Gusana mucyumba cy'ibyumba bitatu (83.87 M2) ya P44-T Urukurikirane rw'icyitegererezo: Imbere mu Mwuka w'Umwuka w'aganshi mu majyepfo y'Ubufaransa.
Inzu isanzwe ifite ibikoresho mu mwuka wa Classic Ikirusiya cya Classic-Rallight, ikomeye, ihujwe n'amabara y'amajyepfo y'Ubufaransa, akoresheje nyirabuja, - ibara ry'izuba n'ibikoresho byera, imiti yera, imigeri Kandi berekeje, ukunda urubura rurambuye, Snow-Whsum Stucco kumurongo winyuma yinyuma-yagutse, umwuka kandi burigihe.
Ibyifuzo, ibitekerezo, amahitamo
Umushinga wakozwe munzu ingahe ingamba itatu iherereye munzu isanzwe ya P44-T kandi yaguzwe atarangije. Ba nyirayo ni abashakanye bafite ubwenge mu kiganiro cyambere hamwe nubwubatsi bwasabye inshingano: byari ngombwa gukora ikigezweho kandi cyiza, bikomeye kandi icyarimwe kandi icyarimwe imbere yubufaransa. Mugihe ukora kumushinga kuva intangiriro haribintu bidasanzwe byo guhanga kubakiriya nubwubatsi. Ishakisha ryabo ryera ryagiye mu cyerekezo kimwe, ryaviriyemo intsinzi yumushinga wose, kandi kandi yakijije umwanya nimbaraga zumutwe.Kubera ko hafi nkuruke zose z'imbere mu ngo z'uru ruhererekane rw'abatwara, nta cyago cyihariye cyagutse ku guhangayiki. Umwubatsi yasabye uburyo bwinshi bwo gutunganya inzu, kandi cyane cyane bahangayikishijwe n'imiterere y'ibikoresho no kuvaga. Ariko, muri buri bwoko hari ibyateganijwe, ndetse nibikorwa nyamukuru: Hashyizweho ifungura (ubwinjiriro bwigikoni kuva mucyumba) no guhuza ubwiherero bwabanje. Gukora ku gishushanyo, umwubatsi n'abakiriya bashakaga kubona umubare w'inzu ushobora kunozwa cyane ku muryango. Ubwiherero bushya bwahindutse kinini cyane, kuko nakuyeho akarere k'umusarani na koridor, ukurikije ibyo bishoboka ko byashoboka kwinjira mu gikoni mbere ya koritiro. Kwakira ni gakondo, byemejwe kandi byagaragaye neza, ucira urubanza bakoresheje amazu menshi, bafatanije aho batuye (ibijyanye no guhinduranya ibintu bimwe na rimwe. Ishyirwaho ryabakiriya bazima bagenwa nijambo "Salon" (ahantu ho kwakirwa nibiruhuko). Ieetto yatanze imbaraga mu iterambere ry'ishusho y'inzu muri rusange: Imitako n'ahandi hantu "gukomera" munsi ya salon.
Usibye ubwiherero, wongereye icyumba kizima ugereranya nacyo mu karere kahoze (mbere yo kuvugurura, icyumba cyo gushinga, icyumba cyo kuraramo na salle yagabanijwe). Byongeye kandi, Logigi yagenzuwe no kuyishiraho ubusitani bwimbeho. Byongeye kandi, umukono wo gushyushya mu karere k'uwahoze ari Loggia ntabwo wimuwe, hasi arashyuha. Rero, ishyirwaho hamwe nuburyo bujyanye nibibanza byose byagenwe. Igorofa yagabanijwemo ibice bibiri: abikorera (icyumba cyo kuraramo) n'umushyitsi (salon, ni ukuvuga icyumba cyo mu gikoni na salle-kurya mu gikoni cyegeranye). Muri icyo gihe, icyumba cyo kuraramo n'ibiro nabyo bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri buri umwe.
