Ubwishingizi bwinshingano rusange mugihe cyo gucungwa ibibanza byo guturamo no gukora.
Buri mukino twumva ufite inshingano: kubana, ababyeyi bakuze, amatungo ane. Uhangayitse, uko byagenda kose. AESLESLESLESLESLESLESLESLES murugo abakozi bakorana, kandi uzasara na gato. Ntabwo bihagije ko inzu izatsindwa, nayo nayo izizura abandi. Bikoreshwa kubaturanyi bizagomba ... Birashoboka gukuramo bimwe mubibazo no kwirinda ibiciro bitunguranye? Abanyamwuga bashinzwe ibibazo byamamaza.
Kuba igihe cyo kubura inzu, kugira ngo atuze, ntazabuza kwishura imiturire n'ibintu bifatika, byavuzwe mu ngingo "kure, guhangayika!". Ibikoresho byatanze ibibazo byubwishingizi bwumutungo. Uyu munsi turashaka kuvuga kubyerekeye ubundi bwoko bwubwishingizi bubiri bwubwishingizi, bufitanye isano rya bugufi hamwe nayasobanuwe mu ngingo ibanziriza iyi. Ubu ni bwo buryozwe bw'abaturage ba nyirayo, abapangayi n'abapangayi mugihe cyo gukora ahantu ho gutura kandi mugihe cyo gucumura (regionation). Uburyozwe bw'abaturage busobanura inshingano ku cyago ko uri umwishingizi ushobora gutera ubuzima, ubuzima cyangwa umutungo w'abandi bantu byitwa abagenerwabikorwa. Bashobora kuba nk'amaso y'umubiri (abaturanyi bo munzu, abashyitsi b'abaturanyi, abahisi bayobeshye abandi ndetse n'abandi bantu) n'amategeko (Ububiko buringaniye munsi y'inzu yawe cyangwa hafi). Ubwishingizi bw'inshingano z'abaturage bigufasha guhindura ibitugu by'Isosiyete y'ubwishingizi Indishyinge indishyi mutabishaka (!) Twakoze abo bantu cyangwa ibigo. Kugereranya na Osago (Ubwishingizi buteganijwe bwa Inshingano Yigenga), guhemba abaturanyi bayo mu nzu yawe idahwitse , n'umushumba wawe.
Noneho ubwoko bwubwishingizi bwinshingano ntabwo ari itegeko. Ariko muri Kanama, mu nama n'abanyamakuru, umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe kubaka ingamba n'ishami ry'inganda na Minisiteri y'inganda RF Sergey Krley Inshingano mu Burusiya ba nyiri amazu. Birumvikana ko mbere yibyo, abahanga igihe kirekire bemeza ko ari ngombwa mbere kugirango bashyireho uburyo bwa CTP, nyuma bishoboka kumazu.
Kuvugisha inshingano z'ibibazo mu gukora ivugurura (umucunguzi) w'ibanze, mu buryo bunyuranye, rumaze gutegekwa kubatuye umurwa mukuru, bahisemo guhangana n'impinduka mu nzu yabo. Kujya muri komisiyo ishinzwe ubugenzuzi bwa Moscou yo gukemura uburyo bwo gucumura ntacyo bivuze niba udafite politiki yubwishingizi ikwiye. Nawe ubwawe cyangwa ushikamye ufasha mugushushanya ibyangombwa bikenewe ntibizashobora gutegereza ubutoni bw'abayobozi. Ubundi buryo kugura politiki, kukwemerera kubona "byiza" kugirango ukureho amasezerano yanditse ku gusana kwawe kubatuye inzu yinzu, bisa nkaho birebire kandi biragoye. Nk'uko amategeko ya Moscou Nomero yo ku ya 7 Mata 2004. Inyandiko ebyiri gusa ziragaragara: Kwemererwa kwanditse na ba nyir'inyubako yo guturamo cyangwa amasezerano yubwishingizi bwabaturage.
