Shakisha igisubizo cyiza muguhitamo ibikoresho byigisenge rimwe na rimwe biragoye cyane. Aho gutangirira he? Nigute wakwirinda amakosa? Kuki "kurira" igisenge?
pee kuva mumazi abiri- phenomenon ntabwo yashimishije
Ubushuhe bw'igitsina
Iyi ni ingufu mu rugo.
Anatoly Krivtsov, umwubatsi
Manda itatu yatanzwe mu mutwe akenshi ifatwa nk'amazina atandukanye. Ni ubuhe buryo butandukaniyeho, ariko bufitanye isano cyane. Fasha abasomyi bumva ishingiro ryikibazo kandi wirinde amakosa mugihe uhisemo ibikoresho byo gukora amakosa yinzu yibisenge bishobora gutera amakosa yo gusamba, umurimo watangajwe.
Igice I.
Ibikoresho byo gusakara
Hamwe nigihe cyizuba, umuntu wese wubaka cyangwa gusana inzu yigihugu, byanze bikunze ahura nikibazo: Nigute Gukora Igisenge Cyane kandi icyarimwe, nuko Ubwubatsi butangiza, nabaturanyi ba Akhali. Ntakibazo kiri mu Burusiya ubu mu Burusiya. Gutumiza icyo ari cyo cyose - uzazana kandi ushira. Ibyo ni ugusanga igisubizo cyiza rimwe na rimwe biragoye cyane. Bimwe mu bikoresho byo gusakara muri buri mububiko bigera ku bwoko bwa cumi. Hano reka tuganire kubijyanye no gutandukana hagati yabo.Niba ufashe ijambo kugirango ushyire hejuru ibisenge ukurikije ubwoko bwikirere, urashobora guhitamo umuzingo, ibibabi hamwe (uhereye kubintu bito) byo kwifuza.
Ibisenge
Ibisenge bizunguruka bikozwe mubikoresho bya bitumen na bitumen-polymeric bishimangira ishingiro (synthique, ikarito, kuva kuri cholester yirabura cyangwa elastomeric ibikoresho bya firime). Nigute bidashobora kwibuka ibitekerezo bizwi byerekana imizi-bitumen ifatanye nikarito! Ariko ibi ni ejo, cyane ibikoresho byinshi bimenyerewe byibibazo: Kurwanya ubukonje buke nubushyuhe, guhura no kubora, kwangirika no kwangirika, kwangirika kwimirasire y'imirasire y'izuba.
Niba uhisemo kurinda inyubako mbi (cyane cyane hamwe nigisenge bisekeje), isuka, garage cyangwa kuvugurura ibitsina, byumvikana kugura ibikoresho bya polymer bigezweho byasimbuye rubburoid. Igitabo cyakoreshejwe cyane nubwoko bwabo butandukanye: bitumen-polymer, polymer na mastic roll roll. Umuntu wese aruta reberoid haba kubiciro nubuzima bwumurimo. Kuri rubberoid roll (115m) yikirango cya RPP-300, wishyura amadorari 4, hamwe na bitumen-polymer-polymer-izerekeza $ 20-40. Ariko bakorera kuva kumyaka 15 kugeza kuri 20, kandi igisenge cyongeye gukomera muri kimwe cya kabiri nigice zihendutse, kuko utagomba kubyara igihe cyo kubyara igisenge, wishyure buri gihe igisenge, wishyure igisenge, wishyure rubberoid nshya hanyuma ukore kubishyirwaho.
Ibisenge bizunguruka biva muri bitumen na polymers biri kumutima bitakemuwe polyester, fiberglass cyangwa umupira wamaguru. Hiyongereyeho abakoresha Polymer kuri Binder (bitumen) itanga ubushyuhe bwasobanuwe nubukonje bushingiye ku bikoresho bihuje, bibuza gushiraho ibice bityo, byongera kuramba byo kwipfukirira. Nko gushingiyeho, Noheri ya Noheri ni amahitamo ahendutse. Ninkaho ikarito, ni yoroshye, bityo ibikoresho bishingiye kuri byo nibyiza gukurikizwa nkurwego. Polyester na fiberglass inshuro 1.5-2 kuruta gukonja ibirahure kuruta kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi yibikoresho no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangiza igisenge mugihe cyo gukora. Ikaramu zuzuza uburyo bwo kugenda hejuru ya beto, ibyuma cyangwa bifatanye na mastic.
Bikrost, ibisenge bya Abuminius bigabanijwemo ibikoresho bigabanijwe kuva kuri bitumen ("inzige", kandi mubyukuri bitumen-polymer ("ipoplast"). Niba abandi bagumana guhinduka bihagije ku bushyuhe bwa 15-25 ° C, barwanya ubushyuhe bwa 100-150 kandi barwanya imirasire ya ultraviolet. Ibikoresho byose bya bitumen bigezweho bifite ubunini buhagije (kuva3mm), bituma bishoboka kugabanya cyane umubare wibisenge cyangwa itapi yubusa nta gihombo cyose mukwiringirwa no kuramba.
"Lour" na "Bikrost" ni ibikoresho bikomeye bifite ubunini byibuze 3mm, ifiriti yazo akorera imyaka 7-9. Birakwiriye neza igice cyo hasi cyinzu hejuru yigisenge no gutanga amazi (wabitse igice cyamazi kuri 52mm). "Bikroplast" na "isoplast" bihenze cyane. Ariko ibi birarangiye ibintu bya polymeric yatugumaho, ipfundo izakora imyaka 15-20 mubihe byose. TEBONIKOLT-Polymer muri Rolls CM ubugari bwa 70-100 ndetse no kuva kuri 7 kugeza kuri 20. " Liimialra na pintaultra) na katepal (ibisenge bya tupla).
Ibisenge byoroshye
Munsi yigitekerezo cya "Igisenge cyoroshye" Hano hari bitumen byoroshye (byitwa no gusakara amabati cyangwa shitingi). Nibice bito (ibipimo byabo bisanzwe - hafi 10034cm) hamwe namababi ashushanyije cyangwa ibibabi kuruhande rumwe. Amababi arashobora kugira ubwoko bwa hexagon isanzwe cyangwa ndende, pentagons na rectles, "umunzani wamafi", nibindiGuhinduka tile bisa neza hejuru yinzu yubwubatsi ubwo aribwo bwose. Inyungu nyamukuru yacyo nuko ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa hejuru yinzu ya dogere zitandukanye zuzuye zidasanzwe, imiterere niboneza, hejuru yintangarugero, igisenge cya busa, gitanga hafi cyane. Nibikoresho byoroheje kandi bihendutse ($ 7-8 kuri 1M2). Ku gisenge22 ibisenge bimara hafi 7Libisobanuro, misa yacyo 18.5 kugeza 11kg.
Igitugu gitugu gifite imiterere-yo murwego rwinshi. Ishingiro ryabanjirijwe natumen ikirahuri cyahinduwe (birinda uburyo bwo guhindura, ari ngombwa cyane kubikoresho byerekanwe numugereka muremure). DDVU impande za DDVU zirimo bitumen cyangwa okiside yatumen. Ibuye ryamabara cyangwa imiyoboro ya minerval irakoreshwa kuva hejuru, kandi munsi yumucanga wa silicon. Kunyanya kwemerera "ibara" kuruhande rwimbere ya tile mumabara atandukanye, ariko nanone kwagura ibikoresho byo kurwanya ikirere mukurya imvura, urubura, nibindi.
