Ni ayahe makuru akenewe kugirango ashushanye ishusho y'ibidukikije by'akarere ko kugushimisha? Nihehe kubasha kandi bizatwara angahe?
Wateranye kugirango uhindure aho utuye. Nigute utabikora amakosa kandi ntube ahantu hatagaragara? Ni he ushobora kubona amakuru kubyerekeye ibidukikije byumujyi, akarere? Tuzagerageza gusubiza ibi bibazo.
Biragaragara ko kwimukira muyindi bikorwa byihutirwa, biteguriwe numuryango runaka ukomeye cyangwa ibihe byemewe. Kuganira kubibazo byubwoko nkubu ntabwo aribyo kandi birashoboka ko bidafite akamaro. Kubwibyo, twibwira ko wasamye kugirango wimuke mumujyi wawe, nubwo reka tuvuge amagambo make hamwe nibidukikije byububiko butandukanye bwu Burusiya.
Birashoboka rero, uzatangira gushakisha amazu mashya uhereye aho uhisemo. Turizera ko ibintu byibidukikije bizafata muriki gikorwa ntabwo bibanza nyuma yibiciro biri hasi, byoroha ahantu hamwe nibikorwa remezo byiza - Impaka zidasanzwe, zitemewe. Noneho algorithm yoroshye. Ubanza uhitamo ahantu h'inshuti. Noneho bisobanurwa ninzu. Ni ayahe makuru azakenera aho yakura kandi bizatwara angahe?
Ibidukikije byakarere
Ishusho y'ibidukikije y'akarere kagushimishije irashobora gukusanywa mu gukusanya amakuru ku ngingo zikurikira:Kubaho mumihanda minini ningaga zinganda;
urwego rwibirimo mu kirere ibintu byangiza;
Umubare wibihingwa bibisi kuri buri muturage;
Ikirere.
Niba ahantu h'ikinyabiziga ushobora kumenya ikarita yo mu mujyi, kandi imbere y'icyatsi cyo kubaho cyangwa kubura ku buryo bwo kumenya neza, ugera aho ibintu bisigaye byose biragoye. Ku ishusho ifatika yimiterere yibidukikije byakarere, bifatika bifatika birakenewe, ntabwo buri gihe byoroshye kubona. Twari tujijuye, tugerageza kwiga kubyerekeye imirasire nubupfura ikirere cyibice bitandukanye bya Moscou. Twabonye ko abaturage bo mu mujyi, twagerageje kuvugana n'imiryango ya ibidukikije yo mu murwa mukuru, mu mijyi minini ibaho mu mijyi minini, mu bigo by'Uburusiya ndetse no mu karere k'Uburusiya.
Kuboneka Amakuru Yerekeye Leta y'ibidukikije muri Minisiteri zitandukanye za Leta n'amashami
| Ikintu cy'ibidukikije | Ishyirahamwe | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ce | Gm | Se | Nibindi | Ubutaka | Ishyamba | SHAKA. | P | Status | |
| Imiterere / umwanda kuwa gatatu | |||||||||
| Ikirere | W. | W. | W. | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Amazi | W. | W. | W. | W. | - | - | W. | W. | - |
| Ubutaka | W. | W. | W. | V. | W. | - | W. | - | - |
| Ibimera | W. | W. | - | - | - | W. | W. | - | - |
| Isi | W. | W. | - | - | - | - | W. | - | - |
| Imyuka / imyanda | |||||||||
| Ware. Imyuka | W. | W. | W. | - | - | - | - | W. | W. |
| Isezererwa ry'amazi | W. | W. | W. | - | - | - | - | W. | W. |
| Imyanda ikomeye | W. | - | W. | - | - | - | - | W. | W. |
| Imyanda yangiza | W. | - | W. | V. | - | - | - | - | W. |
| Imyanda ya radiyo | W. | W. | W. | V. | - | - | - | - | W. |
| Kurinda no Kugarura | |||||||||
| Ikirere | W. | - | W. | - | - | - | - | - | W. |
| Amazi | W. | - | W. | W. | - | - | - | - | W. |
| Ubutaka | W. | - | W. | - | W. | - | - | W. | W. |
| Amabuye y'agaciro. | - | - | - | W. | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ibimera | W. | - | - | - | - | W. | - | W. | W. |
| W-umubare munini wamakuru V- amakuru yamakuru / ibibazo byatoranijwe Kugabanuka: Ce komite ya leta ya federasiyo yuburusiya kubidukikije; Gm rosgidromet; SENDANE Epidadzor; Minisitiri w'umutungo kamere w'ishyirahamwe ry'Uburusiya; Ubutaka; Budeeshoz; SELD LYLAND; Stroystroy; Urugo. |
Naho imirasire yimirasire, igenzurwa na Enterprises Zoton i Moscou. Kandi nubwo hari imirasire nyinshi zo mu murwa mukuru no mukarere ndetse nimyanda myinshi yegeranijwe, muri rusange, kuburyo bukurikiranwa nabakozi bayo, ishusho yimyanda iratera imbere. Indangagaciro za Gamma-Inyuma mu bice bitandukanye bya Moscou ihindagurika murwego rwa 7-14 μr / h. Usibye aya magambo, twatanze ikarita hamwe nibice bya tuvandimwe na radio.
Twahisemo kumenya imibare yemewe yagaciro ntarengwa yinyuma ya gamma (ubukana bwimirasire ya gamma), ariko nkabahanga "byadusobanuriye, nta mahame yemewe. Byemezwa gusa ko agaciro k'inyuma kamere 20-30 Mkp / H iremewe ubuzima. Niba ibipimo byimpamvu imwe cyangwa ubundi birenze 30 μr / h (kubijyanye niterambere ryihariye nubushakashatsi bwihariye bwa radiyo), inyuma byanze bikunze byanze bikunze gutangiza inzobere muri buri kibazo.
Twibwira ko amakuru y'ingirakamaro ashobora gukurwa mu mibare y'ubuvuzi mu ndwara yiganje mu bice bitandukanye bya Moscou (yafashwe ko yashishikarizwa muri rusange imiterere y'ibidukikije. Byaragaragaye ko bidashoboka kubona amakuru nkaya atari abahakana gusa, ahubwo no kubanyamakuru. Kumva ikibazo cyacu, amavuriro yose yahise ajugunya terefone cyangwa yavuze ati: "Ntukemere umutwe." Ibikoresho byubuvuzi bya Temte aho byashoboye kuvugana numuganga mukuru, twoherejwe muri Biro imibare yubuvuzi bwintara cyangwa ku biro byintara yubuzima. Ariko ngaho, bari basobanuye ko twumva ko amakuru nkaya abenegihugu basanzwe batabonetse.
