Ibice byagenwe: Ibikoresho kubikoresho, ibyifuzo bifatika byo kwishyiriraho.
Ifoto ya D.Minkina
Ifoto V. Vasileva, A. Babaeva
Ifoto v.nepledova
Ifoto M.STEPANOV
Niba utwitse icyifuzo cyo kugabana umwanya winyungu zawe, ugarukira ku rukuta rw'imari, ku bice by'ingenzi cyangwa ibyumba byitaruye, ntushobora gukora utabibatsi. Nubushobozi bwimbitse, ni ngombwa kwiyumvisha uburyo kandi buzubakwa ibikoresho.
Kubwamahirwe, nta rukuta rwawe rushobora kwimurwa no gushyirwa ahantu hose, aho ubishaka. Ni ukubera ko imiterere yimiterere yigishushanyo mbonera, kishingiye ku bubiko bwamagorofa na giti nibindi bigize imiterere yinyubako. Inkuta zazamuwe mubikorwa byubwubatsi kandi ukore umurimo wo gushyigikira ukwiranye. Ntibishoboka rero kuyisesungura cyangwa kubikora muri byo nta ruhushya rwihariye rwumuryango wumushinga, kandi ntabwo ari umutekano. Ibice byateguwe byumwihariko umwe mu bagize ngoruro mu cyumba kandi icyarimwe, kubera ubushyuhe n'amajwi y'amajwi ya zone yatandukanijwe. Inzego nkizo zirashobora gushyirwa mu rugo rumaze gukorwa hafi ahantu hose, kandi ubufatanye bwabo na MVK, nkitegeko, ntabwo bitera ibibazo.
Ihame, ibice bigomba gutanga amajwi yizewe, kuramba, niba bishoboka, byoroshye kugira umubyimba muto kandi uhanganye n'inkunga yo kumanika ibintu: ni ukuvuga ko hari infashanyo yo kumanika ibintu: ni ukuvuga ko hari infashanyo yo kumanika ibintu: ni ukuvuga ko hari infashanyo yo kumanika ibintu: ni ukuvuga ko hari infashanyo yo kumanika ibintu: ni ukuvuga ko hari infashanyo yo kumanika ibintu: ni ukuvuga ko hari infashanyo yo kumanika ibintu: ni ukuvuga, akabati, ibikoresho byo kwizirika, nibindi). Byongeye kandi, bategekwa kubona ibisabwa isuku kandi byisuku no kurengera umuriro. Kurugero, zubatswe nibikoresho byinshuti zishingiye ku bidukikije (bikwiye gukoreshwa mu kigo cyo guturamo) kandi ushobore kunanira umuriro. Ibihe byanyuma ni ngombwa cyane kuko mugihe hazabaho umuriro, ibice byirwanya umuriro bizashobora "gufata" urumuri "utabiretse bikwirakwira hose. Iki gihe ntabwo kiri munsi yiminota 15, bigomba kuba bihagije kugirango uhaze kubara umuriro.
Kugirango ubwubatsi bwibice, bikoreshwa cyane na gaze ya selile na blocks beto, amatafari yibumba cyangwa iseswa, ibirahuri, ibirahuri, ibibuga byikirahure nimpapuro zumye. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubaka, mubyukuri, bigenwa nubwoko bwibikoresho bikoreshwa, ibice bigabanijwemo amanota meza (kuva kuri panels), bivuye mubikoresho bito (gukubita amatafari, amabuye guhagarika) na Frame. Usibye uburyo divayi, izi nyubako zituma bishoboka guhindura umwanya wimbere yinzuki, zigabanijwemo, ikipe-yaguye kandi ihinduka. Ibice byinjira (bikosowe) bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byakoreshejwe mumahanga. Kuri bo kandi uzaganirwaho.
Nk'ibikoresho bito-byerekana inkuta zititwa, mubisanzwe ikoreshwa, nkitegeko, ibice bya beto cyangwa amatafari. Ibice biva mubirahure birazwi cyane, ubu ni inzira nziza yo kuvanamo ibibanza kandi icyarimwe ikambisha imbere.
Ariko ntukihutire kuzana ibyo cyangwa ibindi bikoresho kurubuga "inyubako", aho wateraniye gushira uruhare. Wibuke ko bidashoboka kwishyurwa mu nzu yawe: umutwaro wemewe ku bicanwa bikomoka ku bice bifatika, byateguwe hejuru y'inyubako isanzwe, igera kuri 3 KP / M2), mu buryo bukabije Urubanza, 6 KPA (600 kg / m2). Aviteda, usibye ibice, bizakomeza gushyirwaho hasi ya nyuma, gashyira ibikoresho kandi, bishoboka ibikoresho byo murugo. Iyo rero muganira ku myitozo yinzu, ntukabe umunebwe gusaba abitezimbere wumushinga wawe, niba bamaranye imizigo kurenganya kandi, babizirikaho ibi, ibikoresho byubwubatsi byatoranijwe neza. Niba hejuru igihe igisenge ni crack hasi ku ndiba abaturanyi, mu "umunezero" itumanaho mu vy'akanyengetera na bo bazagira kwibonera wowe, atari mu banditsi ba ibishushanyo igenamigambi.
