Ubwishingizi bw'imiturire ni ngombwa kuri uyu munsi. Reka tuganire kuri politiki yubwishingizi nimanza zikorwa indishyi cyangwa zitakozwe.
Inzu yawe nibintu biri muriyo biherereye? Igisubizo cyiza ubu bigaragara kubaturage benshi bo mugihugu cyacu. AB ibihugu byateye imbere byari kuvuza ikibazo nk'iki: mu Burayi na Amerika, umutungo wimukanwa n'imitungo iyo ari yo yose kandi utimukanwa ufite ubwishingizi, ndetse na ngombwa byanze bikunze, kandi akenshi byanze bikunze, kandi akenshi byanze bikunze.
Muri 2004 Ikinyamakuru cyacu cyakemuye ingingo y'ubwishingizi bw'imiturire kabiri. Mu kiganiro "kure, guhangayika!" Hariho imvugo n'ibitekerezo byubwishingizi, ingaruka zubwishingizi n'imanza, amafaranga n'amahembe, inkoranyamagambo yazanwe. Mu kiganiro "Abapangayi bashinzwe cyane" twavuze kubishoboka kandi tugengwa no kubwubwishingizi bwinshingano rusange mugihe cyo kuvugurura no gucumura, ndetse no mugihe cyo gukora amazu.
Uyu munsi tuzasobanura muburyo burambuye kubyerekeye ubwishingizi bwamazu: Dushyira mubikorwa gahunda zubwishingizi bwibigo bitandukanye, dukemura, nibyago bigomba kwishingikishwa nibi cyangwa umutungo, twiga uburyo ikiguzi cya Politiki nacyo, kandi nacyo Reba imanza zitangwa zakozwe cyangwa zitishyuwe zakozwe.
Dmitry Maslov, umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'ubwishingizi bw'umutungo, Visi-Perezida wa Sosiyete ya Rosgosstrakh:
"Iterabwoba ry'inyubako n'ibiryo ririmo rishobora kuba dutandukanye: Ubujura, Umwuzure, umuriro. Niba tuvuze ko hateguwe imitungo iyo ari yo yose, tutishoboye kubona ubwishingizi bw'imitungo yo mu rugo, noneho hano ibyago bisanzwe ni Ubujura, kandi niba bijyanye no kwishingira amazi imbere birangira cyangwa biturutse ku murina. Niba hari ibyago bishyizwe mu masezerano, iyo mpamvu, uyu mukiriya yagabanije inshingano zayo z'amafaranga ku baturanyi ( Kurugero, mugihe cyamazi atunguranye imiyoboro yintoki). "
Sergey Stepanov, umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe ubwishingizi bw'umutungo ":
"Umutungo utimukanwa urashaka kurinda abafite amagorofa mu nyubako nshya n'abapanganyi ba kera. Ariko buri mugorofa ufite ingaruka nshya. Abatuye mu nyubako nshya ni ngombwa cyane kwishingikiriza (inzu y'urupfu rwuzuye), ni ukuvuga inkuta mu buryo butaziguye. Nyuma ya byose, inzu izakomeza gutura. Abandi bakodesha bafatana amategeko kandi bakureho inkuta. Kubera inkuta. Nkibisubizo, ubwishingizi bwingenzi nubwishingizi bwabaturage kandi bwingirakamaro. Mu bigo byinshi byashyizwe muri gahunda yubwishingizi bwinzu isanzwe. Bafite amazu mu mazu ashaje, aho hashyizweho amazi akomeye hamwe na sisitemu yo kwiringa, birakwiye ko yita ku ngaruka z'ikirere n'umuriro. Byongeye kandi, nyirubwite agomba kumenyekana nka Ingano yubwishingizi, kandi guhitamo ingaruka biterwa ahanini na leta yinzu ikorerwa ubwishingizi. Nibyiza cyane ko ibikorwa byayo ni ngombwa: Hanze, hari Li Umuriro n'umutekano Umutekano It.D. Niba wimukiye munzu, umaze kubakwa hashize imyaka itandatu kandi nta bintu biteye akaga biri kuruhande, nko kubakwa cyangwa ikibuga cy'indege, ntushobora kwishingira urukuta rwubaka (ushikamye. Ariko, mubyatubayeho, hari ingaruka zose. "
Artem Spark, Umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubwishingizi bw'umutungo w'abantu bo muri sosiyete Rosno:
"Kugeza ubu gushimisha ibyumba by'ubwishingizi. Ba nyirubwite bashaka kurinda umutungo wabo utimukanwa, ndetse ninshingano zubwitungirwa nibibazo bye. Umuntu wahisemo kwishingira imitungo ye mubisanzwe ahitamo paki, Umuriro, Bay, Ibikorwa by'amahanga by'abandi bantu n'ingaruka z'abandi bantu n'ingaruka bitera kumwenyura, nko kugwa mu ndege n'ibiza. "Ingagi zikaba ari shyanga mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya."
