Tuvuga kubyerekeye ikigega cy'indishyi, konte ya ESCRO, icyo gukora niba uwateje imbere yakoreweho n'amategeko agenga kurinda abanyamigabane bashutswe muri 2019.
Ugereranije, 2 kugeza 6% byabanyamigabane buri mwaka ntibakira ibikoresho byabo ku gihe, kandi bitera ikibazo gikomeye kumasoko yimitungo itimukanwa. Kurinda uburenganzira bw'abanyamigabane buteganijwe mu 2005 n'amategeko No 214 - FZ ntabwo byari bihagije, bityo byakomeje kunonosora. Amategeko mashya yagenewe kurengera uburenganzira bw'abanyamigabane. Igihe cy'inzibacyuho cyatangijwe kugeza Nyakanga 2019.
Byose kubyerekeye udushya mu mategeko
Ibintu n'ibitekerezoNinde ufite abanyamigabane nkabo
Ibibazo byubwubatsi Bwiza
Ibisabwa kubateza imbere
Ibisabwa kuri DDU
Inshingano zo guhindura igihe ntarengwa
Ikigega cy'indishyi
Iterambere ryahomba
Konti ya Escrow
Garanti
Ibyiringiro byo guhanga udushya
Kubyerekeye ibintu n'ibitekerezo
Noneho, hariho ibintu bibiri byingenzi. Iya mbere niterambere - ikigo cyemewe n'amategeko gifite cyangwa kubukode bwiburyo bwo gukodesha amafaranga mubwubatsi buringaniye kugirango ushyire inyubako zamaguru no (cyangwa) ibintu byimitungo itimukanwa.
Iya kabiri ni uwitabira kubaka - umuturage cyangwa ubuzimagatozi. Hamwe na hamwe barashobora kubaka inyubako zo guturamo gusa, ahubwo banaba igaraje, ibikoresho byubuzima, kugaburira, ibikorwa byubucuruzi, ubucuruzi, umuco nibindi bidasanzwe, usibye ibikoresho byinganda. Ibi byanditswe mu ngingo ya 2 y'amategeko.
Hariho kandi ibisobanuro bisobanutse byikintu cyo kubaka uburinganire, ni ukuvuga ko ejo hazaza hagomba kuba inzu yawe, igaraje cyangwa ikibanza mu kaga munsi yinzu. Ibibanza byo guturamo cyangwa bidatuye kugirango bimurirwe nyuma yo guhabwa uruhushya rwo Guhamizwa Inzu kandi (cyangwa) mubintu byimitungo itimukanwa hamwe nigice cyimitungo itimukanwa. .
Ninde ufite abanyamigabane nkabo
Kugirango umuguzi ameze imitungo itimukanwa irimo kubakwa, ibintu bikurikira birakenewe:- Amasezerano y'abanyamigabane yarangiye;
- Ishyaka risazi ntirigeze risohoza inshingano zakozwe mu masezerano yo kugira uruhare rurenze amezi 9. Kandi ntabwo yongereye ishoramari mukubaka inzu y'ibihe birenga bibiri bikoreshwa;
- Iterambere ntirisimbura kubaka ikintu;
- Inshingano zo kubaka isosiyete yubaka mbere yuko abanyamigabane badafite umutekano ningwate rya banki cyangwa ubwishingizi bwinshingano rusange.
Nyamuneka menya: Rimwe na rimwe, ndetse no kuboneka kwamasezerano yo kwitabira buringaniye mu kubaka ntashobora kurinda abaguzi-abanyamigabane. Amategeko ya Federal No 214-FZ "kugira ngo yitabiriwe no kubaka inyubako z'inzu n'ibindi bintu bitimukanwa" (Amategeko No 214-FZ) ntabwo arinda abanyamigabane niba:
- Mu nzu yubatswe, aho hantu hagurishijwe inshuro nyinshi;
- Inzu yubatswe ku mugambi udahabwa cyangwa gukodesha;
- Inzu yubatswe ku mugambi aho bitemewe;
- Inzu yubatswe hamwe no kurenga kuri gahunda yo gutegura umujyi, ibisabwa n'umushinga.
Ihohoterwa ry'abanyamigabane n'inshingano zayo (urugero, bishoboka ko kwanga kunganya umwanzuro cyangwa kubona ibihano byo kurenga ku rukiko) gishobora kuganisha ku rukiko ruzabanga kurinda uburenganzira niba kamere mbi ya ibikorwa byashyizweho.