Ibice bifatika
Mesh beto ni ibintu bisanzwe. Iraboneka nkibisubizo byo gufata ifu ya sima hamwe ninyongeramuke zidasanzwe. Ntabwo ari lisansi kandi ikabuza neza ikwirakwizwa ryumuriro. Krymera, imipaka yo kurwanya umuriro y'urukuta rwo kwishyigikira abantu 75mm ibibyimba bifite iminota 150. Imfungwa zo mu kirere muri pores ya beto ya selile itanga guhagarika ibiranga ubushyuhe bwiza. Mubyongeyeho, ubushu bwafunze bigabanya amafaranga yinjiza ibikoresho, bigatuma birushaho kurwanya ubushuhe.Imiterere ya Prorous itanga uburyo bworoshye bwa beto. Umucamanza wenyine: Agace gato gasanzwe kakozwe muri beto ifuro (gost 21520-89) Ingano ya 2002506Mim ya 18 kg kandi ishoboye gusimbuza urukuta rwa 18-20 (kandi ibi ni nk Benshi nka 80 kg). Kuva hano birakenewe kugirango tugabanye ibihangano byubucamanza, kuva aho kuba amatafari yamatafari, ibuye rimwe gusa rirahagije. Ukoresheje ibice, urashobora kwihutisha umuvuduko wo gusana cyangwa kubaka iminsi myinshi. Kandi ntabwo byihuse, gusa-byangiza gaze no gukama kumatafari byihuse.
Ibice bivuye mu manota D400 na D500 bafite amajwi meza: Igishushanyo cya 100m kiba gifite ireme ry'ikirenga (rw) kingana na 35-37 DB, ubugari bwa 125m-4-46 DB, kandi igice ni ikindi 25Mm wijimye kandi kuri 55-57 db.
Guhagarika kuva muri autoclave atraclave beto bigufasha gukora ubuso bwiza cyane. Uburebure busobanura ibyo bikoresho bihenze kugirango birangire kurangiza, bitandukanye namatafari, birasabwa ugereranije na gato. Biturika ubwabyo biroroshye bihagije gutemwa, baratema kandi bambarwa. Ubworoherane bwo gutunganya beto selile bigufasha gukora ibishushanyo mbonera, harimo nometse na curvilinear, kandi bigabanya ubuso hafi yacyo, no kugabanya imiyoboro mito hafi yacyo, ikata imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, sockets, Imiyoboro, nibindi
Kubikoresho byamasomo yimbere, harahantu hahagije hamwe na cm 10 (ongeraho umubyimba wo kurangiza, kandi iyi ntabwo iri munsi ya cm 1-2). Noneho ntakibazo kizashimangira imiryango, kuko ubugari busanzwe bwumuryango butarenga cm 13. Kubwibyo, ibice bivuye kuri foam (kandi, uhereye kubindi bikoresho), birakwiriye gukora umubyimba wa 80 kugeza 120mm. Ubunini butanga ibipimo byiza byo kurwanya umuriro, imitwaro ya Cantilever n'amakuru. Ntabwo byumvikana gukora ibice kandi kubera ko ubwinshi busabwa kugirango ushireho uruganda rugomba gukurwa mubice byiyongera bya plaster cyangwa igikoresho cyibisobanuro. ATO isanzweho ibikoresho no kwiyongera mubigereranyo.
Imbaraga zimiterere yarangiye ituma bishoboka kubaka ibice hafi yuburebure ubwo aribwo bwose. Iyo ushizeho, urashobora gukoresha umusenyi-sima-sima ivanze kandi isanzwe ya polymer tile kole. Ibitandukanya ubwabyo ntabwo ari uguhagarika gusa, ahubwo nanone amatafari-yasibye igikoresho cya screed kandi gifatanye ninyubako itwara ibyuma: Iherezo ryinkoni riva mumiterere yintoki, the Ibindi bishyirwa mu kashe ya horizontal ya Masonry. Ishingiro ryibizazana bingana na sima-umusenyi. Noneho urwego ruto rwigisubizo rushyizwemo, kuriga, gushiraho urwego, umurongo wambere wibice byo gusangira byateranijwe.
Kwinjira hasi birashobora gukorwa hamwe nubufasha bwabamwirondoro (nawo, yashyizwe ku modoka). Ubuso bwibintu byo guhagarika, byifatanije, bitwarwa mbere na kole. Ni ukuvuga, buri murongo wakurikiranye ibitego byashyizweho hamwe na labeling yubuso bwuzuye hamwe na kole hamwe nisahani yo kuringaniza umurongo ubanza. Igice cya Ksthenam gikosowe hamwe na kole (igisubizo) no gushimangira (buri 2 umurongo wibice). Umuryango wuzuye inkoni ebyiri-eshatu zo gushimangira ibyuma (hamwe na diameter ya 6mm) bishyizwemo ibice bya "Rotary".
Hanyuma, ikindi gitekerezo. Iyo ukorana na block zifatika, birakenewe gusuzuma umuhuza wingenzi. Kuberako bafite isura nziza, ariko ikomeye ivumbi, irabatera ubwoba cyane. Igisubizo cyiza kirashobora kugerwaho, ariko ntukishishikarize primer: bizaba ngombwa kubishyira, byibuze ibice 2-3 mbere yo gushyira mu bikorwa plaster.
