Muri sisitemu yo gushyushya, amazi yombi n'amazi adakonje birashobora gukoreshwa - antifreeze. Ibyifuzo byabo nibibi kandi bizaganirwaho.
Nkuko bizwi, amazi hamwe namazi adakonje arashobora gukoreshwa nkibumba muri sisitemu yo gushyushya. Buri kimwe muri ibyo bikonje gifite ibyiza byacyo nibibi. Tuzabibwira uyu munsi tubivuga.
Amazi hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwegeranya mugihe ushyushye kandi ugatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi iyo bikonje, ni coolant nziza. Ifite amazi meza bityo atwara byoroshye binyuze muri sisitemu yo gushyushya. Byongeye kandi, amazi ahora yegereje, kandi niba ukeneye kongeramo sisitemu yo gushyushya, ntakibazo. Ni ngombwa kandi ko ari ibintu byinshuti. Kubwibyo, ibishoboka byose ntibizatera "ibyago ibidukikije" ku gipimo cyinzu itandukanye. Ariko! Izi nyungu zose zishingiye kubibazo byingenzi byamazi muri sisitemu kandi, nkigisubizo, kuvanaho kunanirwa kwa nyuma (inzu yazimye, ariko sisitemu yuzuye yo gushyushya ntabwo izagenda mugihe cy'itumba). Indi mpangayi irashobora gufatwa nkigikenewe cyo guhindura imiti yamazi mbere yo gukoresha ibyuma (urugero, kubera kwiyongera kwicyuma, ogisijeni, reba ingingo muri n 1 yikinyamakuru cyacu cyuyu mwaka) . Byongeye kandi, nkuko bidategura, uko byagenda kose, ruswa yibice byose byicyuma bya sisitemu yo gushyushya ibaho.
Antifreeze (kuva mucyongereza. moteri yo gutwika hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye (harimo no gushyushya sisitemu) gukorera ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya 0s.
Ibyiza bidashidikanywaho bya antifreezes birimo "kudahanagura" ubushyuhe bukurikira. Ntabwo badahagarara na gato, ntabwo bibaho muburyo busanzwe (urugo). Intangiriro y'amazi, ntabwo zigize kristalline, ariko niba ushobora kubivuga, imiterere ya amorphous. Muri uru rubanza, antifreeze ntabwo yongera amajwi, bityo rero ntabwo arimbura (ntabwo "inenge") sisitemu yo gushyushya. Mugihe wongera ubushyuhe bumwe, bwongeye kugaragara muburyo bwamazi kandi ushobora gukora imirimo yayo. Numutungo kandi utuma antifreeze yendaga, niba mugihe cyimbeho munzu ntutuye, ntabwo ari ngombwa gukuramo sisitemu yo gushyushya. Kandi, bivuze ko bigaragara, imaze kugera muri wikendi, yirukana vuba icyumba. Ariko, kuri iyi nyungu n'iherezo, kandi inenge nyinshi zitangira. Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe ni 10-15% ubushobozi bwubushyuhe bwimiterere murugo ni 10-15% munsi yubwo amazi, kubwibyo, byangirika nabi kandi bitanga ubushyuhe. Ku baguzi, ibi bivuze ko ari ngombwa kubona imbaraga zikomeye (bityo rero bihenze) ibimenyetso byo gushyushya. Victoity ya antifreeze nayo irenze iyo y'amazi, bivuze ko bizagorana kuzenguruka muri sisitemu yo gushyushya (ibipimo ngenderwaho by'imiterere ya pompe igera ku 10%, na igitutu cyagereranijwe ni 60% hejuru). Kandi komeza yo kwaguka mu bushyuhe ifite ibirenze iz'amazi, bityo, kugira ngo wirinde ikibazo cy '"guhungabana", uburyo bwo gufungura ", uburyo bwo gufungura" buzashobora gushobora gushobora kwishyiriraho igikundiro kinini. Niyo mpamvu abahanga mu ijwi rimwe bavuga: Niba antifreeze igomba gukoresha muri sisitemu, ibanza ko ari ngombwa kuri "kubara" mubyukuri birasimburwa namazi hamwe nibibazo binini.