Ibibazo byubwubatsi Bwiza
Mubyukuri, imitego iragaragara kubantu bose bize yitonze iyi gahunda yo gushora imari.
Plus ya gahunda iragaragara: Umuguzi yakira imitungo itimukanwa kuri 30-40 ihendutse kuruta igiciro cyisoko; Iterambere ryakira amafaranga yo kubaka ibintu byimitungo itimukanwa numuyoboro wo gushyira mubikorwa ibicuruzwa byarangiye.
Kubwamahirwe, ishoramari nkiryo rihora rifitanye isano ningaruka nyinshi. Ubwitonzi buto burasanzwe, ntabwo buri gihe gahunda ikorwa neza. Ariko, bibaho ko iterambere ryibasiye byumwihariko kurangiza kubaka cyangwa gukurura umwanya wo kwinjira munzu.
Yemejwe mu mategeko 2005 No 214-FZ yamenyesheje kubuza abatera imbere kugira ngo abehongerera mbere yo kwakira impushya; Nategetse abatera imbere kwiyandikisha mu masezerano Amasezerano n'ibihano ku kudasohozwa, ndetse no kwiyandikisha buri masezerano yo kwitabira buringaniye (DDU) kugirango akureho ibicuruzwa bibiri.
Ariko, ibi ntibyari bihagije kandi impinduka zatangiye kumenyekanisha impinduka.
Ubwa mbere, kubaka imiturire bigomba gutandukana nibindi bikorwa hamwe nibikorwa byo kubuzwa kubateza imbere kugirango ibikorwa bidahuye nibikorwa byumushinga.
Icya kabiri, ihame rya "Isosiyete imwe ni uruhushya rumwe rwinyubako" rugomba kubahirizwa. Muri icyo gihe, kubaka hamwe no kwitabira abantu benshi birabujijwe. Muri icyo gihe, abaterankunga banini ntibazashobora gutanga imirimo yabo ku nyubako z'abana kugira ngo bakore imishinga myinshi icyarimwe, kuko uburambe bugomba kuba nibura imyaka 3 (byibuze nka rwiyemezamirimo cyangwa umukiriya).
Icya gatatu, ibikorwa byuwayitezi bigomba guherekezwa nikigo cyagenwe cya banki. Konti za sosiyete, umukiriya wa tekiniki na rwiyemezamirimo rusange bigomba gufungurwa muri banki imwe.
Icya kane, ibisabwa kugirango izina ryubucuruzi ryumutekano wubuyobozi kandi abitabiriye amahugurwa bakomeza. Mu bashinze abashinzwe iterambere ntibashobora kuba mu maso hamwe no kumenya ibintu bitamenyekana cyangwa bidasanzwe, ndetse n'abo batumye guhomba mu gihombo.
Isosiyete igomba kubona umwanzuro w'ikizamini ndetse no ku nyubako nkeya ziyongera, kutigira imyenda (usibye inguzanyo zigamije kubaka). Mu kigo cyinguzanyo cya banki yemewe cya banki, amafaranga agomba kubikwa byibuze 10% yikiguzi cyubwubatsi (parasute yihariye, igomba kurindwa kandi itezimbere mugihe cyo gukonjesha cyangwa guhomba).
Icya gatanu, amategeko ashyiraho imipaka y'amafaranga yabanjirije abayitezi ku rufatiro rw'umusimba, kwishyura serivisi z'ubuyobozi, serivisi z'isosiyete y'ubuyobozi, serivisi, serivisi za kongo, gukodesha, gukodesha, gukodesha. Iyi mipaka ni 10% yikiguzi cyo kubaka.
Nigute wahitamo isosiyete yizewe
Niba ugiye kugura inzu mu nzu irimo kubakwa:- Wige amakuru aboneka kubyerekeye abaterana, reba izina ryayo.
- Inzira yoroshye yo kwemeza ko uzasoma kuri enterineti, - kujya ku nyubako zose kandi urebe ko akazi kakozwe.
- Mbere yo gushyira umukono ku masezerano yo kugira uruhare mu kubaka, soma witonze, ntukihute.
- Niba ufite gushidikanya na gato, reba abanyamategeko bagufasha kumva ibintu byose byemewe n'amategeko.
