Nigute wahitamo "Igikoza cyawe"? Ibiranga imikorere yicyitegererezo zitandukanye, gukoresha imbaraga no gukaraba.
Umwanya uhinduka wo hejuru muri "Ibiciro" bigufasha gushiraho ibintu binini hejuru
($ 600)
Ikirahure cya Spiral muri OpetoseSesor Urugi rwoga ibikoresho rwigana inkuta z'ikirahure unyuzemo igitambaro cyaciwe
Niba iguye hejuru ya spiral, hanyuma urumuri rwamavumbuwe kandi rwinshi kandi ikimenyetso cya Bosch kigera kuri fotocell ->
Umuntu wese azi ko gukaraba ibiryo ari igihe kandi atari umwuga ushimishije cyane. Ariko koza ibikoresho byo murigasi bitarahinduka mu Burusiya "umwe mu bagize umuryango" byuzuye, nk'uko byavuzwe, gukaraba. Hagati aho, abakora ku isi "ibikoresho" bitanga imirimo yo mu gihugu cyane kandi bashishikaye cyane, bambara amazina adahwitse, bahanganye n'ibisubizo bya tekiniki ... Uyu munsi tuzagerageza gusobanura bimwe muri byo.
Mbere ya byose, reka tugerageze kubaka ibikoresho byagurishijwe mu Burusiya, ku murongo, kurongora, kumanuka, uhereye kuri moderi yateye imbere cyane mubyiciro byubukungu. Iya mbere izaba ibikoresho byo kubikorwa na Gaggnau, Miele, AEG (Ubudage), ASO (Suwede (Suwede); Gukurikira Nimi-Aristton (Ubutaliyani), Bosch na Siemens (Ubudage), Electrolux (Suwede); Hanyuma, indestit, umuyaga, Zanani (Italy) kandi, amaherezo, aboneka kubaturage benshi bo mugihugu cyacu, bombo na ardo (Ubutaliyani). Iri gabanywa ntirisaba rigor, kuko ryerekana ibitekerezo byabakorewe ubwabo, kandi benshi mumasosiyete menshi yuburayi afite ibikoresho byo murugo amahitamo yose ashoboka yo gutunganya, kuva mubintu bigoye cyane bishoboka. Kurugero, "ibikoresho" byubukungu biva muri Electrolux Kurushanwa nigice gito na Whirlpool na Ariston, moderi za premium bagereranywa na siemens. Noneho, Bosch itanga ibice bitwaye bike hamwe na pallet ya Pali-ax (Polinox), ariko ntiyizigurisha mu Burusiya kubera ibindi bibanza mu gihugu cyacu.
Icyo wakorera umuguzi ukora isesengura rigoye ryibipimo byinshi ngerageza guhitamo "ibikoresho byo gukora ibikoresho"? Ntabwo ari ibanga, ibyo ashaka kugeraho biturutse ku kugura: amasaha yo gukaraba kandi yumye kandi yumye-yumye-yumye-yumye-yumye-yumye-yumye-yumye-yumye-yumye-yumye ku giciro gito (kubuzima bwose bwibikoresho). Kurugero, munzu aho gahunda yo gushyushya amashanyarazi yashyizweho, imashini imesa, ibikoresho bya videwo, uburyo bwo gucana amadolamu burambuye munsi yicyapa, kandi uburyo bworoshye bwo kwiyuhagira bwijimye mu bwiherero, igihe kirageze cyo kwita ku kuzigama ( Kuberako igiciro cyingufu kimaze gutangira gukura kandi ntutekereze kuri ibi ni nko ejo). Hazabaho Ecoleberi ya Ecoleberi (Ecolabel- EU), cyangwa ushikamye ku buryo bwo gukoresha ingufu, ku gihirahiro.
AAA!