Gahunda y'ubwishingizi bw'Ubwishingizi
Mubigo bitandukanye, bafite amazina ntanubwo, ariko muri rusange gahunda nyinshi zirasa. Reka tugerageze gusesengura ibyifuzo byabatishingizi. Gahunda zose z'ubwishingizi (cyangwa, nkuko abanyamwuga bavuga, ibicuruzwa byubwishingizi) birashobora kugabanywa mumatsinda abiri yingenzi. Inyandiko yambere ya kera, itanga ibisobanuro bya kabiri. Itandukaniro ryibanze ryibanze rigizwe nurwego rwihariye: kimwe kijyanye no kutumvikana hagati yabo, ibikoresho byumwanditsi nibikoresho byumutwe cyangwa canteri hamwe nicyapa.Ubwishingizi bwa kera butanga uburyo ku giti cye kubakiriya n'umutungo wacyo: Kugenzura akarere k'ubwishingizi ku bahagarariye isosiyete, gusuzuma agaciro k'umutungo n'ubwishingizi bwigenga cyane, guhitamo ibibazo byinshi by'ubwishingizi, bishushanya ibarura ryinshi , amahirwe yo guhindura amasezerano mugihe cyubwishingizi, nibindi. Birumvikana, birumvikana, inzira, ariko nanihaga kandi witeguye kwiyitaho neza kandi biteguye kwishyura amafaranga.
Ku buryo bunyuranye, ubwishingizi bwa Express buratandukanye ugereranije nigiciro gito. Igishushanyo kimwe gifata byibuze. Imanza zikabije zanaga mbere yo kwitabira ibiro by'isosiyete y'ubwishingizi, politiki yuzuye izaguha akazi cyangwa murugo. Ingano ntoya yubwishingizi no kubura ubugenzuzi nuburyo bwo gusuzuma umutungo birasobanurwa ningingo zisanzwe zubu bwoko bwubwishingizi: Abakiriya bose bakoreshwa muburyo bumwe. Noneho, ibyo bicuruzwa byubwishingizi (mubisanzwe byinjijwe) mubyukuri byoroshye, kandi ingaruka zubwishingizi zirimo muri zo zirasanzwe.
Ingano ya premium yubwishingizi biterwa nibitekerezo bitandukanye. ANAPRALIS - Ku gaciro k'umutungo wishingiwe n'ubunini bwa kamerari byakoreshejwe, byashyizweho munsi y'iki kintu cy'ubwishingizi muri sosiyete runaka. Igiciro cya politiki kibarwa nkigikorwa cyubwinshi bwubwishingizi (uhagarariye isosiyete mubwishingizi bwa kera cyangwa umukiriya yatangajwe numukiriya we mugihe cyo kugura politiki yibanze) hamwe nubwishingizi.
Rero, gahunda zubwishingizi bya kera zitanga amahirwe yo guhitamo ikintu cyubwishingizi. Mu nyungu, iyi ni yo nzu ubwayo (ni ukuvuga, ibintu byayo), umutungo wacyo urangira kandi wimukanwa uherereye imbere.