Byongeye kandi, antifreeze ntishobora gucika intege, kubera ko ibi biganisha ku mpinduka zidasubirwaho mu bigize imiti kandi, nk'igisubizo, kubura ibintu byambere byumubiri. Kandi antifsheeze ya antifneeze, nkuko babivuga, ntabwo bipima guhura nubuso bwihuse (imiti yimiti ituruka ku baturanyi badahindura gusa ibigize antifreeze gusa, bikaba bishobora guhagarika imikorere ya sisitemu) kandi byoroshye "kurya" gaskes isanzwe ya rubber, muri sisitemu yo gushyushya mu "mazi" ibitangaza byose bikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa byabo bikoreshwa mu bikoresho bihamye - Paronite, n'ibindi). Hariho ibindi bintu bimwe byihariye bitewe na antifreeze. Ntabwo bose ari urugwiro. Sisitemu yo Kuzenguruka Mubihe Byibifu byifuzwa, bitera imipaka zimwe kubushobozi bwo kuringaniza sisitemu yo gushyushya no guhindura uburyo bwo guhumuriza ukoresheje therwats. Kednostats igomba guterwa kandi igikenewe kubika imigabane ihoraho ya antifreeze mugihe, niba ukeneye kongeramo sisitemu (kurugero, mugihe umurongo).
Mbere yo kuzuza coolant kuri sisitemu ishaje, birakenewe mbere yo gukaraba n'amazi yo koza hejuru yubusa, urugero, dixiis-lux, supertex cyangwa ikindi gikomeye. Kuraho byihuse mu kirere cya antifreeze yo mu gihugu, birasabwa kubirwanya nta muvuduko mu masaha 2-3.
Gusimbuza amazi ya antifreeze birashobora gusa niba ibi bibujijwe nuwabikoze. Kurugero, proterm (Repubulika ya Ceki) yambuye nyir'umurimo wa garanti niba hari antifreeze ikubiye muri sisitemu, yanditse muri garanti ya garanti.
Ni ubuhe buryo antifreeze igomba gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gushyushya? Imodoka "Tosol" ntabwo ihuye hano, kubera ko itemererwa gukoresha ahantu hatuwe. Ibisubizo bya Saline (ubwoko "arctique" na "Asol"), nubwo bahagaritse munsi y'amazi, ubushyuhe, kandi ntibishoboka, kuko bafite ibikorwa byo kugandukira hamwe no guhanahana imiyoboro no guhanahana imiyoboro. Kurugero, mu gushyushya sisitemu hamwe na boilers Aogv na ACGV, byakozwe nigihingwa cyubaka imashini ya Zhukovsky, habubayeho imikoreshereze ya "Arctique". Bikurikiraho yitwa Antifreeze-coolant yagenewe cyane gushyushya sisitemu. Ibi bintu ni ibihe?
Kugeza ubu, antifreeze hashingiwe ku gisubizo cy'amazi ya Ethylene Glycol yabonetse mu Burusiya no mu mahanga. Mugihe habaye imanza, igisubizo nkiki kirimo 65% bya roghtlene glycol na 31% byamazi (4% isigaye - inyongeramuyo yabanyabugizi). Iki gicuruzwa, gifatwa nkicyiza mubuhanga-tekiniki, ntabwo yigeze kwigana, ntabwo ikonja ubushyuhe -65 ...- 70s, na Ethyne glycol iva hafi hafi ntabwo ihinduka. Ariko kugira ngo igere ku ntego yayo nyamukuru (ubushyuhe kwimura), Kibuza gukonja ntibakwiye gusa kuba ishimishije thermal conductivity, ariko kandi Ntugateke mu Urutonde operating ubushyuhe, gukora nta ifuro, kuba kiraro shimi (ntabwo kwibumbira abikijwe ku buringanire bw'igihugu Sisitemu) kandi ntusenya ibikoresho byubwibiko. Iyi mirimo iramufasha gukemura inyongeramu zinyuranye: ibibuza kwangiza ibyuma, anti-kubura abakozi, nibindi, bigizwe na 4% yuburemere bwigisubizo.
