Amazi meza niconic kumurongo. Gukemura ikibazo - sisitemu yo kurwanya igorofa kubisenge.
1 - Igikonoshwa;
2 - Breer Braid;
3 - Kwigunga;
4 - insinga
Igihe cy'itumba mu mpande zacu gake bibaho hakonje cyangwa ibinyuranye, birashyuha. Kenshi na kenshi, thew isimburwa nabasumba, gukonjesha - thaw. Umurwayi w'iki kibazo mu ba nyir'inzu benshi bigaragara ko ari ikibazo kitoroshye - Ikirano hamwe niconic ku mushinga. Urashobora kurwanya urubura ukoresheje sisitemu yo kurwanya icing.
Kuki urubura ari rubi
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, uburemere bw'iconika umunsi umwe gusa birashobora kwiyongera ku kilo icumi. Rero, isura nziza ya ice cone izatera ubwoba rwose kubaturage bose murugo. Nibyiza, ibyo, uzatekereza, amahirwe yo kugwa kuri icine ntabwo ari hejuru cyane, ariko niba bishoboka, birashobora gukomanga mubikoresho byose. Kuki ukoresha amafaranga mugushiraho sisitemu zimwe kurwanya urubura?Mubyukuri, ikibazo cyo guhimba igicucu ni kinini kuruta ikibazo, icine izagwa cyangwa ntabwo. Ntabwo gusenya burundu ice nini ihagije bitera akaga gakora ubuzima bwabantu kandi ntabwo byangiza ibinyabiziga gusa, ahubwo bishobora kwangiza ibinyabiziga gusa, ahubwo bishobora kwangiza ibinyabiziga gusa, ahubwo bishobora kwangiza ibinyabiziga gusa, ahubwo byangiriyeho ibinyabiziga gusa, ariko nanone ubwubatsi bwinzu. Bitewe no kwegeranya urubura, umutwaro wa mashini kubintu byihuta, utwugarizo kugirango duhambire imiyoboro yamazi hamwe nubutaka bwumurimo, bityo, kugirango twiyongere mubiciro byawe kuri akazi gakwiye gusana. Kubera ko imiyoboro hamwe na rutingi zifunze urubura, amazi mugihe cyizuba no mu itumba mugihe cya Cheaws cyangwa gutemba mu ijwi, cyangwa byatinze hejuru yinzu. Mu ntangiriro, ibishishwa birashoboka. Hanyuma barababara amagorofa yo hejuru hamwe nigice cyimpurunge hafi yumuyoboro kandi barangiza (ni ukuvuga imirongo y'ibibuno by'indege zo hejuru). Ibisubizo byisuku yubukanishi yo mumaso yinzu mugukura neza. Uyu murimo urakorana cyane, kandi igisenge ubwacyo kirashobora kwangirika cyane, kuko ibikoresho byinshi byo gusakara (icyuma cyamavuza, ibyuma byimiti, umuringa) byunamye cyane ku ngaruka zakanic.
Biragaragara ko ari ngombwa kurwanya urubura. Kandi hano uburyo bwo gushyushya amashanyarazi yibyo bice byigisenge burashobora gutabara, aho bishoboka ko imiterere yayo ari ngombwa. Ibyingenzi byubu bwoko nkibintu bishyushye bikoreshwa insinga zidasanzwe zashyizwe ahantu hafite imiyoboro hamwe nabaterankunga. Bitewe nibi, urubura rwomye ntiruhinduka urubura, kandi muburyo bw'amazi yashonga atemba hasi.
Byose ku rubura!
Ni iki gishobora kurwanywa na kamere kuri kamere? Ahari ikoranabuhanga rigezweho gusa. Mugihe ukora sisitemu yo kurwanya ipimbano, injeniyeri yavuyemo ibitekerezo ko byunguka cyane gushyushya amazi ashonga, utabihaye gukonjeshwa kuruta gushonga urubura rumaze gushyirwaho. Mugihe, bizasaba imbaraga nke, bivuze ko gukoresha amashanyarazi bizarushaho kuba mubukungu. Igikorwa nyamukuru cya sisitemu kiri mugihe cyitumba nahisha guherekeza amazi hejuru yinzu hejuru yurwego, gusa ntukemere ko uyihagarika ibintu byo hejuru no mumiyoboro, kandi icyarimwe ukureho kumeneka, kwangirika kurangiza isura no gufunga imiyoboro yamazi. Iki nigitekerezo cyoroshye rwose muburyo bwacyo muburyo bwimiterere yubuhanga bugoye. Ihame ry'umurimo we rishobora kuba rikurikiraho.
Ahantu hasumba "ibintu bitameze neza (intera, abavoka, birushaho gushingwa. . Gushyushya kugenzura thermostat idasanzwe yikora yemera amategeko avuye kumurongo umwe cyangwa benshi washizwe hejuru hejuru yinzu. Ibi birashobora kuba ubushyuhe, umwuka nubuhinzi nubushuhe, sensor igezweho. Bakimara kwerekana ko ibintu bigira uruhare mu gushiraho urubura mukirere (kandi ibi bibaho, mugihe cyimvura muri shampiyona cyangwa igitonyanga cyurubura rwigisenge mugihe cya chaw), thermostat ( Cyangwa porogaramu ya porogaramu, ubwoko bwa conteorologiya yo murugo) "ikora" amashanyarazi, kandi umugozi utwite utangira kwerekana ubushyuhe. Amazi yatunganiye mu bwisanzure kandi mu bwisanzure binyuze mu bice, trays na stinage.