Kubaka ("agasanduku") . Iki kintu cyubwishingizi gifite akamaro cyane cyane abafite amazu hamwe nibiti / bivanze byuzuye, kimwe n'amazu meza. Numuriro ukomeye, urakaze, nkitegeko, ntagorofa imwe, no guturika kwa gaze murugo hari kurimbuka burundu inyubako. Izi ngaruka zirakenewe kandi mu nyubako nshya, kubera ko buri nyubako isabwa umwaka, cyangwa no mu myaka itari mike ku rubavu, n'ibindi. Gutanga ibintu by'inyubako kubera ibi bintu bisanzwe cyangwa amakosa y'abamwubatsi batagira umutishoboye bashobora kubabara. Ibyago bisanzwe byashyizweho kubintu byubakaga byinzu mubisanzwe bireba inzira nko muri sosiyete "rosno" (gahunda "megapolis")):
umuriro;
Igisasu cya gaze;
gukubita inkuba;
Indege igwa.
Ubwishingizi bwuzuye muri iyi sosiyete ikubiyemo ibyago (hiyongereyeho urutonde):
Ibikorwa bitemewe byabandi bantu (harimo nibikorwa batitaye kubandi bantu);
Ikigobe (amazi);
ibyago.
Agaciro keza k'igishushanyo kigenwa hashingiwe ku gaciro k'isoko ry'inyubako bitewe n'ahantu ,.p. Mugihe cyo kubaho mubintu byizewe, nyir'igorofa agomba kuba ashobora kubona igorofa. Igiciro cya Politiki, cyangwa Ahubwo, igipimo cy'ubwishingizi ku bwishingizi bw'ibanze n'ubwuzuzanye, birumvikana ko bitandukanye. Kurugero, muriki gihe, bagize 0.15 na 0.25% yubwishingizi bwizewe.
Kurangiza . Buri muntu usanzwe akunda ubuturo bwe kandi nuburyo bugerageza kumwitaho. Dushyize ubugingo mu mitego y'inkuta, igitsina no gusenge, kugura amadirishya mashya, guhindura amadirishya n'inzugi, ibirahuri bilconi. Ibyo twakoze byose mu nzu bigwa mu gitekerezo cy '"kurangiza" (mu masosiyete menshi, ikintu cy'ubwishingizi cyitwa - "kurangiza n'ibikoresho").
Ikintu cyose kiba gifite amazu, kurangiza buri gihe birababara, bityo tuzakenera gushora imari. Urashobora kubona gusa gusubizwa bihagije kubikorwa byubwishingizi gusa niba ubanza, kurwego rwo kwandikisha amasezerano, ireme kandi ikiguzi cyo kurangiza neza uhagarariye umwishingizi cyangwa umuhanga wigenga (ukurikije , yagaragaye mubaremake cy'amafaranga y'ubwishingizi n'ikiguzi cya politiki). Nibihe bya sisitemu yo kugabana mubyiciro byimitako yimbere bikoreshwa mubikorwa ninzobere za sosiyete ROSGOSSTRAKH: Stregosstrakh: Ibisanzwe, byateye imbere kandi byamamara. Hahindutse, na we, igabanijwemo Euroneensultsy, Euroneensulensultswaga kandi yoroshye ya Eurofulied. Akenshi, kurangiza ntizishingiwe wenyine, ariko hamwe numutungo wubaka cyangwa utwarwa. Ingaruka, zifite akamaro mugihe uhinduye iherezo, uri hafi yibyo mugihe wishingikirije "agasanduku" k'umuriro: umuriro, ikigobe cya gaze ni.
Umutungo wimukanwa . Guhitamo iki kintu cyubwishingizi, ni ngombwa kumva ko ibintu nibintu bikubiye mububaruka (kandi ni kimwe mu bigize amasezerano yubwishingizi), bafite ubwishingizi muriki cyumba. Ingingo ihuye mumasezerano yerekanwa na aderesi nyayo yinzu, mubisanzwe yitwa "Ifasi yubwishingizi" no kubivuga. Ingaruka nyinshi zifatika zimitungo yimukanwa - ibyaha bitandukanye. Kurugero, muburyo busanzwe bwasojwe nabakiriya muri sosiyete "Irembo rya Spassky", ubwoko bubiri bukurikira bwemewe n'amategeko: Ubujura (burimo ubujura nubujura hamwe nibikorwa bitemewe nabandi bantu (HOOLIGAANIsm) .