Ibisabwa bishya kubateza imbere
Kugeza ku munsi, amasezerano n'abatabiriye ba mbere mu bijyanye no kubaka abashinzwe iterambere bitarenze iminsi 14 ategekwa gutangaza mu bitangazamakuru cyangwa kuri interineti itanga amakuru yerekeye isosiyete n'umushinga.
Iterambere itegekwa gutanga ikwirakwizwa kubyo yasabye:
- Uruhushya rwo kubaka;
- Tekiniki n'ubukungu by'umushinga;
- Umwanzuro wibizamini bya leta byinyandiko zumushinga;
- Inyandiko z'umushinga, zirimo impinduka zose zabikozweho;
- Inyandiko zemeza amategeko yo kubateza imbere mubutaka.
Agomba kandi gushora imari mu mushinga amafaranga yayo mugihe cyibura kimwe cya gatatu cyingengo yimari yumushinga; Amafaranga akururwa nabanyamigabane agomba kugenda neza kugirango ishyirwe mubikorwa umushinga runaka, kandi nta handi.
Ibisabwa kugira ngo bigerweho
Dukurikije dtu, uruhande rumwe (loshler) kwiyemeza kwishyura igiti gihamye mu nyandiko no gukurikiza ikintu cyiteguye, kandi ikindi kintu cyiyemeje kubaka no gutanga iki kintu ku masezerano ateganijwe n'amasezerano.Amasezerano agomba kubahiriza:
- kugena ikintu cyihariye cyubwubatsi busangiwe hakurikijwe ibyangombwa byumushinga niterambere;
- Kugaragaza igihe ntarengwa cyo kwimura ikintu cyubaka uburinganire kubanyamigabane;
- Amakuru yerekeye igiciro cyamasezerano, igihe no gutondekanya;
- Amakuru ku gihe cya garanti akora mubijyanye nikintu kirimo kubakwa.
Mugihe udahari byibuze kimwe mumagambo yashyizwe ku rutonde, amasezerano afatwa nkutemewe. Buri DDU igomba kwandikwa muri gahunda ya Rosreestra yo mukarere kugirango yirinde kugurisha kabiri.
Umunyamigabane afite uburenganzira bwo guhagarika amasezerano nabi, niba, nk'urugero:
- Hariho ibibazo byamagambo;
- Ibisabwa kugirango ubwiza bwimitungo itimukanwa irenze ku buryo bugaragara;
- Igenamigambi ry'amazu riteganijwe n'umushinga wambere urahinduka.
Mugihe habaye amasezerano, uwateje imbere ategekwa gusubiza amafaranga gusa kubanyamigabane gusa, ahubwo anashishikazwa no gukoresha amafaranga yatijwe mugihe cyimibare ya 1/150 ya Banki Nkuru ya Banki Nkuru, ikora ku munsi wo gusohoza inshingano zo kugaruka amafaranga yatanzwe nabanyamigabane. Muri icyo gihe, isosiyete irashobora guhagarika amasezerano mu rukiko nyuma y'amezi 3.
Inshingano zo guhindura igihe ntarengwa
Iterambere rirasabwa kohereza ikintu kubatabiriye urwego rusanzwe bitarenze iryo jambo riteganijwe na Masezerano. Igihe cyo kohereza cyateganijwe ku bitabiriye amahugurwa bose, ni imwe.Niba inzira yatinze, uwateguwe asabwa kwishyura igihano (igihano) kubaguzi ku ya 1/75 igipimo cya Banki Nkuru ya Banki Nkuru y'Uburusiya, ikora ku munsi wo gusohoza inshingano, ku giciro y'amasezerano kuri buri munsi wo gutinda.
Mugihe bidashoboka kubaka inzu mumasezerano yanditse mu masezerano, isosiyete itegetswe amezi 2. Mu nyandiko kugirango umenyeshe abanyamigabane kandi tekereza kugira icyo mpindura amasezerano.
Byongeye kandi, DDD ishyiraho amagambo amwe yo kwimura umutungo utimukanwa kubashoramari batimukanwa nyuma yo guhabwa uruhushya rwo gushinga inzu.
Dukurikije amategeko No 214 - FZ, uwateguwe ategekwa kwimurira inzu yose kubakiriya amezi 2. Nyuma yo kwakira Komisiyo ya Leta.