Iyi ntabwo ari induru yo kurwana za Apashe, ariko sisitemu isanzwe itangizwa nabakozi bose b'iburayi bafite 1995. Bagerageje rero kugabanya ko abaguzi bakoresha ibikoresho byo murugo umurimo wo guhitamo. Kuri ecoleeble yibipimo byakozwe na 3 "ibidukikije": Icyiciro cyo gukoresha ingufu, icyiciro cyo gukaraba imodoka hamwe nicyiciro cyo kumisha. Inyuguti zongeweho, zerekana ko kunywa amazi hamwe numubare wa tableware avuza icyarimwe. Mubisanzwe sticker yerekana urwego nyarwo rwurusaku muri dba.Kuki ibyo bipimo bita ibidukikije? Nibyo, kubera ko bose bagaragaza ingaruka za "komeza" ku buzima bwa muntu (binyuze mu kwezwa kw'amasahani n'ibidukikije). Inyuma ya AAA cyangwa Aba inyuguti, zizwi muri iki gihe, hari ibizamini bikomeye. Uburyo bwibizamini kuri "ibikoresho byogurika" byose, nubwo hari ibintu biranga.
Iyo ugena Imbaraga zo gukoresha amashanyarazi Uyu wabikoze ahitamo bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo gukaraba, ku buryo akwiriye gupima ibiyobyabwenge. Nk'uburyo, iyi niyo koza bisanzwe ku bushyuhe bwa 50-55 ntabwo mbere yo koza. Umubare ntarengwa wibiryo urimo, ubarwa na mashini. Amasahani ashyizwe mu bitebo ukurikije gahunda yerekanwe mumabwiriza amabwiriza. Ku ndangagaciro zifatizo zo kunywa amashanyarazi, icyiciro cyo gukoresha ingufu kigenwa. Niba agaciro kaguye mu ntera cyasobanuwe ku cyiciro runaka, cyangwa ntikirenga imipaka irenze 10%, imashini zikitegererezo zahawe amasomo a, B cyangwa C. Kurugero, kugirango urwego rwimbaraga Imashini zose zigihe, 1.056-1,254 KW urwango uhabwa.% kuruhande runini (mugihe habaye urubyaro runini (mugihe rukuru rwishuri ruzamuka kuri fagitire 1.38). Niba agaciro kapimwe karenze urwego rwicyiciro cya 10-15%, 2 birinda byongeye kugeragezwa. Impuzandengo-Umubyeyi Ibipimo bitatu birashobora guhura murwego rwindangagaciro zemewe kandi imashini izatanga icyiciro. Niki muri ibi byose byerekana?
Ubwa mbere, igipimo kimwe gishobora guhita gihaza ibisabwa, naho icya kabiri nuwa gatatu bitamaze kubera ibisubizo byatsinze, kugwa ku mbibi zagenwe. Kuri Reba: Ubushakashatsi ubwo aribwo bwose bwerekana neza byibuze inshuro eshanu zigerageza. Hagati aho, ukurikije abakora ibikora, inzira y'ibintu bya tekiniki "ibikoresho bya tekiniki" ku bashushanya ingufu zikoresha ingufu zo gukoresha ingufu ntibyoroshye. Nkingingo, ntabwo itwara ikindi gisubirwamo nyuma. Kubwibyo, ntibishoboka ko igikoresho kizatsinda "inzitizi" kubwamahirwe.
Icya kabiri, uwabikoze arashobora kuva mu ntangiriro kugirango ahitemo gahunda yo kurohama mu bukungu, iyo umubare muto w'amashanyarazi ukoreshwa, nubwo utagerwaho no gukaraba cyane. Kurugero, igiciro cyiza-cyo gukaraba-Anderiribor cyabonye urwego rwo gukoresha ingufu. Ariko icyarimwe, umwanda wikizamini wogejwe rwose kandi washyizweho urwego rwo gukaraba. Rero, igicuruzwa kimwe gishobora kugenwa nka superecomic, ikindi nkubusumbabyo (kuramba, mugihe bazanye amahame yingufu kandi bakira amasomo, kandi icyumba cyo gufatwa no gukaraba no kumisha). Iyi nzira itora iratora ibigo bitunganijwe bitari ibirango bimwe. Byongeye kandi, iyo bipimishije Ecoleelebla yo mu Burayi, bagiye cyane cyane kuzamura ibyiciro by'ingufu, kuko ku Burayi, ikibazo cyo kuzigama ikiguzi gikaze kuruta, urugero, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru. Abakora ibihugu benshi b'Abanyaburayi batoranijwe kubizamini byubukungu (niba bishyirwa mubikorwa muri mashini) kuri 50-60 ° C, uburyo nyabwo bwerekanwa mubishaka nibisobanuro bya tekiniki byerekana icyitegererezo. Umuguzi agomba gusobanura ibi, bitabaye ibyo, mugihe ukoresheje izindi gahunda, imbaraga nyinshi n'amazi bizakoreshwa.