Igihingwa cyamavura kivuga "Madis" (Chelyabinsk), "konk" bitanga ibigo byinshi byo mu rugo, nk '"Saratov)," Vector "( Moscou onlast), "Uruganda rw'inyubako y'inzu ya Ameniya" (Penza), "Savik" (akarere ka Moscou), n'ibindi. Ubunini busanzwe bwa clok imwe - 20025060mm. Ibicuruzwa 500500100, 600400100, 600300100 na 600300100 na 600300100 na 600300100 na 600300100. Ubwinshi bwibintu, nkibisabwa, ntabwo birenga 14-23 kg, hamwe nibipimo bya geometrike nibyo kororohewe no gukorana nabo kugirango bakore umwanya umwe.
Mu igorofa yimiryango, birashoboka gukoresha ibicuruzwa 2390250125mm. Abakora ibidukikije bya gaze (hamwe nubucucike bwa metero 600 / m3 na gemensions ya 600300100mm) hari abantu benshi. Muri bo urashobora kwitwa "Kubaka lubebers bituba" (biruka 600300100mm), "Uruganda rwa Sinati." Ubudodo bwa Lipetk), "Kwitaho Bidasanzwe Byera, aho umusaruro wibicuruzwa biva muri Lipetsk, Itumanaho rifatika ku ikoranabuhanga ry'ikigo cy'Ubudage Hebyeli. Inzozi zemewe ziva kuri beto zifatika, aho ubunini bwa geometrike bugera kuri cm 1, gazi ya lipetk irasobanutse neza, kandi kwihanganira ni 1mm, bivuze ko bishoboka gushyira ibintu nkibi kuri kole.
Ibiciro byo guhagarika ibintu biva kuri beto ya selile ugereranije muburusiya kuva kumadorari 1 kugeza $ 1.3 kuri buri gice. Ni ngombwa cyane mugihe kugura witondere ibirango byibicuruzwa. Kurugero, amazina ya D500 na D600 ni ikirango cyo gucuranga intanga extrate (500 na 600 kg / m3). Ariko ikigaragara ni uko ibimera byacu bitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi - hamwe nibipimo bimwe, ariko ubuke buke (350 kg / m3, Mark D350). Ibi biho bifatika ntibikwiriye kubice, kubera ko badatanga imbaraga zuburyo buhagije, kandi zigenewe kwinjiza hejuru ya horizontal na vertical yinyubako.
Amasahani ya puzzle
Niba igihe cyo gusana gikandamijwe, kandi ntushaka guhangana nimyanda yubwubatsi n'ibyondo, urashobora gukoresha byihuse kandi byingenzi, "uburyo bwumutse" bwo kwikuramo "uburyo bwo kwikuramo ibice (PPP). Buri sahani nk'iyi ikozwe mubwubatsi bwubwubatsi kandi ni urukiramende ruba rusaruye, ruhuza kandi ruhurira hamwe rufite kumpande zabakonje n'ikime.
Igice cyo muri plaster gishobora guterana vuba, kandi nyuma yo gusohoza inyanja hamwe nibyingenzi, hejuru yubuso budakeneye gukoresha urwego rwinshi (bityo, hafi yorohereza kugeza aho plaster yumye). Urashobora rero gutangira gushushanya neza, kurangiza hamwe na polymer coatings cyangwa tile. By the way, biremewe gusya igice ako kanya nyuma yo gukama ibigizemo uruhare, ni ukuvuga nyuma yiminota 30-40. Ibisahani by gypsum birarwanya kubora no gukotsa ubwenge, ihindagurika ryubushyuhe nubushuhe ntabwo bitera dimeniations muri bo. PGP biroroshye kubona no gutunganya, hamwe namashanyarazi hamwe nimiyoboro y'amashanyarazi bifatwa mukweto bikorwa nigikoresho cyoroshye. Amashusho, indorerwamo n'ibindi bintu byoroheje bipima kugeza ku ya 4 kg bifatanye n'igice kirwanya imigozi y'imbuto hamwe na doweli, ibintu biremereye (akabati, ibitotsi, n'ibindi) - hamwe na anke. Ariko, uko twubatsi benshi, ibigo bya puzzle-bivuka ntibitanga imbaraga zihagije (ugereranije ninzego yamatafari), niba, kurugero, bisabwa kumanika ibikoresho byisuku.
Ku isoko ry'Uburusiya, plaque ihagarariwe n'ibicuruzwa by'ibigo by'imbere mu gihugu "Knauff Gypsum", kandi 2 mu bwoko bwabo butangwa n'ubushuhe. Iya mbere irakwiriye kugabana mubyumba byose hamwe nibisanzwe (kugeza kuri 60%) ubushuhe. Amasahani yubushuhe (birashoboka kubitandukanya mumabara asanzwe, ntabwo yijimye yijimye, ariko icyatsi kibisi cyitwa hydrophobiked, kubera ko inyongeramusaruro zinjiza amazi zitangizwa muri gypsum. Kuva ibikoresho byubushuhe, ushobora kubaka ibice mu bwiherero, umusarani no mu gikoni. Muri uru rubanza, karashya PSP ceramic tile cyangwa ibuye risanzwe rirakenewe. Ntiwibagirwe kubyerekeye amazi. Mugihe ushyiraho ibice mubyumba bifite ubupfura bukabije, hejuru ya plab ni itegeko rya mastar of mastic ofpar ", kandi ahantu hahurira, kaseti y'amazi yo guhagururwa ikoreshwa, nka" KNAUF Flekendichtband ".