Amabati akoreshwa mu ndege yo hepfo ya buri gice (truncation). Imiterere irashoboka mugihe 100% yubuso bwo hasi butwikiriwe na kole, bityomeza neza igisenge cyuzuye, kandi uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho buraboroga. Ariko rimwe na rimwe urwego rufatika rufite 60% yubuso (urugero, mumabati yo hejuru kuva Katepal na Tegola). Ku gihingwa, urwego nk'urwo rurinzwe na firime idasanzwe ya silicone, ikurwaho ako kanya mbere yo gukurura tile mu mwanya. Ku nyuma y'ikirango, ubuso bukomeye bukwirakwira hejuru y'inzu hejuru, kandi munsi y'izuba rishyuha, kandi rifite ubushyuhe rwose, rikora uburakari rwose, hafi y'imyenda ya monolithique, hafi ya monolithique, hihishe ingingo z'imirongo na hts yo kuzamura imisumari. Igipfukisho nk'iki ntibihatira umuyaga!
Bitandukanye n'ibisenge byinshi, yoroshye ya bituminius itunganijwe neza cyane ku munsi wizuba (bitumen yoroheje iri muri 110-120C). Kubwibyo, impungenge zitangira kuzuza, nta mpamvu. Byongeye kandi, igisenge cyoroshye gifite imishinga mike yubushyuhe, kugirango kubura urubura-urubura avalanche mugihe gushyushya igisenge cyisoko ryemewe. Igisenge kiroroshye cyane gusana, ni bikwiye gusa gukata ahantu wangiritse kandi ugahambira ibikoresho bishya. Hanyuma, uburebure bwa birusi ni urusaku rwinshi ruvuka, kurugero, kuva imvura cyangwa urubura.
Impuzandengo (byemejwe n'ingwate yanditse y'abakora) ubuzima bwa serivisi bwa tiles ni imyaka 15. Ariko iyo yubahirije ikoranabuhanga ryo kwishyiriraho, igisenge kizabera igihe kirenze imyaka 30-50. Tegola (Ubutaliyani), Igihanga, Lemminainainen (Finlande), Iko (Ububiligi), Gaf, Celotex, hashyizweho (Amerika) Tile. Igisenge cyoroshye cyakorewe mu Burusiya, Ikarita ya Ryazan hamwe na rubroid igihingwa na sosiyete ya Moscou Tekzoniyol.
Imiterere no gushushanya amabati ya bituminitse ryabakora bakomeye ni zitandukanye. Umubare w'amabara n'igicucu ubarwa na minikoni (tegola zirenga magana abiri). Tile ubwayo ikorerwa amababi yabo yimitsi yigana igiti, slate cyangwa ibumba rishaje. Hariho ibisubizo byumwimerere. Rero, turakoze kuvanga granules yumukara na barangi, gushira kumurongo wo hejuru wibibabi byashizweho. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ipfundo ryashyizwe mu bikorwa bitera uburyo bwiza bwo kwandura igisenge hejuru yinzu, kandi inyubako yose itanga isura nziza kandi yubahwa. Amabati nkaya akozwe na katepal (moderi Katrilly na Jazzy, $ 8-10 kuri 1M2) na Tegola (gukusanya Mosaik, $ 8-9 kuri 1M2).
Ariko, mububiko urashobora kubona amahitamo ashimishije. Vuga, washyizeho umuringa (isuku99.7%) ihanga muri Tegola (icyegeranyo cy'iposita, "Prestige Compact"). " Ibi bikoresho bizafasha benshi amaherezo bitwara inzozi nziza - kubaka inzu ifite "igisenge cy'umuringa". Byongeye kandi, "kwigana" mugihe nikigera gikubiyemo inenge nziza ya Pataina-ibiranga Patina - itanga igisenge cyukuri (nkuko inzira, Patina nayo irinda ibyuma bivuye mu kirere no kwanduza).
Isahani ya Copepper yumuringa "Prestige Elite" igizwe na 8floev yibikoresho bitandukanye: fibberv yibikoresho bitandukanye: ibihome bya bitumen, isahani yumuringa, isahani yumuringa, firime ya plastike. Ubunini bwose - 5mm. Umuringa wunamye kuruhande rwibibabi kugirango uburinzi bwuzuye bwo kurinda urugero rwingaruka ziterwa nikirere cyikirere. Kuri 1m2, igisenge gifite hafi 704cm mubunini buriwese kubiciro bya 1m2 ibikoresho $ 16.9.
Tile yoroshye yashyizwe hejuru yinzu ifite kubogama kuva 12. kugirango ishyireho, ni ngombwa gutegura witonze. Imiterere iteganijwe kugirango igorofa ikomeye. Kuriyo, urashobora gukoresha chipboard (osb-3 Ikirango), Impano Zibigenewe cyangwa Amazi ya Plywoom (nibyiza) hamwe nubushuhe burenze 20% yuburemere bwumye. Iyo igisenge gibogamye muri 11-18 mukarere kacyo, itapi yatonze ishingiye ku kasho yikirahure yatewe na bitumen hamwe ninyongera ya reberi ya synthique. Amasoko yinyongera nayo yatanzwe. ITARIKI zitangwa mubunini bwa cm igera kuri 15m na 100. Niba impengamiro yinzu iruta imyaka 18, itapi yometse ku isi hose hejuru yinzu no ahantu hapakiye cyane (na skate ya ice, eva, ahantu havugwa imiyoboro n'inkuta). Ohons yimbere yinzu yiyongereye kandi yiyongera amazi yitwa itapi yo hejuru (biza muri rolls 100.7 m).
Usibye kuri tapi yatonze, kwishyiriraho amabati yoroshye bisaba kuba hari ibibazo: amabati ya skate, amabati, inyongeramuco, amaherezo, amasoko yimbere na cornice ibintu byimbere. Ntabwo hazaba imisumari yo hejuru (gakona cyangwa gakona) na kole kugirango uhuze impande zometseho amabati imbere wenyine no kumeneka kuri tapi.
Ni ngombwa cyane ko amabati yoroshye ashobora gushingwa nonyine. Ntabwo ari ngombwa kuba umunyamwuga ukurikirwa namabwiriza yo kwishyiriraho. Birumvikana ko igishushanyo mbonera kizafungwa hamwe nigitaka gikomeye, ariko tile yoroshye ntiyorohewe: hafi ya trim iyo ari yo yose irashobora gukoreshwa ahantu hamwe. Nihendutse kuruta kwishyura inshuro 15-25% byimyanda (vuga, icyuma cya tile) hejuru yinzu. Igisenge cya AESLEY gifite ifishi igoye, ingano yimyanda yiyongera vuba. Igiciro cyo gutwika amabati yoroshye iratandukanye $ 5 kugeza $ 8 kuri 1m2 (ukurikije ibintu bigoye). Nsubije igikoresho cya sisitemu ya stany- $ 6-8 murutonde.