Kwishyura mu gihe cy'ubwishingizi muri izi ngaruka z'ikigo zishyurwa gusa hashingiwe ku nyandiko zerekana urubanza rw'inshinjabyaha n'inzego z'inshinjabyaha.
Birumvikana ko umutungo wimukanwa udashingira gusa kubikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi gusa, ahubwo no mubindi byiringiro byinshi: umuriro, ibiza, ibiza, ibyangiritse, nibindi, hamwe no kubyangiritse byuzuye ibyago. Ntushobora na rimwe guhanura ibizaba ku nzu yacu n'ibizaza mu gihe kizaza.
Politiki yubwishingizi bwubwishingizi bwubwishingizi bwubwishingizi (ubwishingizi bwa Express) . Biroroshye kubategura, ariko bahendutse. Mubisanzwe inzu yose ihita iba ako kanya ikintu cyubwishingizi: Inyubako yubaka, irangira, yimukanwa. Akenshi, inshingano za Kane za kane mu mirimo y'amazu nayo yongewe kuri izi ngingo eshatu. Urashobora guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bushingiye ku gaciro kagereranijwe k'umutungo wawe kandi bivuze ikiguzi cya politiki yubwishingizi. Byongeye kandi, uwanyuma azaba make ugereranije nubwishingizi bwa kera (mubyukuri, mu bwihekerera bwawe ubwabwo kandi niyo nyungu nyamukuru y'ibicuruzwa byose byinjijwe). Kuzigama birashobora kugera kuri 50-70%.
Birumvikana ko Risikset hamwe nubwishingizi ntarengwa bwubwishingizi kuri buri kintu cyubwishingizi ari gito. Ariko uburyo butandukanye bwo guhitamo mugihe icyo ari cyo cyose ni kinini. Kurugero, politiki ya "RGS-Express Inyuguti" ya Rusgosstrakh mugihe ari iy'amategeko "byihuse", nyamara bitanga amahirwe yo guhitamo kuva 11 akemuwe kandi arenga 3.!) Amahitamo y'Ubwishingizi 3.300. Yipri uyu mubwishingizi ashushanyije muminota mike, nta nyandiko yanditse yumukiriya, utagenzuye ikintu cyubwishingizi kandi nta gutegura birangiye kandi nimitungo yo murugo. Kandi, reka tuvuge ko gahunda ya Alfasiti ya Alfactour ikubiyemo imbaraga zubwishingizi, ugereranije nibihimbano hamwe nibigo byuzuye mubwishingizi bwa kera.
Ibiciro byubwishingizi bwuruganda rwibanze
(muri% yubwishingizi bwize)
| Ikintu cyubwishingizi / isosiyete | Inzu idafite imitako (kubaka. Ibintu) | Kurangiza | Umutungo wimukanwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rosgosstrakh | Kuva 0.18 * | Kuva 0.4 * | Kuva 0.5 * |
| "Alla Yamaakhovanie" | 0.135-0.25 ** / 0.2 *** | 0.6 *** | 0.25-0.4 **** / 0.85 *** *** |
| "Rosno" | 0.15-0.25 | 0.4-0.6 | 0.55-0-05 |
| "Ubuyobozi busanzwe" | 0.22-0.54 | 0.37-1.25 | 0.3-1,66 |
| Irembo rya Spassky | 0.2-0.45 | 0.9-1,4 | 0.8-2.0 |
| "URUBANZA" | 0.2-0.35 | 0.4-0.9 | 0.4-0.9 |
| "Max" | 0.38-0.75 | 0.2-0.78 | 0.2-0.9 |
| * - Isosiyete ya ROSGOSTRAKH ifite urusobe rw'ibikorwa; Indangagaciro ntarengwa zamayobera yubwishingizi mu turere dutandukanye biratandukanye; ** - Hamwe no Gutambagiza muri gahunda zubwishingizi bwubwishingizi Byuzuye; *** - muri gahunda zubwishingizi bwa kera; **** - Muri gahunda zubwishingizi bwubwishingizi |