Ubwishingizi bw'inshingano mu nzu
Impanuka za sisitemu zo gutanga amazi, gushyushya, gufunga, gufunga amashanyarazi no guturika kwa gaze yo murugo bibaho mumazu no mu nzu bihoraho. Abantu barakaje nkayi manza biba gake cyane, ariko umutungo ubabara hafi buri gihe. Shishikaze iki kibazo: Mugihe nta wundi murugo, inzu yawe yatwitse rwose uraguma ku nkono yamenetse. Kandi mu muriro, ntabwo ari umuryango wawe gusa, ahubwo n'abahamiye bakomeretse mu mahanga, barahaguruka, bakora ku magorofa menshi, kandi abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro barenze kandi banyuzwe n'amazi n'ibirindiro byawe, kandi banyu, n'inkuta z'abandi, hasi, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho byo murugo n'ibikoresho. Ni nde uzishyura abaturanyi? Wowe (ntabwo ari hob, dez nandi mashyirahamwe)! Cyangwa isosiyete yubwishingizi niba waguze politiki yubwishingizi bwubwishingizi mbere mugihe cyo gucunga imiturire.Avot ntabwo iteye ubwoba, ahubwo ni ikibazo gisanzwe. Abakozi ba sosiyete y'ubwishingizi "ntiyemera" babwirwa: "Kubera leakage mu amatiyo ya ubushyuhe mu bacu ubwishingizi, bikaba yaguze sivile Uburyozwacyaha y'ubwishingizi mu imikorere imiturire, hari bay ya nyubakwa iri hepfo sosiyete yacu bahembwa. Abaturanyi b'ibasiwe bo mu $ 1830. "
Birashoboka kwishingira inshingano zabantu mubikorwa byamazu? Hazabaho kugura amafaranga yubusa?
Dmitry Maslov, umuyobozi wa Rosgosstrakh Umutungo w'ikigo, Visi-Perezida: "Politiki y'ubwishingizi ni ingwate ko mu mutungo utuje ku mutungo wawe n'umuntu utazaba wenyine, kandi amafaranga yose ntazagirana na sosiyete y'ubwishingizi. Muri Urubanza - Isaba ibyangiritse kubaturanyi bahohotewe nibibazo byawe. Ibi birashobora kwitwa imyanda yamahoro? Niba amafaranga yishyuwe kumahoro yawe, niba havutse ibyabaye mubwishingizi kubibera y'ibintu by'ubwishingizi, ugomba kubyumva. Ko iyo kwishinyagurira amazu, ibihe bikunze kwangizwa n'amazi, iyo ibyangiritse bikorerwa umutungo wabakiriya n'umutungo uri muri ibi bihe ni byinshi Hejuru, kandi ni ubwishingizi bw'inshingano z'abaturage mu gupfuka igihonge. Ubu bwoko bw'ubwishingizi rero bushobora kuba izina rimwe mu masoko y'ubwishingizi bw'inzu. "
Elena Fkikina, umutware w'ishami ry'ubwishingizi bw'umutungo "ibipimo ngenderwaho": "Mu buryo bwo gukoresha amazu igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, ibintu bitunguranye bishobora kuvuka, kubera ko abaturanyi bangirika. Ion ntizibe Bishyize mu gaciro gusaba indishyi z'ibyangiritse. Ntabwo birinda, bizavuka ikibazo cy'amakimbirane, gishobora kugera ku buzima bwacu. Dore urugero rw'ubuzima bw'amadozakazi ku $ 10,000, twishyura ubwishingizi $ 100. Ubwishingizi buhari bwabaye: yamennye umuyoboro mu gikoni, kandi akababara ntabwo arangiza gusa mu nzu y'ubwishingizi, ariko akanagira mu magorofa abiri hepfo. Nigute utabitekerezaho, fata i Inshingano kubandi bantu kuri wewe cyangwa kuyihindura isosiyete yubwishingizi! Byongeye kandi, umuryango wacu wubwishingizi ntizenguriza amafaranga uwahohotewe, ariko, nibiba ngombwa kwerekana inyungu z'abishingiwe mu rukiko. "
Ubwishingizi bw'intege nke mu mirimo y'amazu mu bwoko bwigenga bw'ubwishingizi? Nigute ubwoko bubiri bwubwishingizi bwumutungo nubushobozi rusange bujyanye?