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa beto
Beto ifura ni beto yoroheje yabonetse akomera ku gisubizo kigizwe na sima, umucanga n'amazi, ndetse n'ifuro. Ubushuhe kuva kuri beto yifuro buza bisanzwe mugihe ari muburyo.
Outoclave autoclave beto bagizwe numucanga, sima, lime n'amazi bivanze no kwinjira muri autoclave, aho bibaho ibibyimba byakurikiyeho. Ibicuruzwa biva kuri beto ya simansi yakozwe gusa mumiterere y'uruganda no kujya kugurishwa muburyo bwo kwitegura-gukoresha.
Aeradte ikozwe mumazi na sima-umusenyi uvanze, abahindagurika bongeyeho.
Ubworozi bw'imizigo ni uruvange rw'indimi, comet, umucanga wa quarz, amazi na Gypsumu, byambuwe inyongera kandi bikomeye muri autoclave cyangwa ubururu.
Ibice biva muri PGP ntabwo biri ku rufatiro rufatika rwo gukosorwa, ariko kuri karuvati yarangiye ya etage mbere yo gushyiramo ibice. Gukubita inzitizi zigenda iyo nkorana n'isahani isanzwe, Pugenfull Active akoreshwa, kandi hamwe na Hydrophobized - "Fogenfuller-hydro". Kugirango igishushanyo gikomere bihagije, ibyapa byashyizweho "gacery", kandi igishushanyo cyaka no hepfo. Nkuko igikona ari cyiza, kubera ko ishyirwa mubikorwa puzzle igabanijwe cyane. Mu rubanza, urubanza rwo kwica umurongo wambere rugomba gucibwa ibimamara.
Agasanduku k'urugi karimo imigozi hamwe na dowel idasanzwe. Witegure ko kubice bimwe biva mumasahani 66750080mm, urwego rusanzwe ntirukwiriye 12, bizaba ari ngombwa kuri 12, bizaba ngombwa kugirango dusari nka santimetero zigufi, 8. Kubwibyo, igishushanyo mbonera cyumuryango kirakwiye gushira mu masahani ufite ubunini bwa 100mm (20mm, ubwo biroroshye "gufata" hamwe na platbands). Isuka ihagaritse, iherereye iruhande rwumuryango, ntigomba kuba hafi ya cm 20 uhereye kumpera. Imbere mu masangano no mu mfuruka, amasahani ashyizwe ahagaragara urundi rutonde rw'ingingo zingingo zo hepfo. Inyanja yashyizweho kashe hamwe ", kandi rero, kurangiza gukurikira, kunoza amahano yubuso, koresha primition hamwe nibihimbano nka" KNAUF TNIFENGAND. "
Mubisanzwe, ibice bya PGP byifatanije no gutwara bikwirakwira cyane, hamwe nubufasha bwa Dowel, hamwe nigituba kiri hagati yicyapa kandi ibitanda byo hejuru bifunze hamwe nibice. Kunoza imitungo yumvikana yigabano, ibyo bita elastike ihuza irashobora gukoreshwa. Muri uru rubanza, hamwe no gufata uruzitiro (3-5 mm umubyimba) uhereye kumurongo, utuje, wumvaga cyangwa ubucucike buke. Uruganda nk'urwo ruzimya amajwi yumvikana rutambutsa binyuze mu bijyanye no kubaka.
Ibyapa bya puzzale bisanzwe kandi byihanganira ubushuhe byatanzwe mubunini bubiri: 667500 na 900300mmm, ubunini - 80 cyangwa 100m. Kuva ku masahani yashyizwe kumurongo umwe, birashoboka guteranya ibice bimwe - byujuje ibisabwa kugenzura amajwi (41 DB). Igishushanyo cya kabiri cya Septum-ubunini kuva 180mm birakenewe niba ukeneye kuzamura amajwi (kurwego rwa 60 db) cyangwa kurugero, kanda imiyoboro minini ya diamet idashobora gukurikiranwa muri strople. Ibice bya Ibaba birashobora gucibwa na pisine hamwe na diameter kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri cyimigezi, ni ukuvuga ko bitarenze 40mm. Igishushanyo cya kabiri cyubatswe kuburyo bukurikira. Uruhande rumwe rwambere rwashyizwe (umurongo umwe wisahani) kandi itumanaho ryose riryohamye, hanyuma ikindi. Gusiba byuzuye ibikoresho byo kwigarurira.
Nukuri, itandukaniro ryibishushanyo bibiri byo kugabana (hamwe nijwi ryumvikana hagati y'amashyiga) irashobora kuba ihenze cyane. Nyuma ya byose, ikiguzi cyisahani imwe ya 66750080mm ni hafi $ 2. Nubwo bimeze bityo, niba ari ngombwa kubaka ibice byimbere byimbere mubikorwa byanditse, kandi icyarimwe bikarya byibuze ibikoresho byo kurangiza, biragoye guhitamo ubundi buryo bwamasahani ya puzzle.