Urupapuro
Reka dutangire hamwe nurupapuro rusanzwe kandi ruzwi cyane asibesitos-sima, cyangwa, nkuko bakunze kwita, slate. Ikibabi gisanzwe cya slate cyatsinzwe gifite ubunini bwa 1200700mm, uburebure bwa corrugated-28mm. Noneho urashobora kandi kugura slate ya medium (uburebure bwa corrugation 40mm) numwirondoro (51mm). Ingano yimpapuro ziva 1750980mm kugeza 25001150mm. Igishimishije cyakozwe na sosiyete "Umwubatsi utukura" (G.Voskresk) plate "mushya", yapakiwe na polymer foresmer Phosphate (hafi $ 4 kurupapuro 17501130Nimmm). Hanze, biratandukanye cyane kubijyanye na grave gakondo kandi itanga amazu isura nziza cyane.
Koranye na plate biroroshye cyane. Mugihe ushyiraho hejuru yinzu, birasabwa gukora umurongo wa pergamine cyangwa rubberoid. Impapuro zishyirwa kuri ubwanwa kandi zifatanije nimisumari hamwe na gasket ya elastike.
Uyu munsi urashobora kumva ijambo "ubwumvikane". Nk'uburyo, ibi byitwa gushya kubikoresho byisoko ryibitabo byigenga - Impapuro zamabati zisobanutse, zirasa rwose nicy zimenyereye abaguzi b'Uburusiya. Nukuri, uburyo bwo guhuza kandi bugarukira. Eurosholer ni yoroheje kandi rero rero ibikoresho byamababi yemerera demaf hamwe na fibre fibre cyangwa fiberglass fibre cyangwa iterwa na bitumen cyangwa reberi-poly-polymers. Impapuro zirashobora kunanwa hamwe, zigufasha kuzenguruka hejuru hejuru hamwe na radiyo ya curvature kuva 5m. "Eurosholer" ntabwo ibora, ntabwo ari corode kandi ihangane nibihe bikozwe na serivisi mbi, harimo umutwaro wa shelegi kugeza kuri 300 kg kuri 100. Biroroshye rero, kubwibyo, ntibikeneye sisitemu ikomeye ya rafter hamwe nibyago bikomeye. Ni ukuvuga, birashoboka gukiza cyane kubiciro byinteko no kubaka ibikoresho.
Sisitemu yo hejuru ukoresheje "Eretor" ikubiyemo skats ikozwe mubintu bimwe byimpapuro; iherezo ryambukiranya; imisumari hamwe no kubasha cyangwa imigozi; endranda; Skate n'amahwa (kubirambika impande zombi) ibintu; Imiyoboro.
Icyamamare cyane mu Burusiya gifite ibibabi bitumen fibrous conasiyete y'Abafaransa Oculine. Ariko hariho abandi batanga isoko: Gutta werke hamwe na aqualine yambaye amaguru (Ubusuwisi), Nuline Corporation (USA).
Gukunda Onduline (urutonde rwa 20009550mm) bikozwe no kuzuza fibre ya selile hamwe na biturumen bakuru ku bushyuhe bwinshi nibipimo byimiti. Usibye ibyo bintu, gukora filler yuzuzanya, hakoreshwa imigati ya minisiteri. "Amabara yo kurwana" atanga amabara atandatu. Igiciro - kuva $ 9 kugeza $ 10 kurupapuro. Kuborohereza ibikoresho (gutumanya3kg / M2) bigufasha kubiryama cyangwa gusana ibisenge. Birahagije gushiraho isanduku nshya no kuyishyira kuri. Gukora igisenge cyigisenge cyigisenge, impapuro za onduline zirashobora gucibwa mumatsinda hamwe na cm 50 z'ubugari hanyuma ushire kuri cm muri cm 30 hagati yishoka 30 hagati yamashoka.
Ihuriro rya Nuline nimpano zibingwamo ibice bifatika byibiti bikomeye, byatewe na bitumen ku gitutu kinini nubushyuhe. Urutonde rwa 20001220m mu bunini hamwe na 35mm ubujyakuzimu bafite amabara umunani. Uburemere bwo guhinga bwa nuline bugera kuri 8kg / ikibabi hamwe nubwinshi bwa 3mm, ikiguzi cyurupapuro rumwe ni $ 11.5. By the was, impapuro za Nuline ni amoko abiri, funga, hamwe no gupfumba silico, na matte. Rero, urashobora guhitamo amahitamo akwiriye inyubako zitandukanye.
Ikoranabuhanga ryabakora ririmo gushyiramo impapuro za aurine ku ifiriti igoye ya pani ya pani zamazi, ubunini bwacyo bugomba kuba byibuze 12mm. Irafata kandi umurongo, igice kimwe cya bariyeri ya vapor, cyashyizwe kumurongo ugereranije nuduce turenga 51mm (kugeza kuri buri musumari (
"Umugaragaro" ibikoresho bya bitumer anqualine ni uko ibara ryabo rigaragara burundu nyuma yigihe gito nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, hashingiwe ku zuba. Ibi biterwa nikoranabuhanga ryihariye ryibikora, nkibisubizo bya okiside karemano yumutungo wa bitumimous mugihe gituma lightter, kandi ibara rirarangiye. Impapuro zo mu mazi (ingano ya 20001060 na 2000950mm) zifite garanti yimyaka 15 yo guharanira amazi; Irwanya ingaruka zinganda zikaze zinganda, imvura ya aside hamwe na frost. Igiciro cyimpapuro imwe ni $ 10.5.
Kenshi na kenshi, "euros" bivuga imyuka isobanutse cyangwa idasobanutse ya Polycarbonate, yakozwe nuburinganire. Impapuro nkizo ningirakamaro niba wasamye igisenge kibisi kuri parike, ubusitani bwimbeho cyangwa pisine. Ibi bikoresho (kuramba kwabo ni imyaka 50) itangwa ibigo byimbere mu gihugu ndetse no mumahanga.
Impapuro zisobanutse za PVC zikorwa, kurugero, firms za Nuline (Ikirango cya Tuftex, $ 8.5 ku bunini bw'ibabi rya 2000660mm), Gutta Werke ($ 16 kuri Suldux ($ 16 kuri Pandux5M5MB). Umucyo kandi uramba (Ubuzima bwa serivisi imyaka 10), birakoreshwa mugushushanya amatara yoroheje, ibisenge bya barwanyi, inanga imbere yinzu, balkoni hamwe namaterasi. Ntucikwe na UV imirasire, racks kumugiraneza wikirere. Kuva mu rugo rwa PVmes yo mu rugo, Uruganda rwa Mytishchinsky, 'Mosstroyplastmas "irashobora kwitwa, $ 3 / urupapuro) kandi ruhuze impapuro 10542880mm.
Hano haribintu byashizweho kugirango utegure icyatsi, icyatsi nubusitani bwimbeho. Ibi ni ibisenge hamwe n'amatara yumuhanda munini (kurenza 80%), nka "Ondukler" kuva Onduline na Valovoima kuva mu cyungo. Zikozwe mubikoresho bidasanzwe bya polymeric cyangwa ikirahure cya acrylic (panne selile).