Dmitry Maslov: "Uburyozwe muri leta bw'abakiriya bushobora kwishingikizwa haba mu kigo no mu kigo. Muri icyo gihe, ubwishingizi bwuzuye bugabanya umutekano w'umutungo w'umukiriya. Tekereza iki kibazo: tekereza iki kibazo: Umuyoboro n'inzu wacitse mu nzu y'amazi y'abakiriya bacu ntabwo yangije inzu ye yo mu rugo, ahubwo yanangije amagorofa ashya, ariko atera amazu abiri ahitiyemo. Umubare wose wa Ibyangiritse byarenze amafaranga 600.000. Muri ibyo, abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cyabo bahembwa abaturanyi muri politiki y'ubwishingizi bw'abaturage, ahasigaye ni umukiriya kuri politiki y'ubwishingizi bw'umutungo. "
Elena FIKIMO: "Uburyozwe muri Leta bw'umukode ni ikintu cyigenga cy'ubwishingizi. Irashobora kwishingikiriza haba muri politiki itandukanye no mu kigo (ibintu bifatika, kurangiza cyangwa ubwoko bwose bwa Ubwishingizi buzatwara umukiriya bihendutse. "
Ubwandu, ni ibintu nibyiza byibicuruzwa byubwishingizi bitangwa na sosiyete yawe kubafite imiturire kugiti cye nabapangayi?
Dmitry Maslov: "Isosiyete ya ROSGOSTRAKH itanga abakiriya mu murongo wo mu rwego rworoshye (kuva" Express ") na gahunda zuzuye. Kurugero, urashobora guhitamo ikibanza", urashobora guhitamo icyo ugomba kwishingira murugo rwawe, uhereye kubyo bitunguranye Ibihe kugirango bimurinde kandi bingana iki kuri ibyo byose. Byongeye kandi, politiki ishushanyije muminota mike - nta gipimo cyanditse cyumukiriya, utagenzuye ikigo cyubwishingizi, nta gutegura imitako yimbere. Ngaho Nibicuruzwa bigoye- uburyo umuntu ku giti cye kuri buri mukiriya agufasha guhitamo uburinzi bwiza. "
Elena FIKIMO: "Ubwishingizi buri gihe buhabwa amahirwe yo guhitamo muburyo butandukanye, bitewe n'ubunini bw'ubwishingizi." Ikigo gisanzwe "gitanga uburyo bubiri bwamasezerano:" Politiki ya kera "na" Imyandikire ya kera. Witondere ingeso zose n'ibyifuzo by'abakiriya, hamwe na politiki "yihuta" ifasha gukiza igihe cye n'uburyo. Mu kubona amahirwe yo kwishingira umutungo no kugenzura no kugenzura igihe kiva ukwezi Umwaka uturuka kubwubatsi nyabwo kuri wewe, muganire ku mpinduka zamasezerano kuri wewe igihe cyubwishingizi (kwiyongera mu nama n'amabwiriza yo kwishura, kugirango wishyure mu bice, hanyuma usoze an amasezerano y'ubwishingizi bw'umutungo n'inshingano. "
Ni izihe ngaruka arizo zikomeye "ikunzwe"? Birumvikana ko umuriro n'amazi (Uku ni uburyo abishingizi bavuga). Ubwishingizi burashobora kandi gukorwa kuri paki yuzuye: hiyongereyeho ibyangiritse byombi, byangiritse cyane, ibikorwa bitemewe byabandi bantu nibindi bidasanzwe, nkuko iterabwoba risanzwe ryongeyeho hano. .
Amasosiyete yo gutabara (bisobanura "Rosno", "Secrakhovanie", "Isuka" n'abandi benshi) ubwishingizi bw'inshingano mugihe cyo gukora ahantu hatandukanye. Ariko, inshingano akenshi ntabwo zifite ubwishingizi ukundi. Ibisubizo by'inzobere, muri 80-90% by'imanza, imitungo itimukanwa iragirane ubwishingizi (rimwe na rimwe umutungo wimukanwa uherereye imbere) n'inshingano mu gihe cyo gukora.
Ingano yubwishingizi, ni ukuvuga, ikiguzi cya Politiki giterwa numubare wamafaranga yishingiwe kandi bingana na 0.7 kugeza kuri 1% byayo. Rero, kugirango twishingikirize inshingano zabo kubandi bantu $ 10,000, ugomba kwishyura amadorari 70-100 kuri politiki yumwaka umwe. Politiki ya $ 20.000 hamwe nigihe kimwe cyibikorwa bizagutwara $ 140-200 ni.d.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kungabunga abashinzwe ubwishingizi bw'abaturage butanga sosiyete yawe?