Ingano yubwishingizi (umusanzu) biterwa nubwinshi bwibintu bitandukanye. ANAPRALIS - Ku gaciro k'umutungo wishingiwe n'ubunini bwa kamerari byakoreshejwe, byashyizweho munsi y'iki kintu cy'ubwishingizi muri sosiyete runaka. Igiciro cya politiki kibarwa nkigikorwa cyubwinshi bwubwishingizi (uhagarariye isosiyete mubwishingizi bwa kera cyangwa umukiriya yatangajwe numukiriya we mugihe cyo kugura politiki yibanze) hamwe nubwishingizi. Aon na we, yiyemeza ukurikije ibihe byinshi byubwishingizi. Nk'uko byatangajwe n'umutwe w'abahanzi, umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubwishingizi bw'umutungo "Rosno", iyo kubara buri mucuruzi, igihe cyo hasi kandi cyongera coefficient ikoreshwa na ubu bunini). Buri sosiyete itezimbere uburyo bwayo bwo kumenya ibiciro byubwishingizi, nkibisubizo byanyuma bishobora gutandukana na 5-10% kuruhande rwigabanuka (impuruza yumuriro, inkoni kumadirishya, umutungo wicyuma, amasezerano yumurimo wimbere Ibyingenzi.) Cyangwa mu cyerekezo cyo gukuza (amagorofa y'ibiti, gaze, umwaka wo kubaka, kuboneka kwa sauna yacyo.p.).
Ubwishingizi bwibanze
Abaturage ba Moscou baruta abandi baturage bo mugihugu cyacu bamenyereye ingingo yibikoresho byuyu munsi. Arumirwa kuva 1996. Hariho gahunda yubwishingizi bwizura ryamazu, ntabwo biremereye cyane ku nsanganyamatsiko yabaturage kandi icyarimwe byoroshye kubyumva. Amakomine ya Moscou n'amasosiyete menshi y'ubwishingizi, harimo amarembo ya Spaskit na Max, agira uruhare hamwe.
"Abascovite benshi bibagirwa gusa ko bafite amahirwe yo kwishingira icumbi ryabo ku gipimo cyibanze. Birakenewe gusa kwishyura amafaranga yubwishingizi bwa buri kwezi, tuba ari ngombwa kugirango twishyure ubwishingizi" mu nyandiko imwe yo kwishyura. Ingano ya Umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe ubwishingizi bw'ishami ry'ubwishingizi bw'umutungo w'ishami rishinzwe ubwishingizi bw'umutungo. - Mu ru rwego rw'ishami rishinzwe ubwishingizi bw'umutungo mu ntara 2005. - Mu rubanza rwa mbere , ikiguzi cy'ubwishingizi kigereranijwe (ni ukuvuga umubare ntarengwa wo kwishyura urupfu rwuzuye) rwo gutura mu byumba 13500Rub. Amafaranga yubwishingizi arashobora kwishyurwa buri kwezi, ariko rimwe mumwaka. Muri iki kibazo, agaciro kayo ni 7.2-10.8. Kuri 1h2, kandi umuntu yakiriye politiki yubwishingizi bwihariye.
Uruziga rw'abashobora kuba abishingizi guhera 2005 Ndetse. Noneho uburenganzira bwo kwishingira inzu ye kuri gahunda yibanze, ntabwo yanditswe kuri aderesi yumwanya wubuzima. Bifitanye isano n'inzu ifite umujyi hanyuma wimuriwe ku ikoreshwa mu masezerano yo kugurisha hamwe no kwishyura, urugero, ku bijyanye na gahunda y'umujyi "umuryango uhendutse"; amazu yimuriwe n'umujyi mu miryango yo gukodesha kandi Ibigo. Byongeye kandi, ubwishingizi bwibintu bwabaye ibibanza byo gutura biherereye mumazu bikambara kumubiri hejuru ya 60%.