Ikigega cy'indishyi cyo kurinda abanyamigabane
Kugira ngo ubwishingizi bw'inshingano z'abaterankunga bashinzwe abateranyweho buzabaho amasezerano ahari aho kugira ngo indishyi.
Ibigo byose bigurisha amazu mugihe cyubwubatsi bigomba gukurikiza amategeko bigomba kwimurirwa mu kigega cy'indishyi kugira ngo gitange inshingano zijyanye n'amasezerano 1.2% by'igiciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya buri giciro cya. Amategeko ateganya gusuzuma buri mwaka inshingano yo guhindura ubunini bw'isuzuma ry'isuzuma, ariko ntabwo birushijeho igihe 1 kumwaka.
Amafaranga yikigega cyindishyi azerekeza kurangiza ibintu byimitungo itimukanwa. Umuyobozi Umuyobozi mukuru w'indishyi w'ikigo cy'imiturire n'inguzanyo y'inguzanyo (Ahml). Ni ngombwa cyane ko umurimo wa Fondasiyo utarimo gukusanya umubare runaka, birakenewe gusa ku buryo bitanga ingufu z'amafaranga y'ingaruka zihari.
Umubare ntarengwa w'amafaranga ashoboka agenwa hashingiwe ku gace k'abikoresho byose byubatswe n'ikiguzi cya metero kare y'amazu muri uyu mutungo. Mugihe kimwe, ahantu hamwe ninzego yuburinganire ntigishobora kurenga 120 m², kandi igiciro cya m² 1 ntigishobora kuba hejuru ugereranije nisoko risa ku isoko ryibanze mukarere kamwe.
Ikigega cy'indishyi kizafasha kurengera uburenganzira bw'abanyamigabane bashya; Kugirango dufashe abo yifuza guhura ningorane, abayobozi b'akarere bashushanyije ibishushanyo byo kurangiza ibintu, byerekana igihe hamwe nuburyo bwo gukemura.
Niba uwateje imbere yambuwe
Igihe cyose cyo guhomba cyagabanijwe no gukuraho inzira zo kugarura amafaranga no gutegura ibikorwa byakozwe n'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubukemurampaka n'urukiko rwo guhomba. Inzira ya mbere imenyerejwe uburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro uhiganwa, mugihe umuyobozi wabigize umwuga agomba kuyobora isosiyete ibehomba, isanzwe ifite uburambe mububiko. Umuyobozi mushya wahombye ayobora ibaruwa kubanyamigabane aho ubundi buryo hamwe na algorithm yibikorwa bizasobanurwa.
Amategeko "yo guhomba" ashyiraho ko ibisabwa n'abanyamigabane bose bigaragarira umuyobozi w'Amarushanwa, kandi atari mu rukiko rw'ubukemurampaka no kuva mu gihe kitari amezi 2. Kuva ku munsi wakiriye kumenyesha umuyobozi urushanwe. Umuyobozi abona ibisabwa kandi ayirimo muri rejisitiri.
Niba, mugihe cyibikorwa byo guhomba, impamvu zihagije zigaragara ko yizera ko umwenda uteza umwenda ashobora kugarurwa, inzibacyuho yo gucunga hanze birashoboka.
Umuyobozi urushanwa ategekwa gukora ibikorwa bikenewe kugirango ashakishe kandi akurura undi ukora. Hariho ubundi buryo - inama y'abanyamigabane ifite uburenganzira bwo gufata umwanzuro ku buryo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa inshingano zo gusohoza inshingano zo kwakira indishyi mu kigega cy'indishyi. Byongeye kandi, birakenewe ko yishyura ibisabwa yimura ibivugwa mubiteganijwe mubiteganijwe mubintu byikintu cyubwubatsi butarangiye cyangwa ihererekanyabutumwa (niba ikintu kimaze kubakwa). Icyemezo gifatirwa kuri buri nzu irimo kubakwa, inama rusange y'abakodesha izaza, ni ngombwa kubona icyemezo cya ¾ cy'abanyamigabane.
Nyamuneka Icyitonderwa: Mu gihombo cyumutezimbere, icyiciro cyintege nke za ba nyiri umutungo ni ba nyir'umutungo ni ba nyir'ibibanza bidatuye, harimo n'inzu.