Denis Zenka, umutware wumushinga wikigo cyubwishingizi bwikigo cyitwara gihuha: "Isosiyete yacu itanga gahunda eshatu zubwishingizi bwa leta. Ibicuruzwa by'ibanze "Inshingano z'imbonezamubano z'abapangayi" zemerera umukiriya kwirinda igihombo gishoboka bitewe no kugirira nabi abandi bantu mu bijyanye no kubungabunga no gukora mu nzu no kurangiza, gusana cyangwa kuvugurura cyangwa kuvugurura. Ubwishingizi bw'inshingano bushoboka, nyuma yo kwishyura bidafite agaciro ugereranije n'ubunini bw'ibyangiritse ku mubare, bihindura ibiciro byose by'isosiyete y'ubwishingizi.
Byongeye, dutanga ibicuruzwa byubwishingizi hamwe "Megapolis". Uru rwego rushobora kwishingikiriza ibyago byo kugirana inshingano zabantu n'umutungo (ibishushanyo mbonera, kurangiza, ibikoresho by'ubuhanga, umutungo wimukanwa) n'inyamaswa zo mu rugo. Hanyuma, dufite ibicuruzwa byubwishingizi, aribwo agatsiko k'isoko ry'Uburusiya, nubwo ibigereranyo byayo bizwi cyane mu burengerazuba. Yitwa "Icyizere" kandi gitanga ubwishingizi bw'ingaruka zose zijyanye n'inshingano z'abaturage: Inshingano za banyiri cyangwa kutaba mu nzu, amatungo, itungo, inshingano, inshingano z'abana bari munsi yimyaka 14 Imyaka yongeyeho izindi ngaruka. Gahunda y'ibikorwa ku isi, usibye uturere twintambara yitwaje intwaro. Kuba ubigira hamwe n'uwitabira, uzumva urinzwe n'ibintu bitunguranye, kabone niyo waba uri hanze y'igihugu cyacu. Politiki nk'iyi yitwa "Umbrella", kuko zigereranya umutaka wengera umwanzuro w'ingaruka zose zishoboka. "
Ni izihe ngaruka utekereza kenshi?
Denis Zenka: "Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara ku bwiganze burunduye bwa politiki y'ubwishingizi - zitera kugirira nabi abandi bantu (abaturanyi) biturutse ku bazuru n'umuriro. IT Ubuzima n'umutungo by'abantu bibi cyane, bityo, abishingizi bagerageza kubasaba. Bikunze kwishyiriraho gahunda yo gushyushya no gutanga amasoko. Kugeza ku 90% by'ubwishingizi (, birumvikana ko ari ubwishingizi bw'imitungo n'inshingano za gisivili), aho kwishyura byishyuwe, bikomoka ku bikorwa by'amazi. "
Inshingano mugihe ukora amacumu
Noneho, watekereje gusana inzu ya nzu. Intego ihinduka nk'iryo rw'isi ni buri icipfuzo co kubaho neza, bisanzuye more, bisanzuye more, kijyambere, mwiza kurushaho, amaherezo. Kugera munzira yimpinduka zikomeye murugo rwawe, urashobora gutangira guswera bloncony, usimbuye idirishya, gushyushya ibikoresho no gushyushya cyangwa ibikoresho byo gushyushya cyangwa ubwiherero, kwimura ibice, gucumura y'ibyumba hamwe n'impinduka cyangwa nta mpinduka muri sisitemu y'itumanaho ry'ubwubatsi, vuga mu nyubako nyinshi, utanga umwanya wa atic hejuru y'imiturire cyangwa atiti, kimwe n'ubundi bwoko bwo kuvugurura bukora ntabwo ari mu cyiciro cy'amategeko abujijwe. Ariko, buri bwoko bwo guhindura bukeneye "abayobozi ba komini". Kandi kugirango ubone imyanzuro yimyitozo, ugomba kwishingira inshingano zawe zubusabane mugihe ukora akazi kuri reorganisation.
