuka (ingingo ya 2).
Ni iki kigomba gukosorwa mu Masezerano ya koperative (Ingingo ya 11):
Izina rya koperative n'aho uherereye;
Ikintu n'intego by'ibikorwa by'iyi koperative;
Uburyo bwo kwinjira kubagize LNA no guhagarika abanyamuryango;
Uburyo bwo kumenya ingano, ibigize nuburyo bwo gukora ubwubateri nizindi misanzu;
Inshingano z'abagize Koperative zibangamira inshingano zo gukora ubwubato n'izindi misanzu;
Uburyo bwo kwishyura umunyamuryango wa fign ku gaciro nyako k'umugabane no guhagarika abanyamuryango muri koperative;
Uburenganzira n'inshingano by'abagize iyi koperative;
Uburenganzira n'inshingano bya koperative kubanyamuryango;
Imiterere nubushobozi bwimibiri ya Lnal, uburyo bwo kurema no gufata ibyemezo kubibazo bitandukanye;
Inkomoko yo gushinga nuburyo bwo gukoresha umutungo wa koperative;
Amafaranga yakozwe na Lna;
Uburyo bwo gukingira n'abagize Koperative byashinzwe na koperative yataye igihombo;
Uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru kumakuru ya koperative kubanyamuryango ninshingano zayo kunanirwa;
Uburyo bwo gufata igenzura ritaha kandi ridasanzwe ryibikorwa byimari bya koperative;
Amakuru yerekeye amashami n'ibiro byerekana koperative;
Uburyo bwo kuvugurura no guseswa na koperative;
Undi rwego ateganijwe niyi Mategeko ya federasiyo.
Amasezerano ya koperative ashobora kandi kuba akubiyemo izindi ngingo zitari zinyuranyije n'amategeko y'uburusiya rigenga ibyaremwe n'ibikorwa bya koperative n'inzego zacyo, harimo no kubuza uruhare rwa bene wabo ba hafi mu bikorwa by'ubusa bwa koperative. Amasezerano yemejwe n'inama rusange y'abagize koperative. Impinduka ku Masezerano aterwa n'icyemezo cy'Inteko rusange.
Kuba umunyamuryango muri Koperative
Umunyamuryango wa koperative ategekwa kubahiriza Amasezerano kandi ashyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo byemejwe n'imibiri ya koperative, mu gihe cyo gukora ubwumvikane n'abandi bagize koperative n'umubiri wacyo (ingingo 8). Inshingano zishinzwe inshingano za LNA, niba, niba bidindiza kubitsa nindi misanzu (ingingo ya 6). Umubare w'igihano kuri ibyo birenga ugenwa mu Masezerano ya koperative, ariko ntashobora kuba hejuru yigiciro cya 1/300 cya Banki Nkuru ya Banki Nkuru (ubu 13%) kuri buri munsi watinze.
Kuba umunyamuryango muri koperative birangiye mugihe habaye gusohoka kubushake kuva kuri LNG, ibitemewe numunyamuryango wa koperative muri koperative, ihererekanyamucyo wumugabane wundi muntu, urupfu rwumunyamuryango wa LNG, jurira Uwiteka Pai, gusangira umusanzu rusange no kohereza amazu mu nyirusiteri wa koperative kandi, birumvikana ko gusesa koperative, mubindi, kubera guhomba (ingingo ya 9). Amaze guhagarika kuba umunyamuryango wa koperative, umuntu n'abagize umuryango we bagomba kwiyegurira amazu bigaruriwe n'uburenganzira bwabo, amezi abiri (ingingo ya 32). Ukurikije amategeko mashya yimiturire, birashoboka gusa nicyemezo cyurukiko (kandi utabigenewe andi mazu).
Batandukanijwe na koperative yo kunanirwa kubahiriza inshingano, no mu rukiko gusa (!) Gusa, hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy'inteko rusange cyangwa Inama ya koperative (Ingingo ya 10). Ariko mbere yo kwinjira mu cyemezo cy'urukiko guhatira umuntu umaze kubona muri LNA gukoresha amazu, afite uburenganzira bwo gutanga igice gisigaye cy'umusanzu we, bityo, tegura inzu cyangwa umutungo.
LNG ntigomba kuba piramide yimari yabarusiya nshya. Leta izagenzura byimazeyo kubahiriza amahame yahimbwe kugirango asuzume amafaranga arambye y'amafaranga ameze nk'iryo makoperative, ndetse no gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko kuri Lna.