Hagati ya GosanapidaDOR ya Moscou no muri CGSAN imwe mu turere two mu murwa mukuru, twahisemo kubona amakuru kubirimo ibintu byangiza mu bice bimwe na bimwe byumujyi. No mu mujyi, no mu kigo cy'akarere aya makuru yishyuwe. Urashobora gutumiza ubufasha kumugaragaro mugundika ibaruwa yandikiwe umuganga mukuru wa Ses. Ibiciro kuri serivisi nkibyo, ntabwo twigeze twiga, kuko umuntu wese wavuganye natwe, muburyo bumwe cyangwa undi yagerageje kuzenguruka iki kibazo. Ariko, ubufasha buragerageza. Batanze inama z'umuntu ku guhitamo akarere, byashubijwe mu buryo burambuye, basabwe inzego ushobora kubonana no kwihutisha imanza zihuta.
Muri serivisi ya federasiyo ya hydrometeorology, twagerageje kwiga ibidukikije muri Yekaterinburg. Ntibisanzwe gusa kuri buri gace k'umujyi, ariko nanone yatanze terefone muri divasi ya hydromete ya hydromete yo muri Eydromete yo kwakira ibyerekanwe. Muri icyo gihe, yemerewe kwerekeza ku izina rya Metropolitan.
Nyuma yo kunanirwa kuva kera, twasanze ikibazo kibishimishije cyikigo cyumuryango cya hydrometeologiya no gukurikirana ibidukikije (CGMS). Hano urashobora gutumiza byoroshye icyemezo cyo kwanduza ikirere muri buri gice cya buri mujyi runaka. Ubukurikira, twerekeje mu kigo cya Moscoumeteorology, gifite amakuru yuzuye yerekeye umwanda wumurwa mukuru. Inzererezi ikora indorerezi kumyanya 35 zihagaze kandi igenzura ibiri mu kirere cy'umurwa mukuru w'ibyabaye 27. Ikigo cyasesenguwe buri munsi kandi cyo gutunganya amakuru ava kuri iyi nyandiko. Rusange ikorwa hashingiwe ku makuru ku gihe kimwe cyangwa impuzandengo ya buri munsi yubushake bwangiza. Kubwibyo, wige uko umwuka wikirere uri mu turere twa Moscou ndetse n'amagambo azatwara iki kibazo, twagerageje hano.
Nkuko byagaragaye, muri MoszGMS, urashobora gutumiza kugabanuka, kwagurwa no kugereranya no kugereranya byerekeranye nuburyo bwo guhumeka.
Gusuzuma imiterere yibidukikije byumujyi, inzobere zitabimenyerewe umubare wibipimo. Ni tectonics yubutaka nubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ikirere; Umubare w'inganda z'inganda n'urwego rw'akaga kabo; Umubare wubwikorezi kuri buri muntu nurwego rwimyuka mu kirere. Agaciro k'ingenzi mugusuzuma umwuka wumuhanda numuhanda ufite ibiranga imiterere yumuhanda w'imbere, winjiza hamwe numuvuduko ugereranije wo gutwara. Usibye ibi, uhereye kuri ibi mumijyi itandukanye, hamwe numubare umwe wubwikorezi, imyuka itandukanye irashobora kugaragara, bityo rero urwego rutandukanye rwumwanda wumwuka. Ubwiyongere bw'indwara n'inyenyeri ya bronchial na Bronchite, abahanga bahuza kwibanda ku kirere cya Nitrogen Dioxyde.
Icyemezo gikubise Harimo amakuru ajyanye no kwibanda ku mpongano mu kirere cyikirere, biranga ifasi runaka kandi habonetse hakurikijwe amakuru yo gukurikirana imiyoboro yo gukurikirana ya Gu "Moscou-R". Byakozwe kumunsi 1 kandi bigura amafaranga 1500.
Icyemezo cyagutse Harimo:
Ibiranga ubutaka;
amakuru ku isoko nyamukuru yanduye (izina ry'imishinga, ibintu by'ibanze - umwanda wasohotse mu kirere) uherereye muri radiyo ya km 1 uvuye kuri aderesi ya mbere;
amakuru yerekeye kwibanda ku kirere mu kirere cyo mu kirere (impuzandengo ya buri munsi, igihe ntarengwa), biranga akarere ukunda kandi yakiriwe hakurikijwe umuyoboro ukurikirana wo gukurikirana ".
gusuzuma umwanda wo mu kirere hamwe n'ibyifuzo by'abaturage;
amakuru ajyanye nurwego rwumuvuduko wubutaka numwuka;
Muri rusange ibiranga ibihe byiza kandi bibi byo gutura muri kano karere.
Ijambo ryicwa ni iminsi 3. Igiciro cya serivisi ni amafaranga 3000.
Kugereranya kwerekanwa bizagura amafaranga 3000. Harimo kugereranya imibereho ahantu hatandukanye hashingiwe kumakuru yatanzwe muburyo bwagutse. Ijambo ryicwa ni iminsi 3.
Byongeye kandi, CGMS irashobora gukora ubushakashatsi bukurikira ibidukikije kuri gahunda:
Gupima umwanda mu kirere mu turere dutuyemo hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'ibidukikije ikirere kuri aderesi yihariye;
Ubushakashatsi bwibidukikije (ikirere cyikirere, amazi yo hejuru, ubutaka, igifuniko cya shelegi, imirasire, isesengura rya leta, kubara ibyangiritse.