Kuki Kugaragara Ibiti
Kubwibyo, urubura rwaguye hejuru yinzu ntigahagararirwa. Ibibazo byose nuko misa ya shelegi itangira guhindukirira urubura munsi yibintu bibiri - Techgenic na Kamere. Ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi burahindagurika hamwe na amplitude igera kuri 15c. Kandi hamwe no gusohora murwego rwo kuva +3 ... + 5C kumanywa kugeza -6 ...- 10c nijoro baremwe nibisabwa byiza kugirango igihugu gishimure igihugu. Amazi ya Melta mugice cyambere gitemba igice, gikonjesha igice, gikora amagorofa ya ice kumurongo no kumera. Ariko mugihe cyinzira zuzuye hejuru yinzu yimyanda yihuta y'amazi, aho habaho ubushyuhe bubi. Byongeye kandi, hamwe ningaruka zigufi yubushyuhe (kurugero, imirasire yizuba ryinshi), amacomeka yace ntabwo ashonga, ariko yiyongera. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imigereka yose yuzuye urubura, Corks na Wortic ni metero nyinshi kandi zipima ibirometero amagana, bibangamira ubusugire bwa sisitemu y'intara ishobora gushingwa.
Impamvu nyamukuru yo kugaragara itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati yigice cyo hagati cyinzu n'inkombe, aho imiyoboro iherereye. Irashobora kuvuka kubwimpamvu nyinshi. Ibisanzwe cyane ni ubushyuhe bunyuze hejuru hejuru hejuru no hejuru yinzu, bitewe nubushyuhe bwigisenge hejuru yumwuka wumuhanda. Itandukaniro ryubushyuhe ryiyongera niba nta muto wimbere munzu, niba abapadiri bongeye kubakwa muri ako karere, haba ibikoresho bya lisansi, nkibikoresho byo kwagura, etc. igice cyo hasi cyurubura rwinshi irashyirwaho, ihinduka amazi yashonga agenda mu mazi akonje kandi akonjesha aho, ahagarika gukuraho amazi. Amanota, amacakubiri, ubwoko bwose bwisumba, igisenge kigoye gifite inguni yimbere, imbuga zivanze hamwe n '"colla" zometseho amadirishya yinzura kuva kumurima uva mumigezi udasohoka. Kandi, ishyano, tanga umusanzu mugushinga urubura. Muburyo, uhereye kuriyi ngingo, inzobere zifata neza neza hagati hagati yuburusiya buryo bworoshye hamwe ningugu byibuze 30 nuburyo bwiza bwo gucengerwa.
Kubera imirasire y'izuba ku mbibi z'igifuniko cy'urubura, gushonga birakora. Nk'uko Meteorologiste, ugereranije, inziba n'inzibacyuho 70 zanditswe hejuru ya 0c. Iyi mihindagurikire ya buri munsi nimugoroba iganisha ku gukonjesha byihuse (bityo rero imiyoboro), mugihe imbaga ya shelegi hejuru yinzu, hamwe nibintu byibisenge ubwabyo, birashobora kuzigama ubushyuhe mugihe runaka.
Mubisanzwe, sisitemu yo kurwanya ico-ice no gushyushya igisenge na swiage igizwe na resiste nyinshi zikorwa. Ubwa mbere, nibyitwa "gushyushya inzira" - insinga zubushyuhe nyayo, igomba kuba ifite umutekano wamashanyarazi, irambagira inanga, irwanya izuba no kugwa kwikiniramo. Igice cyingenzi cya "gushyushya" ni ubwoko bwose bwibintu byo gufunga. Bakosora insinga zubushyuhe mubisenge byateganijwe mbere no muburyo bwa maryine. Kandi, icya kabiri, umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza ni imbaraga nimyandikire (amakuru) insinga no gushushanya imigozi yo guhindura insinga. Ubu butegetsi butanga inshingano zo guha imbaraga kubintu byose bigize igice gishyushye kandi gikora ibimenyetso byerekana amakuru ava mubyemezo byo kugenzura. "Umutima" wo kurwanya intungamubiri ni gahunda yo kugenzura byikora aho the the the theators idasanzwe irimo, ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, ibikoresho byo guhindura no gukingira no kurinda ibikoresho byo kurinda no gukingira no kurinda ibikoresho byo kuringaniza no gukingura no kurinda ibikoresho byo kuringaniza no gukingura no kurinda ibikoresho.
Ubushyuhe bukora ku nsinga
Ubu ni igihe cyo kuvuga kubintu byingenzi bya sisitemu. Reka dutangire hamwe nibyingenzi, hamwe nibintu byo gushyushya. Uruhare rwashyushya mubibazo byo kurwanya icing gikinishwa ninsinga zidasanzwe. Ishyirwaho ryabo ni uguhindura amashanyarazi kubushyuhe bubatemba. Kubwibyo, imbaraga kuri buri burebure (ubushyuhe bwihariye bwo kurekura) nubuhanga bwabo bwingenzi. Umugozi wa kabili ushyirwaho kandi ushyirwaho ahantu hagenewe gushushanya, ku nkombe y'inzu n'ibitonyanga, mu magorofa, mu matara, imiyoboro, man.), nibindi byose hamwe na sisitemu yo kumeneka. Ku gisenge kiringaniye no gusakara hamwe n'umusozi muto (kugeza kuri 30), umugozi wo gushyushya usanzwe washyizwe hejuru cyangwa uhabwa inkoni ya marnage hamwe no kwakira imiyoboro.Intsinga zo kurwanya zihora zidahinduka ku burebure bwose kandi kigizwe na lisansi core, insulation, umuringa wuzuyeho hamwe nigikonoshwa cyo hanze. Uyu munsi, isoko ry'Uburusiya ryerekana insinga zirisha zakozwe na "sisitemu yihariye n'ikoranabuhanga", cyangwa CST), muri Espanye), Nexlans), Nexans Noruveje nk (Alcatel, Noruveje / Ubufaransa), Devi (Danemark).