Mubyukuri, ubwishingizi bwinshingano zabantu mugihe cyo gucungura ibyumba ni urubanza rwigenga rwintangazwa mugihe cyo gukora ahantu ho gutura. Ariko ubwoko bwambere bwubwishingizi bugomba kumenyekana nkibigoye kandi bihenze kuruta icya kabiri. Niyo mpamvu. "Indwara" y'ubwishingizi bw'inshingano mu gusana ntabwo iboneka ntabwo ari bibiri, ariko bitatu byubwishingizi: Umuntu wubwishingizi wongeyeho kuri nyir'inzu hamwe na sosiyete ishinzwe ubwishingizi, ni ukuvuga isosiyete y'ubwubatsi, isosiyete y'ubwubatsi ikora imirimo kuri Urubuga rwubwishingizi (munzu yubwishingizi). Uyu muryango ugomba kugira uruhushya rwo gushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa bijyanye. Mubihe byamasezerano yashojwe mubihe nkibi, mugihe cye cyibikorwa byacyo, urashobora guhindura umuntu wizewe nkumushingizi, ni ukuvuga kureka serivisi zisosiyete imwe hanyuma ugaha umwanya. Isuku (uburozi hamwe nubwishingizi bwinshingano) Ikiguzi cya Politiki yubwishingizi bwa konti biterwa nuko mugikorwa cyo kubaka no gukora imirimo yo kubaka, birashoboka ko hashobora kubaho ibirori byiyongera.
Kubyerekeye ubwishingizi, abishingizi n'abafite ubwishingizi
Zinaida VysSkov, impuguke Mukuru w'ishami rishinzwe uburyo no kwandika ku nshingano z'itsinda rya Alfactory: "Kugira ngo tubone uruhushya rwa komisiyo ishinzwe imiturire y'akarere ku rwego rwo guharanira aho batuye, nyir'inzu agomba gusohoza umubare wabyo ibisabwa bibi. Umwe muribo niwe wubahanye bwanditse w'abaturanyi kubera gucungurana, kandi ntibisabwa gusa na ba nyir'amazu aturanye, ariko nanone inzira yo kwiyandikisha mu bihe nk'ibi ari ndende cyane Kandi itwara igihe, byoroshye kubona politiki yubwishingizi bwinshingano kubandi bantu mugihe ivugurura ibibanza byo gutura - muri iki gihe byemeje ko abaturanyi batagukeneye.Imfashanyo n'amasezerano yashojwe mu bihe nk'ibi, iperereza ni nyir'inzu, kandi umuryango wubwubari ufite ubwishingizi- usaba akazi mu kuvugurura no gucungura. Muri iki gihe, imiterere iteganijwe yamasezerano ni ukubaho kw'uruhushya rwo kubaka (nyuma ya byose, gusana hamwe no gucuranga inyungu birakomeye kuruta gusanwa. Niba uhaye akazi gake ko ufite uruhushya nkurwo, birashoboka ko gusana bizakorwa nabi, kimwe nibishoboka byose kubandi bantu biyongera cyane. Kubwibyo, kugirango ducungure inzu yashyize mubikorwa umuryango wubwubahwa wubahwa, ushishikajwe no kuba bafite ubwishingizi buzaza, hamwe nisosiyete yubwishingizi. Gitoya (ugereranije nigiciro rusange cyo gusana) kuzigama amafaranga ubanza birashobora guhinduka igihombo kinini kumpera.
Nk'uko mu bijyanye n'ubwishingizi bw'inshingano rusange mu gihe cyo gucungwa (kuvugurura) ibibanza byo gutura, igihombo cyatewe n'abandi bantu. Ni ukuvuga ku baturanyi bawe, bitewe n'imirimo yo kubaka. Kurugero, niba inzu ikigobe cyabayeho hepfo, kubera imirimo idakozwe nabi (reka tuvuge, kumeneka kumuyoboro wa ower hamwe nijisho ryubwishingizi kuriryo), isosiyete yubwishingizi imenya ibyangiritse kandi yishyuwe ibyangiritse byatewe. Alfactor itanga kandi abakiriya bayo amahirwe yo gukosora igihe kinini cyubwishingizi. Ibi bivuze ko isosiyete izitabira ibibazo by'ubwishingizi bwabaye mu gihe cy'amasezerano, kandi mu gihe cyose nyuma y'iherezo ryayo, niba impamvu yo kwicwa ari imirimo y'ubwishingizi yakorewe mu gihe cy'ubwishingizi. "
Kuki mubyukuri byabaye ibibazo byingirakamaro byubwishingizi bwinshingano rusange mugihe cyo gucungwa mu nzu?