Amatafari
Ibi birashoboka ko aribwo buryo bwa kera. Ibitambaro birangwa nimbaraga nyinshi kandi hangana imizigo minini cyane mubintu bibamanitse (ibikoresho byo kwizirika, ibitabo, cyane cyane ko kwizirika kwahindutse kwizerwa). Nkibisanzwe, ibice nkibi birashira hamwe nubunini muri polliphich (iyi ni mm 140) cyangwa kuruhande (80mm), ndetse na mbere yigikoresho cyahinduwe, ku buryo butaziguye. Nibiba ngombwa, ishingiro ryubatswe ryashyizwe hamwe na sima-umusenyi. Ibikurikira, shyira igice cyibisubizo kandi ukurikije urwego rw'amatafari. Ku mbaraga nyinshi, igice ni cyiza gushimangira. Bikore uryamye ku burebure bwose bw'igishushanyo (buri 4-5 cy'amatafari) yo gushimangira ibyuma hamwe na diameter ya 4-6m cyangwa umurongo wa plaque nziza. Ibice ntabwo birenga cm miremire 150, bivuye mu matafari, shyira ku nkombe, bishimangirwa buri mirongo 3-5 ifite insinga hamwe na diameter ya 3-6m.Iyo ushize ibice bivuye mu matafari, shyira ku nkombe, Masonry ayobora afashijwe n'abayobozi cyangwa mu byiciro byinshi. Ibi birasobanurwa no kuba imyanya nkiyi muburyo nyabaswa idahungabana cyane. Kugira ngo igishushanyo kidahindutse, cyiyongera kuri stage imwe atarenze 1-1. Ibikurikira, umunsi ugomba gutegereza kugeza igisubizo gifashwe, hanyuma gikambure igishushanyo cyose kugeza imperuka.
Niba ibice muri kimwe cya kane cyamatafari bisa nkaho udahagije, kandi ntibyemewe kubaka inyubako (muri pollipich) kubwimpamvu iyo ari yo yose, urashobora gusubirayo insinga hamwe na diameter ya 1.5 -2mm. Yanyuze mugushiramo ibice munsi. Kugirango wizere cyane, insinga irasabwa gushyirwa mu kayira ka horizontal ya masonri kuri cm 40-60.
Mugihe witegura gushushanya cyangwa kwikubita hasi, amatafari yamatafari mubisanzwe ahindagurika kumpande zombi kandi yikubita hasi. Imbere mubyumba bifite ubushuhe bwinshi, igice cyifuzwa gutegurwa uburebure bwose (cyangwa byibuze byibuze cm 180 uhereye hasi muburyo buhebuje, nkamashusho ya ceramic cyangwa acry. Icyumba kiboshywe, nukuvuga, igice kirashobora gutegurwa kuruhande rumwe gusa, kurundi ruhande, shyira tile kurukuta rw'amatafari, cyaba umutware mwiza.
Iyo uteganya kubaka amatafari, witondere: Amatafari nkiyi ni amatafari manini (1M2 1/2 1/250 apima 10) kandi ukore umutwaro wiyongereyeho. Kugabanya misa yibishushanyo nkibyo, nibyiza gushyira amatafari yuzuye cyangwa agatambana. Ariko, gusa uburebure bwuzuye bukwiye kukazi ahantu hafite ubushuhe bukabije (mubwiherero, ubwiherero n'ibikoni), kubera ko ari amatafari ya Miric) byunvikana cyane. No mumazu mashya ya monolithic, nibyiza gushiraho amatafari nkuburebure buke, kurugero, mu bwiherero, ubwiherero, ubwiherero cyangwa hafi yibintu bihagaritse (inkuta ninkingi). Niba uburebure bwo kugabana bwabonetse inshuro zirenga 5, byumvikana kureka amatafari no kuyibona umusimbura muburyo bwa gaze-iseswa.
Birumvikana, urashobora kubaka ibice biva muri buri gice cyangwa amatafari atukura. Ariko imitungo yijwi ryimiterere yinzego zifite amabara yimbere ni make. Kugabanya kwanduza urusaku, ni byiza gusinzira imyenzi y'imbere n'amatafari y'umucami, ariko apima, ishyano, iziyongera.
Mugihe witegura kurenza urugero cyangwa ibiganiro hamwe nuwashushanyijeho amazu, ntitugomba kwibagirwa ko amatafari arimo amakosa menshi. Kujya kumurongo, ubuso bwabo bugomba guhuzwa neza, kandi ibi bivuze gukoresha ibikoresho byinyongera (amasahani nibikorwa byinshi) kandi bikenewe kuruhuka ibintu bikomeye byikoranabuhanga hagati y "ibikorwa". Usibye misa itari mike, amatafari afite urundi ruhande, igiciro cyinshi. Kandi, turabibona, ntibigiraho ingaruka nkigiciro cyibikoresho, ingahe y'akazi gakomeye (Masonry na plaster). Akazi kuri 1m2 ushyira ibice hamwe nubwinshi bwurugomo hamwe nibiciro byo gushimangira hafi $ 10, naho kimwe cya kane cyamatafari ni $ 8.
Nuburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho, ubu ni ubugari bwagutse kandi ntihabura ibicuruzwa byiza. Usibye abaprora yo mu rugo ("GOLITSnn Ceramic", "Intsinzi KNAUF", "Intsinzi." "," Umutungo wa Corma "," Umutungo wa Corma "," Umutungo wa CEMMA "," ), amasoko yamahanga ahagarariwe ku isoko ryisoko, nka Terca na Optiroc (Finlande). Amatafari meza yuzuye y'ibirango bitandukanye (M-100, M-125, M-150) itangwa ku giciro cya $ 0.1-0.2 (1 PC.). Ububiko bwa Paltand Amatafari M-75, M-125, M-150 irashobora kugurwa ku giciro cya $ 0.1 kugeza $ 0.5. Amatafari yera ya salicate ava kumadorari 0.1. Amafoto yo kugura ibikoresho ntabwo arikibazo, ikintu cyingenzi kiba inyuma kitari ukwibagirwa dosimeter. Ikigaragara ni uko ibintu nyamukuru bigize amatafari ari ibumba-karemano ryimirasire yimyanda. Bibaho ko ibicuruzwa biva mu turere butandukanye "Isoko", kandi bizane ibikoresho nk'ibyo ku nzu, birumvikana ko bidakwiye. Mbere yo kugura icyiciro cyamatafari, reba urwego rwimirasire ni ngombwa gusa.
Ibirahuri
Ibirahuri ni "amatafari" hamwe na cavity yafunzwe hembutse yakozwe nisahani ebyiri zihujwe hagati yabo, birashoboka ko ibikoresho byiza cyane kubice. Ibyibandwaho hamwe na beto ifuro n'amatafari basa neza. Ikora- zifite imbaraga zihagije, kurwanya umuriro, ubushyuhe hamwe nimico myiza yo kwishura amajwi, kuramba, birumvikana, ubushobozi bworoshye bworoshye. Byongeye kandi, ibirahuri birahagarara nibintu birwanya ubushyuhe, bitesha agaciro ibiturire kuva -40 kugeza + 50c.
Buri kintu-kimwe cya kabiri cy'ikirahuri "amatafari" gikozwe mu kirahure (6-7mm). Ingano isanzwe yikirahure - 190190 80mm (mububiko urashobora kubona ibicuruzwa nibindi 240240 80 cm). Misa iratandukanye kuva 2.2 kugeza kuri 4 kg. Ibice biboneka kandi bifite umutima) imiterere yimiterere yurukiramende (ibipimo byabo 1909080 cm) birahari. Ubuso bwikirahure bugezweho burashobora kuba byoroshye, bukongerera, mucyo, matte ndetse no ibara. Muri iki kibazo, ibicuruzwa bifite ubuso butandukanye burabura muburyo butandukanye. Hano hari mucyo rwose (hamwe nurukuta rworoshye rwo mumaso), gukwirakwiza urumuri numucyo-umucyo (izo ngaruka mubisanzwe bifite ibirahuri bifite ubusoni). Usibye moderi isanzwe, abakora benshi bakorana nabo batanga inyabutatu, inguni (ku mpande zombi, inkingi, nibindi) ndetse no kuzenguruka. Muri ibyo, birumvikana ko ibice bitukwaho, kuko imikorere yabo ifite imitako isumba.
Kubirahuri byo gufunga, hashyirwaho ibintu byose birimo ibyatsi binini cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bishoboye gushushanya hejuru. Ibi birashobora kuba ibisubizo bya sima, na "imisumari y'amazi", nibindi byinshi. Niba igisubizo cyageze hejuru yikirahure mugihe cyo gukora, gerageza guhisha kwoza hamwe namazi. Ibinyuranye, misa yumye igomba kugira ngo isuzume icyuma, biroroshye cyane kwangiza.
Kugira ngo byoroherezwe kwishyiriraho igice, grille yimbaho ya modular isanzwe ikoreshwa. Ariko nibyiza gukoresha gaskets idasanzwe-shyiramo ($ 0.25-0.5 kuri buri gice), urakoze kugirango ugere kuri intera ihamye hagati yibintu bikozwe neza hagati yibintu bikozwe neza hagati yibintu bikozwe neza hagati yibintu bikozwe neza hagati yibintu bikozwe neza hagati yibintu bikozwe neza hagati yibintu bifatika. Ingingo na kashe nibyiza gufunga amajwi yimbuto kuri tile - gusa ibice bizasa neza. Kugira ngo ibirahure birangiye "bifunze" na sima, birasabwa gushyira imirongo itari itatu yo guhagarika uburebure kumunsi. Ibi biterwa nuko kubwubuhinzi bwiza na sima bakeneye igihe kinini kuruta, urugero, amatafari. Nko kuri PGP, igice kiva mubirahure kizakenera gushakisha umuryango wa 80mm. Ibisohoka kuva kumwanya birashobora kuba umuryango rusange uhagarika hamwe namasanduku. Mugihe ushizeho igishushanyo nkurwo, birahagije gushyira imbere imirongo ihagaritse mubugari bwigabanijwe no gushimangira.