Nkibisobanuro, mugihe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byombi, cyangwa umugozi utanze mukigobe (ingoma). Ibice bimaze gukorwa ibicuruzwa biteguye aho igice cyuburemere bukenye hamwe nimyoro idasanzwe kuruganda rurafunzwe nicyitwa "Impyisi Yagaburiwe" Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Uburebure bw '"imbeho ikonje" irakemurwa kandi ni 0.75-3m. Impera yinyoni zibi zirakomera mumasanduku yo gukwirakwiza, aho zifunzwe hamwe nizindi miyoboro y'amashanyarazi, kugirango imbaraga ziva mu mbaraga zisigaye zitanzwe. Mubyukuri, mubyukuri igice cyo gushyushya nikintu nyamukuru cya sisitemu yo kurwanya impinduka, kandi guhuza bihuza insinga zikonje hamwe na kabili ihora ashyushya kandi ikonje cyane ni ikintu gikomeye cyibishushanyo mbonera. Ubuzima bwa serivisi buterwa no kwizerwa kwa sisitemu, bityo abakora mubisanzwe bafite igice cyubukwe mubidukikije bikaze cyane. Ibigo byinshi bihuza insinga zuzuye imitsi hamwe ninsinga zikonje ukoresheje amaboko adahwitse. Abashyizwe mu gasanduku ka pulasitike hanyuma bazuzuza mastike idasanzwe. Ibi biremeza kwizerwa no gukomera kwinkuru. Kata ibice biteguye ntibishobora.
Ubundi buryo ni ugushiraho umugozi ushuka uva mu bay. Umugozi nkiyi waciwe aho uryamye, kandi uhuza ubushyuhe bukomeye bukoreshwa muguhuza intoki cyangwa ibindi bice bishyushya.
Ibigo byinshi bitanga ibice biteganijwe gushyushya, kandi umugozi ugenda. Rero, insinga ya DSIG iva kuri Devi, amabuye ya sv, muri TVK yo muri THERMO, Tassu muri recs yahawe mubice bifite uburebure buhamye bwo gushyushya no gusanga. Insinga ziri mu bobbins zitanga seilhit, Nexans, Deyi, Tash, ibitondi, ntibishoboka: Ntibishoboka: Ntibishoboka: Imbaraga zihariye na voltage yakoresheje voltage. Ubushyuhe bufite imbaraga biterwa nubunini bwigice. Krymera, kugirango ubone imbaraga zisabwa za 30w / m. Kuri Cable hamwe no kurwanya 70m / m. Dukeneye uburebure bwa 15.5m. Niba ari bike, umugozi uzahoraho niba utageze ku butegetsi bw'izina.
Ikibazo cyo gushinga ubutaka kijyanye nubukonje bukonje mugihe cyitumba, ariko mugihe cyo gutunganya, mugihe ubushyuhe bwikirere bwanyuze kuri zeru n'amazi ahita akonjesha. Rimwe na rimwe kuri +3 ... + 4C ni urubura n'imvura, kandi ubushyuhe bukenewe gusa. Ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwurubura aho gushonga urubura hejuru yinzu birahagarara. Icyerekezo iyi nzira ihagarara kuri 0s. Ariko kubera ko inyubako itakaza igice cyubushyuhe bunyuze hejuru yinzu, amazi arashobora gutonyanga mubice no kuri -10s. Akenshi igisenge ntigifite ubushishozi bukwiye; Amazu menshi, yubatswe cyane cyane, afite amagorofa anyuramo ubushyuhe bukabije, kandi, kubwibyo, urubura hejuru yinzu kibaho cyane.
Imikorere ya sisitemu yo kurwanya icing ku bushyuhe hepfo -15, nk'itegeko, ntabwo ikenewe. Ubwa mbere, muriki gihe, mubisanzwe ntabwo byakozwe kugirango ubone kandi bigabanye cyane ubushuhe kubera gutakaza ubushyuhe bwimisozi ubwayo. Icya kabiri, mubihe nkibi, umubare wimvura yamanutse muburyo bwa shelegi.
Ntabwo ari ugutera ubwoba niba urubura ruguye mugihe cyikirere cyibike. Gushonga, ugomba gukomera, mubitekerezo, shyira udusimba 3 cyangwa 4. Ariko iyi ni kwiyongera mubiciro bya sisitemu 2 cyangwa 3. Kubwibyo, byumvikana gutegereza, mugihe ubushyuhe na shelegi bizatangira kuzamura. Niyo mpamvu uburyo bwakazi bwa sisitemu bugarukira ku bushyuhe -6 buture ...- 15C.