Sergei Nikitin, Umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubwishingizi bw'umwanya w'iperereza: "Hariho impamvu nyinshi hano. Mbere ya byose, impuzandengo y'amagorofa yiyongereye, kandi hamwe no kwiyongera k'ubusa , no gutegura-kwitegura. Iki nikintu gifatika byerekana ko ibyo abantu batangiye kubaho neza. Umubare nubunini bwimibare yiyongereye. Amaherezo, hari ibikoresho bikomeye muri iki gihe Emerera abantu bose gukora munzu yabo hafi ya byose biza mubitekerezo. Noneho, kugira "Bulugariya hamwe na Diyama, urashobora kwangiza. Mumwanya wa beto wegereye ntabwo wakozwe Akazu k'indege ku giti cye, ariko mu nyubako y'amagorofa, ingaruka za "guhanga" ziroroshye guhanura.. Moscou nimero 3 Nzeri 29 Nzeri 1999. "Ku nzira yo kuvugurura inyubako zo guturamo ku nyubako zo guturamo kuri Ifasi y'Umujyi wa Moscou "n'impinduka n'impinduka na byo, byemejwe ku ya 7 Mata 2004, ziyobowe gusa kugira ngo iyi sateurness. Ubwishingizi bw'inshingano rusange butanga ingwate z'imari bigira ingaruka ku rubanza niba hari ibyangiritse bikanabura kwirinda. "
Viktor Belikov, inzobere mu rwego rw'ubwishingizi bw'umutungo muri sosiyete myinshi: "Kuvuga ko ubu byari bifite akamaro, vuba aha, mu myaka mike ishize, hashize imyaka myinshi hamwe n'akarere . Syntoray mu murwa mukuru , nyirubwite azaba atagomba guhuza gusa umushinga gusa mubwubatsi - imicungire yo kwagura, isuku na Puntemiologio na Madamu .. Azakenera kubona uburenganzira bwa "Abantu bafite ibibanza byegeranye", ni ukuvuga, abaturanyi . Ibi byateguwe namasezerano yihariye yakazi. Bikwiye gukorwa kugirango twishyure ibyangiritse bishoboka garanti yubwishingizi Isosiyete, aho inzu yifuza gukora inzu iteganijwe kwishingikiriza ku bushobozi bwabo bwabaturage kubandi bantu mugihe cyo kubaka. Kugira ngo usoze amasezerano yubwishingizi, kopi yumushinga kugirango ucungure ibibanza nibisobanuro bya pasiporo ya nyir'amazu arakenewe.
Shingira inshingano zayo kubandi bantu mugihe bafite inyungu (reorcanisation) yinyubako, abashinzwe umutekano bagabanya amakimbirane ashoboka haba hamwe nuburanga kwabo, ndetse batanga kandi uburinzi ntarengwa bwinyungu zumutungo wawe. "
Nigute udushya mu mategeko ya Moscou rushobora kwibasirwa niki kibazo cyo kuvugurura amazu mu yindi mijyi no mu turere two mu Burusiya?
Sergey Nikitin: "Ibindi bisobanuro bya federasiyo y'Uburusiya byashobora kuba byiza gukurikiza uburambe bwa Moscou. Kugenzura ivugurura ryo kuvugurura mu nyubako zo guturamo birakenewe, kuva imirimo itabifitiye uburenganzira kandi itagenzuwe irashobora kugira ingaruka ku burenganzira n'inyungu z'abakodesha. Ariko kurundi ruhande, ubuyobozi bwakarere n'uturere ubwabyo byagena imirimo yibanze kubwabo. Kubwibyo, biragoye kubona ikintu icyo aricyo cyose, byinshi bizaterwa nuburyo uburambe bwumurwa mukuru bugenda neza. "
Victor Belikov: "Nkuko twabyemeye, ibikorwa byinshi byemewe bwa mbere muri centre, hanyuma tugareba mu nkengero. Niba uburambe bwumurwa mukuru bugenda neza, ndatekereza ko vuba aha azahabwa gukomeza mu turere. Imbere, iyi Birumvikana ko, umuka w'igituro kinini kizazuka mu mijyi minini, St. Petersburg, Novosibirk, Rostov-On-Don, Kazan, Krasnodar It .. "
Birashoboka kwishingira usibye inshingano zawe zabantu mugihe ucunguwe mu nzu? Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa politiki (inshingano zubaka, kurangiza + inshingano cyangwa ibindi guhuza) bikoresha icyifuzo gikomeye muri sosiyete yawe?