Muri rusange, hari ubuhanga 7 bwo gukoresha imbaraga DPG. Ntabwo ari kera cyane, ishuri ryarushijeho kuba "koza ibikoresho". Ibikoresho byashize, e, f, g (niba muri rusange muri kamere) bizwi ko bidafite ubukungu kandi bibujijwe gutanga umusaruro no gutumiza mu bihugu by'Umuryango w'ubu Burayi. Uku kubuza bifitanye isano no kugerageza ubukungu bwisi yose hamwe nimbogamizi zubukungu bwinyongera mugihe cya tekiniki, muri tekiniki yo muri tekiniki, muri tekiniki "itagerwaho".
Usibye kugabana rusange imbaraga zingufu, haracyariho amacakubiri akurikije gahunda yimodoka nubugari bwa cm 60, 45 hamwe. Ni uko imipaka ntoya yashizwemo ibikoresho bito. Kurugero, mwishuri, hamwe nubugari bwa 60cm, igipimo cyurupfu nticyarenze 1.05 kwh, nigikoresho gifite ubugari bwa 45cm, ntabwo kirenze 0.75 kwh. Byongeye kandi, indangagaciro z'amasomo ifite ubugari bwa 45cm (0.90-1.0.3 kwh) yashyizwe mu rwego rwuzuye mubyiciro byishuri 60cm ubugari bwa 60cm. Reka tugure imashini ntoya yicyiciro kimwe hamwe, uhita ubona kuzigama, kandi hafi yigenga wa porogaramu yatoranijwe.
Icyiciro cyo gukaraba amasahani . Kugirango umenye iyi parameter, ibipimo ngenderwaho bifatwa kandi kuri buri somo, ukurikije intego zacyo, ibiryo bisanzwe "byashyizwe ahagaragara: mince, spinaal, amata, icyayi n'ikawa. Ibikurikira, ibikoresho byose bishyirwa mumatako kandi amasaha abiri yumye ku bushyuhe bwa 80c. Igisubizo ni igikoni gikomeye kandi kirambye hejuru. Noneho gahunda imwe "ibikoresho" byatoranijwe, nkaho bigerageza gukora ingufu, kandi amasahani afite isuku. Nyuma yibyo, kuri buri ngingo, imikorere yo gukaraba ni kuva kuri0 kugeza kuri5 (5tanga ibyokurya bisukuye rwose). Igenwa nubunini bwibibanza hamwe nubuso bwumwanda. Igipimo cyigikoresho kibarwa nkikimenyetso gipima giciriritse (urugero, 4.01) kandi kigereranywa nuburyo (urugero, 2.85), bihuye na 40 yoza ibikoresho bya 40 biva muri miele. Itandukaniro ribarwa (1.16- rihuye n'ishuri) kandi rihabwa itsinda ryo gukaraba imodoka A> 1.12> B> 0.88> 0.76> Inzira yo Kwipimisha irarengana binyuze mu mategeko amwe Nkigihe ugena icyiciro cyingufu, ariko hamwe no kwihanganira guto (4-6%).
Hanyuma Index Dushka Bigenwa murwego rwo kuva kuri0 (ibitonyanga byinshi byamazi hejuru) kugeza kuri 2 (nta bitonyanga cyangwa akarere keza). Ibisubizo byumisha bibarwa nihame kimwe nibisubizo byo gukaraba.