Mubyukuri, hamwe nubufasha bwamabara menshi "ikirahuri" ushobora gukemura igishushanyo cyamazu yawe murufunguzo rutunguranye kandi rwumwimerere. Kenshi na kenshi, ibirahuri birategurwa mubwiherero, mugikoni ndetse no mucyumba cyo kuraramo, gutandukanya agace kamwe gakora inzu. Isano ya curvitoinear irashobora kubakwa, mugihe Radiyo ntarengwa ifite 5 m. Ntamuntu ugushaka gushyiramo ibirahure mu rukuta no gutandukana kubwimbere imbere. Ahari gusubizwa gusa ibi bikoresho nigiciro cyo hejuru ugereranije. Ibirahure ni impuzandengo ya $ 1.5 kugeza $ 50 kuri buri gice. Noneho ku isoko ryikirusiya tanga icyitegererezo kidahenze kandi gifite ireme ryumusaruro wo murugo (1 PC - kuva $ 0.8), kurugero, uhereye kuri sosiyete "ikirahure cyinyenyeri". Igipimo cyiza cyigiciro nubwiza birashobora kwirata ibicuruzwa bya VITRABLOK (Repubulika ya Ceki), Saint-Gobain (Ubufaransa), SOLORIORI (Ubudage) nibindi byiza birashobora kuba umurimo wa shobuja: kubaka Ibitekerezo bitandukanye na $ 14 kugeza $ 25 (1M2).
Ikadiri
Kubikoresho bitandukanya ubu bwoko, amabati ya plastery, fiber na chipboard irakoreshwa. Ikariso ikabije igabanijwe hamwe namabati ya plastery (glc) kuva mumasosiyete "KNAF Gypsum" (Uburusiya) na GyProc (Ubwongereza).Ikadiri ibice hamwe na GLCs byoroshye kandi byihuse iragenda, bityo bikagabanya cyane igihe cyakazi. Undi nyungu zidashidikanywaho za GLC ziri mubyukuri ko ishobora kuba iy'imikorere ifite imiterere yamenetse cyangwa curvilinear, kandi ibishushanyo bigabanya gato ahantu h'icyumba.
Uburebure buremewe bwa Plastol Septal Septal (12.5 Mm) biterwa nubunini bwigice cyimirongo ya rack imyirondoro ya Rack yakoreshejwe nintera iri hagati yabo. Uburebure bwibicuruzwa nkibi bushobora kugera kuri 5-6.5 m, hamwe na misa ya 1m-25-49 kg. Kugereranya: Septum kumurongo wibiti (utubari 6080mm) irashobora kugira uburebure bwa metero 4.1222 kugeza 30 kugeza 50.5 kg). Muri icyo gihe, kugabanuka kwinshi (95mm theick) ku mugabane umwe, yashyizwe ku mpapuro 12.5 kuri buri ruhande, irangwa n'urwego rw'ijwi ryerekeye amajwi amafaranga 32 DB n'umuriro wo kurwanya amasaha 0.2. Igishushanyo nkicyo, ariko kimaze gutwikirwa amabati abiri ya phosterboard kuri buri ruhande, atanga ibitekerezo byumvikana kuri 45 db kandi birashobora kwihanganira urumuri rufunguye kumasaha yuzuye.
Niba ugiye kumanika kunyuramo ibintu byose biremereye (urugero, ububiko bwibitabo), uzirikane ko umutwaro ugereranya igishushanyo kitari cyo kuri metero yigihe gito. Ugereranije ibintu byoroheje, misa itarenze kg 15 (kurugero, amashusho, amashusho cyangwa amasaha), bihagarikwa kuri trim ya plaque ya plaque ukoresheje Dowel na screw. GLKL Directions igufasha gukora intoki zihishe. Ku rukuta rwarangiye, ibicapo bikunze gukomera cyangwa gukoresha plaster yo gushushanya, kandi urashobora kuva hejuru kandi utarangije.
Igiciro cya 1m2 cyo kugabana amashanyarazi ni $ 20-50 (ukuyemo kwishyiriraho) kandi biterwa niboneza, igishushanyo mbonera cyacyo, igishushanyo mbonera, umubare wibipimo, uburebure nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo nibindi bipimo. Kubikorwa byo kwishyiriraho bigomba kuzuza 10-20% byagaciro k'ibikoresho. Soma byinshi kubyerekeye ibice byingingo "Roman hamwe na Plasseton" byasohotse muri iki cyumba.
Ni guceceka byuzuye birashoboka?
Iki nikimwe mubibazo nyamukuru byabajijwe nabagiye gutandukanya ibiro na pepiniyeri, no mucyumba, aho nimugoroba, bene wabo ba Kinoman bicaye imbere ya ecran ya ecran yo murugo. Ntabwo bishoboka ko ushobora kwiyumvisha ubuzima bwiza kandi butuje niba urangije umunsi wakazi uhuze ugerageza gusinzira, uzahatirwa kumva ibiganiro mubyumba bikurikira, gutontoma byabavuga cyangwa ikintu nkicyo. Nibyo, na videwo yo murugo hamwe nijwi rizengurutse ntabwo ridasanzwe kugirango ntushyire byibuze imbaraga zo hagati. Kurengera urusaku. Ariko duhereye kubihe ibikoresho bigomba kubakwa kugirango bamfashe muri ibi?
Ijwi ryumvikana ryinzego zifunze (hejuru, inkuta nigice) nubushobozi bwo gukumira amarangi kandi ukagabanya umuvuduko wurubwito kandi ukagabanya umuvuduko wijwi (cyangwa imbaraga zumvikana) urusaku rwinjira mucyumba gituje. Muri icyo gihe, urusaku rw'umwuka (rubaho mu kirere kandi rurakoze mu kirere amajwi, rukwirakwira mu nzego zishimishije) n'ingoma (bigaragara mu nyubako zabo, yoherejwe mucyumba muburyo bwijwi ryumurage).