Kugeza ubu, abakora batanga insinga zirwanya cyangwa intambara imwe (hamwe nuwacumbitsemo utuye), cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera cy'inkono) (imiyoboro y'amavuko abiri (ubushyuhe bumwe, guhuza kabiri, guhuza kabiri). Icyiciro na A UMWE-core ubushyuhe wire isano ku urusobe gutanga ku mpera zombi, maze bombi-core Ukwihuza gusa ku mpera imwe (ku ahateganye hari Kubira, imbere bikaba bizana na ihuza mitsi isano). Gukoresha insinga ebyiri zububiko buroroshye mugihe ushizemo, ariko birahenze cyane kurenza umwe. Imitsi ushyushya irinzwe no kwinjiza ibiro byinshi bya molecular polyethylene, hejuru yacyo kindi rwego rwo gusuzuma gikoreshwa, hanyuma umuringa wikingira umuringa. Hanze, umugozi urinzwe nimbaraga nyinshi za chloride ya chloride (pvc) cyangwa ziva kuri fluoropolymes.
Birumvikana ko buri mwambi ufata yitondeye ko umugozi we utanga igihe kirekire gishoboka kandi cyari cyizewe. Kurugero, insinga ya SVK ya SVK yo kurwanya Thermo Imitsi iri kuri buringaniye irinzwe nimiti yinjijwe mu muringa wa muddy. Insulation y'imbere, imitsi ikozwe muri reberi ya silicone, irwanya ubushyuhe. Inyigisho zinyongera ni firime nyinshi-ya polyester. Umugozi ubwawo urashimangirwa na fiberglass, kandi igikonoshwa cyo hanze gikozwe muri PVC. Ku isoko ry'Uburusiya, insinga ziva mu Ceilhit hamwe na Teflon yatwitse imitsi yagaragaye, ituma bishoboka gusa ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gushyushya (kugeza kuri 50-60 °, ariko nanone kunoza uburinganire bwubushyuhe kurohama.
Nkuburyo butandukanye mubyiciro byo kurwanya "insinga zubushyuhe", urashobora kuvuga ibyo bita ingofero za zone. Batangwa, nk'urugero, ibicuruzwa by'ubushyuhe (Ubwongereza) na CST. Ikintu cya lisansi hano ni uduce twisinze kuva mu kurwanya imitambire hejuru, tuzindutse ku bayobora bombi batuje. Byongeye kandi, "spiral" yimyororoke hamwe niyi nzu ntabwo irenze 1m. Rero, ahantu ho gutandukana nubushyuhe hashyizweho, bihujwe muburyo busa. Umugozi ufite uduce twinshi twishyushya kandi dushobora gukoreshwa. Kubatinda, ntukandagira ibyago byurunigi rwose. Insinga za zone rimwe na rimwe zitwa "quasis-coolting", kuko mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho zishobora gucibwa "kumwanya" ibice, byinshi muburebure bwa zone ishyuha, muriki kigo. Bityo bigagabanya insinga birenze.
Insinga zo Zoni zifite itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe riva kuri 15 kugeza kuri 200w / m (ukurikije igice cyambukiranya uruziga) kandi gifite imbaraga kuva ku mpera imwe. Basabwe gushyirwa hejuru yinzu, mugihe kirekire kandi ndende-domed-domes nandi), kimwe na sisitemu aho kubura ubutaka byuzuye. Vitunga igaragara ko icyarimwe biranga umugozi wa zone imbere kubera kubura icyubahiro.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwinsinga zirwanya zirashobora gufatwa nkintwaro zabo zintwaro hamwe ninyongera cyangwa ebyiri zirubakwa kuva kumeneka yicyuma - kugirango uburinzi bwizewe bwo kwangirika. Agace k'ingenzi ko gushyira mu bikorwa insinga iyo turyamye muri beto yatunganije uburyo bwa sisitemu yo gushyushya ahantu, intambwe, intambwe, kimwe na trays.
| Ubwoko bwa kabili | Gahunda nyamukuru | Imbaraga, w / m | Uburebure | Gukoresha hejuru yinzu | Igiciro, $ / m |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kurwanya | Pipelines Yashyushye, Trays, Imiyoboro | 5-30; Imbaraga zihamye | Bikosowe, 10-200 m | Bigarukira | 2.5-5 |
| Kwiyobora | Pipelines Yashyushye, Trays, Imiyoboro | 5-60; Imbaraga zihinduka | Umuntu wese kugeza kuri m 150, guca aho hantu | Byuzuye | 13-25 |
| Zone | Pipelines Yashyushye, Trays | 10-80; Imbaraga zihamye hamwe nibishoboka byo gukosora bidafite agaciro | Umuntu wese kugeza kuri m 150, guca aho hantu | Gushyuha | 3-10. |
| Intwaro | Gushyushya umwanya, amazi | 20-60; Imbaraga zihamye | Byakosowe, hamwe nibishoboka byo kuzamuka aho 1-2 m | Amashanyarazi ashyushye, abatonyanga, trays | 2-4 |
Mu Burusiya, insinga zirwanya hamwe n "" intwaro "zitangwa cyane cyane na sosiyete. Cyamavuza, byumwihariko, umugozi wimiturire ibiri urwanya tsb yimbaraga nyinshi (kugeza 30w / m) kugirango utsindire igisenge, kumenagura no kumburwa hanze. Igicuruzwa gifite imbaraga nyinshi zamashanyarazi no kurwanya kurenza urugero. Nibiba ngombwa, urashobora guhitamo umugozi hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije, urugero, intwaro em2-xr kuva Raychem ufite ubushobozi bwo kugera kuri 130w / m. Imvugo "ibimutwe" igomba kuba irimo insinga za PSV (gutura, hamwe n'umuringa w'icyuma. Kima Armor d kuva kuri Kima, kimwe na MbC Intwaro ya MbC yakozwe na CST mu gikonoshwa.