Igishushanyo, guhuza, kubaka
Muri rusange, ibyaremwe no kwerekana ko umushinga wamaze amezi atanu. Babiri muri bo bafata igishushanyo no guhuza ibikorwa (ibikoresho byo gufungura, kubaka ibice bishya, kwinjiza logigi, kwishyiriraho imiyoboro, hasi, inkuta). Andi manza zahawe kurangiza (hasi ya parquet, humura hejuru hamwe namayeri, shyiramo ibiraro birambuye, gushushanya, gushushanya, ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni). Amaherezo, Elherez yasabwaga gutoranya ibikoresho, gukora no guterana kwa Wardrobes yubatswe.
Inkuta
Usibye ibice biri hagati yicyumba cyazima na salle, yari igizwe n'amatafari, kimwe no gusiganwa kuri Syaschkabina, inkuta zo mu nzu zikozwe mu nzu zikozwe mu bukorezi. Bose bari batandukanye bidashoboka, ibintu bisanzwe byo guturamo ku rukurikirane rusanzwe "rubanda".Kwinjira mu myitozo yamatafari yarimo, kandi hagati yicyumba cyo kuraramo nigikoni, hamwe no kubahiriza intera ikenewe mu rukuta rwabatwara hanze - 1,2m, gabanya gufungura. Shyira hamwe ibice bya kabino ya plumbing. Inkuta nshya zituma ubwiherero bugizwe n'amatafari (cuisine cuisine), igice kiva mu bifum (dosons of croway). Igice mu cyumba cyo kuraramo cyubatswe ku birunga (urugwiro rwubatswe rwashyizwe aha hantu).
Ubwa mbere, abakiriya bifuzaga gushushanya inkuta zose z'inzu. Ariko, umwubatsi yagiriye inama yo kubyanga ibi. Itera ni bitatu. Ubwa mbere, inyubako ni shyashya, nyuma izatanga kugabanuka, kandi nkigisubizo, irangi rirashobora gucamo. Icya kabiri, gusana hano byakozwe mu ba mbere mu nzu, bityo irangi ku rukuta zishobora gukurwa ku kunyeganyega kwegeranye, gukubitwa no guhungabana, bizaherekeza inzira yo gusana mu nzu ituranye mu nzu ituranye. Amaherezo, icya gatatu, yamenyerejwe ko ku kibanza cyo guturamo (cyane cyane ku buzima bwite n'abinjira), wallpaper aracyari gakondo. Batanga umusanzu mu iriba ryihumure nubushyuhe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bahisemo gushushanya gusa litiro gusa, igikoni n'imbere, kandi icyumba cyo kuraramo n'abaminisitiri bari bitwikiriwe na wallpaper. Byongeye kandi, ku cyumba cyo kuraramo igicucu cyijimye cyatoranijwe, kubaminisitiri - umucanga ufite imiterere igaragara, ariko nanone nurukuta rwimbeho (ubusitani bwimbeho) bwatandukanijwe na cork. Ku rukuta no hasi y'ubwiherero - imiterere nini nini cyane (muguhindura inzu yose) Ububiko bw'Ubutaliyani Granite. Ilish mu gikoni, gamake ya gamma yakozwe hakonje (ishimangira ubwiza bw'ikindi cyumba cyose, itara), yashizwemo mozasi yoroheje, yijimye-inyenzi hamwe nigicucu cya zahabu gikurikije ibikoresho numwenda .
Akazu karakozwe mu gambaro, kigizwe n'umucyo woroheje n'amashusho yoroheje-Igifaransa birimo palette yoroheje. Kurwanya iyi nyuma, ibice byera byateganijwe cyane cyane birakundwa cyane kandi ibirori: Baduette, impengamiro, imitako (stucco-pue-putty kuva "KNAF"). Mu buryo bwinshi, byari imitako rwose cyane mu mwuka w'icyitegererezo cy'Ubufaransa, abakiriya bavuze. Ijwi risanzwe ryumufasha ni ibikoresho byera - byatoranijwe mbere (slide no gusinzira).