Ibisenge by'icyuma
Icyuma cyo hejuru , yagaragaye muri XIX. (Ubwa mbere, umukara, ukeneye ibara rimwe, hanyuma arashanga, ahanganira cyane komba), igihe kimwe cyari ubwoko nyamukuru bwibikorwa byigisenge. Icyuma gishakisha gikomeje gukorwa uyumunsi, cyane cyane muburyo bw'impapuro 1.252.5m hamwe nubwinshi bwa mm 0.5-1,5. Ubwinshi bwikirere ni 4.5-7 kg / m2. Ibikoresho birasabwa ibisenge hamwe no kubogama 14-20. Nubwo igikoresho cyo gusakara kiva ku rupapuro rusaba intoki zujuje ibyangombwa, imitungo idahwitse y'ibyo bisenge, ishyano, ntabwo ari nini cyane.Umuringa Mugihe ibikoresho byo gusakara bikunda cyane, mugihe, igisenge cy'umuringa cyuzuyemo igice cya panani, giha inzu yose ubwoba kandi bwubashye. Gufata Umuringa birimo kurwanya ruswa, bityo rero kuramba (imyaka irenga 15), urugwiro rwibidukikije, ndetse no kubura ibiciro byuzuye. Ibibi bihamye byo gutwikira birimo kwiyongera kwiyongereye ku buso bw'imbere bwinzu (ibi biterwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umuringa). Umuringa uyumunsi wabaye umwuga. Urashobora kuyigura muri rolls 600-700mm ubugari na 0.6mm umubyimba ($ 18.4 / M2) cyangwa 0,8 mm ($ 24.6 / M2). Kwishyiriraho bizatwara ndetse kimwe. Umuringa wo gusakara, kimwe no gufunga nibibazo bitanga ibinyabuzima byuburusiya.
Zinc Mubikorwa byo gusakara, bikoreshwa muburyo bwa alloy ufite umubare muto cyane (0.1-0.2%) titanium numuringa. Kubwibyo, mubikoresho byo kubaka isoko, igisenge cya zinc rimwe na rimwe cyitwa "zinc-Titanium". Inyongera zitanga ibikoresho plastike muburyo bukonje. Birakwiriye igikoresho cyo kuzenguruka ibisenge byiboneza byose hamwe numusozi byibuze 5%. Byongeye kandi, alloy ituma ibintu bishwe mumazi nibindi bikoresho. Abatanga igisenge kinini ni ubumwe bwa zinc, inganagu zigera kuri 50.66 na rolls yagutse kuva kuri0.2 kugeza0.66 ubugari. Urupapuro rwa Cincan rwubunini kuva 0.2 kugeza 1 mm. Ibara rishobora kuba risanzwe na feza-nziza cyane, kugendana nigihe cyo kumurika (ubumwe zinc, $ 14 / m2) cyangwa matte-yoroheje (quartz zinc, $ 17.4 / M2). Ihitamo rihenze cyane ni matte gray-coal (antra zinc, $ 19 / M2).
Icyuma.
Impapuro z'icyuma zikozwe muri ibyuma bishyushye-ibyuma 0.5 Mm ndende, gake kenshi 0.4 mm. Ikora ku musaruro ikomatajwe hamwe na zinc ikingira zinc cyangwa zinc alloy, passinut, ni impamvu, nyuma zitanga uburyo butandukanye bwa santimetero gakondo. Impapuro zihita zivurwa hamwe na ruswa, zikosore igice cya plastiki (urugero, polyester, plastisol), no kugabanya gutandukana. Misa ya 1m2 icyuma cya tile-hafi 5.5 kg. Nko ibara ryibara ryibintu, ntabwo bigoye guhitamo ibara ryifuzwa. Ibiciro (ukuyemo igiciro cyinshi) bitandukanye na $ 8 kugeza $ 15 / M2, utitaye ku kirango cyuwabikoze. Kubwonda, doomle ikomeye ntabwo isabwa, impapuro zishyirwamo imigozi ifite kashe.
Icyuma Cyiza cya Gasell Obsell, Kami, Nola Proflab, Teras-Tayerd Stades (USADEN), Ikigo cyo Gutwika Igisenge (USA), Igisenge cyo Gutwika Techteri ) Kandi abandi batoranye hamwe nabakozi bo murugo: "Umwirondoro wicyuma", "Ikigo cya Moscow". "Isupu-Dalinav", "Isura".
Ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyerekana ubwiza bwibikoresho ni umubyimba wimpapuro. Bikwiye kuba byibura mm 0.5. Uyu munsi mububiko urashobora guhura nicyuma cya 0.4 mm ndende, ibereye gusa kuzamura inyubako nto, abasuhuza nabana.
Kuki ari ngombwa cyane ku rupapuro rwamashure? Ihame, icyuma icyo ari cyo cyose, niba kidashyizwe ahagaragara, kizakora igihe kirekire (kugeza ku myaka igera kuri 50) ndetse no mu bidukikije bikaze. Ariko, nk'ubutegetsi, igihe kwishyiriraho igisenge bitangirira, impapuro zibeshya (mubisanzwe mu karere ka sameri no munsi), imisumari iyobowe na zo, imisumari itwarwa. Aha niho ireme ryibikoresho byagaragaye. Urupapuro rusize amarangi gusa aho gukata ako kanya rutangira gukonginga, kandi igikombe cyo gukingira kirashobora gusenyuka hafi yurupapuro. Ikibabi cyasaga kizaba kirwanya ruswa, kuko Zinc ikora imikorere yo kurindwa kwa Cashode, kubera kwiyahura buhoro buhoro byatewe nubushuhe, bizakiza "ibyuma. Kubura urwego rwiburanisha cyangwa primer biganisha ku kuba umukoro nyamukuru (ni ubcorative) nta myaka irenga 1-3. Muri kiriya gihe, igikoma cya polymer gishwakaga kiva mubibabi, nyuma ingese zigaragara.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwingenzi bwa polymer yo kurinda-gushushanya neza: Polyester, Mate Polyester, Polsiso, Plastisol, PVDF. Bafite ibiranga imikorere ushobora kwigira kumeza tuzana.
Ibyuma bya forlurebile bigena isura yinzu yizahabu. Impinduka nibisabwa bya tekiniki yo kwishyiriraho, nkintambwe yigiti. Icyamamare cyane ni igishushanyo cyigana tile karemano, ni ukuvuga muburyo bwumunzani cyangwa hafi ya buri tile.
Umwirondoro urashobora kuba ibinyoma (Weckman) na asimmetric (Rannila). Kubwibyo, impapuro zituruka kubantu batandukanye kumuzi umwe ntazakora. Ubucucike bw'inyanja ubucucike bushingiye ku bwiza bwo gutekereza - bazagaragara hejuru y'inzu cyangwa ntabwo. Byongeye kandi, ingingo zirashobora kugaragara gusa ku nguni runaka. Kubwibyo, mugihe uhisemo tile, baza kwerekana amafoto kugirango urebe icyo ibikoresho bisa hejuru yinzu. Ashche nibyiza gusabwa gukora impapuro 2-3.
Impapuro nyinshi zitanga igisenge cyiza, zifasha guhangana na shelegi kumurima muto kandi uhendutse. Ariko niba urupapuro rwabi rufite umwirondoro wo hasi, harakenewe ibitutsi bikomeye.
Iyo ukorana nicyuma cyo gusakara bigomba kuzirikana ibintu byinshi. Ubwa mbere, plastike yicyuma ni ntarengwa, kandi urupapuro rwerekanwe ntabwo rwagenewe kunama. Icya kabiri, amakoti ahabereye akwiriye ibisenge byuburyo bworoshye, hamwe nuburyo buhanamye (kubogama 45-60). Ku gisenge kitoroshye kugeza kuri 20% yicyuma kirashobora kuva mumyanda, kandi ntikirahendutse.