Intsinga zo kurwanya Uburusiya zirahendutse. Kubijyanye nibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga, 1Pog.m yumugozi wikirango iyo ari yo yose igura $ 1.5-5. Amahitamo yicyumba ebyiri ahenze kuruta umurongo umwe hafi $ 0.05-0.1. Mugihe kimwe, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa kubakora bitandukanye biri kurwego rwo hejuru. Umugozi urwanya Umusaruro wo murugo kuri sisitemu yo kurwanya icing "Teploskat" kuva CST igura hafi $ 2.5-3 kuri 1Pog.m.
Ibinyuranye no kurwanya insinga zihita zihindura itandukanijwe nubushyuhe bitewe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, ingano yubushyuhe yasohotse iratandukanye, nukuvuga, mugace: buri gice cyinzoka "ihuza" mubice bikikije. Ibi bibaho bite? Ikindi cyitwa Matrix yakozwe muri polymer hiyongereyeho ibikoresho bya karubone buyobora kandi biherereye hagati yitwara abantu babiri muri iki gihe cyo gushyushya mu migozi. Iyo urubuga ruri mu bushyuhe buke bwibidukikije, ibikoresho byo gushyushya bigizwe, irwanya igabanuka, ihohoterwa rinyura muri matrix, kandi ritandukanya imbaraga nyinshi. Ni ukuvuga, ku gice gikonje cy'umugozi, ubu ntabwo buriho byatembye ku buzima, ariko hakurya, kuva mu mutwe umwe ujya mu wundi. Iyo ubushyuhe bwarezwe, kurwanya amashanyarazi ya matrix biba hejuru cyane, bikayobora kugabanuka gukabije mubushobozi bwabuto. Ibisekuru by'imivugo birahinduka kandi bitewe nibidukikije bifite umugozi, vuga, mu mazi yashonga cyangwa mu kirere. Kubikorwa byiza bya sisitemu mububiko bwikirere bwuburusiya, ukurikije inzobere mu Burusiya, hari umugozi uhagije ufite ubushyuhe buhuje 0с-36w / m mu mazi yashonga na 18w / m mu kirere.
Mu isoko ryacu, insinga yo kwiyobora ihagarariwe nuburyo butandukanye (kuva 13 kugeza 66w / m). Birahagije kwitirirwa D3 muri Raychem-ispad (Ubudage), GM-2x Kuva Raychem (USA K-3 kuva muri Grexans, FSR na FGRE kuva CST, RGS kuva muri THERMON. et al. Ibiciro kuri bo, byibuze inshuro 4 zirenze inzitizi. Ibi birasobanurwa nibiranga abaguzi birebire hamwe nakazi-ubukana bwo gukora. Nkibisobanuro, umugozi mwiza wo kwiyobora urashobora kubisanga byibuze $ 11 kuri 1pog.m. Ibicuruzwa biva mu Burayi bigura $ 10-30 kuri 1Pog.m. Ibicuruzwa byinshi bihendutse byikirusiya (CST) - kuva $ 11.2 kugeza $ 12.4.
Urebye neza birasa nkaho ushobora gukiza, kubona mububiko ibicuruzwa bihendutse. Mubyukuri, sisitemu nyayo idafite iterambere ryumushinga kandi ishyirwa mubikorwa ryakazi ko kwishyiriraho ntacyo bivuze. Nkibindi, ibigo binini bishyirwaho bikora hamwe nibikoresho bimwe nibikoresho. Dufite ubwenge, kubera ko isosiyete isumba uburambe mugushushanya no guhuza neza sisitemu yuburusiya. Kuvuga, itsinda rya KPD itsinda ryabasosiyete barwanya icying rishingiye ku nsinga za Devi, isosiyete Islani yakoresheje muri Raychem na ISopad, ndetse no kurwanya ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri Nexans, ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri Teploscat bishingiye kuri insinga z'umusaruro wacyo.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa cable ari byiza guhitamo? Intsinga zirwanya zitanga imbaraga zongerewe imbaraga kandi nibiba ngombwa, zishobora gushyirwa munzuki nke (urugero, insinga ziva mu mbaraga za 25-30w / M zisanzwe zirimo imirongo ibiri cyangwa itatu). Gukoresha imbaraga zingirakamaro bigufasha kugabanya uburebure bwa kabili kandi ugabanye umubare wihuta. Umurongo wa Atvalit wumurongo wo kurwanya umugozi utanga amahirwe yo gushyushya hafi ahantu hose yinzu. Umugozi urwanya ni elastike, ufite radiyo ntoya yemewe (itumiza 100mm) kandi igwa neza kuruhande rwibisenge byayose.
Birumvikana ko insinga zubu bwoko zihenze, ariko zifite inenge nyinshi. Umwe muribo ni akeneye kwitabwaho burundu. Neza, kuvanaho igihe cyo kuva hejuru yimyanda, byibuze mbere yo gutangira igihe cyitumba, ntabwo byoroshye niba ari igisenge gifite igisenge cyoroshye cyangwa hamwe na slide ihanamye. Kutagira umugozi munini wa kabili - kurwanya ingufu zihamye hejuru yuburebure bwigice. Ni ukuvuga, mubice bitandukanye bikora ibice byihariye bya kabili, gutandukana nubushyuhe biracyari kimwe. Tekereza: Igice kimwe cyigice kiri ku gisenge gisukuye, icya kabiri - munsi yikirundo cyamababi yaguye, nuwa gatatu-munsi yurubura rwinshi. Sensor, yitabira ubuhehere munsi yitwikiriye urubura, harimo sisitemu, ariko ko igice gikora neza, kiri munsi yurubura, isigaye ishyushye gusa umwuka, umara amashanyarazi. Amababi-amababi ni umugozi kandi urashobora gukanda umugozi.