Sergey Nikitin: "Itsinda ry'ubwishingizi" ryisumbuye "kuva mu 1999. Kwiyegurira ingaruka z'imbogamizi z'ibibazo bifitanye isano no gucungura inyungu zisa mu nyubako zo guturamo. UNAS ifite ibicuruzwa bitandukanye:" Akazu kanjye ", imodoka yanjye," ubuzima bwanjye "bwa Idr." Amazu yanjye ", ahuza ubwishingizi bw'ibihugu n'abandi bantu, akoresha icyifuzo cyiza. Iyi politiki ifite ikiguzi gito kandi igufasha gusoza amasezerano yubwishingizi. Mu minota mike. Ariko ibicuruzwa byose bisanzwe hamwe nibipimo byagenwe biracyari munsi ya Politiki, Kubwibyo bigenwa kuri politiki, kubwibyo abakiriya bacu bakomeje kwishingira, gukora ibipolisi bibiri : Kuringaniza ubwishingizi bwo kurangiza n'umutungo kandi ukwane kubwubushobozi bwabaturage. Umuntu ukunda cyane Ubwenge buri gihe butanga icyifuzo mu bwishingizi butandukanye. "
Victor Belikov: "Iyo ushizeho umucungamubano, ntushobora kwishingira inshingano zawe gusa, ahubwo ugira ingaruka zo kubaka gusa. Iyo umaze gusana amazu bizarangira, birumvikana ko gahunda y'ubwishingizi bw'umuryango w'ubutegetsi. Gahunda zidasanzwe z'ubwishingizi bw'umutungo wa demokarasi yateye imbere. Kurugero muri gahunda yimbere, ikintu cyubwishingizi kiba umutungo wurugo. Mugihe kimwe, ntabwo ari ibintu byimbere bifite ubwishingizi, ariko, isosiyete yishingiwe, isosiyete izishyura Umukiriya nigiciro cyumutungo watakaye, nigiciro cyo gusana. Kubona politiki ntabwo bisabwa. Kugenzura ikintu. Kslov, muri societe ya buri muyobozi wubwishingizi ukurikiranwa 5% ( umusanzu).
Kubijyanye no gutandukanya ubwoko bubiri bwubwishingizi bwinshingano
Anna Norkequiche, umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe kugenzura Inzego z'isosiyete: "Ubwunganizi bw'umuntu ku giti cye - serivisi yigenga. Urashobora kwishingira umutungo wawe gusa, cyangwa inshingano zo gusana gusa irakorwa., Ubwishingizi bw'inshingano rusange z'umutungo usanzwe w'ibibanza nkibi mubyukuri ntaho bitandukaniye nubwishingizi gakondo mugihe cyimiturire. Itandukaniro gusa ni igiciro cya Premium yubwishingizi (amafaranga) kizabarwa . Ikigaragara nuko mugihe cyo gusana bizakoreshwa muburyo bwo kuzamura, kuva imirimo yo kubaka yongera amahirwe yibanze. Gusana gusanwa byiyongera. Gusana ibintu byiyongereyeho - uburebure bwa kwangirika sisitemu nibindi bibazo birashoboka rwose. Akenshi harigihe hari ibibazo ako kanya nyuma yuko akazi karangiye kuri bateri nshya, gitunguranye gitangira gutemba gusa, nubwo waguze byose byemejwe kandi byizewe. Niyo mpamvu ko muri sosiyete yacu ubuzima bwa serivisi budashingiye kubihe byo gusana, politiki yawe izemezwa byibuze mugihe cyumwaka.