Mugihe uyobora inyuguti kuri elalaeble hari urugamba rwo guhatana, kitari imyaka mirongo hamwe hamwe nitsinzi zitandukanye. Abaguzi bakekwa ko ari "ahantu runaka ushobora kumeneka, ariko ntabwo bizwi aho," ntibari bafite ishingiro rwose. Dore iherezo ryabasesenguzi ryabaye mu 2001. Ubushakashatsi bwaho mu mashami ya komisiyo y'iburayi mu gusubiramo ibipimo bya Euro-Countemodible ya Euro yakusanyirijwe hamwe: "Hariho ikibazo gisaba gutekerezwa na laboratoire gitandukanye gishobora kwerekana ibisubizo bitandukanye kuri imashini imwe. Ibi birashoboka urebye ko mugikorwa cyubushakashatsi, kwihanganira ibintu bireba bireba ibintu nkibihe bibi, ubushyuhe bwamazi kumutwe no guhoraho k'ubushyuhe muri Urugereko. Gutandukana no guhora byemewe birashobora kuganisha ku itandukaniro mu cyiciro kimwe (Aiseki na bibiri) Byongeye: Nta makosa yo ku musaruro atabimenyeshwa mu cyiciro kimwe. "Ariko Bikwiye kumenyekana ko benshi mu bigo bakurikiza udushya twabaturanyi ku isoko kandi, niba gushidikanya kwanduye, gukora iperereza ryigenga kandi bikagaburira urukiko vuba.
Intambara: Amasahani
Intambara kubantu batatu mubakora "ibikoresho" mubwinshi bwimanza ntabwo bikorwa hakoreshejwe amayeri yubutumwa, ahubwo ni tekiniki. Dore bimwe mu byerekezo nyamukuru by'iterambere muri kano karere:
- Kunoza ireme ryo gukaraba no kumisha hamwe no kurya kw'ingufu;
- Kunoza ibipimo by'isuku byo gukaraba no gukama;
- Ibikoresho by'umutekano bitangiranwa no gutanga amazi hose no kurangira hamwe n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ibuza abana kwinjira;
- Automation yuzuye, gukoresha sisitemu yunvikana hamwe no kugenzura ibitunganya inkunga ishyigikira gahunda zigoye zo guhitamo uburyo bwigice;
- Urusaku rwinjira.
Kandi ibintu byinshi byo mu iterambere:
- Ubwiyongere bw'icyumba cyo gukaraba buhindura imiterere yo koza ibikoresho;
- Kumenyekanisha ibikoresho byo gupakira neza igice bikwemerera gukoresha imashini, kurugero, mugihe wuzuza igitebo cyo hejuru;
- Nkigisubizo, isura yo gutondekanya hamwe nibiseke byahinduwe, yemerera gushyira ibyombo binini hejuru;
- Guteza imbere igishushanyo gishya.