Kwigenga insinga zihindura itandukanijwe nubushyuhe bitewe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe. Kurugero, moderi ya GM-2x kuva Raychem, FSR 31 kuva CST, iki cyerekezo gihinduka kuva 10 kugeza 40w / m. Gufunga imbaraga umugozi urwanya uhora ugaragaza 30w / m, ariko mu gihe cy'itumba nk'itumba hashobora kubaho bike, kandi mu mpeshyi, cyane. AESLY uzirikana ibipimo byingenzi bya sisitemu - Kunywa amashanyarazi, hano ni umugozi wo kwiyobora hanze. "Yumva" aho n'imbaraga zingana no gutanga imbaraga. Niba batanga amazi kuri sisitemu yo kuvoma, ni byiza gushira mumigambi idahwitse, ahubwo ni insinga. Bashyizwe aho, ahari akaga k'ibisenge bifunze hamwe n'imiyoboro ya foromaje yaguye, imbuto n'amababi y'ibiti.
Kwigenga umugozi wumuhanda, ariko birashobora gutemerwa mubice byuburebure bwose (kuva 20cm). Kurwanya byibwe kubice byuburebure bwagenwe, mubisanzwe ntabwo buringaniye nuburebure bwimiyoboro. Birakenewe "kuzenguruka" kugeza ku gice cyegereye, bityo rero ibikoresha byiyongera. Uko umugozi ushushanyijeho, urushaho umwanya wakazi, ni ukuvuga ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho. Uruhande rukomeye, umugozi urwanya ukwiranye nibibazo mugihe ugomba guhangana nubwinshi bwumurongo umwe (kurugero, imiyoboro 10 ya diin hamwe nuburebure bwa 10m). Kugaragaza igice cyuburebure bwifuzwa, umugozi urenze urugero birashobora kugabanuka kugeza byibuze.
Dukurikije serivisi z'ikirere ...
Hano hari imipaka yubushobozi bwashyizweho bwo gushyushya sisitemu yasobanuwe hashingiwe ku myitozo. Kudahitira kuganisha ku kudahungabanya sisitemu mubushyuhe bwagenwe, hamwe nimbaraga zikomeye zo kurenganungerwa kwuzuye amashanyarazi nta terambere mukazi.
Ku turere twa horizontal yinzu, imbaraga zihariye kuri gahunda yubuso bwibice bishyushye (tray, chute etc.) bigomba kuba byibuze 180-250W / M2. Imbaraga zumurongo zo gushyushya mu miyoboro igomba kuba byibuze 20-30w kugeza ku burebure bwa 1m kandi ikure nkuko uburebure butagira amazi yiyongera kuri 60-70w / m. Imbaraga zibazwe na sisitemu yose yinzu yigihugu biterwa cyane nubuso bwigisenge, ni bangahe bivuye mu iboneza n'imiyoboro y'amazi na trays, uburebure (amagorofa) y'inyubako. Tuzagira 3-4KW. Ku murongo woroshye, igisenge ni inshuro 2 ntarengwa kuruta uruganda - hamwe na barrets, ibikoresho, ingengabitekerezo, ifunze na.d. Ibiranga, ubwoko bwa kabili ntabwo bugira ingaruka kubutegetsi bwabazwe bushyirwa mumushinga. N'ubundi kandi, umurimo w'ingenzi ugomba kuba uhagije kugirango imikorere myiza ya sisitemu yose.
Gushyushya insinga- nubwo nyamukuru, ariko ntabwo aricyo kintu cyonyine cya sisitemu yo kurwanya pop. Benshi bizera ko sisitemu igomba gushyirwamo iyo urubura, undi niho agomba gukora imbeho zose. Ibishya - Ntabwo nitaye kubyo gushyushya inshingano. Mubyukuri, intungamubiri igabanya ubupfura kuri algorithm yatanzwe, hanyuma ukoreshe gushyushya, hanyuma uzihindure kandi uhindure sisitemu muburyo bwo guhagarara.
Imikorere yo kugenzura yahawe abagenzuzi badasanzwe bakorewe kuri Devi, bafata, Raychem, Danemark OJ E elektronik, Eberle yo mu Budage. Kubisenge bito bitoroshye, amahitamo yoroshye ashingiye ku bushyuhe na sensor ya thermostat gusa, ikubiyemo sisitemu gusa yubushyuhe runaka (mubisanzwe kuva + 3-4c). Vuga 15. Kugenzura sisitemu yo kurwanya icing ku gisenge kitoroshye, birasabwa gushiraho thermostat ya gahunda, akenshi yitwaje sitasiyo y'ibitekerezo. Muri icyo gihe, usibye ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, sensososo yo kuboneka k'ubushuhe n'umutwe w'imvura birimo. Kusanya "Ubumenyi bwikirere" no gusesengura amakuru yerekeye ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, nyuma yo gukora mu buryo bwikora. Byongeye kandi, kurenga ku bikorwa bya sisitemu bikurikiranwa, nkuko byatangajwe na beep nandi makuru kuri kirimbuzi ya kirimbuzi ya kirimbuzi. Em 524 87 Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwa desidery kuva Eberle bigura $ 490, kandi ibikoresho bisa Devireg 810 kuva Devi hamwe na Devi hamwe na sisitemu yubatswe na $ 430.