Nkuko bigaragara muburambe bwacu, ntibyoroshye kwiga ikintu cyose mumibiri ya leta. Nubwo ingingo ya 42 z'itegeko Nshinga rya Federasiyo y'Uburusiya yemeza abaturage uburenganzira bwo kwize amakuru, ugomba kwitegura ibyo duhura nabyo mubyukuri inzitizi zitandukanye. Ntabwo amashyirahamwe yose atangira kubushake amakuru akenewe. Ikintu nyamukuru kuri wewe nukwerekana ubwitange no kwihangana. Kandi ntiwibagirwe ko, usibye leta, hari imiryango myinshi yigenga ifitanye isano ninzego nkuru zishyizwe kurutonde kandi zifite amakuru yizewe. Uravugana gusa nabo: kwishyura amafaranga, urashobora kubona amakuru no kumara ibipimo bidasanzwe. Ariko, hano kandi kubuntu rwose kubibazo byawe.
Mugihe uhisemo inzu, ni ngombwa kuzirikana imbere, ibidukikije nabyo ntabwo ari byiza cyangwa bitameze neza. Kurugero, akarere ka Perovo i Moscou kafatwa ku mugaragaro ko atari bibi, kandi mu karere k'Abirengerazuba-Iburengerazuba - ibidukikije. Ariko icyarimwe, kugura inzu, birashoboka ko ari byiza guhitamo inzu i Perovo, iri mu nyubako yo guturamo, iruhande rwa parike ya Kuskovsky no kure yumuhanda urenze inzu mukarere kepfo, kugenda amadirishya kugirango Leninsky yizere. Cyangwa urundi rugero. Nubwo umuhanda wa alpine uherereye mu gice cyo hagati, cyanduye cyo mu mujyi wa Sochi, we, nk'uko abaturage babibonaga, bifatwa nk'imwe mu busuku. Impamvu - Mu muyaga wa Roza. Umuhanda uhuha neza bityo rero urinde kubaho. Rero, urebye amazu yahawe kugirango agure, suzuma aho inzu yiherereye mu gace runaka k'umujyi.
Ibidukikije "Ahantu"
Iyo uhuye numutungo utimukanwa, ibuka: PROMWY YANYU YISUMBUYE KUBYEREKEZO - Urufunguzo rwo Guhitamo no Guhitamo Amazu meza. Umuhanzi, ushishikajwe no kugurisha amazu, ubushake bwo gushushanya ibyiza by'akarere biherereyemo kuruta ibibi byayo. Kubwibyo, ugomba gukuramo amakuru yizewe kubyerekeye imiterere y'Akarere.Guhitamo muri izo nzu zigutegura ahantu h'ubutaka, igiciro, kuba hafi ya metero, n'ibindi, gusa kandi bidasanzwe, kurikiza amategeko akurikira: imwe. Saba kumenyera ibyamenyereye inyandiko "ibidukikije hamwe n'ibisabwa by'isuku n'ibisabwa by'isuku", biri mu mushinga wo kubaka inzu.
Ingingo ya 37 y'amategeko ya federasiyo "mu kurengera ibidukikije" "agira ati:" Kubaka no kongera kubaka inyubako, inyubako n'ibindi bikorwa bigomba gukorwa ku mishinga yemewe ifite isuzuma ry'ingaruka zemewe ry'ibidukikije, nk'aho kimwe n'ibisabwa mu isuku n'ibisabwa, amahame n'amategeko. " Twabibutsa ko amategeko atagaragaza ko isosiyete yo kubaka iteganijwe gutanga ibyangombwa byabaguzi. Inyandiko zose nu mutungo wikigo cyubwubatsi, kandi mugukemura gusa ubuyobozi bwayo biterwa nuko ushobora gusoma iyi nyandiko. Ariko niba umushoramari-wubahiriza umushoramari na abakiriya, bizirikana uburenganzira bwabo bwumuguzi, birashoboka cyane ko wemerewe kureba neza ko ibyosemerera byose no kubaha kumenyera.
Twahinduye ibigo binini byubwubatsi, dukina uruhare rw'abashobora kugura amazu, maze dusaba gutanga kumenyera igice "Kurengera ibidukikije" mu rwego rw'imishinga y'amazu y'inyungu. Abahagarariye amasosiyete basubije ko iki cyifuzo cyashubijwe ko iki cyifuzo kizuzuzwa byoroshye kandi amakuru yose kubakiriya arahari. Ikindi kintu nuko wenyine icyifuzo cyateye ubwoba. Tumaze kuvugana nabayobozi bagurisha, twasanze abaguzi badafite ishingiro bafite ibyo basabwa. AH muri rimwe mu masosiyete akomeye mu banditsi ba Moscow ntibibutse urubanza rumwe rusa mumyitozo yabo. Nibyo, twatwijeje ko niba umukiriya aramutse akiri icyifuzo cyo gucukumbura ibyangombwa byumushinga, bizasohora. Nta biciro byinyongera kuri ibi kuruhande rwawe bizakenerwa.
2. Reba ibyangombwa by'igice "Kurengera ibidukikije n'isuku n'ibisabwa by'isuku. Niba ushishikajwe no guhitamo ahantu heza cyane mubidukikije, ni ingenzi cyane kuri wewe kandi bafite agaciro kuko birimo amakuru menshi akenewe. Ikintu nyamukuru nukumenya.
Urutonde rwimijyi hamwe nurwego rwo hejuru rwumwanda (dukurikije amakuru ya 2002)
| Umujyi | Ibintu byerekana urwego rwo hejuru rwumwanda wumujyi ikirere cyumujyi |
|---|---|
| Barnaul | BP, F, No2 |
| Biisk | No2, BP, F. |
| Bratsk | No2, BP, F, CS2 |
| Volgograpp | No2, BP, F, HF |
| Volgodonsk | No2, BP, F. |
| Volzhsky | No2, BP, F. |
| Yekaterinburg | No2, BP, F, Acrolein |
| Irkutsk | No2, BP, F, CO |
| Kemerovo | NH3, BP, F, CS2 |
| Komsomolsk- Amur | Bb, No2, BP, F. |
| Krasnodar | Phenol, no2, BP, F. |
| Mound | BP, F. |
| Lipetsk | Phenol, no2, BP, F. |
| Magadan | Oya, No2, BP, F. |
| Magnitogork | Bb, No2, BP, F. |
| Moscou, igice cyamajyepfo yumujyi | No2, BP, F. |
| Nevinnomsss | Bb, No2, BP, F, HF |
| Nizhny Novgorod | BB, BP, F. |
| Novokuznetsk | Bb, No2, BP, F. |
| Novotherkassk | Bb, No2, BP, F, HF |
| Nortils | Bb, So2, F, Oya |
| Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky | BP, F. |
| Rostov- Don | No2, BP, f, oya |
| Ryazan | No2, F, CS2 |
| Saint Petersburg | Bb, No2, F, BP, NH3 |
| Tomsk | BP, F. |
| Ulan-Ude | Phenol, no2, BP, F. |
| Usolyst-Siberiya | No2, BP, BB |
| Usuriysk | No2, BP, BB |
| Khabarovsk | No2, BP, F, BB |
| Chita | No2, BP, F, BB |
| Sakhalinsk y'Amajyepfo | Saya, No2, BP, F. |
| F-formaldehyde; Kuvugururwa ibintu; Bp bezenz (a) pyrene |
Iki gice cyerekana iki? Inyandiko y'ibihimbano igizwe n'ibice bitandukanye. Amazina yabo azabona ako kanya, ntashobora gufungura ibirimo. Dutanga nk'urugero ibikubiye mu nyandiko biri mu mushinga wo kubaka imwe mu nyubako zo gutura mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Moscou. Nk'uko amabwiriza abiteganya ku mushinga rusange no kwitegura umushinga i Moscou, irimo ibintu bikurikira:
1. Biranga imiterere yubutaka bwubutaka bwubwubatsi bwateguwe.
1.1. Ahantu hamwe no gukoresha bugezweho. Indorerezi.
1.2. Ibidukikije no gutegura umujyi.
1.3. Geologiya na geomorphologiya na hydrogenelogiya.
1.4. Imiterere y'ibimera.
1.5. Imiterere yubutaka bwubutaka.
1.6. Ifasi y'umutekano w'imirasire.
1.7. Imiterere y'Ikirere.
2. Iteganyagihe ryibidukikije.
2.1. Ibiranga ikintu cyo kubaka hamwe ningaruka zibidukikije.
2.2. Kurinda umwuka wo mu kirere.
2.3. Kurinda no gukoresha neza umutungo wamazi.
2.4. Kurinda urusaku.
2.5. Gutezimbere no guhinga akarere.
2.6. Isuku y'isuku y'ubutaka.
Nkuko bigaragara mubikubiyemo inyandiko ziduha inyungu zigizwe nibice bibiri: muri kimwe, leta yibidukikije igaragarira mbere yo kubaka kubaka, ejo hazaza ni iteganyagihe ry'ejo hazaza. Dukurikije gahunda nk'iyi, igice kirimo gutezwa imbere kubaka urugo urwo arirwo rwose.
Twabibutsa ko ishingiro ryiyi nyandiko aribwo amakuru menshi yihariye hamwe nibarura rigoye rizemerwa nababigize umwuga gusa. Ugomba kandi gushakisha imyanzuro kubice. Bahujwe kandi barumvikana.
Noneho, ufata inyandiko mumaboko, fungura ushize amanga kubijyanye nikibazo cyibidukikije no mumujyi. Reba uko inzu ushimishijwe iherereye ijyanye nibintu bitandukanye byo mumijyi - Ibigo byinganda, umuhanda munini. Witondere cyane ibyo bintu biva muri byo hafi. Niba hari uruganda cyangwa uruganda rufite inganda hafi, soma ibyabaye kugirango bigabanye ingaruka kubidukikije.
Niba ahantu hatanzwe ugishaka, suzuma "iterambere no guhinga igihugu". Nibyiza kubutaka bwateguwe, na bumwe mubice byo kubaho neza. Kuruhande rwinzu igomba kuba ibibuga, igaraje, parikingi yimodoka, ahantu hahamye. Birashobora kubaho ko ikintu cyinyubako cyatanzwe mumushinga kitazaba. Bibaho ko abaterankunga bahuza ibyangombwa byumushinga hamwe ninzoka zitandukanye. Autothe abaturage bahura nabyo ko nta gaje n'imodoka hafi yinzu nimodoka bigomba gushyira mubyerekeranye kubyerekeranye n'amategeko. Cyangwa mu buryo butunguranye bigaragara ko ntaho habaye kugendana n'abana, kubera ko bibagiwe ku rubuga cyangwa baragitunga hafi y'imihanda. Umwanzuro: Witondere! Wige iki kintu muburyo burambuye kandi ntutinye bisa nkibintu byinshi - bibabaza - ubaze ushize amanga ibibazo byumutungo utimukanwa. N'ubundi kandi, kuri wewe, kandi ntabwo azagomba kubaho mu nzu uhitamo.
Ku cyiciro gikurikira, witondere "kurinda ikirere cyikirere". Hano hari amasoko yibintu byangiza byateguwe kuruhande rwinzu (kurugero, parikingi) nurwego rwo kwanduza umwuka wikirere ubarwa. Amakuru ashingiye kubirangwa bikorwa bigabanyijemo amatsinda 2.
Itsinda rya mbere ni amakuru kumurongo winyuma yimpongano ahantu havugwa ko kubaka. Baboneka muri Sydrometeoolologiya. Itsinda rya kabiri ryamakuru (kubyerekeye igenamiterere) ritangwa nabashushanya. Kurugero, ni ahantu heza parikingi ibarwa, aho no kure yinzu izaba iherereye, nibindi.
Ukurikije aya makuru, uzirikana amaroza yumuyaga, gutatanya kwa pollutants no kwibanda kumuyaga ubarwa. Kurugero, duhindukirira kubaka inyubako yo guturamo dukurikije umushinga kugiti cye mukarere ka Moscou. Kuruhande rwinyubako nkuru mumushinga zitanga kuba hari ikigo cyishuri cyo kwishoramo abana hamwe na parikingi ifunguye. Turi nk'abapangayi, mbere na mbere, turashaka, niba icyuho cy'ubutaka hagati ya parikingi kandi inzu ubwayo iragaragara.
Niba parikingi ifite ubushobozi bwiza, ariko iherereye kure ya m 7 kuva ku nyubako yo guturamo (byibuze 10), mugihe ba nyiri imodoka bazishyushya imodoka zabo, abatuye imodoka zabo ntibazagera kuri 4-5 hasi gushobora gufungura Windows. Birakenewe kandi kumenya niba ubwinshi bwimyuka ihumanya ikirere kuva isoko rishya ryashyizweho 10% MPC (MPC ntarengwa yemewe) ya buri kimwe. Iyi shusho ningirakamaro cyane kuri Moscou, aho habaye amateka yibanda kubintu byangiza biriyongera.