Gukaraba
Nkibisanzwe, amasahani yanduye avunaguruka ntabwo ari indege zikomeye zamazi, ariko imitwe ikorwa no kuzunguruka abahinzi-rockers. Kubera ibisubizo byiza, gukaraba ni ngombwa cyane ko imodoka idafite ibyo bita "zone zapfuye", aho indege zihuriweho "zisenyutse", kandi igisubizo cya deterstion ", kandi igisubizo cya detergent cyaguye ahantu hanini cyane. Kubwibyo, abakora benshi bakoresha ibishishwa bya plastike aho ibyobo bito (nozzles) byakozwe, kuko ari gito umwobo, "ingingo" izinjira mu mpande zombi. Noneho electroldol na aeg. Bosch na siemens, hiyongereye, bikoreshwa mubikoresho byose bya plastike rockers. Nozzles ishyirwa muburyo indege zamazi zitambuka kandi ntukambuke "ntazimya". Kubwibyo, amazi agwa mu mfuruka yubuntu no ku cyumba cyose cyurugereko rwo gukaraba. Abashinzwe injeniyeri zaje. Bashyizeho speed speel sprayer ku gitambaro kizunguruka. Byashobokaga rero kugera ku mihanda igoye y'amazi, komeza. Abashimunyi bo hasi bafite umwobo kuruhande rumwe nimbaraga, inyereza zacyo zihora zogejwe nuyunguruzi. Iyo usesenguye sisitemu yo gutera amazi, ibipimo byingenzi numubare wicyerekezo. Inzira nyinshi, ibyiza. Kurugero, Anguzanyo Hasi7, Elecrolux, Bosch, umuyaga na siemens- 5.Ubundi buryo bwo kunoza ireme ryo gukaraba rishingiye ku mpinduka zifatizo mu gitutu cyamazi cyatanzwe muri rocker. Ibi biterwa no gukoresha moteri yihuta ebyiri muri pompe itanga: Munsi yumuvuduko udakomeye wigitutu, kandi amaherezo wogejwe. Igisubizo nk'iki gishyirwa mu bikorwa muri Aeg, Elecrolux, Ariston, ipfunyika, imashini za bombo. Kuramo moderi ya bombo (kurugero, CD798Smart) Gutunganya amagambo nka (byagenwe) bihujwe no gushyushya amazi kugeza 70c, bigufasha gukuraho umwanda uhanganye.
Mu mashini ya ariston ifite imikorere yo gukaraba bombi, amazi akwirakwizwa ku nzego ebyiri muburyo butandukanye: ku gikoko cyo hejuru gitandukanye (gukaraba), hejuru ya node, hejuru (gukaraba, etacepan, nibindi). Ibi bituma bishoboka icyarimwe koza ibintu byoroshye kandi byanduye cyane. Ihangane za Siemens affents tekinoroji igufasha kugabanya ibiyobyabwenge mugihe ukomeje igitutu. Binyuze muri valize, amazi yongeye kugabura hejuru, hanyuma kurwego rwo hasi. Mugihe uhagaze hejuru ya rocker hamwe no kwibanda bigira ingaruka kumasahani, habaho gukaraba cyane munsi yigitutu. Noneho ibiseke "bihindura ahantu", kandi igitutu kigaragara hejuru.
Gukanda
Munsi yintambwe eshatu cyangwa enye zometseho ibikoresho byoza ibikoresho, abakora bose basobanukiwe na fiziki ziherereye munsi yurugereko rwo gukaraba. Bapfukirana uruzitiro, ruvuga amazi kugirango ruhure (dutakaza umusimbura) cyangwa gusubira kuri rocker. Akayunguruzo ka imashini mubihe byinshi biherereye kimwe. Bigizwe na gride ntoya ifite 10-30% yubuso bwa pallet, ibirahure kimwe cyangwa bibiri hamwe na kalimbi zitandukanye za selile na line ya plastike hamwe nimyobo ginini. Imyanda nini iratinda mumurongo wambere hanyuma ikagwa mubiti bita ibirahuri bya kabiri n'iya gatatu no kuri gride, ikora nk'akatoyi. Muri "ibikoresho byahanagurika" hamwe no muyunguruzi (Bosch, Miele, Siemens, Arurlpool, bombo, bombo yoroheje y'ibiribwa bikomoka ku mazi ava mu bashitsi. Icumbi ryavuyemo rihora ryubazwa kandi rikaba risaba inyongera gusa mugihe habaye imyanda ikomeye (ubwoko bwa karitsiye cyangwa amagufwa) muri bo, mubihe byinshi bivamo mbere yo gushyiraho amasahani mu gitebo. Gukoresha muyunguruzi bisa bituma bishoboka kugabanya amazi yose no kuzigama amashanyarazi, ashyuha, kubera gutunganya amazi ashyushye.