Igiciro cyo kwitegura no kwishyiriraho akazi
| Ubwoko bw'akazi | Umwanya wakazi | Kwishura Ral, $ | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gutandukana | 9.2m2 | Bane | 36.8. |
| Gusenya Santechkabina (hamwe na pallet) | - | 240. | 240. |
| Igikoresho cyo gutangiza urugi muri w / w urukuta (cream) | 2,4 M2 | 220. | 528. |
| Ibikoresho byo gushimangirwa amatafari, urukuta | 20.7m2 | 12 | 248.4 |
| Igikoresho cyahagaritswe urwego rwibisenge bibiri kuva GLC | 48 M. | 22. | 1056. |
| Gupakira no gukuraho imyanda yo kubaka | - | - | 220. |
| Byose | 2329,2 |
Igiciro cyibikoresho byo kwishyiriraho
| Izina | umubare | Igiciro, $ | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amatafari ya Ceramic | 360 PC. | 0,2 | 72. |
| Blow Blok | 78 PC. | 1,1 | 85.8 |
| Kuvanga Ubumayo bwumutse "Glims" | 650KG | 0.05 | 32.5 |
| Ikibabi cya plaque "Gyrok" | 36M2 | 2,4. | 86,4. |
| UMWUGA, Screw, Tape Ikimenyetso, Amashyiga Yumvikana | 36M2 | 5.4. | 194.4 |
| Byose | 471,1 |
Igiciro cyo kurangiza akazi
| Ubwoko bw'akazi | Umwanya wakazi | Kwishura Ral, $ | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubuso Bwiza | 250M2. | 10 | 2500. |
| Urukuta Yamamoto Yamamoto, gushushanya urukuta | 162M2. | 12 | 1944. |
| Gushiraho Ibice Byihariye | 68 M. | 3,2 | 217.6 |
| Ibara ryiza ryinshi ryinshi | 73m2. | cumi na bine | 1022. |
| Guhangana n'inkuta n'amabati ya ceramic | 25M2. | cumi n'umunani | 450. |
| Gushiraho urugi | 3 PC. | mirongo itanu | 150. |
| Byose | 6283.6 |
Igiciro cyibikoresho byo gukora kurangiza imirimo
| Izina | umubare | Igiciro, $ | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plaster Gypsum "Rotaband" | 1500kg | 0,3. | 450. |
| Meffert ag | 50l | 2,1 | 105. |
| Irangi v / D Meffert AG | 40L | 3,4. | 136. |
| Kurambura barrisi | 15M2. | 38. | 570. |
| Igicapo | 74M2. | 3,2 | 236.8 |
| Ceramic Tile Pastorelli Ceramiche | 25M2. | cumi n'umunani | 450. |
| Glue Tile "Glims" | 160Kg | 0.4. | 64. |
| Byose | 2011.8. |
Hasi
Igorofa mu nzu yambuwe kandi ikubiyemo igitonyanga gitagaragara (kugeza kuri cm 12) kubera uburebure bwo kurambirwa. Kugirango utatakaza uburebure bwa gisenge (cyari gito, 2,65m), ibishya byasobanuwe ntabwo byahisemo kutabisohoka "muri zeru", ni ukuvuga ko atari ukugera kumurongo umwe utambitse. Yahujwe, cyane cyane cyane, ni ukuvuga ko bakoze, ariko hasigaye hasigaye. Igikorwa cyikoranabuhanga cyo gukora ibishushanyo byatangije iminsi mike gusa, kandi igihe cyo gukama no kwera "- iminsi 28. Ariko, hashize iminsi itatu yuzuye igorofa, hashyizwe ahagaragara hasi kandi iki gihe cyose cyayobowe nundi mushinga w'ikindi gikorwa: Yashyize ahagarara ku rukuta, arangiza. Nyuma ya beto yungutse, kandi imishinga mikoro yarangiye, irangira irangira. Ibishya bya nyuma, muri oses, byashyizeho insinga zose z'amashanyarazi, no mu karere k'ubwiherero, byazamuwe muri podium, imiyoboro yo gutanga amazi n'imyanda. Podium yakuye ubwogero ndetse na mashini imesa.Kugirango "amajyepfo yubufaransa", nyir'inzu nkunda mu nzu, byari ngombwa gukora igicucu cy'imbere mu gihugu. Kubwibyo, nk'ubuso bwingenzi hanyuma uhitamo ivu rya Sunny "Izuba Right. Rero, mubyumba byo guturamo kuri Faneru, bifatanye na screed, igice cya parque yimpfura cyakoreshejwe. Yashushanyijeho inguni ya 45 kugeza ku rukuta, yatumye bishoboka kwagura umwanya no kwerekana inzira nyamukuru yo kugenda.