Ubwoko bwihariye bwicyuma nibikoresho hamwe na minerval. Bahimbwe muri Nouvelle-Zélande nk'Ubundi buryo bwo muri ceramic gakondo, munsi yo guhura n'ibidukikije. N'ubundi kandi, bibaho ko igitekerezo cyubwubatsi cyinyubako ntigutemerera gushyira mu bikorwa kavukire, kandi utwika icyifuzo cyo gushushanya urugo rwawe rwinshi mukarere. Noneho byumvikana kwitondera igisenge cya "Elite", Metroshake na Metraroshile bava muri Metrotile (Ububiligi), muri Decra kuva mu Buto. "
Ishingiro ryinshi mubikoresho byo gusakara ni urupapuro rusa. Ibipimo bivuye mu miterere birinzwe ku mpande zombi ku mpande zombi (iyi ni alloy aluminiyumu 55%, 43% na zinc na 2% silicon). Aluminium na Silicon coating ubunini ni 20mkm- kongera uburinzi bwinshuro 4-6 ugereranije nicyuma gisanzwe gikora ibyuma bikunze gukora imyaka igera kuri 50 mubihe bikaze. Garanti yimyaka 15 yanditse ihabwa ibi bikoresho, nibidasanzwe. Birashobora kuvugwa ko ukurikije igipimo cya "kurwanya ruswa-igiciro-cyiza" gifite icyuma gisiganwa na gilvanize na alumini.
Ariko kurwanya ruswa yicyuma ntabwo bigarukira gusa. MUBALL (BASALT) iranyerera nayo ikoreshwa kuruhande rumwe kuruta intego nyinshi zigerwaho. Ubwa mbere, ubuso bubona imiterere iranga tile nyayo. Icya kabiri, urupapuro ntabwo ari "urusaku", oftening imvura ikubita hejuru yinzu. Igihombo cya granules ya minervales nkigisubizo cyikirere cyikirere ni 1% imyaka 10. Imbaraga nkizo zo gufunga kuzunguruka zigerwaho kubera gukoresha acryction idasanzwe (yakijijwe mu itanura amasaha atatu kuri 400 ° C). Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibikoresho ntibitinya ubushyuhe butonyanga, "bukora" no mubukonje bwamabiri, no mubushyuhe bwo mu gasozi (kuva -120DO + 120 ° C). Icya gatatu, minerval irazunguruka irinda indorerezi kama (acrylic) muburyo bwo guhura na flame, ibishishwa, nibindi. Niba Kami yarekuye impapuro hamwe na Sckinkler, bisa nubunini bwicyuma gisanzwe, hanyuma abakora ibisabwa batanze ibicuruzwa bito: 13304Mim00- Umunyamapyi, 139545mmmmmm- onnduline. Hamwe na "panels" yibi bipimo nkiyi, birashoboka gukora ibisenge byuburyo bugoye (birashoboka, Windows yubushakashatsi, nibindi (harimo curvilinear (bitarenze metero 1-2. Byongeye kandi, ushobora no wenyine. Ibikoresho ntabwo bigisha cyane isanduku. Kurugero, "panels" kuva muri Metrotile itondekanya ku tubari 4040mm (Amazi meza adafite amazi adasabwa). Tile ubwayo yishingikiriza hamwe numuraba hejuru yumurongo nimpera yacyo yo hepfo.
Ku gisenge hamwe na mound. Urashobora kwimukira mukweto wa rubber, ariko ugakora hamwe na scrap hejuru yinzu, icics ziranyeganyega, ntibikwiye. Ibi bikoresho ntabwo bigenewe gushyirwaho ku ihame ryo "kwigira" - ni byiza gukoresha serivisi za brigade yumwuga kugirango itakaza ingwate kubera ihohoterwa rikorerwa ikoranabuhanga riharanira. Igiciro cyo kugurisha cyo kunyanyagiza icyuma (mugihe ugura munsi ya 150m2) ni $ 19 kuri 1m2. Duhereye ku biciro byose, urashobora guhita ukuraho ikiguzi cya pani ya pani ya pani, kumurongo, kugabanya ikiguzi cyakazi ko kwishyiriraho (kubera ko kitagenda neza). Usibye ibikoresho ubwabyo, abakora batanga ibibazo bitandukanye (skates, imbaho zirangira, nibindi), zemerera gukora byimazeyo kurwego rwo hejuru muburyo bumwe.
UBWOKO BWO GUKINGIRA INKINGI Z'IMITERERE Y'ICYAHA
| PVF2 (PVDF) | Polar (pu) | Polyester (pe) | Matte polyester (pema) | Plaserisol (PVC) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Couting Ubunini, μm | 27. | mirongo itanu | 25. | 35. | 200. |
| Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukora, hamwe | +110 | +100 | +90. | +90. | +60 |
| Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gutunganya (Flexion), hamwe | -10 | -Icyiciro | 0 | 0 | +10 |
| Kurwanya imirasire ya ultraviolet (ku gipimo cya 5) | ***** | **** | **** | **** | *** |
| Kurwanya ibidukikije bikaze (ku gipimo cya 5) | ***** | **** | *** | *** | **** |
| Kurwanya kwangirika kwa mashini (ku gipimo cya 5) | **** | ***** | *** | **** | ***** |
| Amabwiriza yo gusaba | Birakwiriye gukora mubintu byitangazamakuru bikaze (ku nkombe zo mu nyanja, inyubako zinganda, nibindi) | Kwifuza kwisi yose kugirango bikore murwego runini rwikirere | Igipfukishwa cyane kandi rusange kirakwiriye umukandara wose. | Bitewe numutekano mwiza kandi wubukanishi, bigumana imitungo muburyo butandukanye bwibice. | Ntabwo byemewe gukoreshwa mu turere two mu majyepfo. Byiza mubihe byanduye |
Tile
Ibisenge byateguye igihe kinini cyane, ni byinshi cyane mu Burayi no muri Aziya. Imenyereye ceramic tile iramba, ubuzima bwa serivisi bwayo burenze imyaka 100, kandi igisenge ubwacyo ni cyiza cyane. Ariko, gutekereza kubaka igisenge cyashushanyijeho, bigomba kwizirikana ko imbaga ya 1m2 ari 40-70 kg hamwe ninzu yimbaho yibasiye igisenge ntabwo ikwiye.
Noneho urashobora kubona umubare munini wubwoko butandukanye bwa ceramic tile (Ikidage, Pazopa, Frankfurt, ibibi, (Ubudage), Braas Prints, Braas (iyi societe yikidage yafunguye Uburusiya bwe bwite umusaruro wibintu hashingiwe kuri Moscou DSC-1). Ibicuruzwa byatanzwe mu isoko biratandukanye mu isura, misa, kandi icy'ingenzi, ukurikije uburyo bwo kurambika.