Ikiguzi nkiki cya Politiki yubwishingizi (ni amafaranga 30-45 gusa. Ahumetswe ninzu hamwe na 50m2) ikomeje kubera inkunga zubutegetsi bwa Metropolita. Ariko, ibyago byashyizwe mumazu afite ubwishingizi nayo bugarukira. Ubwishingizi butangwa mugihe habaye impanuka imiyoboro yimbere, gutanga amazi, gushyushya hamwe na sisitemu yimyanda; umuriro; Igisasu cya gaze; Kwinjira mumazi biturutse kubikorwa byemewe kugirango ukureho umuriro; Umuyaga Ukomeye, igihuhusi, tornadow, carnall.p. Mugihe usenya inzu yubwishingizi cyangwa kumenya bidakwiriye kubaho, indi nzu itangwa. Umubare w'indishyi z'igihombo kuri gahunda ibanziriza iba nto. Amafaranga yishyuwe aragufasha kwishyura gusa amafaranga asanzwe yo gusana amazu yangiritse.
Iyo usoje amasezerano yubwishingizi, ni ngombwa kwerekana ibintu byose bifitanye isano (ni ibintu neza "ubusanzwe" ubusanzwe byitwa igice kijyanye). Ibi bizafasha neza kumenya neza igiciro, ahubwo no gukumira ibyo mutumvikanaho niba ari ngombwa kwishyura indishyi zubwishingizi. Kurugero, niba uhisemo kuzigama ku giciro cya politiki kandi ukaba utamenyesheje umwishingizi ko mu nzu yawe y'ibiti (kandi ibi ntibisanzwe mu mazu ya "Staliniste"), kandi inzu yawe yatwitse), kandi inzu yawe yatwitse), kandi inzu yawe yatwitse), kandi inzu yawe yatwitse), kandi inzu yawe yatwitse), kandi inzu yawe yatwitse), kandi inzu yawe yatwitse), kandi inzu yawe yatwitse rwose , Isosiyete irashobora kwanga kumenya ukuri k'urupfu rwuzuye kandi, kubera iyo mpamvu, ntukishyure umubare ntarengwa w'indishyi. Abishingizi bazatongana ko ku kuba ku magorofa y'ibiti, umuriro ugenda wihuta kuruta kuri beto, kandi bizaba byiza rwose.
Mugenzi "Ikigo gisanzwe" cyo Gukoresha Coefficient ikoreshwa mu gihe cya sisitemu z'umutekano, inkoni ku mutungo, imiryango y'icyuma, no kwiyongera kw'inyubako mu nzu yubatswe, hamwe n'umuyoboro cyangwa inkuta cyangwa inkuta, kimwe na Amazu yo gukodesha.
Sisitemu yo kugabanyirizwa nayo yatejwe imbere kumasosiyete. Bakunze gutangwa nibyiciro byihariye byabaturage nabakiriya basanzwe mugihe cyo kuramba no kubura amafaranga yinzu yubwishingizi imwe cyangwa inshuro nyinshi Ubwishingizi, ba nyiri iyi politiki yisosiyete imwe It.p. Ibigo bikabije bitanga kugabanyirizwa no kubakiriya bashya. Kugabanuka ntarengwa kuva mu giciro fatizo, kuzirikana kugabanywa, birashobora kuba 40%.
Kwishyura indishyi
"... Iyo bigeze ku birori bifite ubwishingizi, abantu bakomeye binjiye mu mukino - Abavoka n'inzobere. Niba dukora, twibanda gusa kubyerekeranye nabyo Abishingizi bavuga ko gutanga indishyi, umukiriya azadutererana. Astrakhel igomba kwizera ko inyungu zabo zizarindwa, "
Urubanza rwubwishingizi nigihe cyukuri kubigo byubwishingizi ndetse nabakiriya bayo. Icy'ingenzi ni uko umusubukira agomba kumenya, yahisemo guhabwa indishyi z'igihombo cye, - Amagambo ye yose agomba kwemezwa yanditse. Nubwo habaye icyo urubanza rwa kariho cyababaye mu nzu ye, ugomba gutanga ubuhamya mu buryo bujyanye n'ibyabaye. Ku kigobe, ugomba kuvugana na Zek, dez It.p. kandi ubone igikorwa gikwiye, mugihe usuzume, ntugerageze kuzimya, ariko ubyemeze kubara umuriro hanyuma ukabona umwanzuro wibyabaye, hamwe no kuvumbura bisanzwe, hafi niba Umuvuduko wumuyaga warenze 20m / s), hamwe nubujura cyangwa ubujura, usabe abapolisi, hanyuma ubone inyandiko kubishimishije cyangwa bitashimishije kuri iki kintu cyinshinjabyaha.