Mu gikoni, amabara atatu 'amabara ya porcelain yashyizwe - yafashaga gutanga icyumba gifite ubunyangamugayo bwamabara kandi akayihambira hamwe nabandi basigaye. Umusenyi usubiramo ibara ryibuye rya percelain muri koridoro, "asfalt" - hamwe na tabletop irangiza, hamwe nicyatsi kibisi (hafi yera) kuringaniza ibara rusange. Twakoresheje tile, ibara nubunini bisa na parquet. Ubu buhanga bwafashije guhuza uduce tufitanye isano.
Igiciro cyakazi ku gikoresho cya etage
| Ubwoko bw'akazi | Agace, M2 | Kwishura Ral, $ | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sima ihatirwa | 87.9 | 10 | 879. |
| Igikoresho cya Atlet Stawroof | 3.9 | 6. | 23,4. |
| Hasi plywood kuri kole hamwe no gufunga | 51.6 | 4.7 | 242.5 |
| Kwambara igikoresho cya Parquet | 51.6 | 24. | 1238,4 |
| Igorofa y'igorofa hamwe n'amabati ya ceramic | 36.3. | cumi na gatandatu | 580.8. |
| Byose | 2964,1 |
Igiciro cyibikoresho byo hasi
| Izina | umubare | Igiciro, $ | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peskabeton "Glims" | 2400KG | 0.05 | 120. |
| Amazi | 6l | 37. | 222. |
| Plywood Plywood, 12mm | Impapuro 25 | 12 | 300. |
| Parquet "Mark" | 51,6M2 | 43. | 2218.8. |
| Fanal Porcelain Amashusho | 36.3M2. | 35. | 1270.5 |
| Glue Tile "Glims" | 148Kg | 0.4. | 59,2 |
| Byose | 4190.5 |
Igisenge
Imiterere yambere yimyagiro irashobora kwitwa bidafite akamaro: Amasahani yacyo nayo yahindutse umurongo, hamwe nurwego rwurwego rugera kuri santimetero enye. Uburebure bw'akazi ni 2,65m, hamwe na screed nshya - 2.59m. Gutezimbere amazu yashizweho, igishushanyo mbonera cyatekerejweho ukurikije imiterere ya buri cyumba. Rero, mu kabari, umuyobozi w'ishusho yubatswe kuri pelusethane ya Stucco ya Polyurethane, kandi inkandaro ya glossy yiziritseho hagati y'ikirango n'ikirahure, byongera iki kintu cy'ingenzi mu nzu, "uhagarariye "Ibibanza. Ejector ikozwe mu gisenge cyo gupima ikibaho hamwe no kwimbitse, cyari gifite isuku "itara". Pelt irambuye igisenge, glossy, ibyo byongera icyumba gito. Igikoni gikoresha igishushanyo cya plasterboard, gihishe inzira yo guhumeka kuva umunaniro. Achetoba yiyongera cyane uburebure, kandi hano hagati yicyapa cyashinyaga glossy irambuye.Kubera ko inzu iherereye mu gice cyanyuma, nta cyaro kibaho mucyumba. Ariko abakiriya basabye ibikoresho byubatswe kugirango barebe byibuze kwibeshya. Abasaba ibi byifuzo byari bigoye na plastiki igisenge gihamye, imvugo yegereye idirishya, nkaho itera uruhande rwibitekerezo. Imbaraga zifunze hejuru yubusitani bwimbeho nazo zashyizweho na plasterboard. Kuri perimetero yinama y'Abaminisitiri yateguye virusi ya Plasboard, yarimbishijwe na Gypsum Moldings no gusubira inyuma. Imyanya ndangarugero yarashyizwemo, kandi byagaragaye ko bishoboka guhisha imitako umwenda. Hafi ya kenshi umwenda usimbuka ahantu hejuru yumupaka ugaragara wimpagi, utera impression yamadirishya maguru inyuma yabo.