Isoko ryisumbuye ryikirusiya ritanga cyane cyane kubyara umusaruro murugo. Ndetse n'ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa bizwi nka Antishroden N na Ilibahel wo mu musaruro w'Ubudage, ntitwahuye kubera igiciro kinini. AZA bo babuze buhoro buhoro kugurisha nibindi bitumizwa mu mahanga, bitanga ababyara mu rugo bafite imbaraga zidahwitse ku isoko. Antifreeze irashobora kugurishwa nko muburyo bwo kwibanda (95% glycol) kandi bimaze kwitegura gukoresha - bitandukanye cyane, bigaragarira neza mugushushanya ibicuruzwa - umubare wintangiriro ya korstallsation (nkuko bisanzwe, 30 cyangwa 65) yerekanwe cyangwa ijambo "ryibanda" ryashyizweho.. Abaguzi benshi kugirango borohereze uburyo bwo gutwara abantu babona kwibanda cyangwa barwanya "(hamwe n'ubushyuhe bukonje -65. Usibye mu majyaruguru akuze) no hejuru n'amazi mu mwanya. Kurugero, iyo uhindagurika n'amazi antifreeze "65" ukurikije ibice 2: 1 (ibice 2 bya antifreeze na 1 bikonjesha ku bushyuhe bwa kristu ni -30C, iyo diluted 1: 1, coolant hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gutangira kristu -20c. Abakunda kudatandukanya ahantu hagura ibicuruzwa byarangiye, kandi niba ubushyuhe bwa buke budakwiranye nuwakoze ibisabwa, ibi birahari nabyo.
Birasa nkaho byoroshye kandi byiza. Ariko ... Ethylene Glycol, nikihe gice cya Antifreeze, iyo umuntu yinjiye mumubiri aba "uburozi" (bivuga itsinda rya gatatu rya Hazard) - Kwakira "muri ml 100 gusa yibi bintu birashobora guhinduka igipimo cyica ku muntu mukuru. Niyo mpamvu antifreeze kuri nkaya irasabwa gukoresha wenyine (!) Muri sisitemu yo gushyushya (hamwe na tank yagutse). Kandi ntugomba kureka ibyiringiro byabagize intimba-sisitemu yo gushyushya bifatika kubakiriya, nkaho ikigega gifunguye kumurimo udahwitse ntabwo ari tatt.
Ariko tuvuge iki ku tan yagutse)? Nibihumbi amazu ibihumbi byimpeshyi mu Burusiya, niba atari miliyoni. Kuri bo, gusohoka ni ugukoresha antifreezes ntabwo hashingiwe kuri Ethylene Glycol, ariko hashingiwe kuri propalene glycol, hamwe nibintu byingenzi, bitari uburozi (kuva 1996, ninzibacyuho rwose (kuva 1996, ninzibacyuho rwose, kuva mu gihugu cya propal antifreeze yatangiye Inzibacyuho ya propylene Glycol Antifreeze. Hano barashobora gushinja amanga kugirango ukurikize sisitemu ifunguye. Nibyo, basabye inshuro 2-2.5 bihenze kuruta Ethylene Glycol. (Kuri Reba: Niba litiro ya antifreeze ishingiye kuri Ethylene Glycol ku bushyuhe bwaho bwa 65с ikiguzi kuva kuri 16 kugeza kuri metero 16 kugeza 25 kugeza kuri metero 54-57) kurenza kimwe cya kabiri Umwaka uzamuka mubiciro byibikoresho byibiciro byisoko ryisi yose byateye kuzamuka kwibiciro kuri antifreeze kuri polypreeze kuri polypreeflene kubyerekeye 40%. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kubera kugabanuka gukabije mu mubumbe wo kugurisha, ibirango bizwi ku isi hose bya antifreeze byahagaritse kugaragara ku isoko ry'Uburusiya, ridakubise urugero mbere. Abakora murugo bagize Nice ntibarazura urugero ruhagije, kuko kugurisha "umutekano" utekanye "antifreeze ni gake. Ariko bisa nkaho ibyifuzo byamusabye bizagenda byiyongera - abaguzi b'ikirusiya bazasubiramo ibitekerezo byabo kubibazo byumutekano wibidukikije.