Amategeko agenga icyuho cy'akarere hagati y'inyubako yo guturamo hamwe n'ubundi buryo bwo gufungura burashobora gusobanurwa mu ishami rishinzwe gucunga ibidukikije mu ishami rishinzwe gucunga ibidukikije n'ishami rishinzwe ibidukikije cyangwa kurengera ibidukikije cyangwa mu ishami rya komini rya Leta-Poidadzor. Dukurikije amakuru twaduhaye, parikingi ntigomba kuba hafi ya metero 10-12 uvuye munzu. Turasaba umushinga w'ubwubatsi: "... Parikingi izaba yegereye kuva m 12 kuva ku bwinjiriro bw'inyubako yateguwe." Nkuko mubibona, bihuye rwose nibisanzwe. Ibindi bihari harabujijwe kubabara imbaga yamakamyo mu kirere. Dushishikajwe kandi ku mbaraga: "Kubera kubara mu mbaraga z'imyuka no gutatanya mu kirere gikubiye mu ifashijwe ry'intara ziteganijwe, hashyizweho icyerekezo cyo ku butaka bw'ubwubatsi bwateguwe na The Inyubako yo guturamo izaba itarenze 0.05-0, 1 MPC ... kwiyongera, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibyifuzo byumushinga ntibizaganisha ku ngaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije ku buryo bwo kwanduza imiti. "
Birumvikana ko utazashobora kugenzura neza imyanzuro nk'uwo, ni yo mpamvu uzareba neza ko abantu babemererwa ku mushinga wa Gosanidnadzor ni gihamya yemewe ko imyanzuro iboneye, kandi kubaka byemewe n'amategeko kandi umutekano mubijyanye n'ibidukikije .
Nyuma yibyo, menyereye ibice bisigaye bigushimishije. Niba utarabonye ikintu giteye ubwoba cyo kuguma mukarere katanzwe, turagugira inama yo kugereranya icyateganijwe mbere mumushinga wubwubatsi, hamwe nibisobanura. Kurugero, mumushinga, inzu ifite garage yo munsi yimodoka kumodoka 100. Ibibara byose byatanzwe mumushinga byerekana ko imyuka yibyuka kuri iyi mibare itarenga amahame kandi ntabwo ari bibi kubuzima. Mumaze kugura inzu, kandi urabwirwa ngo: "Dufite igaraje ryiza ku modoka 200." Ibi bivuze ko ibintu byintangiriro n'ibyemerera umushinga wumvikanyweho byahungabanijwe kandi imyuka ikava mu mashini izaturuka ku mashini izakugari kabiri. Cyangwa ibintu bya parikingi byateguwe mu gace kamwe, barabatandukanya rwose.
Ikintu nyamukuru muriki gihe nukwiga byinshi kubyerekeye ihohoterwa no kwerekana umuntu ukugurisha inzu idahuye nibyangombwa byumvikanyweho. Mu mategeko, urashobora gusaba gukosora ibyo bihanitse.
3. Saba menyerize gahunda yibintu, nayo byanze bikunze igice cyumushinga wubwubatsi. Iyi gahunda yerekana inyubako hamwe ninzego ziteganijwe, kimwe n'imihanda n'ibice. Suzuma witonze. Witondere niba batagiye kuzamura inyubako nshya cyangwa ngo bashire kumuhanda iruhande rwawe. Byongeye kandi, urashobora kubona uko urugo rwawe ruzaba rugana mubindi bintu. Kuba narasuzumye gahunda birambuye, hitamo uburyo ejo hazaza amazu azaza kuri wewe.
Bane. Niba, nyuma yo gusaba, ntabwo ari bibi kumenyera imitungo itimukanwa, umusabe kwerekana ikarita ya roza. Ntabwo bishoboka ko abwira igituba, ariko birashoboka kubireba hamwe nigikorwa cyose kugirango gitange akamaro gadasanzwe. Mubisanzwe iyi karita ikoreshwa mugihe kubara umwanda wumuyaga wikirere, kandi mugihe bagenzuwe, birakenewe. Kurugero, nuturere twa Moscou, hagaragaye neza ibitekerezo byanduye byubatswe ugereranije, ikindi kintu nuko isaranganya ryabo riterwa nigitereko cyumuyaga. Kurikirana Windows ya Windows Windows. Kandi buri sitasiyo 16 yikirere ikorera mu murwa mukuru, ibipimo ngenderwaho. Kugirango rero ugenzure niba ikirere cyakoreshejwe kandi kubara byakozwe neza, kandi ikarita irakenewe.
Urashobora gusaba kwerekana umuyaga wazamutse hafi ya Sitasiyo ya Meteorologiya ivugwa. Kurugero, giherereye mukarere ka FDNH. Kuri iyi karita uzabona ko umuyaga wo mu burengerazuba uyoboye i Moscou. Noneho, niba bijyanye ninzu yawe yinganda iherereye mu majyaruguru yuburengerazuba, iburengerazuba cyangwa mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, kandi kuva aho hantu hazavuza umuyaga, noneho hazabaho guhitana umuyaga, noneho abapfumu bose bazakubera hafi. Avti niba inganda kurundi ruhande, kurugero mu Burasirazuba, ntabwo bazagira ingaruka kuri wewe. Ukoresheje urugero rw'ikarita imwe, biragaragara ko uturere twanduye cyane muri Moscou turi mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, iburengerazuba, uburengerazuba n'amajyepfo. Umuyaga nk'uwo urabatera mu mashyamba. Igisubizo nuko uturere kandi tufatwa nkaho ari byiza cyane kubaho.
bitanu. Hanyuma, usibye umwanzuro wa leta-PoidadnaDor, saba kumenyera umwanzuro ku mushinga watanzwe na serivisi ya federasiyo ya Hydrometeologiya no gukurikirana ibidukikije. Menya ko izo nyandiko zidategekwa guha abaturage. Ariko niba ishishikajwe no kugurisha amazu, noneho, birashoboka cyane, icyifuzo cyawe kizahaza.