Amazi na Ventilation
Induru mu nzu yari isanzwe, hagati yigikoni nu musarani, aho hantu hatagira uguhinduka. Ibikoresho byose byamazi, usibye imashini imesa, iri hafi ya Riser. Kwiyuhagira bishya bihujwe no kwiyuhagira. Ariko, ibintu bishimishije cyane ibikoresho-byoroha. Hariho babiri muri bo, bashizwe mu gikorwa kinini cya marish. Nibyiza cyane niba utekereje mugitondo abashakanye bombi icyarimwe bagiye gukora. Uburebure bw'ameza Hejuru ni metero ebyiri, kandi kurohama biherereye kumwanya woroshye kubantu. Hafi aho hariho ibirango bibiri (kuri urwembe n'umusatsi).
Mu ntangiriro, agasanduku k'isuku cyari kirenze guhumeka, ariko byakosowe "kandi bingana n'ubunini bwa nyuma. Rero, udusanduku twombi twatandukanijwe mu mfuruka rw'icyumba, tukaba tunakubise urukuta nyamukuru rw'ubwiherero, rwatumye bishoboka gushyira mu bikorwa imirimo ya marimari hagati yabo, ku mpande zombi ariche imwe. Ikirahure cy'ikirahure cyarashizwemo: Ku ruhande rumwe, umutunganya umutwe w'umugore we, ku rundi, umugabo we, buri wese afite imfuruka yacyo. Imashini imesa yari yihishe mucyumba cya slivis hamwe nimiryango y'indorerwamo. Hano Isuku ya Vacuum ibitswe, imiti yo murugo, hari amashami yo kwisiga, ibikoresho byimfashanyo, zoge, hitrobes ni.p.
Mu gikoni no mu bwiherero gifite sisitemu yo guhahana, abafana bato. Igikoni cyo mu gikoni cyakuwe mu gihirahiro gihinduka hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ikaze hamwe na diameter ya 100mm yometse ku masahani ya placer.
Imirasire zose zasimbuwe, imiyoboro irasigaye kimwe. Imirasire mishya - ZimetAllic Calidor-Super (Fondodal, Ubutaliyani) ifite ibikoresho byo kurambaho kandi bishyirwaho ku gipimo cya: Igice kimwe cy'icyumba. Ibi birahagije kuri m 2.7.
Igiciro cyo gukora isuku
| Ubwoko bw'akazi | Umwanya wakazi | Kwishura Ral, $ | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gushiraho imiyoboro y'amazi | 28 pog M. | 10 | 280. |
| Gushiraho imyanda ya Swage | 15 pog. M. | 3. | 45. |
| Kwinjiza Maporo yo kugabura, muyunguruzi | 2 PC. | cumi na batanu | mirongo itatu |
| Gushiraho umusarani, washbasin, kwiyuhagira | 1 SHAKA. | - | 470. |
| Kwishyiriraho gari ya moshi | 1 PC. | 35. | 35. |
| Kwinjiza Radiator Yashyushye (hamwe no gutema) | Ibice 5. | 110. | 550. |
| Byose | 1410. |
Igiciro cyo gukuramo ibikoresho no kwishyiriraho ibikoresho
| Izina | umubare | Igiciro, $ | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imiyoboro y'ibyuma-polymer | 28 pog M. | 6. | 168. |
| Imiyoboro ya pienge pvc | 15 pog. M. | bitanu | 75. |
| Gukaraba, umusarani, kwiyuhagira, bivanze | 1 SHAKA. | - | 2880. |
| Raditator bimettallic fondatal | 1 SHAKA. | - | 260. |
| Byose | 3383. |
Igiciro cy'amashanyarazi
| Ubwoko bw'akazi | Umwanya wakazi | Kwishura Ral, $ | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gushiraho insinga | 610 M. | 2. | 1220. |
| Kwinjiza hejuru, Guhindura | 47 PC. | 10 | 470. |
| Kwishyiriraho akanama k'amashanyarazi | 1 SHAKA. | - | 350. |
| Kwinjiza hasi gushyushya sisitemu | 1 SHAKA. | - | 280. |
| Byose | 2320. |
Igiciro cy'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi
| Izina | umubare | Igiciro, $ | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electrocabel nibigize | 610 M. | 0.9 | 549. |