Ubwoko bwa tile bugezweho ni beto, cyangwa, nkuko bititwa kenshi, sima-umucanga Tile. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukanda tekinoroji. Gutanga ibara ryanditseho, pigment (gufunga cyane) byamenyekanye muri byo cyangwa kubyara ubuvuzi bwo hejuru. Ibi birashobora kuba ubushake bwo guhimba amabara; Gurangiza igikoresho, harimo no kuminjagira umucanga wamabara hamwe na granulate; Gutera elulsion ya polymer ku buso buri hejuru, nibindi. Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa tile yakozwe, Vienne, alpine (Flat). Ibara ryibanze - umutuku nijimye. Sima-umucanga Tile ntiramba kuruta ceramic, naho ibipimo bisigaye biri hafi yayo. Ikinyoni kimwe ceramic nkeya, ariko nanone ntizisabwa gukora igisenge cyurumuri. Gushyira neza sima-umucanga, dukeneye inzobere mubyifuzo byinshi. Naho ibiciro, tile ikomeye izaba ihendutse kuva $ 59 / M2. Avot kubintu byiza (skate, iherezo, urubura, nibindi) Bigomba kwishyura byibuze inshuro eshatu.
Tekereza kandi uhitemo
Nk'ubutegetsi, mbere ya bose basuzuma isura yibikoresho hanyuma, gusa umubiri, ubushyuhe nubusitani. Azry. Uburyo bugomba kuba butandukanye.Witondere cyane kurandura ibikoresho - iyi parameter iratandukanye kuri eshanu (rubburoid) kugeza kumyaka ijana (igisenge cy'umuringa). Niba utubatse inzu yubugaramba hamwe nibisenge biramba, kubara kugirango ubiherere ibisekuruza byagiye bisimburana umurage, urashobora guhaza indorerezi zagenewe imyaka 25.
Ni ngombwa kuva itangira kugirango usuzume ireme ryibikoresho gusa, ahubwo no mu buryo bugoye bwo kwishyiriraho. Nibyiza, niba ushobora gutwikira igisenge wenyine, ukurikize neza amabwiriza. Ariko, nk'ubutegetsi, kurambika ibikoresho byo gusakara bisaba gusaba imbaraga z'itsinda ry'ababigize umwuga babishoboye.
Birakwiye ko byamenyeshejwe ko ubwoko bumwe bwibisenge busaba ingorane (kubeshya, gushima) bya sisitemu ya rafter. Kurugero, sisitemu yo gusiganwa ku marigi karemano, kimwe n'inkuta n'inzifatiro bigomba kubarwa ku mutwaro ukwiye. Igisubizo kizongera igipimo cyurugendo cyibicuruzwa, bityo, ikiguzi cyinzu (kuri 15-20%). Igiciro cyibigize nibibazo birashobora kongera ikiguzi cyinzu yarangiye kuri 50-100%. Yerekanwe rero mu mutungo w'amatangazo wa 1m2 rwose, nubwo ari ibintu, ariko ntibigena igiciro cyose cyo gusakara. N'ubundi kandi, ugura ibice bitatanye by'icyuma cyangwa bitumen, ariko sisitemu yo gusakara.
Igice cya II.
Kugirango igisenge kidahari "kurira"
Twiyeguriye igice cya mbere cyingingo yacu hamwe nibikoresho byo gusakara. Gukoresha ibibazo byose hamwe n "" ubukonje ". Ariko iyo utangiye kwigomeka "ususurutse", mugihe ufite icyumba cyateganijwe, ibibazo bitunguranye bivuka bifitanye isano namakosa mugushushanya. Byongeye kandi, ntabwo ako kanya, ariko mugihe cyo gukora. Tuzabwira iki gice cyingingo yukuntu twakwirinda.Kuki "kurira" igisenge?
Igisenge gisanzwe cyo hejuru, cyangwa, nkuko nacyo cyitwa, igisenge "pie" bisa na hepfo (kubara uhereye hasi hejuru): Kurangiza-Ibikoresho. Mousture ebyiri ziva mucyumba, aho amasoko yabo ahohoterwa, abinyujije murwego rwo kurangiza ibintu byoroshye byinjiye mu kwinjizwa, bikaba, kubutaka byagutse, bitakaza cyane imitungo yo kwigomeka. Byongeye kandi, ubuhehere bwuzuye mubyerekeranye no kunyuramo muburyo bwa couple, kandi ibikoresho byo gusakara hejuru hanyuma "byaguye" mubyerekeranye no gukora muburyo bwa ibitonyanga hejuru yinzugi n'inkuta. Hamwe n'urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwishyurwa mu nyubako, umubare wa comprewate wogoshe ku gisenge n'inkuta zirashobora gushyiraho kwibeshya ku buryo igisenge cyatembaga.
Kuva mu cyi "pie" izigama bidafite akamaro k'inzu y'inzu, yuzuye urumuri rw'izuba ashyuha ku bikoresho bifatika, noneho bikomeza imiterere no mu nzu. Inzira yo gushyushya irakorwa buhoro (insulation muri uru rubanza yiswe neza "Ubushyuhe"), ariko buhoro.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'igisenge "pie" idafite ayo makosa?
Guhindura bisobanura "kurira" igisenge
Ibisenge bya none "pie" nigishushanyo cyihariye kigomba no gukomeza ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'itumba, kandi kikumira kwinjira mu cyumba (ubushyuhe bukabije), kimwe no kurengera ibisenge by'amazi Uhereye mucyumba uva mucyumba unyura mu bubyimba byacyo no kuvana "na Nauli" babiri, biracyagwa mu tubi. Byongeye kandi, mubihe bimwe na bimwe, "pie" igomba kurinda ibikoresho byo gusanga biva ku ngaruka zangiza zumukanyago zose. Kugirango ibisenge bidakwiye kwishyurwa gusa, ahubwo bihumeka byanze bikunze. Muri rusange, iki gishushanyo kirasa nigishushanyo cyurukuta rwibasiwe natwe mubibazo byabajijwe mubibazo byateganijwe, kandi bigizwe (hasi-hejuru-guhuza ibikoresho - umwe cyangwa bibiri icyuho gihumeka cyafunze hejuru yibisenge.Igisenge gihumeka gifite ibyiza bimwe. Mu gihe cy'itumba, ntabwo bizigama ubushyuhe gusa, ariko - bitewe nuko ibikoresho byo gusakara bitavugana namasuka bityo ntibishyuha (habaho kwemererwa hagati yabo), - birinda gushiraho Inzitizi ya Ice kuri protrusion yibisenge byinzu kandi ikabuza ibintu byitwa "kugaruka". Mu ci, igisenge nk'iki kikiza igisenge kiva mu kirere gishyushye, winjire mu mwanya uhumeka, uhagurukira, uva mu ngofero, ukora ubushyuhe bwakuwe mu gisenge, n'ubushuhe bwakuwe mu bisenge.
Mubisanzwe, ibiganiro mumashini ya kanda igisenge gihumeka hamwe nurutonde rworoshye rwibi byiza. Amakuru ya sisitemu ntabwo aboneka. Nta makuru yukuntu bwo kungura icyifuzo cyo kugira igisenge cyuzuye mubyukuri. Ibikurikira, tuzagerageza kuzuza iki cyuho, kugirango dusuzume ubwoko bwingenzi bwurwego rwimiterere "pie" nuburyo bwo kubiremwa byabo.
Aho gutangirira he?
Intambwe. Mbere ya byose, birakenewe kumenya ubwoko bwubwoko buriho bwibisenge buzakoreshwa. Igisubizo ni ngombwa cyane kandi gifite inshingano, kuko biterwa nibikoresho byatoranijwe, ni ubuhe bwoko bw'imikino y'amazi azasabwa, kandi ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhumeka, aho bihuriye n'ibishushanyo mbonera by'amazi n'ibishushanyo bya isanduku. Hindura iki gisubizo utasenyeye umutapi washyizweho udasanzwe ntushobora gutsinda.