Amakuru yose akubiye mu mushinga wo kubaka ni umuyobozi. Bisobanura ko yanyuze kuri cheque zitandukanye nubuhanga bityo yizewe. Noneho, wize kandi ugereranye amakuru yose aboneka, urashobora gufata icyemezo cyo guhitamo akarere no murugo. Igikorwa nicyo kishinzwe kandi kitoroshye. Niba rero ushidikanya ikintu, turagugira inama yo gusaba ubufasha kubanzobere. Amashyirahamwe agira uruhare mu bidukikije, nkuko ushobora kuba wasobanukiwe, uyumunsi ni ugufata- leta nibyo. Fata ububiko bwa terefone imwe hanyuma uhamagare ...
Muri rusange, nta shusho yijimye. Turashobora kuvuga kubunararibonye bwihariye: gutsinda muburyo bugoye bwo guhitamo agace kateye imbere gashobora guterwa no kwihangana kwawe no gushaka kubona amakuru akenewe. Kandi niko bigenda neza uburyo bwawe kuri uru rubanza, birashoboka ko aho utuye wahisemo ari umutekano. AnApplica niyindi nama: Mbere yo kugura inzu, jya muminsi mikuru yicyumweru mukarere, kugenzura ibintu biri hafi. Kurenza neza ibidukikije ntabwo bivuze ko mubyukuri ibintu byose bizahinduka nkibicu nko kumpapuro.
Gukomeza.
Hamwe nurwego rwubu rwikoranabuhanga ryubwubatsi, birashoboka kwigunga burundu inzu yawe yumwuka muburyo bwa plastike, imiryango ifite ubwinjiriro bwa plastike, imiryango ifite ubwinjiriro bwa plastike, hamwe nimiryango, nibindi. Ibipimo, ndetse bikabangamira ibintu, kuko mubyumba byubutaka byanze bikunze bidinjagura kungurana ikirere gikenewe. Buri wese muri twe ahumeka impuzandengo ya litiro 23 za dioxyde de carbone mu isaha. Kumenya ibikubiyemo mu kirere cya Atmospashertic (0.3 l / m3 h. Kubwibyo, biniha kuva kuri 20 kugeza kuri 60 / h kumuntu. Kuri somefore agahuriro inzu, Windows ifunze igomba gufungura buri gihe, yiruka munzu hamwe na pollutants zo mumihanda mishya (soot, kandi mu gihe cy'itumba, kandi mu gihe cy'itumba - nacyo cyo guhungabana Ubuzima bw'ingo, cyane cyane abana n'abasaza, bumva cyane imishinga.
Ariko, iki kibazo ntikurikizwa no gusohora ingorane, cyane cyane niba abafite amazu bafite igihumbi 3-10. Ni amafaranga nkaya azakenerwa kugirango gahunda yo gutanga kandi ihahure, itanga icyumba gikenewe kuri Guhumeka bisanzwe hamwe numwuka mwiza no kwemeza kuva munzu hamwe numwuka "wakoze" umwandanyura. Sisitemu nk'iyi irimo kubakwa mu bice bitandukanye, uruhare nyamukuru muri yo rukinwa na monoblock cyangwa tyxcine cyangwa amazi meza ashinzwe gukora isuku (no gushyuha igihe bibaye ngombwa), kimwe no gutanga ikirere ku nzu.
Gutanga gutanga gutanga, tubikesheje igiciro cyumvikana, isaranganya rikomeye muri sisitemu yubucuruzi yihariye ya Veciasi na Balconine (munsi yicyago) cyangwa hasi, kuri sisitemu, kuri urukuta rw'inyuma rw'inyubako. Akenshi bashyirwa muri zone zishyushye - mubyumba byo kubika, ibyumba byo kwambara cyangwa koridors byegeranye nurukuta rwinyuma rwinzu. Hano, kubera uburebure bwayo bubaka nuburebure, ibi bikorwa birashobora guhisha inyuma yahagaritswe cyangwa umurizo hasi no munsi yazamuye; yashizwe hasi iruhande rw'urukuta rw'inyuma; Ubukonje ku nyubako zo kubaka (inkuta, inkingi, nibindi). Kugabanya umutwaro wa vibratoire kumurongo, kugirango urusaku rudakoreshwa, inshinge zo kunyeganyega zikoreshwa.
Umuyaga winjira mukarere katanga katurutse kumuhanda (iyo "traktor" ihagaze kuri logigi cyangwa ifatanye nurukuta rwinyuma) cyangwa unyuze kumurongo wo hanze) cyangwa ushyizwe muri zone ashyushye). Isukurwa n'umukungugu n'abapfumu bakoresheje uburyo bwo kuyungurura, nibiba ngombwa, ashyushye mu nka Calorieter cyangwa Calorieter, nyuma y'umufana wa CentriFugal watewe n'umuyoboro w'ikirere. Icya nyuma ku nzu hamwe n'akarere kagera kuri 130M2 mubisanzwe mubisanzwe bivuye kuri duct-gukusanya hamwe n'umuyoboro woroheje uhumura ikirere uhuza ibice bitandukanye by'icyumba gitandukanye cy'icyumba gitandukanye cy'icyumba gitandukanye cy'icyumba gihuriye. Umuyoboro wo mu kirere urangirira no gukwirakwiza ikirere, cyangwa abatandukanye, ahantu hamwe no guhitamo bitewe nabyo ntibiranga agaciro ko gukwirakwiza ikirere. Intambwe Imbere, ni ngombwa gutanga umuvuduko muto wikirere kuburyo nta myumvire yintangarugero. Abatanga ikirere bakorewe muburyo butandukanye: Birashobora kuba kare (bikoreshwa gusa kugirango ushyire ku gisenge), kuzenguruka (ibisenge (chalings n'inkuta (ku rukuta).
Ibibi nyamukuru byo gukoresha imiyoboro yindege ni ukugabanya uburebure rusange cyangwa buringaniye. Ariko mubyingenzi byasohotse kumpapuro zikinyamakuru cyacu, akenshi hari ibisubizo byumwimerere muburyo bwo guhinduranya imyuma, kwigana ibiti hamwe nimigambi rusange. Kuri bo kandi birashobora guhisha imiyoboro yindege ya Ventilation hamwe na bahagarika. Uburebure ntarengwa bwa "Fittings" ni 310-370mm. Ibitabo bigomba gutunganya uburyo bwo guhindura no gukora, gusimbuza muyunguruzi. Ni ukuvuga, muri trim ya masking, ntugomba kwibagirwa gukora umwobo cyangwa umuryango wa tekiniki. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi nubwinshi bwo kwinjiza amajwi kuri duto hamwe. Iki kimenyetso kizamenya niba ubishoboye kandi abaturanyi bawe baryama neza (guhumeka ni urusaku). Ikibazo nticyoroshye, cyane cyane niba ibikoresho byashyizwe mumwanya wangiza, hafi yabantu.