Igenzura
Abagize Komisiyo y'Ubuyobozi n'inama y'ubugenzuzi, binyuranye n'ibitekerezo byagaragaye, umushahara ku bikorwa byabo mubisanzwe ntabwo byakirwa na clarter ya LNA cyangwa icyemezo cy'inteko rusange). Ariko barashobora kwishyuza amafaranga, "yatewe no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa" mu mibiri ya koperative. Na none, Ubuyobozi n'abayobozi bahabwa akazi, bakoreshwa mu kazi muri LNA, nko muyandi muryango cyangwa ushikamye. Abagize Inama y'Ubutegetsi batowe mu nama rusange y'abagize koperative, ibyo twibuka, bikorwa buri mwaka. Uregwa rimwe ku munsi, igihe iyi nama yabaye, ububasha bw'Inama y'Ubutegetsi burangira.
Abagize Inama rusange - Urugingo rwo hejuru rwa koperative (Ingingo ya 34) - Fata ibyemezo byose byingenzi bijyanye nigikorwa cyingenzi cya LNA. Icyemezo kuri kiriya kibazo cyashyikirijwe amajwi gikozwe ku bwiganze bw'amajwi (buri munyamuryango ni ijwi rimwe). Ibice bibiri bya gatatu by'amajwi birakenewe kugirango byemerwe n'amasezerano ya LNA, ahindura kandi akizihiza inyandiko z'imbere zigenga ibikorwa bya koperative, ibiteganywa n'uburyo bwo gushinga ikigega no gukoresha , kimwe no gufata icyemezo cyo kuvugurura cyangwa gusesa LNG no gushyiraho komisiyo ishinzwe iseswa.
Imiterere y'Inama Rusange irashobora kuba igihe cyose kandi inzandiko (ingingo ya 36). AESLI Umubare w'abagize koperative barenze abantu 500, inama rusange irashobora gukorerwa muburyo bwo gukusanya byemewe. Batorwa mu bagize LNG, bitari mu kibaho cyangwa inzego nyobozi za koperative (Ingingo ya 41). Abagize koperative (Nibura 10% by'Ingabo zose zose) kandi birumvikana ko Inama y'Ubugenzuzi, Komisiyo y'Ubugenzuzi n'imirambo Nyobozi ya Lna irashobora gutangiza inteko rusange idasanzwe (ingingo ya 35). By the way, bigomba gutumizwa mugihe habaye igihombo kirenga 25% yikigega. N'ubundi kandi, bagomba kwisubizwa nintererano zinyongera zabagize koperative!
Inteko Nyobozi "Ikore ibikorwa bya koperative mu gihe kiri hagati y'inama rusange y'abagize koperative" (ingingo ya 42). Abagize Inama y'Ubutegetsi bagomba kuba byibuze batatu, muri bo ni umuyobozi. Kimwe cya gatatu cyumubare wabagize Inama y'Ubutegetsi (urugero, imwe muri batatu) ifite uburenganzira bwo guhuza ibikorwa byabo n'umurimo muri LNA ku masezerano y'akazi.
Umusanzu w'inama ya koperative ubusanzwe ni:
Kwakira mu bagize koperative no guhagarika abanyamuryango;
ubutumire no gukora inama rusange z'abagize koperative;
amatora cyangwa gushyiraho inzego nyobozi ya koperative, kugenzura ibikorwa byazo, guhagarika imbaraga zabo;
Kwemeza inzira yo kwimura imiturire kugirango ukoreshe umunyamuryango wa LNA;
Kwemerwa n'Umugenzuzi no gusuzuma koperative n'amabwiriza yagiranye nabo;
Icyemezo kibanza cy'urwego rwo kwitabira ibikorwa bya koperative, raporo y'umwaka n'ibaruramari, ubugenzuzi;
Gufata ibyemezo ku ishyirwaho ry'amashami no gufungura ibiro byerekana iyi lng;
Kwemeza inguzanyo yasojwe n'amasezerano y'inguzanyo;
Ibindi bibazo byatanzwe n'amategeko.