Isubiramo ryacu ritanga imbonerahamwe igereranya aho, usibye ubucucike n'ubushyuhe (ku bushyuhe bwa 20 na 80c), twahindukiyeho cyane ku mazi yo gukonjesha, ariko ntabwo ari byiza Ibipimo byerekana ibimenyetso ugomba kwita cyane.
Ingaruka ya ruswa ku bikoresho bikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gushyushya (umuringa, brass, ibyuma, alumini, havugwa ibyuma, ibibi, bigaragarira muri G / M2 kumunsi. Ukurikije urugendo ruhari, indangagaciro ziki kimenyetso ntizigomba kurenza ibi bikurikira: Umuringa, blass, ibyuma, amahugurwa - atarenze 0.1; Umugurisha ntabwo arenze 0.2. Antifreeze ikomeye izi ndangagaciro ni ngombwa (kuri 10, ndetse inshuro 20) hepfo. Kandi ibyo ni bike, sisitemu yo gushyushya izabaho.
Ibyiza byo kubarwa ukoresheje uburyo bwihariye (binyuze mu bunini bwa antifreeze ku bushyuhe buhamye, umwuka ku muvuduko watanzwe utambutse mu minota 5) kandi bigaragarira mu burebure bwa cent cap muri santimetero. Nk'uko GOST, uburebure bwiyi "cap" kugirango yitegure-gukoresha amazi ntagomba kurenga cm 30. Igihe cyagenwe cyo kubura kwafunite ntabwo kirenze 3 s. Ingofero ndende nigihe kinini cyo guturamo kivuga ko antifreeze atari hejuru cyane imbere yawe hamwe nabakora ibiyobyabwenge bakijijwe hiyongereyeho umukozi uvuga.
Ingaruka kuri reberi na gaske. Niba gore yemerewe kubyimba reberi bitarenze 5%, noneho iyo ukoresheje antifreeze nziza, ntabwo irenze 0.5%.
Ni he ushobora kumenyera ibipimo byavuzwe niba ubonye antifreeze itarimo muburyo bwacu? Kubwamahirwe, birashoboka ko bigoye kubibona murwego runaka rwibicuruzwa. Ariko bagaragazwa mubyangombwa bya tekiniki, buri gihe cyo kwiyubaha (nuwaguhaye!) Uwabikoze aherekeza ibicuruzwa byayo, atanga abagurisha. Noneho, ntutindiganye kubaza izo nyandiko zimeze mu iduka mugihe uhitamo antifreeze, kandi niba atari byo kandi ntizigera zibaho, nibyiza kureka kugura.
Ibitekerezo byinzobere
Asobanura umuyobozi wibikoresho byo gushyushya no gushyushya WGEN ", umunyamuryango wa Presitidium ya NP Akok, umukandida wa siyansi ya tekiniki Vitaly Ivanovich Sasin:
- Amakuru yerekanwe mubisubiramo rwose akwiye kwitabwaho cyane. Kandi ntabwo kubaguzi gusa, ahubwo no kumwuga. Njye na none, ndashaka gukora byinshi kuri yo, kubibona, bizagira akamaro kubasomyi b'ikinyamakuru cyawe hamwe nabantu bose bashishikajwe nibiranga gukoresha antifree muri sisitemu yo gushyushya.
imwe. Mugihe ukoresheje ibiti byimbere, antifreeze igomba gukoreshwa yitonze, ikibabaje, kumurika, akenshi ntabwo ari amapine ateganijwe ninyandiko za tekiniki. Bamwe mu bafite intimba-abakora bakoreshwa mu gukora gaskets Hoses antifreeze antifreeze igabanya vuba vuba.