Mugihe ukoresheje kwishyiriraho gutanga, birashoboka kwanga umuyoboro wo gutanga ikirere na gato, akenshi winjire mubyumba bibiri kandi byibyumba bibiri. Urujya n'uruza ruva mu kwishyiriraho binyuze mu muyoboro muke mucyumba cyegeranye na Logia cyangwa Urukuta rwo hanze. Byongeye, kuberako uhatire, bireba ibibanza byegeranye (urugero, binyuze muri gride zitemba zashizwe hagati yibyumba). Gukuraho ikirere (abitwa indishyi z'imodoka) birashobora gukorwa gusa kubera igitutu kirenze cyatanzwe mu nzu, kandi bikaba binyuze mu muyoboro w'igikoni watanzwe mu nzu, kandi bikaba binyuze mu muyoboro w'igikoni cyangwa uhinduranya imiyoboro y'igikoni yashyizwe mu muyoboro w'igikoni no mu bwiherero.
Ubukungu bwihariye (uhereye kubijyanye nigiciro cyo gukora) sisitemu ya Ventilation ya Ventilation irashobora kubakwa hashingiwe ku gutanga no kwishyiriraho kwishyiriraho. Iki gikoresho gisanzwe cyashyizwe muri zone ashyushye - munzu cyangwa kumurongo wintwari. Ntutanga gusa urujya n'uruza rw'amaso gusa, ahubwo runakuraho umwuka uhumeka urenze inyubako. Ibikoresho bishya kandi bishimishije bigenda mu kwishyiriraho ku miyoboro ibiri irengana mu bushyuhe utanga ubushyuhe (plate, kuzunguruka, gushyuha). Iragufasha gushyuha cyangwa gukonjesha (ukurikije ibihe) umwuka wikirere kubera ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje bwumuyoboro utembanutse mubidukikije. Kuzigama Ingufu zakoreshejwe mu gushyushya umwuka wubusa mugihe cyubukonje burashobora kugereranwa nigikorwa gisanzwe 60-85% (-10c no hepfo) imikorere yubushyuhe buragabanuka, rimwe na rimwe kugeza kuri 0% , kuberako frostzation yinyubako ya Udulizers.
Usibye Utilizer, abafana ba trim na bahunze biherereye mu gutanga no kwishyiriraho amazu yo kwishyiriraho; Akayunguruzo gutanga isuku yumwuka winjira mukungugu; Umushyushya w'amashanyarazi cyangwa amazi, bikenewe kugirango urubuno rwinyongera rwumwuka ukonje cyane, nibindi. Menya neza ko kwishyiriraho bihenze kuruta ibihe 2,5-2, nibikoresho hamwe na pompe yubushyuhe (mubyukuri, icyuma gikonjesha ) inshuro zihenze.
Monoblock igenamiterere rya monoblock yuzuye muyunguruzi, hari ibyiciro bibiri nibisusuza, kandi bigabanijwemo ubwoko. Ubwoko bwa EU1 bwanditse bukoreshwa mubisabwa mu kirere. Birakwiriye kurinda ibibanza kuva ku mwogo nini cyane, kurugero, uhereye kumufuka wa fluff. Urutonde rwa EU2-EU4 rwagenewe kugabanya ivumbi ryumuyaga wahawe ikirere, niba kwibanda kumukungugu mukarere cyangwa hafi yikirere kirimo 1-2 hejuru ya mpc (ntarengwa kwibanda kubyemerera). Ibice byatinze microne zirenga 5 kandi, muburyo budashobora gufata munsi ya 2 μm mugihe cyo kuvura bitarenze 0.5-1 mg / m3. Muyandi magambo, ibi bikoresho ntibishobora kweza umwuka mubiramba byimyororokere hamwe nubwiyuha bwa boiler-pollutants yo hanze. Birakenewe rero gushiraho ibiyungurura neza EU5-EU9, nibyiza hamwe numukungugu munini wumwuka, kwibanda cyane kumakara cyangwa uwumwotsi mwinshi ahantu hagaragara kandi bikwiriye kurinda ibisanzwe, ibikoresho nibindi bintu bya Imbere mu mukungugu mwiza. Ibyiza byiza byogusukura neza bifata ibice binini kuruta 0.1 μm mugihe umukungugu utarenze 0.5 mg / m3.
Kenshi na kenshi, ibyo bita EU 6 -eu7 muyunguruzi byiciro bikoreshwa mubikorwa byo mu ndege compaction. Bagizwe n'ikadiri ikozwe mucyuma gakomeye, inyoga yo hanze, ndetse no mu mufuka mu kuyungurura ibikoresho, bigenwa ku curabunti idasanzwe. Ukurikije urwego rwo kwezwa, rurimo umubare munini wumufuka kandi ukozwe mubikoresho bitandukanye (polyester, fiberglass). Nk'uko by'impuguke zivuga ko ibicuruzwa bya fiberglass bigumana imitungo yabo mu rugereko rwose, ariko barabubahiriza vuba bayobowe n'ubushuhe.
Hamwe na gaze cyane yumwuka wo hanze (kurugero, umuhanda usanzwe uherereye hafi) nkurwego rwa kabiri rwo gukora isuku yindege hamwe na karubone ikora, ikuramo neza ibintu bya gaze ya chileus . Igisanzwe gisanzwe cyakozwe mugukoresha ubushyuhe bugera kuri 40 ° C na ugereranije n'ubushuhe kugeza kuri 70%. Byihuse gutakaza imitungo yayo mugihe ubushuhe, aho kuba amezi 6 yo gukora, birashobora kunanirwa, kandi hari ukuntu bikaba byiza bidashoboka.