Ibyemezo byose bifatwa mu nama z'Inama y'Ubutegetsi kandi zitangwa mu buryo bwa Porotokole, byashyizweho umukono na Perezida w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi n'umunyamabanga w'inama. Inyigisho, abagize koperative amezi atandatu bafite uburenganzira bwo kujuririra mu rukiko icyemezo cyafashwe n'Inama y'Ubutegetsi arenga ku mategeko asabwa n'amategeko, Amasezerano cyangwa izindi nyandiko z'imbere za koperative.
Komite y'Ubugenzuzi (Umugenzuzi w'ishuri) Lng mu izina ry'inama rusange y'abagize koperative abakora ibikorwa by'imari ndetse n'ubukungu by'umuryango. Abagenzuzi ntibashobora guhuza ibikorwa byabo nakazi muri koperative kumasezerano yakazi (ingingo ya 43).
Umuyobozi (Ubuyobozi) - Umurwa Nshingwabikorwa w'ibikorwa bya Lnk- Gucunga ibikorwa byubu (Ingingo ya 44). Niba hari inyuguti zirenga 500 mumuryango, Ubuyobozi, Umubiri wa Collegial urakenewe. Koperative irashobora kwanga guha akazi abakora buriho kandi bigahereza ubwo bubasha muyindi ngabo cyangwa rwiyemezamirimo ku giti cye. Bazakora nk'umuryango w'ubuyobozi cyangwa umuyobozi. Manda yimibare nyobozi yibyanditswe yiyandikishije mumasezerano ya koperative kandi ntashobora kurenga imyaka itanu. Iremereye niba ari ngombwa, hashingiwe ku cyemezo rusange cy'abagize koperative.
Amategeko ashimisha ibyiza kubayobozi ba koperative (ingingo ya 45). Umwe mu bagize komisiyo ishinzwe Inama y'Ubutegetsi n'inama y'ubugenzuzi, umuyobozi cyangwa umwe mu bagize urwego rw'umubiri wa LNA ntibashobora kuba umuntu ukurikira mu zindi koperative, niba igihe urukiko rufite ibyemezo kuri gusesa uyu muryango cyangwa kubisabwa kugirango birukane inzira zirengewe munsi yimyaka itatu. Ntibishoboka kuyobora LNG nabantu bafite amateka mpanabyaha kugirango bahanire icyaha mubukungu.
Umuntu wese uhagaze ku mutwe w'umuryango agomba gukora mu nyungu za koperative, kugira ngo asohoze uburenganzira bwayo kandi asohoze inshingano "mu kwizera kwiza" (ingingo ya 46). Abayobozi Elna bafite inshingano (ubuyobozi, ndetse na rimwe na rimwe mugizi wa nabi) kubera indishyi zatewe na koperative n'ibikorwa byabo cyangwa kudakora. Nta cyaha bagomba kwerekana ko ubwabo. Inshingano ntizitwara gusa abo bagize inzego z'abafatanyabikorwa ba koperative, batoye ku cyemezo cyateje indishyi.
Kubiranga ibikoresho
Ndashaka kwita cyane ku kuba umwe mu bashakanye ashobora gusunikwa n'umunyamuryango wa LNG, ariko gahunda yo gutunga abo bashakanye. Bisabwe n'umwe muri bo, igihe yandikaga uburenganzira bwo gutunga amazu ashobora kubona, kandi buri wese mu bashakanye azahabwa icyemezo cyo kwandikisha Leta uburenganzira bw'imitungo itimukanwa. Buri munyamuryango wa koperative afite uburenganzira ku bushishozi bwarwo bwo kujugunya umushahara we, harimo no kubikora no kugeza ku bundi mu bagize koperative cyangwa undi muntu udashobora kwangirwa kwinjira mu bagize Lna. Kumva urupfu rw'umunyamuryango wa koperative ukurikiza amategeko cyangwa muri Nyagasani uzahabwa imisanzu yayo kandi ufite uburenganzira bwo kwiganje ko yinjira mu bagize Lna.
Igenzura rya Leta n'ingwate
Gahunda yo kubona amazu binyuze muri lng isa neza cyane. Ariko ntushobora kuba ko amakoperative azaba piramide itaha yubukungu yabarusiya bashya? Oya, ntagomba. YB Yakurikijwe No 215 Igice cyose cyitangiye kugenzura amafaranga arambye ya LNA no kugenzura ibikorwa byabo.