2. Abakora benshi bavuga ko kutavuga ko Kilycol ya Nothylene iva mu kurwanya antifreeze, ariko amazi gusa bityo aya antike ntabwo ari akaga. Kwemeza ibi ntibikiri byemewe kandi bitavugwaho rumwe, kubera ko ingingo yo guteka muri Ethyne Glycol yikubye kabiri amazi. Ariko, ube uko bishoboka, niba Ethylene Glycoe arwanya muri gahunda, umwuka wacyo uva mu tank yagutse igomba kugabanywa, gushyiramo ibiti bireremba, bifunga ubuso bwose. Ni ukuvuga, nubwo havuga ko ububi, abakora amabanyamahanga ba antifreeze barasabwa kuza.
3. Sisitemu yo gushyushya antifreeze irashobora gukoreshwa kure yigituba cyo kwagura ibitero byose bya membrane, ntabwo yakoresheje reberi zose zizihanganira "itumanaho" hamwe nubukonje. Kubwibyo, guhitamo tank ya kwaguka, ugomba kumenya neza ko yagenewe gukorana na antifreeze.
Bane. Twahuye nubu bushakashatsi nukuntu mugihe cyo kwikuramo antifizes bikoreshwa kuri iyi "mazi yaho bishobora gutanga reaction iherekejwe no kwicisha bugufi. Turi cyane cyane, antifreeze ikenewe. Kwishingira ibintu nk'ibyo, byumvikana kubona antifreeze biteguye - bisaba kugabanuka, cyangwa gukoresha amazi yatoboye kuri dilute.
bitanu. Therwatis, ikoreshwa cyane mu gushyushya sisitemu yo gushyushya, ifite umunzani ibiri yo gushyushya: "Umunzani" Igipimo cya "Kureka" gihindura kuvumbura diaphragm ku gice cya coolant, kandi niba cyashyizwe kumwanya muto (umwanya wa 7-8 urahari), hanyuma umwobo ufunganye uraboneka, ukurikiranye no kwagura gukabije. Ibice bikonje binyuze muri diaphragm nkaya ma diaphragm biganisha ku gutandukana ikirere kandi, nkigisubizo, gushiraho umuhanda wikirere cyangwa ibifuniko. Ku mazi, iki kintu kidashimishije gusa, ahubwo kireba antifreeze, ntibyemewe rwose. Kubwibyo, niba antifreeze izakoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gushyushya, igenamiterere "rishyiraho" rigomba kubamo kwishyiriraho umwanya, byibuze 3 (ndetse no hejuru). Kandi kubiryoha nkibi birakenewe kugirango ukurikirane byinshi murwego rwo kwishyiriraho Therwats.
6. Nubwo byagenda kose bihamw'ikora, muri sisitemu yo gushyushya ubushyuhe, nibyiza gukoresha ibikoresho byamakuru. Ibi bifitanye isano nibishoboka byo kubangamira antifreeze. Ibyifuzo by'ibiti byibasiye ntibyari bikaba byarashyizwemo, ariko imyitozo yo gukoreshwa yamaze kubyemeza byimazeyo.
7. Mugihe ushyiraho sisitemu yo gushyushya hamwe na stepe yicyuma kugirango bigaragare ibice, bivugwa cyane kugirango dushyire ahanini imyenda muri couple hamwe na barangi. Inzozi zemewe ziva mumazi, antifreeze ntabwo itera flax. Ararya ". Kubishinyagurira nibyiza gukoresha inyanja idasanzwe, nka loctite,; bihagije kuri 150 yimodoka yambaye imyenda 150, hamwe na polymetero imwe, hamwe na polymetero Igishushanyo mbonera (igiciro cyo gupakira (10 ml) ni $ 9.5; bihagije kuri 150-200 ibice byinshi. Birumvikana ko ibigo bidahenze cyane, ariko gukoresha ni byuzuye neza no kwizerwa kwishyiriraho.
umunani. Mbere yo gusuka antifreeze muri sisitemu, igomba kwozwa hamwe nibihe bidasanzwe. "Ishyirwaho" ryakozwe mu buryo nk'ubwo ririmo ibice 2 - gukaraba (ibihimbano (ibihimbano) n'ibintu bidafite aho bahindura ibikorwa byo gukaraba aside. Igikorwa kigomba gukorwa mbere yumwaka ubanza bwuzuyemo sisitemu, cyane cyane nyuma yo gukoreshwa nka coolant yamazi. Bitabaye ibyo, hariho ibyago ko antifreeze "yerekana" ingese n'ubunini ndetse n'ibikoresho byavumbuwe gusa imiyoboro ya sisitemu yo gushyushya.