Akayunguruzo k'amakara bifatwa nkibikoresho byo gukuramo monoblock hamwe nuburyo bwiyongera, mubisanzwe bifite ibikoresho byo muyunguruzi gusa, kubera ko imbaraga zabafana gusa zidahagije kugirango utsinde inzitizi yindege. Umuvuduko ntarengwa wumufana ugomba kuba byibuze 450 pa. Kutibavuga ko iyo muyungurura byanduye, byiyongera kugeza 200-400 P. Birumvikana ko bishoboka gukoresha ikipe "ishusho", ihitamo gusa ibintu bya sisitemu yubutegetsi hanyuma ugashyira ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose muyunguruzi, harimo na mashini, amakara, amakara na antibacterial. Ariko kwishyiriraho bikwiye kwegeranijwe kugiti cyawe bizahenze cyane kuruta ibipimo, byumwihariko, kubera gukenera gushakisha umufana hamwe nijwi ryijwi ryibikoresho bya monoblock (kugeza kuri 35 db). Bitabaye ibyo, 50-55 db yurusaku rwinshi, "abubahiriza" umufana usanzwe utagira ingano, ntazaruhukira cyangwa abaturanyi.
Ihitamo rirashimishije mugihe itangwa rya monoblock cyangwa kwishyiriraho ibikoresho bikoreshwa muyungurura ikoreshwa muguhuza hamwe nisura yo mu nzu iri munzu. Kwinjiza iki gikoresho birimo ubwoko bwose bwungurura, harimo no kwamamaza amakara. Twanditse ku bikoresho bisa birambuye muri N7 y'ikinyamakuru cyacu ku 2000. Byakozwe na Bioniair (Kanada), Ubuyapani), Delonghi (Ubuholamu (Ubuholandi) na ibindi biciro bihindagurika mumadorari 200-300.
Abakora ibikoresho nyamukuru byibikoresho byo guhumeka bikorera ku isoko ry'Uburusiya: Systemair (Suwede), Sloven), Ubuyapani), Ubudage), PM-Luft (Suwede), "moveni", "igipimo cya Kama-ikirere", "insanganyamatsiko", ": Uburusiya", n'ibindi.
Gukorera (gusukura umukungugu, kwoza cyangwa gusimbuza) muyunguruzi birakenewe muburyo bukomeye ukurikije amategeko nuburyo busabwa nuwabikoze. Gukuramo icyitegererezo cyo gutanga no gutanga no gutangaza no kwinezeza kugirango wige kubikenewe gusimbuza cyangwa gusukura akayunguruzo, urashobora kwerekana kuri panel. Menya ko abakora ibicuruzwa basaba gukoresha muyunguruzi gusa "Kavukire" gusa cyangwa bakorewe abakora kimwe kandi bikwiranye n'ibipimo, ikirere cyihariye ku gice cy'imbere n'ibindi biranga. Cyane muyungurura amakara bitemewe, birakenewe gusimbuza ko bibaye ngombwa rimwe mumezi 6 (hamwe nibihe byihutirwa byo kwiyongera byagenzuwe, bishobora gutakaza imikorere yabo). Urutonde rwibinyabuzima, bitewe n'ubwoko, birashobora kugutwara $ 10-60 kandi hejuru.
Kubara agaciro katanga kandi uhuza sisitemu ya sisitemu - gukoresha umwuka mwiza 500m3 / h, agace ka 130m2 (ukurikije isosiyete "Amajyepfo")
| Izina | Icyitegererezo | Igiciro, $ | Umubare wa | Amafaranga, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gutanga ishyirwaho ryuzuye ventilating hamwe nubushyuhe bwakira ubwoko bwa vam societe daikin | VAM 500 F. | 3300. | imwe | 3300. |
| Kugenzura kure | BRC301B61. | 230. | imwe | 230. |
| Adapt | KrP50-2 | 175. | imwe | 175. |
| Guhitamo Grille | IGC 200. | 32. | imwe | 32. |
| Reba Valve | VKK 200. | 98. | imwe | 98. |
| Akayunguruzo (EUZ) | FFR 200. | 169. | imwe | 169. |
| Umufana | KV 200 M. | 160. | imwe | 160. |
| Muffler | LDC-200-600 | 105. | imwe | 105. |
| Calorifer ya Cholorine, 4.8 KW | Cb-250-4.8. | 372. | imwe | 372. |
| Umwuka ushyushya ubushyuhe | Pulser. | 142. | imwe | 142. |
| Umwuka ushyushya ubushyuhe | TG-K330 | 46. | imwe | 46. |
| Grid yo hanze | VK 25. | 37. | imwe | 37. |
| Reba Valve | RSK 200. | makumyabiri | imwe | makumyabiri |
| Umuyoboro ufite insulation, M2 | - | 38. | 29. | 1102. |
| G100 | - | cumi n'icyenda | Bane | 76. |
| TALTTLE Valve Z160 | - | makumyabiri | imwe | makumyabiri |
| Guhumeka grille | Sag 100x300 | 23. | 2. | 46. |
| Guhumeka grille | Sag 100x500. | 37. | umunani | 296. |
| Guhumeka grille | Sag 100x400. | mirongo itatu | 2. | 60. |
| Perererat Grille | DG 500X250 | 76. | imwe | 76. |
| Umufana | Ext 711 D. | 95. | imwe | 95. |
| Adapter munsi ya grille | - | 42. | 6. | 252. |
| Ibikoresho byose kandi bikoreshwa | 7254. | |||
| Gucukura Diamond | 200. | |||
| Gushiraho no gutanga | 1838. | |||
| Byose | 9292. | |||
| Icyitonderwa. Gutanga isoko-kwishyiriraho ubushyuhe bwisahani kumuryango wicyumba cya kane (cyumwana wabana, icyumba cyo kuraramo, icyumba cyo kubaho nigikoni). Ibikoresho bishya byo mu kirere byubahiriza ibisabwa (kugirango ukomeze gushaka abantu mu nzu). Gukenera kuri buri mwanya, kimwe no koroshya gahunda byaganiriweho kugiti cyaganiriweho kugiti cye. |
Ibikoresho byateguwe ukoresheje ubushakashatsi nigishushanyo mbonera hamwe na resitora muri Moscou. Turashimira gu "Moscow Centre ya Hydrometeologiya no gukurikirana ibidukikije", gahunda ya federasiyo y'Abarusiya, Gup MosnPo ya Edton, muri Iteo "muri IEo" kugira ngo itegure gutegura ibintu.