Kubangagura amafaranga arambye yubukungu bwa koperative ishyikirizwa ibisabwa cyane (ingingo.47). Ubwa mbere, ingano yigice cyumusanzu, umwe mubagize Lna agaragara uburenganzira bwo kugura cyangwa kubaka amazu ya koperative, harashobora kubaho munsi ya 30% yumubare wagereranijwe umusanzu wa mutuelle. (Biragaragara ko umuntu washoye amafaranga akomeye kandi wakiriye inzu yo gukoresha izaterwa hagamijwe gutanga inshingano no gutegura amazu mu mutungo.) Icya kabiri, LNG irashobora kongeramo umuntu kuri amafaranga amwe ubwo yiyeguriye. (Rero, ku bijyanye no kugeza 30%, ikindi 40% by'igiciro cy'amazu ntizaba gihagije.) Hamwe no kubura amafaranga yo kugura cyangwa kubaka amazu mu bagize koperative, wakoze igice cya Umugabane, Birumvikana ko wabigizemo uruhare kandi watije amafaranga, ariko umaze munsi yijanisha rya banki rikomeye. Nibyiza rero kwegeranya 50% yikiguzi cyamazu. Noneho koperative izongera igice cya kabiri, niba giteganijwe namasezerano yayo. Icya gatatu, ijambo ntarengwa ryo gukora umwe mu bagize igice cya LNG bagize uruhare mu musanzu wa LN, nyuma y'icyifuzo cyo guhabwa na koperative yo gukoresha amazu, ntashobora kuba bitarenze imyaka ibiri. Aroce ikora igisigaye cyumusanzu basangiwe ntigomba kurenza ijambo ryo gukora igice cya mbere cyacyo inshuro zirenze imwe nigice. ( Shora mu gushaka uburenganzira bwo kubaka mu kubaka no kubaka mu buryo butaziguye burenze 20% by'ibiciro by'umutungo wa LNA. Agomba kureka amafaranga nyamukuru mugugura amazu mu isoko rya kabiri, ibyago byibuze, mu buryo butunguranye inzu ntizarangira?
Imipaka igarukira mu Mategeko No 215 ifitanye isano na koperative y'ibikorwa (ingingo ya 48). Kurugero, LNA ntabwo ifite uburenganzira bwo gutanga inguzanyo, gutanga inyubako zo guturamo, kohereza amazu yo gukoresha kubuntu, gukora nkumushinga wa nyirape, kugirango utange umurwa mukuru wimiryango yemewe. Ibihembo, byabonye cyangwa byubatswe na koperative, birashobora kwimurirwa mu kubitsa (inguzanyo), ariko gutanga ibisabwa kugira ngo inshingano zo gusubiza inguzanyo (inguzanyo) ku buguzi bwayo cyangwa kubaka.
Amabwiriza adasanzwe yavumbuwe kugirango asuzume ibikorwa birambye by'imari y'ibikorwa bya LNA, uburyo bwabo busobanura n'ubunini bwashyizweho na guverinoma y'Uburusiya (ingingo ya 49). Aya ni amahame yumutekano uriho yinshingano za koperative, umutekano rusange wibikorwa bya Lna Koperative, umutwaro w'imyenda ya LNA, umwenda w'abagize koperative, ndetse no ku rundi, washyizeho amategeko n'ibikorwa bibishinzwe na guverinoma ya Arf. Umuryango mukuru wa federasiyo uzakurikirwa no kubahiriza, gukora imirimo yo kugenzura no kugenzura mu masoko y'amafaranga, n'imibiri yayo. Ibi bivuga serivise yinyamanswa ya federasiyo (FSFR). Uburyo bwo kugenzura bufite ishingiro: Niba koperative idahuye nibura kimwe mu bipimo birindwi byagenwe, ntahabwa uburenganzira bwo gukora ibikorwa byo gukurura abanyamuryango bashya.
Turizera ko Minnges nyinshi zizagaragara mu Burusiya vuba cyane. Ubundi buryo bazahuza mumashyirahamwe yo kwiyobora - Amashyirahamwe kubushake ni amwe muri rusange amakoperative. Iyi miryango izatera imbere kandi ishyiraho amategeko n'amahame yemeza ko abagize Abagize LA no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa bikora kugira ngo bakurure kandi bakoreshe amafaranga kugira ngo babone amazu, gukurikirana kubahiriza amategeko. Byose - ni ikibazo cya kazoza ka hafi.
Abanditsi bashimira umunyamategeko Lyubov Danilov kugirango afashe mugutegura ibikoresho.