icyenda. Bitewe no guhumeka kwa antifreeze muri sisitemu ifunguye, akenshi ni ngombwa mu ngingo zayo. Niba hari antifreeze mbere ishingiye kuri sisitemu ya antifreeze, ntabwo hazabaho ibibazo. Niba ntakigo, gikwiye kugurwa no gusaba neza antifreeze yakoreshejwe mbere. "Imiterere nshya" ya coolant irashobora kongerwaho gusa niba ufite icyizere rwose ko bihuye rwose na "Kera" - niba badakundana, cyangwa byose) muri antifreeges yinyongera. Ingaruka zibisohoka zibikubiye mubihimbano birashobora gutegurwa. Kubwibyo, niba nta cyizere cyo guhuza byuzuye ibice, nibyiza kongeramo gusa kuri sisitemu amazi yatandukanye cyangwa kongerera "antifreeze, koza sisitemu hanyuma ukoreshe" gushya ".
Na nyuma. Umubare munini watanzweho hashingiwe gusa kubunararibonye bufatika kandi bisaba kwiga byimbitse no guhuriza hamwe mubisabwa. Ninde ukwiye kuyobora ubu bushakashatsi n'ayo mafaranga akomeye. Birashoboka cyane, birakenewe guhuza inkunga na leta hamwe ninkunga kubantu bashishikajwe no kuyobora ubwo bushakashatsi bwa antifieze.
| Ibipimo bigereranywa | Inganda | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Praid", Moscou | "TK", Moscou * | "Fort", Moscou ** | Himavto, Moscou | "Gelis-int", moscou | PTK T-S, St. Petersburg | "Prima Lex", Moscou | ||||
| Ikirango antifreeze | "Priud-40" / "Ishema-K" / "Ishema Elite-k" | "Amaraso ashyushye-30m" / "Amaraso ashyushye-65m" | "Amaraso ashyushye - 30 Eco" / "Amaraso ashyushye-65 Eco" | "Nord-k" / "Nord-65" | "Inzu ishyushye - 65" | Dixis Hejuru. | Dixiis-30 / DIXIS-65 | Umugezi wa Golf-30 / Golf-65 *** *** | "Argus Hatdip" / "Argus Galan" | "Argus Ekovarm-65" / "Argus Ekovarm-30" |
| Urufatiro | Ethylene Glycol | Ethylene Glycol | Propylene glycol | Ethylene Glycol | Ethylene Glycol | Propylene glycol | Ethylene Glycol | Ethylene Glycol | Ethylene Glycol | Propylene glycol |
| Ubucucike, G / CM3, ku bushyuhe: | ||||||||||
| 20с | 1.080 / 1,134 / 1,134 | 1.062 / 1.086. | 1.045 / 1.048. | 1,12 / 1.08. | 1.085 | 1.040. | 1.06 / 1.09. | 1.06 / 1.09. | 1.09 / 1.08. | 1.05 / 1.04. |
| 80 | - | 1.05 / 1.05 | 1.08 / 1.00 | - | - | 0.99 | 1.03 / 1.05 | - | 1.05 / 1.04. | - / 0.99 |
| Ingingo zitetse, C, kuri 760mm HG. | 115/135/135 | 106/115 | 108/11 | 189/12. | 112. | 106. | 106/11 | 108/112 | 110/11 | 109/106. |
| Crystallsation Tangira ubushyuhe, hamwe | -40 / -37 / -37 | -33 / -68 | -35 / -65 | -70 / -65 | -65 | -32. | -32 / -66 | -32 / -67 | -65 / -65 | -63 / -32 |