Kugirango utegure akayunguruzo no kunoza isuku yurugereko rwo gukaraba, abakora (Bosch, Siemens, Bramemens) byongera agace ka gride yo hejuru, yongera ahantu h'ingirakamaro ku manza. Abandi (urugero, AMO) Kora umwobo udasanzwe muri gride ubwayo, wirinda ko umwanda uri munsi yacyo nkibisubizo bidahagarara. Whirlpool ishyiraho igikoresho kidasanzwe cya elegitoroniki cyihariye, kuri plum spended yohereje impagarara kumazi yakusanyirijwe munsi yurugereko rwo gukaraba. Izi myambarire irema umuhengeri uzamura kandi wimuke umwanda wose ukandagira hepfo ukamutwara kumurongo.
Hagati aho, abakora batizeye uburyo bwo kuyungurura ubushobozi bwo kwirwanaho cyangwa kudatanga kuhira kuri rocker yo hepfo, byanze bikunze byerekana amabwiriza ku muyunguruzo (ibikoresho kuri ibi bifatika . Batiter y'ikigo nk'izo irimo AEG, ARTO, Electrolux, Zanussi, n'ibindi.
Sensor ku izamu
Sensor "Ecolesor" (Miele), Aqua-sensor (Bosch, Siemens), ASGONS) ya sisitemu yoroheje (Aristton, sisitemu ya Assorses yashizwe kumurongo wo gukora ibikoresho. Yashizweho kugirango umenye aho amazi nyuma yo kwoza no mugihe cyo gukora imashini. Kohereza ikimenyetso kumugenzuzi, ugereranya gusoma hamwe nindangagaciro zemewe cyane zashyizwe muri gahunda yo gufata ibikoresho. Ukurikije aya makuru, imodoka mugice cya mbere cya porogaramu ihitamo niba yatangiza amazi meza cyangwa gukomeza gukaraba amasahani muri Kera.Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati ya sensor rigizwe nubwenge bwabo ntabwo ari ibyondo, ahubwo no ku mazi ashushanyije. Aqua-sensorii yashizwemo muburyo buhenze cyane hamwe nisoko yinyongera yicyatsi kibisi, hamwe nicyizere gikomeye cyo kwizerwa hagati yumwaka. Uyu mwaka, Miele na we yagaragaye igisekuru cya kabiri cya Essomesi "Ekosenseri
Mu ruhererekane ruheruka, Bosch, abatoranijwe na siemens, ibikoresho byagaragaye, icyarimwe no kugena amazi atuje bisuzuma umubare w'amasaha mu cyumba. Bikorwa muburyo bubiri butandukanye, ahubwo ni ihame rimwe. Ihame ni ibi bikurikira: Ibiryo byinshi, umubare munini wibitonyanga ntibizagera munsi yurugereko rwamejwe namazi make mubijyanye na sisitemu yo gutanga amazi izasubira muri sisitemu yo kwisubiraho. Ubosch na siemens bashizwemo "induru izunguruka kuri pompe", igena ingano yikirahure hamwe nimpelle y'amazi na wipeller ya pompe. Umunywanyi yakoresheje uburyo bwo gupima igitutu cyinkingi y'amazi hejuru yimbitse, aho pompe iherereye.
Biragoye kuvuga tekinike isobanutse neza. Ariko urebye, ni uguhuza amazi, ni ukuvuga kuragura hamwe nudubushye, ikintu gihinduka kandi biterwa nubwoko bwimiterere (laminari cyangwa imivurungano). Uruhande rukomeye, ingano y'amazi muri pallet ni uguhindura agaciro, kandi guhagarikwa birasabwa gupima, kandi igihe gikenewe kandi gihagije kandi gihagije kandi gihagije kandi gihagije kiragoye kugena mbere. Umugenzuzi amaze kwakira amakuru ugereranije ku mubare w'amasahani n'induru nyuma yo koza mbere, bifata icyemezo cyo guhitamo gahunda, gisanzwe cyangwa ubukungu cyangwa ubukungu cyangwa ubukungu. Itose kandi igizwe nimvugo zubwenge "ibikoresho byogurika" bigezweho, biguhitamo byose kuri wewe.