Igipimo cyubwubatsi kimenyekanisha igitekerezo cyubushobozi bwumvikana (Ijwi ryubukwe - RW), ripimirwa muri Decibels. Agaciro ntigaterwa n'akarere k'icyumba, cyangwa ku busano bwarimo kandi kireba gusa imiterere ikubiyemo. Mhnsn 2.04-97 "Uruzinduko rwemewe hamwe nibisabwa byijwi mu nyubako rusange kandi rusange", ku cyiciro cy'amazu (52 db- ku munyeshuri mu ngo (byiza inyubako), 50 db- kubice byinzu mu (amazu ashaje).
Nkamakuru yo gutekereza, ingero nkizo zirashobora gutangwa. Ibitambani bivuye mu matafari yuzuye atukura, byashyizwe ku mpande zombi, gira indangagaciro zikurikira: Urukuta muri polliphich (ubugari na 150mm plaster) - 47 DB; urukuta mumatafari 1 (ubunini hamwe 280mm plaster) - 54 DB; Urukuta mumatafari 2 (umubyimba hamwe na plaster 530mm) - 60 db.
Amajwi yurusaku rwindege yinzira nyabagendwa kuva impapuro ebyiri za Gvl Thick 12mm kuri buri kintu cyigenga cya 50mm (Frames Umwanya wuzuye hamwe na frame ya 10mm Agera kuri 53 DB. Muri iki gihe, umubyimba wose wimiterere ni 160mm.
Niba ugiye gushiraho ikinamico yo murugo mucyumba, amatafari Septa cyangwa Blocks Blocks Blocks nibyiza kuruta ibishushanyo mvuye ku byumye, byumvikana amajwi make kandi menshi (kandi sinema ni iki?). Noneho, inkuta za plaqueboard zirinzwe cyane nurusaku rwurugo (urugero, amajwi yabantu, arujuje ibishoboka kuri gahunda zigereranyo).
Mugihe inzira nyamukuru ari ukumenyekanisha amajwi yicyumba - kwiyongera kwubunini bwibice. Niba igishushanyo gisanzwe hamwe na 50mm umwirondoro hamwe nimpapuro ebyiri za Glc zifite ubunini bwa 100mm, igice kumakadiri atandukanye ni 160mm. Muri iki gihe, urwego rwibiganiro rwijwi ruzagereranywa nikimenyetso kimwe kurubuga runini cyane mu matafari (280mm). Niba kandi icyifuzo cyawe cyo kubona amajwi menshi ari kinini, ugomba kwihanganira gutakaza ahantu h'ingirakamaro. Mu gihe cyambere mubwubatsi bwigenga, ibyumvikana byijwi nibikoresho bihujwe birakoreshwa. Ariko iyi ngingo nini cyane kuburyo ari ngombwa kubitekereza mu kiganiro gitandukanye.
Ibikoresho kubikoresho byinzu yinzu
| Ibikoresho | Ibipimo, MM. | Kurwanya umuriro, Ch | Misa 1M2, kg | Ijwi ryububiko, db | Igiciro, $ | Igiciro 1m2 ikora, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uburebure butukura butukura | 12025065. | 2.5 (hamwe na septum z'ubugari 120mm) | Hafi 260 (mu matafari 1/2) | 45. | 1-1,5 / PC. | 9-25 |
| Imigezi | 600250150. | 1.5-3 (hamwe na septum z'ubunini 120mm) | 7-8 | 37-40 | 25 / m3. | 6-8 |
| Block Blocks | 600300100 (200) | 2.5-4 (hamwe n'ubunini bw'ibice 140mm) | 210. | 37-40 | 46 / m3. | 6-8 |
| Ibirahuri | 19019080. | Ntabwo ari munsi ya 1. | 70 (hamwe na misa yumurongo umwe wa 2.5 kg) | 40-45 | 2-10 / PC. | 20-25 |
| Guswera | 39018890. | Nka 1. | Hafi 180. | 43-46 | 0.4-0.8 / PC. | 6-8 |
| Ibice bya plaqueboard | - | 0.75-1.9 | 25-50 | 43-55 | 15-22 / M2. | 6-12. |
| Amasahani ya puzzle | 66750080 (100) | 2. | Nka 90. | 41 (ku masahani yijimye 80mm); 45 (ku masahani yijimye 100mm) | 10-11 / M2. | 2-3. |
Ibiciro byo kubaka Septum ya Septam Gupima M2.70 M (umubyimba mu 1/2 Amatafari)
| Ibikoresho | umubare | Igiciro kuri buri gice, $ | Agaciro kwose k'ibikoresho, $ | Igiciro cyose cyakazi, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amatafari ya Silta | 650 PC. | 0.20 / PC. | 130. | 141. |
| Armature | 16 m / p M. | 0.50 / Pog. M. | umunani | Yashyizwe mu giciro |
| Igisubizo | 0.5m3 | 20m3 | 10 | Masonch |
| Plaster | 500 kg | 0.10 / kg | mirongo itanu | 113. |
| Putty | 90 kg | 0.50 / kg | 45. | 84. |
| Gukata ibikoresho (guhitamo): | ||||
| irangi | 11 kg | 7 / kg | 77. | 5 / M2. |
| Imbaho | 21,6m2. | 20 / m2. | 432. | 15 / m2. |
| wallpaper | 4.5 Rulona | 10 / umuzingo | 120. | Kuva kuri 4 / M2 |