Umugambi w'ubutaka n'inzu urimo ubwubatswe hamwe n'abitabiriye uburinganire kugeza ubwo uwazamuye asohoza inshingano zayo; Muri icyo gihe, nyirubwite rw'imitungo itimukanwa akomeza abanyamigabane mugihe cyo kwiyandikisha amasezerano yo kwitabira buringaniye.
Konti ya Escrow
Eskrow - Umwihariko wo kubitsa bisabwa, aho dogeresi zikusanyiriza kugeza iyubakwa ry'inzu rirangiye. Konti ya EScrow mu Burusiya yagaragaye muri 2014, ariko yakoresheje iyi gahunda muri 2018.
Inyungu ku mafaranga yashyizwe kuri konti ya ESCROw ntabwo yishyurwa, na banki aho konti zimwe zifunguye, ntabwo zahawe igihembo. Mubyukuri, konte ya escrow ni kubitsa kubuntu, amafaranga yahagaritswe mugihe kitarenze umunsi yashyikirizwa icyo kintu mu imenyekanisha ryaganjeho wongeyeho amezi 6. Iyo ukoresheje konti za Escrow, abanyamigabane batemera ibyago byubukungu bifitanye isano numutezabikorwa runaka, kandi bagafata ibyago kuri banki yemewe gusa, bagomba kubasubiza mu manza zitanzwe n'amategeko. Mugihe banki yatangajwe ko ihomba, uwatezimbere yasubije amasezerano na banki nshya, amafaranga yubwishingizi azimurirwa kuri konti nshya.
Isosiyete yakira amafaranga kuri konti za Exoruum nyuma yo kwinjira kugirango ukore kandi iyandikishe uburenganzira bwo gutunga byibuze inzu imwe.
Bisobanura hamwe na konti za Escrow zirashobora guhindurwa haba ku nshingano z'isosiyete ku masezerano y'inguzanyo, cyangwa urutonde rw'uwatanze inguzanyo mu rubanza iyo kubaka byakozwe ku mafranga yatijwe.
Igihe cya garanti - Imyaka 5
Ibikoresho byitwa Gusaba Kurandura Kuregwa Indero zamenyekanye cyangwa kugabanya igiciro cyinzu kumafaranga akwiye. Byongeye kandi, abanyamigabane barashobora gusaba indishyi zikoreshwa kugirango zikureho ibitagenda neza.Ibyiringiro byo guhanga udushya
Kuva ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2019, impinduka ku Mategeko ya Leta No 214-FZ yatangiye gukora yuzuye. Ubwubatsi busangiwe bugomba gusimburwa numushinga, kwiyandikisha bigomba gushyirwaho (bizafasha kugenzura kwizerwa kwumutezimbere).
Ikindi kandi kuva ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2019, uburyo bwo kugurisha amazu mu nyubako nshya byarahindutse. Dukurikije amategeko, isosiyete izakira amafaranga ntabwo yakiriye abanyamigabane gukomeza kubaka, ariko kuva mu mabanki yemewe no kubika kuri konti za ESCROW.
Ariko ntabwo abaterankunga bose bazakora muriyi gahunda. Ukurikije imyanzuro, abaterankunga barashobora kugurisha amazu yimiterere ya kera, niba murugo biteguye byibuze 30% - ndetse numubare wamasezerano yasojwe - bitarenze 10%. Abayahudi bahimbye mumitungo itimukanwa, bamaze kubona ko abaterana bashaka Gahunda ya Bypass, mugushyira mubikorwa abaguzi b'umutungo ntibazinjira kuri DDD.
Gusa amasezerano yo kwitabira ingano arashobora kwemeza kurengera uburenganzira bwumugabane, nuko umuguzi ntashobora kwemera icyifuzo cyumushinga kugirango atange fagitire aho, cyangwa amasezerano yo gukorera amategeko, cyangwa amasezerano yifata.
Impuguke mu mpande zemera ko impinduka mu mategeko No 214 - FZ zizahatira amasosiyete mato n'abiciriritse ku isoko, kubera ko intego yo guhanga udushya ari uzwi cyane. Ku rundi ruhande, iki kibazo gishobora gutera impinduka zikomeye mu isoko ry'inguzanyo z'inguzanyo, guhatira amabanki gutanga ibisubizo byinama byunguka kubashaka kugura amazu.