Kimwe cya kabiri cyo gupakira, imbata
Ibikoresho bihendutse ntabwo bifite ibikoresho nkibi, nubwo baha umukoresha guhitamo. Ukurikije umwanda numubare wamasaha yo kuguhitamo "kubanza" utarimo ubushyuhe no guteza imbere ahantu hamwe wanduye cyane, nyuma igikoresho kizasohoka kuri kimwe mubyiza byatoranijwe. Gutega amatwi amasaha make ibikoresho byinshi bivuye mumirongo yicyitegererezo cyamasosiyete yose ashyigikira igice-cyo gupakira. Noneho amashanyarazi n'amazi akoreshwa gusa muri rocker yo hejuru (uburyo bwo gukuramo; niba hari sisitemu yo kurwanywa igitutu kuva hejuru kandi inyuma, rocker yo hepfo ntabwo ihagaritswe). Kugira ngo akire amasaha make n'ibisasu hejuru yurugereko rwo gukaraba, birateganijwe kugabanya igitebo cyo hejuru kuri 5cm.
Ubushyuhe
Mbere, agasanduku katomiwe muri iyo moderi, aho ikintu cyo gushyushya cyakoreshejwe saa kumi, ntibyari bihari. Ibi biterwa nuko hamwe numwanya ufunguye wubushyuhe, uhereye ku cyumba cyo gukaraba hari igitonyanga cy'ubushyuhe muri zone yo hepfo, ku rubibi rw'akaga gakonje n'amazi ashyushye. Ibikoresho byoroheje biva mu kirahure cyangwa porcelain, bidafite aho bitandukanya, byashyizwe mu gitebo cyo hejuru, uko bishoboka ko kurengana kwa Tannes, kandi birashoboka ko bishoboka ko byari bimaze no kwemerwa.Muri iki gihe, amasosiyete menshi yakuyeho igiteranyo gifite imiterere isa n'umusaruro maze atangira gushyiraho imashini yitwa gushyushya. Ahagarariye iki? Icumi, ryashyizwe munsi yurugereko rwo gukaraba mukibuga cyuruzitiro rwamazi. Amazi arashyutswe mugihe ikiruhuko cyinjijwe hasi, mbere yo kunyura pompe, kandi ntabwo ifite itaziguye nubuso bushyushye. Bihindura ubwoko bushyushya. Iyi gahunda nkiyi ni ubukungu ugereranije no gufungura kumugaragaro, kubera ko ubushyuhe bwimurirwa kumazi make kandi ahita asohora muri sisitemu yo gutunganya nozzle, kugirango ingufu zitakoreshwa mugutangazwa. Ariko niba kare gushyushya gufungura byatumye bishoboka gukama vuba amasahani, ntabwo ari caustav, noneho umuvuduko usaba ibisubizo byihariye bya tekiniki. Kubyerekeye ubutaha.
Gukomera
Ntabwo ari ibanga ryamazi ya moscou, akarere ka Moscou hamwe nundi turere twinshi two muburusiya birakomeye. Kugabanyamo, hariho igikoresho cyihariye kuri ion nongengenger, aho ca2 + na mg2 ion basimbuwe + na + ion. Twanditse kubyerekeye ihame ryibikorwa bya ion-guhanura mu kiganiro "hafi yumukarayi").
Amasahani yikirahure cyane yunvikana cyane kuri iki kimenyetso, aho gukomera kuva 2 kugeza 5 mg. / L ni byiza. Ku ndangagaciro nini, urumuri rwijimye rugaragara, kandi ibikoresho birimo kuba bidakora neza, kubagabanuka kwa CA na MG ions kuva mu kirahure ubwabyo biratangira. Igihe kirenze, ibi bigaragarira muburyo bwo gushushanya nibicu hejuru yisahani.