Nibyo, kimwe nibicuruzwa byose byubwishingizi, ubwishingizi bwinshingano rusange yabapangayi bifite umwihariko. Nta bugenzuzi bwibibanza, nko mu mutungo w'ibyiringiro, muriki gihe ntibisabwa. Avoga igenzura amazu y'abaturanyi yaba yifuzwa, nubwo ukurikije amategeko bidashoboka (mubyukuri, iyi niyo yihariye yubu bwishingizi). Kudahinduka byo kugenzura leta yabaturanyi byongera amahirwe yuburiganya nuburiganya. Dufate ko wishingikirije inzu ku ya 1 Nzeri ukavuga ibya abaturanyi babikuye hasi. Noneho watangiye gusana, hanyuma ujugunye impamyabubasha kuri bateri, abaturanyi bahise bamenya. Bukeye, babitangaza barakaye ko kubera wowe baguye mu gicapo, hari ubutaba ku gicaniro cyaragaragaye, nubwo mubyukuri inzu yabo yaje gusenyuka mbere. Emeza cyangwa uhakanye ukuri kwangirika kubaturanyi no kumenya ubunini bwukuri bwigihombo biragoye, ariko birashoboka. Isosiyete y'ubwishingizi izakora ibi, kandi ni yoranze inyungu zawe mu rukiko. "
Ni bangahe politiki y'ubwishingizi bw'inshingano z'abaturage mugihe cyo gucungwa (kuvugurura) munzu? Igiciro cyacyo gishingiye ku ki?
Zinaida VysSkov: "Igiciro kigenwa n'ubwinshi bw'amafaranga y'ubwishingizi (imipaka y'isosiyete). Amafaranga asanzwe kuri ayo masezerano ni $ 10,000, $ 20.000. Igiciro cya Politiki ntarengwa ya $ 10,000 ni $ 100-150 kandi biterwa nigihe cyo gusana hamwe nubucukuzi, urutonde rwimirimo yo kubaka .. "
Victor Belikov: "Muri sosiyete yacu, ibiciro bibarwa ku giti cyabo, hakurikijwe ibyifuzo by'abashinzwe umutekano kandi, bitewe n'urwego rwibibazo by'ubwishingizi. Ibiciro by'ibanze byo kwizihiza abaturage mu gihe cyangwa kuvugurura ibibanza biri (bivuye ku ijana by'ubwishingizi): Kwangirika ku mubiri kuri 0.84%, ibyangiritse ku mutungo, 1.5%. Muyandi magambo, wishingikirije ku madolari ya $ 10,000, wowe, bitewe na Ubwoko bw'ibyangiritse, kwishyura politiki kuva $ 84 kugeza $ 150. "
Elena FIKIMO: "Iyo ubwishingizi bw'inshingano z'abaturage mu gihe cy'amadolari ibihumbi 10,000 mugihe cyo gukora premium yubwishingizi mu nzu (ni ukuvuga, ikiguzi cya politiki kizaba $ 100-300, bitewe n'ubwoko n'uburyo bwa Gukora imirimo yo gusana, amagorofa yicyumba, kuboneka cyangwa kubura amasezerano yumuryango wubwubatsi, mugihe cyumurimo hamwe nindi bintu byinshi. Avot mugihe cyubwishingizi bwigihugu kimwe Umubare w'amadolari 10,000 y'amadolari azaba $ 50-100, bitewe no guhumurizwa mu nzu, haboneka uruhushya rwo guharanira inyungu zakozwe mu gihe cyo kuva mu buturo yakorewe (n'impuguke, hasi, gukodesha, Igihe cy'ubwishingizi It.D. Buri bwoko bwubwishingizi buzatwara ikindi gihe 30-50% niba inshingano zabantu zizashingirwa mu kigo kiri mu nzu (yubaka) cyangwa imitungo itwara. "
Reka twizere ko ibirori byishingiwe bitazigera bikubaho. Niba ashize mu gihe cy'ibikorwa, isosiyete y'ubwishingizi igomba kwishyura indishyi mu minsi 3-20 nyuma yo kwakira inyandiko zose zikenewe ku rubanza rw'ubwishingizi cyangwa nyuma yo kujya mu gaciro urukiko. Tuzavuga ibintu bya tekinic muri kimwe mumibare ikurikira.
Irembo rya Spasss ", Rosno", "Irembo risanzwe", "ROSNAKHOVANIE," RESNO "," rusange "," Max "kugira ngo itegure gutegura ibintu.