Rimwe na rimwe, abakiriya bategereje cyane abishingizi babo. Itose ni ugushinja Amasosiyete yubwishingizi ubwabo, ashuka abantu, itanga paradizo. Abakozi b'ubwishingizi baramutse bati: "Ugura politiki gusa, kandi nituguhe byose." Iyo bigeze mubibazo byishingiwe, abantu bakomeye binjira mumikino - abanyamategeko nimpuguke. Igikorwa cyabo nyamukuru nukugabanya ubwishyu bwakozwe na sosiyete. Ariko kurundi ruhande, nabo ni ngombwa kutabirenga. Umuvugizi umwe mu bigo bimwe byubwishingizi, abunganizi bose barakora, arumirwa atavugwaho rumwe, abahanga bigenga bakururwa. Nta bwishingizi Isosiyete ikora ku ihame. "Tunyuze mu icyuma cy'icyuma." Guhagarara, ubushobozi hamwe nuburyo bushyize mu gaciro ni ikintu utazatanga indishyi, mutazatanga indishyi, umukiriya izadusiga. Abazitira abashimusi bagomba kwiringira ko inyungu zabo zizarindwa. "
Harimo turashaka kuzana ingero ebyiri zerekana uburyo bwo gukemura ikibazo cyo kwishyura indishyi zubwishingizi. Ibirori byambere byishingiwe birakemuwe nyuma yo kubura. Iya kabiri, nubwo kandi nafashe umwanya munini kandi mfite imitsi mu rugo rw'urugo rw'amazu n'ishami ry'ubwishyu ku banyamategeko, ariko abandi bose banyuzwe n'ubuzima.
Dore urugero rwambere. Igigoye kwari ugushiraho impamvu yo kubaho mubintu byishingiwe. Umugambi "urwego rusanzwe" wagejejejwe abishingiwe kandi utangaza ko ikigobe cyabereye mu nzu ye. Gutakaza, ukurikije kubara byayo, $ 10,000. Igorofa iherereye i Moscou, yishingiwe $ 200.000 ($ 100.000 irangira, ibikoresho 100.000). Impuguke yagiye gusuzuma aho ibirori yasanze agamije ko amazi yaturitse mu nzu biturutse ku gitutu kuri cyo. Ahari ibi byabaye bitewe no kwishyiriraho umuyoboro mugihe ibikoresho byo kumazi byasimbuwe nubwishingizi ubwabwo. Ariko mu magorofa hejuru mugihe kimwe gusanwa. Hariho amahirwe ko umuyoboro washyizwe ahagaragara (igitutu) kandi iyi niyo mpamvu itera ingaruka zayo. Impuguke yashishikajwe no kuba icyo aricyo gikorwa cya kabiri cyatumye habaho ibirori byishingiwe. Yashyigikiye ubuhanga bwinyongera, bwerekanye ko umukiriya ari uburenganzira kandi impamvu yo kuba nyirubwite niyo ngaruka. Isosiyete yishyuye iperereza kumafaranga asabwa.
Urubanza rwa kabiri narwo ni rwo rushimangira ubuzima. Twatubwiye mu ishami ryubwishingizi bw'ubwishingizi bwa Alfactory. Ikigobe (Impanuka yo gutanga amazi) ibaho kenshi kuruta ibindi byubwishingizi. Muri icyo gihe, ntabwo ari icyumba gusa, aho umuyoboro wacitsemo ibice, ariko nanone ibyumba biherereye hepfo, rimwe na rimwe ndetse no mu bwinjiriro buturanye.