Ukurikije ibikoresho byo gusakara, kimwe no kumuyaga numutwaro wa shelegi (kumatsinda yo hagati, mugihe kingana na 200kg / m2 yinzu ya rafter (cyangwa inzandiko za sisitemu isanzwe y'umutwaro nyawe aragenzurwa), intambwe yabo, kandi icyarimwe igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibitongo n'ibishushanyo by'ibikoma n'intambwe ye. Bite? Niba, kurugero, wahisemo ukuri (inguzanyo iremereye) Tile, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cyakoreshejwe, hanyuma kikaba kibazwe, yibutsa rwose indogobe, niba Kuri hose.
Intambwe ya kabiri. Duhitamo ibikoresho byamatanwa bizashyirwaho munsi yinzu. Kugirango ukore ibi, suzuma ibikoresho biriho byamasoko no guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gusakara.
Superiphision membranes. Ibi bikoresho byubushuhe ni ngombwa cyane kubikoresho byo gusakara: amazi abiri binyuze muri bo ararengana, kandi amazi ubwayo ntabwo ari. Byongeye kandi, imyuka ikomeza ni hejuru cyane (bitwa superiplasion) ko ibyo bikoresho bishobora gushyirwaho hafi yo kwigana, udafite icyuho cyo hasi gihumeka. Mu isoko ryacu, ibicuruzwa nk'ibi bitangwa ahanini na Dupont) - Membrane y'itsinda rya Tivek na Jutaki (Utivek, na we yasobanuwe ku kibazo cya mbere. Inzitizi zombi zihenze - hafi $ 1 / M2. SuperiFosions Membrane ntabwo isabwa gukoreshwa mubikoresho byo gusakara, uruhande rwinyuma rwacyo rutagenewe guhura kenshi cyangwa igihe kirekire hamwe nubushuhe. Ni ukuvuga, muriki gihe, icyuma cyicyuma ntigishobora guhuza kururu rubanza (na spray hamwe na aluminium, urugero metrobond) hamwe nimpapuro za turumen ("umushinga"). Wlores hamwe na ceramic, sima-umucanga, amabati meza, atatinya ingaruka zubushuhe ku cyerekezo gitandukanye, membranefyifyimbisive ikorwa nta kibazo.
Umuyoboro wa supersion kuri rafter ukosowe ukoresheje konte, icyo gihe kirashizwemo, ibikoresho byo gusakara bikwiranye (urwego rwa compace ruzagerwaho (urwego rwa compace kandi ruzagena ubunini bwa gapn). Igishushanyo mbonera cya membrane gitwikiriye ku buntu ku buntu birengagiza insulation mu kirere cyo hejuru cyo mu kirere gihumeka hagati y'isi hagati y'izahabu no gusakara, kuva mu kirere.
Kwishyiriraho inzamu byegereye inkiko ningirakamaro niba igishushanyo mbonera gikoreshwa ukoresheje igice cya 100100mm (urugero, mugihe inzu iriho) kandi ntabwo bishoboka kuyisimbuza (cyangwa gukanda) . Kubera ko urwego rwisuku rudashobora kuba munsi ya 100mm (bitabaye ibyo, ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kuvuga?), Bizagomba kubishyira mubyinshi bya checkned yuzuye, ntabwo rero bizakora.
Gukora igishushanyo mbonera kiva mu kabari ka 150150mm bigufasha gushyira hagati yinguzanyo zidasanzwe zo kwigana ibikenewe. Nibyiza nibyiza niba igihe gikoreshwa nigice cya 16200mm cyangwa rafters cyatsinzwe nimbaho ziva mu gice cyambukiranya 50200mm. Muri iki kibazo, rwose bizaba umwanya uhagije wo gukora icyuho cyikirere kirimo (agaciro gasabwe, 50-70mm). Ukubaho kwayo kugufasha gukoresha ibikoresho bihendutse kuruta memdorifyive membranes. Nibiryo bibiri: Gutandukanya no kurwanya compate.
Gukwirakwiza amazi yo mu mazi. Inshingano yibi membrane ni kimwe na superdiffsion, - vuba bishoboka kurekura imibare ibiri mumazi yahujwe no hejuru. Imiterere yibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byacitse cyane ni ibyo bashobora gukora gusa imbere yibibanza bibiri bihumeka - hepfo no hejuru. Mubyukuri, ibyo bikoresho ntabwo ari usibye firime za polyethylene, muri canvas imbyobo duto cyane bakubiswe inshinge. Niba inkeri zikanda cyane film nkiyi, ibyobo bizahagarikwa gusa kandi film izareka gusimbuka amazi abiri.
Gukwirakwiza inzara zo mu gasozi, kimwe na supediphision, zishobora gukoreshwa gusa ibikoresho byo gusakara, uruhande rwinyuma rudatinya ingaruka zubushuhe. Iyi ni ceramic, sima-umucanga, bituminiusi tile na metrobond icyuma cya tile. Abakora ibicuruzwa byakwirakwije imyanda itangwa mu isoko ryacu - Juta (Repubulika ya Ceki) na Eltete (Finlande).
Kurwanya firime zintara. Ni abanyamabanga kandi bagenewe gukora muri couple hamwe nibikoresho byo gusakara hamwe na membrasiprosion no kutavuka, ni ukuvuga hamwe na tile tile na "eretifier". Uruhande rwinyuma rwa firime (uruhande rureba insulation) rufite "ubutoni" budasanzwe. Ibisabwa kugirango ibikorwa byiyi firime nabyo ni ukubaho ahantu ho guhumeka umwuka - hepfo no hejuru. Mu bihe bibi, ubuhehere bugaragara mu kwishingira ku buso buringaniye kandi bukabitswe ku kiguzi cya "ikirundo" (kugirango amazi arenze uburemere 4-8 burenze uburemere bwacyo). Mugihe cyibihe byiza byimiterere, umwuka utwarwa nisuka yo mu kirere. Uruhande rw'ibikoresho byo gusakara birinzwe rwose n'ingaruka z'ubushuhe kandi gihora gihumeka kubera icyuho cyo hejuru. Ibikoresho byo kurwanya ubushuhe bushingiye ku isoko ryacu bitanga mu isoko ryacu nka juta (Repubulika ya Ceki) - Jutanin na Elkatek inyongera na Elkatek Inyongera na Elkatek L.
Iyo uremye imiterere ukoresheje anti-companste kandi ugasuzugura ibintu bidasanzwe, witondere cyane uruhande rwa firime rwandikiwe ibijyanye no kwishyurwa, kandi ibyo bitwike. Uyu mwanya ni ngombwa cyane, birakwiye ko bitera urujijo, kandi dushobora gutekereza ko polyethylene nka membranes.
Gukoresha film ya anti-compiste nibyiza kandi kuva muburyo bumwe, bifasha kwagura ubuzima bwicyuma kidahenze, ubusanzwe butagirenze imyaka 10-12. Filime irwanya anti-anti-antise hamwe no guhumeka buri gihe hejuru yubuso bwo hepfo buzagura cyane ubuzima bwurwego rwo hasi rwo gukingira. Nyuma yigihe cya garanti yigihe gikora, icyuma gihora gikurikirana imiterere yo hejuru (kura ifu yo gukubita no kugoreka "gukora ibintu bidasanzwe", noneho ubuzima bwa serivisi burashobora kongerwa 1,5 -2. Nibyo, bigomba kwizirikana ko "bibungabuzwa" gusa aho ari amasako na polyester na Poul. Plastisol "Prensise" ntazatsinda.