Na kamere ya tekiniki, intungura ihanahana ntabwo ishoboye guhindura ikarito. Ni reaction yimiti idashobora kugenzurwa. Igikoresho cyoroshya amazi uko bishoboka, kandi umubare runaka wa ontwose wasimbuye. Imikorere ya ion -ngar ishyirwaho no kubara igihe ntarengwa cyamazi kugirango ibipimo byiza bigaragare kubisohoka. Niba ubanza amazi mu mazi aroroshye, noneho ingaruka zacyo zirarenze kandi kubisohoka tuzabona ubushishozi buke bwa SA na MG Ions. Niki kizaganisha ku ruhushya rw'ikirahure.
Mbere, gukomera kw'amazi bigwa mu Rugereko ntibyaguzweho. Umukoresha yemerewe gusa gushinga ion Crageneration ukwezi kwa regeneration bitewe nuburinganire buzwi. Hifashishijwe kwerekana imikoranire, amacakubiri ku gipimo cya Rwirindwa cyerekanwe mubintu bibi cyane. Kandi mugihe runaka, nubwo kuvugurura hakenewe kuvuka cyangwa bidakenewe, byakozwe. Umunyu wakoreshejwe, gukomera kwamazi ntabwo byagenzuwe muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose. Uyu munsi, icyiciro cya premium cyumurongo wa Bosch, Siemens, Miele yagaragaye. Barashobora kugenzura inzira yo kuvugurura ibisigaye kandi bukaba buntu butaziguye gukomera biri mu cyumba cyo gukaraba. Kuki utaziguye? Kuberako ishingiro ryuburyo ni bwo burote bworoshye, umubare muto wamazi adashobora gukuramo umuyoboro wamazi uvanze.
Sensor akora ate? Abashakashatsi bo muri Bosic bakoze gahunda yo kumenya ibikubiye mu mazi. Amasahani asimbuye agapira muri laboratoire yashyizwe kumuryango wimashini. Umugongo usimbutse igiti cya infrafnt. Niba nta muhengeri ufite igipimo ku kirahure, urumuri rwa beam nta gihombo kandi gufotora rutahura ubukana ntarengwa. Niba hari urusaku rwikigo, hamwe na buri kiganiro, igice cyumucyo cyatakaye kubera gutatanya kandi gufotora biza mumucyo ukabije. Noneho, kumutwaro ukurikira, sisitemu yohereje umunyu uvuguruye muri ion. Ibipimo bikorwa nyuma ya buri cyiciro cyo gukaraba. Bitewe no gutekereza cyane ku kibero mukiruhuko, ukuri guhinduka kurenza inshuro nyinshi kurenza uko bitandukanya ijisho ryumuntu usuzuma ibirahuri kuri Lumeni. Iyo gushiraho igipimo gishingiye, imashini itangira kumwanya wa Rinse irenze kugaburira amazi akomeye hamwe nigipimo mubipimo bishyuha bihagarara bihagarara.
Mu bikoresho bya miele, sensor isobanura imikorere yimbere. Iki kimenyetso impinduka mugihe calcium na magnesium ion basimbuza sodium ions. Iyo ugeze ku bigo, sisitemu itanga itegeko ryo kuvugurura. Byongeye kandi, "ubwonko" bwimashini bushobora kugereranya igipimo cyo kuzungura ion. Umuvuduko mwinshi bivuze ko amazi akomeye bityo, ntazashobora guhinduka. Umuvuduko muto werekana ko amazi ku muryango adakomeye, bityo, nyuma yo kunyura kuri partener, bizakomeza rwose kuba calcium na magnesium. Muri uru rubanza, umubare munini w'amazi wo mu muyoboro w'amazi wongeyeho mu Rugereko. Nkuko mubibona, uburyo butandukanye butanga, mubyukuri ibisubizo bimwe.
Tuzabwira ibindi bisubizo bya tekiniki byose bigaragazwa muri ba injeniyeri b'umubiri wamasosiyete yo gukora ibikoresho, ubutaha. Bizaba nko gukama amasahani, kuri sisitemu irinda kumeneka, kubyerekeye urusaku rwinjira hamwe ningendo nshya muburyo bwo koza ibikoresho.