Nyir'ubwishingizi mu gihe amazu yajuririye kwishyura. Mugihe cyo gusimbuza bateri mu nzu iri mu nzu hejuru y'abakozi yangije korozi n'amazi ashyushye, kubera ko icyumba cy'ubuzima bw'umurimo rwuzuyemo. Wallpaper nshya yimukiye mu rukuta, gutandukana bigaragaye ku gisenge. Nyuma yo kubona igikorwa cya Komisiyo y'Ubuyobozi (Ubufatanye bwa ba nyir'inzu), Allayrakhovanie yishyuye ibihumbi 29 kuri Rubles ku buntu. Nyuma y'ibyumweru bitatu, isosiyete ifite ubwishingizi yahindukiriye isosiyete ishyari: zuzuye koridor n'ibirora. Icyaha ni abakozi bose. Bakoze uburyo bwo gucumura, byaviriyemo umuyoboro w'amazi akonje. Ibiganiro na nyir'inzu hejuru ntabwo byateje ikintu na kimwe. We vinyl mu bakozi bose, by the way, nta nyandiko zemeje ibyangombwa byabo. Umuturanyi ubwe ntabwo yahawe uruhushya rwo gucungura. Igikorwa cya kabiri kijyanye n'umuyobozi wa Bay ibibazo bya HoA byanze, bivuga ko bidashaka kwangiza umubano nabapangayi. Ku byerekeye isosiyete yubwishingizi, umukiriya yasabye Moszilosction yo mu karere ke, wakoze igenzura ry'ibikorwa. Vitunga uburyo butemewe n'amategeko mu nzu yo hejuru bwahagaritswe, kandi umuyobozi wa Hoo yakiriye umuti wateganijwe kandi atanga itegeko ryakozwe na Komisiyo muburyo bwose. Isosiyete ya Allasrakhovanie yashyizeho kubara kandi yishyuye indi marabu ibihumbi 18, hanyuma yoherereza nyir'igorofa yo hejuru atanga indishyi zangiritse.
Inzu imwe yo kuraramo yishingiwe ku $ 80.000.
Agace kwose - 60m2
Igiciro cy'umutungo
Ibikoresho:
Igikoni- $ 3000.
Icyumba cyo kubaho- $ 2500.
Icyumba cyo kuraramo- $ 2100.
Byose $ 7600.
Ubuhanga:
TV LG- $ 1000
Tv Panasonic- $ 300
Ikigo cy'umuziki LG- $ 300
DVD Umukinnyi- $ 400
Igiteranyo $ 2000
Agaciro k'umutungo- $ 9600
Kurangiza ikiguzi
Igorofa ya Parquet- $ 1.500
Inkuta, igisenge- $ 15000
Byose $ 16.500
1. Kubara ikiguzi cya politiki yubwishingizi yibintu byubaka byinzu bivuye hanze mugihe cyumwaka umwe:
$ 80000 0.2% = $ 160;
$ 80000 0.35% = $ 280,
aho $ 800.000 ari agaciro k'isoko yinzu; 0.2 na 0.35 ni umubare ntarengwa kandi ntarengwa ntarengwa (bishingiye kubijyanye nubwishingizi).
2. kubara agaciro ka politiki yubwishingizi rwimbere yinzu hamwe numutungo wimukanwa uherereye muriyo kugirango ubone ibyago byuzuye mugihe cyumwaka umwe:
$ 16.500 + $ 9600 = $ 26.100;
$ 26.100 0.4% = $ 104;
$ 26.100 0.9% = $ 235,
Aho $ 16,500 ari ikiguzi cyo kurangiza inzu, $ 9600- Igiciro cyumutungo wimukanwa; 0.4 na 0.9- ntarengwa kandi ntarengwa igiciro ntarengwa.
Kubara byatanzwe na Sergey Stepanov, umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe ubwishingizi bw'umutungo w'isosiyete.
Abanditsi bararakoze rosgosstrakh, Alifakhovanie, "Irembo rya Rosno", "Max" mu rwego rwo gutegura ibikoresho.