Ubushyuhe bubangamiyeho iterabwoba ryo kubaho k'ubutaka kandi rero, ni ngombwa gukoresha insinge gushyushya, "gushyirwaho" ku murongo wa thermostat. Sisitemu ikora kuri algorithm igoye kuruta thermostat yoroshye. Niba ubushyuhe bwumuhanda buhuye nurwego rwagenwe hamwe na sensors yanditse isura yubushuhe cyangwa kugwa, thermostat mu buryo bwikora ihinduka kuri sisitemu. Mugihe urwaye, kandi sensor "yoherejwe" ko nta mvura na barafu, sisitemu izahindukira kuri "Handy Mode".
Kurugero, ubushyuhe bwa 200e umugenzuzi ($ 186, hamwe no kwikora- $ 230), niyihe sengile yubushyuhe bwa digitale Abagenzuzi bakurikirana ntabwo ari ubushyuhe runaka, ahubwo no kuba hariho imvura muburyo bwa shelegi. Imvura isebanya, yakozwe muburyo bwa "igikombe" gishyushye kandi gifite amapine ebyiri, zifunze mugihe urubura rwinjiye, rutanga ikimenyetso cyo gufungura sisitemu mugihe cya shelegi. Insinga zirashyuha, shelegi na barafu muri chute na trays zitangira gushonga, gushonga. Niba urubura ruhagaze, sencication yimvura ihindura ikimenyetso gihuye kubaminisitiri. Ariko icyarimwe, sisitemu iracyakora kuri sensor, ishyirwa mubice byo hasi (ahantu hafi yumuyoboro wamazi) kugenzura, niba ubuhehere bwikirahure ari. N'ubundi kandi, birashobora kubaho ko urubura rukomeye ruzagenda muri make. Bizareka kugenda, ahubwo byateguwe bizakomeza kugira igihe kugirango indege zose zimeze zizorimburwa byoroshye. Biragaragara ko imirimo nyamukuru ikorwa kuri sensor eshatu. Hashobora kubaho ikibazo mugihe nta rubura, ariko hamwe na 0s hari. Urubura, ruherereye hejuru yinzu, rutangira gushonga. Niba ubuhehere bugaragara kuri sensor, sisitemu ihita ikora.
Ubushyuhe bwa sensor bushyizwe mu gicucu, ahantu habi, kure y'amasoko yubushyuhe, ahantu h'ubushyuhe, chimneys kugirango ibipimo bikorerwe kamere ifite intego nyinshi. Imvura igwa nibyiza ahantu hafunguye kugirango hatabaho. Nibyifuzo kugirango uhitemo urubuga rwo kwishyiriraho kugirango ushyireho umuyaga mwinshi, urubura rugwa ntirukomoka kuri sensor. Hanyuma, sensor yamazi ishyirwa ahantu hasi cyane ya sisitemu yo kuvoma. Ntugahagarike inkuru no "icyerekezo" cyibikoresho ku baburanyi. Byifuzwa gushyira sensor mumajyepfo, kuko irahari mugihe amazi atangiye kurambura amazi. Mu nzu y'igihugu, nk'ubutegetsi, imwe yo kwikora.
Kwishyiriraho no kugura
Urashobora gutumiza igishushanyo no kwishyiriraho sisitemu ya kabili mu kigo cyihariye. Bafite amahame atari menshi. Niba uhisemo kurwanya ibishushanyo, nibyiza guhamagara inzobere mu mwanya. Guhaguruka, gupima no kubara mubisanzwe ni ubuntu (ariko umubare wibigo bifata amadorari 50 kuri ibi). Kugirango umenye ikiguzi cya terefone ya sisitemu, ugomba kumenya byibuze uburebure bwa trays na pisine no mumashanyarazi no muri make kugirango ukubwire ko ufite hejuru yinzu. Niba igisenge cyoroshye (bibiri cyangwa bine-bikomeye), uburebure bwinzira n'imiyoboro birazwi, birashoboka cyane ko uvuga neza, umubare nibikoresho bizatwara. Niba igisenge kigoye, utagiye ku kintu kandi upima bigoye kuvuga kubintu byose.
Ariko inzobere zizakora ibipimo byateganijwe ku gisenge, bizagerageza kumenya ahantu hashobora guteza imbere urubura n'urubura. Uburebure bw'inyubako nabwo bwagenwe; Uburebure, uburebure n'ubugari bw'inzu; kubogama kw'igisenge; Uburebure na diameter ya pisine; Uburebure n'ubunini bwa trays, imiyoboro. Swami izaganira aho hantu hashyushye, shimira ubushobozi buke buhamye kuri sisitemu yose, umubare wurudodo nubwoko budodo bwumugozi, kandi, nibiba ngombwa, gushimangira ibikorwa bya sisitemu algorithm.
Ikibazo cyo gufunga umugozi wo gushyushya muburyo bwurukundo ni ngombwa cyane, kubera ko bidahagije guta insinga muri tray, igomba kuryama ahantu hatemba. Abashiraho bamwe batanga "Brande" ifata plastike kubakora. Kwishyiriraho muri uru rubanza, bibaho vuba, kandi uzafata amafaranga make kumurimo. Ariko niba gufunga plastike inkomoko itazwi, bazakorera imwe, ibihe ntarengwa bibiri. Andi masosiyete akoresha urupapuro rwimikino aho clamp idasanzwe yunamye. Bafatanije muburyo bwo kudasiga ibyangiritse muri tray (hejuru yumuyoboro).