| Amashanyarazi, RCD, imashini za legrand | 1 SHAKA. | 260. | 260. |
| Guhuza amashanyarazi | 47 PC. | - | 520. |
| DE-VI Igorofa | 1 SHAKA. | - | 440. |
| Byose | 1769. |
Igikoni
Ibikoresho byo mu gihugu byatoranijwe kuva "ibikoresho byihariye" byerekana ibara ryijimye ryijimye hamwe nimbuga ziyobowe munsi yigitambara. Imbere yamahoro yinjijwemo ibikoresho bya Bosch: Hob, Hob, Utanura na firigo. Ibara ryibikoresho - ibyuma bisize kandi bya matte. Isura ya firigo ikozwe mubyuma bidafite imipaka, nubwo imbaho zo kuruhande ari umukara. Kugirango bakureho ibi bitekerezo, baraza gusa kandi bafite ubwenge: baguze film ifata siyumuco yo gukora iyamamaza ryo hanze kandi igacamo ibice. Iyo unyuze kumunsi, indi filime ya elastike irambuye, isura ya firigo yatangiye guhuza byimazeyo imbere yigikoni. By the way, icyitegererezo cyatoranijwe cyasabye amazi, kubera ko generator yubatswe itangwa hano. Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho byashizwemo abatanga isoko. Umwimerere ku gishushanyo cya konti ya Bar - nyirabuja yarose cyane! Ariko kubera ko ingano yicyumba ari nto, yashyizeho uburyo bworoshye: hanze, rack isa na buffet- kuri it ihora iryama imbuto, kandi igikona kidasanzwe kumacupa nibirahuri byahagaritswe hejuru.Ibikoresho, gucikamo n'ibikoresho
Ku Biro Gutumiza, isomero rya sallebes hamwe nimiryango yaka, uhuza nigice cya slide mubyumba. Ibi kandi byaguzwe ibikoresho byoroheje (virusi yera) hamwe nameza ya kawa yera. Ku cyumba cyo kuraramo, nacyo, kandi cyatoranijwe ibikoresho byera. Umutako wijimye kandi wijimye kuriwo ugena ibara ryinkuta. Twice yadod gutumiza umwenda no kuryama. Inkuta z'icyumba cyo kuraramo nazo zishushanyijeho Umwuka wa Ampury, ariko, ukoresheje aho uhurira cyane wallpaper na plaster ituruka kuri bo. Ku gisirikare cyijimye cya vinyl ikomeye, kwigana imyenda ya silk (ikiganiro hamwe nigitambaro cya silik ku buriri), cyanditswe hamwe na Stucco nziza (ukoresheje polturethane. Ntabwo ari ukubura umuryango wa Logia gusa, ubwinshi bwintoki Ishusho yikintu gito cyo kuraramo no koroshya. Umwanya wiyi mbuga nto cyane, urakoze kubipimo byaremwe, ukuraho ibyiyumvo byo gukomera, bishobora kubaho nyuma yo kuzuza icyumba cyo kuraramo hamwe nimyenda minini hamwe nimboga nini.
Igitekerezo cyo gukora icy'icyuma kinini cyubatswe mu kazu kuko cyari nkenewe kubona aho gukusanya amafoto aho akunzwe n'umuryango-umwuzukuru uzwi. Abera mu wundi mujyi kandi ntabwo akunze kugera kuri nyirakuru wa nyirakuru. Uwahoze ari inzu yose yari yuzuye amafoto ye, kandi mu rushya bahisemo gukusanya - kuko ibyo kandi byatwaye amasaha menshi.
Hejuru y'imiriro mucyumba cyo kuraramo kumurika indorerwamo nini yo mu Butaliyani muri zahabu, rihuriweho n'ubutaka bw'umuriro. Kuri buri idirishya, impumyi (mubyumba-byijimye-byijimye, mugikoni no mucyumba cyo kuraramo ni cyera). Kuri uyu mucyo, umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe n'ubusitani bw'inyanja. Ibi bigira uruhare muri kamere ya Wallpaper, kurimo imirongo yoroshye kandi ikaze yijimye.
Abanditsi baraburira ko hakurikijwe amategeko y'imiturire ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya, guhuza ibikorwa byo kuvugurura no gucumura.
Umwubatsi: Aneg Sobolev
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