Intambwe ya gatatu. Turakora uburebure bwavuyemo bwa mbere (reba Intambwe Yambere) hamwe nubunini bwumushinga wigisha umushinga. Niba ntakibazo, dukora kubara mbere yubunini bukenewe bwiki rwego, nkuko byari bimeze, twabibwiye mubibazo byabanjirije iki.
Iyi ntambwe irakenewe kugirango yongere kugenzura niba uburebure bwa refters yatoranijwe bihagije. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gukoresha insulation ya basalt, birashoboka ko ubunini bukomeye bugomba kuba cm 12-13 (birashobora, na15). Umufasha bivuze ko kugirango ushireho sisitemu ya rafter, yakozwe mugukoresha akabari ka 100mm (ni mubyukuri sisitemu yimbeba yinzu nto yinzu yigihugu ikorwa), ntabwo izahuza ubunini bwa rafteri. Igisubizo kigomba kugabanya ubunini bwemewe (100mm) cyemewe cyurwego rwamagana, kandi ibi birafunzwe. Byongeye kandi, ubunini buto bwa rafters burashobora "gukurura" gusaba muburyo bwa supedifpifcoment ya supediplece ihenze cyane membrane, kimwe no kumenyekanisha ibibujijwe muburyo bwo gusakara. Hamwe nubunini busabwa bwikirere (15cm), ntibishobora kuba bihagije kandi umurongo wo muri 150150mmm ntabwo uhagije kugirango utegure icyuho cyo hasi. Nibyo, iki kibazo kirashobora gukemurwa no gupakira akabari 5050mm (cyangwa 50100m onm), ariko bigomba kwitondera ikiguzi cyo gushushanya no kugabanya ubwishingizi bwayo (kuri contbuster ifite ubushishozi busa hejuru ya kabari, kandi isanzwe ari ibyago.
Ni ubuhe bushishozi bugomba gukoreshwa? Nk'uko byinzobere mu nyirubwite, - gutunga imyuka minini ishingiye ku buryo, ni ukuvuga kunyura mu buntu amazi anyuze muri Strata yabo. Ubu bushobozi bwo kugwiza ibikoresho by'ubwoya bwamabuye. Igishushanyo mbonera cyimbaho, mbikesheje ubushobozi bwo gusiba kabiri, bizashobora "guhumeka", nkibisubizo bizagumana ibyo kuba inyangamugayo nibikorwa. Urutonde rwamayobera rwamabuye y'agaciro ku isoko ry'Uburusiya ni ubugari, hari ikintu cyitwa, kuri buri buryohe n'umufuka.
Intambwe ya kane. Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho (Turatekereza ko bidakenewe gusobanura iyi nzira birambuye) inkeli irafunzwe kuva hasi hamwe na firime yigihe parobaric, intego yacyo igomba gukuraho hit umubyimba wamazi mucyumba. Igice cya Parobar, nacyo, gifunze hamwe nibikoresho byo kurangiza.
Kubijyanye nibikoresho byo kurema parobar yatanzwe nabantu nkabo nka Tegola (Ubutaliyani), Monchex), Monmark (Dainmark), twabwiye kandi ku kibazo cyagenwe, Ubu rero tuzakora inyongera gato gusa.
Igiciro cya Parobac kwari ukugabanye niba gikoreshwa aho kuba ibikoresho byihariye byo kwigisha ibyuya bya pergamine. Nibyo, aterwa na bitumen, impumuro yicyo izahumva mucyumba. Ariko ibi nibikoresho bihendutse (P-300- 114. Kuri Roll 20m2). Hariho ubundi buryo budahenze-polyethylene, ikoreshwa cyane kubikoresho bya parike. Ariko uzirikane ko bidakozwe muburyo bubi. Niba utuye munzu buri gihe kandi ntabwo bitigera ukomeza kuba, birashoboka gukoresha firime ishimangiwe. Niba inzu ikoreshwa buri gihe, ntabwo bikwiye gukora ibi, nibyiza guhitamo ibikoresho byihariye byikinisha cyangwa Pergamine ubukonje budatinya.
Gukoresha kuzumura hamwe na "indorerwamo" yicyuma (kurugero, alubar kuva Tegola nibindi) bifasha byohereza ubushyuhe mubyumba. Ariko hagati yikibanza na firime, birakenewe kuva mu kirere cyegeranye na cm 2, zigora bimwe kandi zongera igishushanyo.
Imitunganyirize yikirere kigenda mubyuho
Birumvikana, yakusanyije neza igisenge "pie" ntabwo aribyo byose. Gushiraho umwuka ukenewe, ugomba gutanga ikirere ubushobozi bwo gukora muri ventkanal bombi. Kugirango ukore ibi, ibyobo bidasanzwe bisigaye mugice cyo hepfo ya eave, bikarindwa kwinjira mu gakoko ninyoni ntoya yicyuma. Skate nayo ikorwa nibishushanyo byihariye - bihumeka. Niba ntakintu gishoboka kubwimpamvu iyo ari yo yose, abafana b'igisafuriya rukoreshwa mu kumenyesha icyuho cyo hejuru no hepfo gihumeka hamwe n'ikirere.Iyo urupapuro rwibishanga (metallic cyangwa itari metallic) ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gusakara, ikibazo cyitumanaho cyo hejuru gikemuka ko gufata umwuka hamwe na bo ubwabo, nubwo urupapuro rwibishara ari "Flat". Muri iki gihe, hasigaye kwemeza uruzitiro rwindege no gusohora gusa kubinyuranyo byo hasi. Ibi bikorwa muburyo bwasobanuwe haruguru.
Films Anti-Companstate
| Ikimenyetso (Ashikamye, Igihugu) | Elkatek Inyongera (Eltete, Finlande) | Elkatek Inyongera L (Eltete, Finlande) | JUTYON (JUTA, Repubulika ya Ceki) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibisobanuro | 80% imyenda na 20% -Antantinensete ikurura ibikoresho muri hebcose fibre | 80% imyenda na 20% -Antantinensete ikurura ibikoresho muri hebcose fibre | Ibice bine ultravioLosoy-brow (amezi 12) polypropylene umwenda, ushizeho impande zombi na firime ya polypropylene, kuruhande rumwe rwibikoresho bikurura ibintu birimo (viscose) |
| Ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi,% kubice. Ibisobanuro. Eva | 680. | 680. | 400. |
| Imbaraga za Tensile, KGF / CM2, ntabwo ari bike | 860/780 | 553/423. | 800/600 |
| Uburemere, g / m2 | 140. | 135. | 130-140. |
| Ubunini, mm. | 0.20 | 0.19. | * |
| Ingano ya Rall (Shd), M. | 1.346. | 1.540. | 1.350 |
| Kuzunguruka, $ | 46. | 40. | 56. |
* -Tmo ntabwo isobanura
Ubuyobozi bw'amabwiriza burashimira isosiyete "Gasall Meil", "Ratta", ", ni navy,", "ikigo" cyo hejuru cy'iburengerazuba "kugira ngo gitegure ibikoresho.