Urwego rwo hejuru rwujuje ibyangombwa biyishiraho, umwobo muto hejuru yinzu. Tekereza kandi imiyoboro idakozwe, insinga zigenwa hamwe nibintu byo gufunga hejuru. AVT niba umugozi ushyizwe hejuru yinzu, birumvikana gushiraho urubura (aba nyuma "" bakururwa "nigisenge cyo hejuru ukoresheje imiyoboro yo kwikubita cyangwa anchor).
Ikoranabuhanga riterwa no gusakara. Reka tuvuge kumigozi karemano yubusanzwe ntabwo imaze kurenga, kubera ko idashizweho hafi yo gusinzira. Bitewe nububabare bwibikoresho byo kugenda hejuru yinzu no gucukura umwobo muriyo bigoye, bityo rero gushyushya inzira n'imiyoboro.
Niba igisenge gitwikiriwe nicyuma, menya neza ko umubare wimyobo munsi yumuzi uhindutse muto. Ibigo byinshi (Samris, gukora neza, Ceilhit) muriki gihe, bibanza gusiga imyenda ya rubric ku gisenge, aho umugozi uhakana ukemuwe. Ibisenge byoroshye nibyiza hamwe nigisenge cyinshi, Uruhare rwibice byinyongera hano bigira urwego rukomeye rwumuhengeri. Niba, nk'inyongera yo gushyushya imiyoboro, birakenewe gushimangira igisenge nk'iki gikoresho gikoresha, ushyira mu gaciro azitaho kugira ngo ibyobo byose binjizwe neza.
Ku bijyanye no kuganira ku kiguzi kigereranya sisitemu yo kurwanya icing ku gisenge gishingiye ku migozi ishingiye ku mihanda no kwiyobora, itandukaniro ry'igihe ane ku giciro ridasobanura kandi inshuro nyinshi. Nyuma ya byose, ibice byinshi (kugenzura Inama y'Abaminisitiri, Sisitemu yo gutanga Ingufu, ifunga) ni kimwe ku bwoko bwose bwo gushyushya. Itandukaniro rero ntabwo rinini: sisitemu ifite insinga yo kwiyobora irahenze kugeza 30-40%.
Gusunika ibikoresho byo muri abakora bitandukanye bigaragazwa na kashe zitandukanye, ariko uko byagenda kose nibicuruzwa byubaka: abv, umukono, siemens, amashanyarazi rusange ,.d. Imashini yinjiza igenzura sisitemu yubugenzuzi, order orter (unyuzemo ibikorwa bya sisitemu byahinduwe), Udo (Igikoresho cyo Gufunga Imashini ya 30Mametse hamwe nitsinda ryamatsinda birasa n'ingabo y'amashanyarazi.
Byose ari bangahe? Kurugero, sisitemu ya synthetike na sisitemu yo kurwanya irwanya insinga za nexans (Norven) zitanga imiyoboro muri 55-40w / m cable interan hamwe nu mugozi wamazi, hamwe na cm yinzu. imbaraga zihariye za 300-350W / M2. Rero, reka tuvuge, ku gisenge hamwe na perimetero ya 60m (agace ka imwe ni 200m2), 12m hamwe n'ibinyabiziga bine bizakenera gahunda hamwe n'imbaraga za 12.2KW. Urebye ko mu mwaka ugiye ku myaka 35-40, igihe ibintu bya Meteo bigira uruhare mu gushiraho ubutaka na shelegi, birashoboka kumenya uko gukoresha amashanyarazi mugihe cya shampiyona. Iyo ikoreshwa nka sisitemu yo kuyobora, "Siteorologiya", iki cyerekezo ntikizanza kunanirwa igihumbi 6-10. Igiciro cyibikoresho nibikoresho byinzu hamwe nibipimo byagenwe bizaba bigera kuri 2200.
Agaciro k'ibanze mu kwishyiriraho ibigo bitandukanye biruka kuva ku ya 30-35 kugeza kuri 50% by'agaciro k'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho (ku mazu imwe n'ibirimo ndetse n'amagorofa abiri). Niba ibikorwa byo hejuru bikenewe bifitanye isano no kubaka scafolding, gushiraho intambwe cyangwa test-tesys, noneho izi serivisi zishyurwa ukundi.
Serivisi irakenewe mumafaranga agera kuri $ 100-250 kumwaka. Iyo akazi ko kugenzura, inzobere mu isosiyete igenzura imiterere yo hanze y'ibice byo gushyushya, bikurura imibonano mu gasanduku ka terminal, bisaba kugenzura Inama y'Abaminisitiri no gukora mu buryo bwose. Amashanyarazi akorwa mu cyi cyangwa mu mpeshyi, mbere yo kuzana sisitemu "kwitegura".
Ariko menya neza, ugeze ku kirere kigukonje utigeze ugira wigenga kibaho uburyohe butagira ibyiringiro hamwe nurubura hejuru yinzu. Ubuhanga bugezweho bwageze ku gutsinda neza.
Abanditsi bashimira ibiro bihagarariye Raychem, Devi, Seilhit, hamwe na sosiyete Nyiricyubahiro. "Sisitemu yihariye n'ikoranabuhanga", imikorere yo gufasha mugutegura ibintu