| Ubushobozi bwubushyuhe, KJ / (KGK), ku bushyuhe: | ||||||||||
| 20C. | - | 3.42 / 3. 3.09. | 3.56 / 3,37 | - / 3,2 | 3,17 | 3,61 | 3.45 / 2.97 | 3.45 / 3,01 | 3,10 / 3,14. | 3.38 / 3,57 |
| 80C. | - | 3.63 / 3,244. | 3.80 / 3,62. | 3 / 3.4 / 3.7 | 3.51 | 3.81 | 3.63 / 3.24. | 3.70 / 3.20. | 3,25 / 3.26. | 3.63 / 3,78. |
| Ingaruka za ruswa kubyuma: | ||||||||||
| Umuringa | 0.035 / 0 / - | 0.03 / 0.03. | 0.03 / 0.03. | 0.01 / 0.002. | 0,01 | 0,01 | 0/0. | 0/0. | 0.00 / 0.07 | 0.04 / 0.03. |
| Umuringa | 0.05 / 0.02 / - | 0.040 / 0.040 | 0.02 / 0.02. | 0.01 / 0.002. | 0.02. | 0.03 | 0/0. | 0/0. | 0.02 / 0.06. | 0.03 / 0.02. |
| Umugurisha | 0.2 / 0.12 / - | 0.08 / 0.06. | 0.04 / 0.06. | 0.01 / 0,01 | 0.03 | 0.04. | 0.03 / 0.07 | 0.03 / 0.07 | 0.03 / 0.04. | 0.05 / 0.05 |
| Aluminium | 0.05 / 0 / - | 0.02 / 0.04. | 0.04 / 0.03. | 0.02 / 0,01 | 0.04. | 0,01 | 0/0 | 0/0. | 0.02 / 0.06. | 0.03 / 0.02. |
| Fata Icyuma | 0.02 / 0 / - | 0.02 / 0.020 | 0.02 / 0.02. | 0.01 / 0,01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.003 / 001 | 0.003 / 0.001. | 0.00 / 0.07 | 0.03 / 0.03. |
| Ibyuma | 0.02 / 0 / - | 0.01 / 0.020 | 0.00 / 0,01 | 0.01 / 0,01 | 0,01 | 0.02. | 0.01 / 0.02. | 0.01 / 0.002. | 0.00 / 0.05 | 0.01 / 0,01 |
| Ifuro: | ||||||||||
| Ingano yifuro nyuma yiminota 5 kuri 88c, cm | 1 / 0.8 / 0.8 | 15/15 | 11/12. | 15/10 / 5 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 1.0 / 1.0 | 1.0 / 1.0 | 1.3 / 11. | 7.0 / 4.0. |
| Igihe cyo kubura ibyara, hamwe | 2/3/3 | 1 / 1.5 | 1.7 / 1.6 | 1.5 / 1 / 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 / 1,1 | 1.0 / 1.0 | 1/2 | 1.5 / 1.5 |
| Rubber kubyimba (guhindura mubunini amasaha 72 kuri 100 ° C),% | 0.6 / 2.9 / 2.9 | 1.2 / 0.9 | 1.0 / 1,1 | 1.2 / 0.6 / 0.4 | 1,1 | 1,4. | 1.8 / 1.85 | 1.2 / 1.09. | 1.3 / 1.7 | 1.8 / 1.6 |
| Gupakira amajwi, l | 1.4 / 1.4 / 4 | 10, 20, 50, 200 200 | 10, 20, 50, 200 200 | 10, 20, 50, 200 200 | 20, 30. | 10, 20, 30, | 10, 20, 50, 200 200 | 10, 20, 50, 200 200 | - | |
| Igiciro, gusiga / l (udafite papag) | 33.2 / 53.6 / 66.9 | 12.6 / 19,2 | 39.0 / 54.0. | 25.5 / 16/12 | 16-17 | 48. | 17/24 | 14.0 / 20.0. | 19.0 / 9.0. | 57.0 / 45.0 |
| * - Umusaruro usanzwe na ISO 9000; ** - Irimo inyongera zidasanzwe zigabanya amahirwe yo kumeneka na 30-40%; *** - Yatanze Ikimenyetso Cyuzuye cyubumwe bwabaguzi b'Abarusiya muri Gicurasi 2003 |
Abanditsi bashimira isosiyete "TUBONS", "GELIS-INT", "Ubwibone", "PTK T-" "na" forte "kugira ngo bategure ibikoresho.