Igenzura rya elegitoronike no kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura: Imikorere ya serivise, ibice, ibice, ibigize.
Imashini ya mashini "igihome", hejuru na mortise
Chema yo gusaba umurongo winjira (hid) umusomyi
Igishushanyo cyigikoresho cya electro-mashini (ihitamo). Iyo uteye ubwoba umuryango, solenoid irazimizi gato, kandi irari riva mu isoko, rifunga umuryango w'umutekano - ibi ntabwo ari umusaruro. Iyi ni inzira.
Bruce Schnaer, Cryptografi
Ikibazo cyo kurinda iterambere ryakozwe kunangiye imitungo ni ashaje nkumutungo ubwawo. IVS muri iki gihe abantu barose gusenga badashishikaye kandi bafite ubwenge bashoboye gutanga agaciro keza kubandi.
Kandi buto ye irihe? ..
Ibikoresho byumutekano kumazu bimaze gutera imbere imyaka amagana. Inzugi zinjira zirashimangirwa, moderi zitandukanye zo gufunga imashini zigaragara (reba. Kurambura "umunezero utuje"). Mu myaka ya mbere, igisekuru gishya cyibikoresho, bifite imirimo myinshi ya serivisi, yaje gusimbuza gufunga mashini. Inzobere zihamagara ibikoresho nkibi sisitemu yikora kugirango igenzurwe kandi ikoreshwe mucyumba. Nk'uko sisitemu ikoreshwa mubuzima bwa buri munsi, izaganirwaho mu ngingo yacu kubijyanye nibyo byabo nibibi.Kubera ko bidatinze wegereye ubwoko bushya bwibikoresho, tuzasobanura ibisobanuro byamagambo amwe. Nubuhe buryo bwo kugenzura no kubona sisitemu yo kugenzura (sud)? Gutoragura ni byiza, ibikoresho bigoye hamwe nibyabaye byemeza uburinzi n'umutekano by'inzu, inyubako, ahantu hashingiye ku gihugu. Gufunga imiryango isanzwe ndetse numusaya urashobora kwitirirwa uburyo bworoshye bwo kwinjira. Sisitemu yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ikubiyemo imirongo myinshi ihujwe murusobe rusange. Ibikoresho byikora "kumenya" nyirubwite kandi bifasha kumena umuryango imbere yacyo; Hirya no hino isaha iyobora amashusho yikintu cyanzwe; Iyo kwinjira mu buryo butemewe, burimo uburyo bwo kumenyesha cyangwa gutanga raporo ku vy'ukuri ku kurenga kwa polisi; Mugihe habaye umuriro, "ukurikije amabwiriza", kurugero, kubyara gufungura imiryango yose yinjira kugirango abapangayi bave munzu bativanga.
Sisitemu zose nkizo zirashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda abiri: umuyoboro nubwigenge. Imisozi miremire, ariko igoye n'imihanda, bityo bakoreshwa cyane cyane kubikorwa byinganda cyangwa byubukungu (amahoteri, amabanki, nibindi). Kubikoresha mubuzima bwa buri munsi, skidomomous skid yatejwe imbere. Biroroshye cyane kuruta umuyoboro no gukora gusa imirimo mike. Ibidukikije sisitemu nkiyi byitwa gufunga hakoreshejwe elegitoronike cyangwa electromencal, ntabwo ari ukuri rwose. Mubyukuri, igihome kiremewe icyingenzi, ariko kirambuye mu cyi. Usibye Mechanism, urugi rwo gufunga, imitwe ikurikira irahari muri sisitemu: Kumenyekanisha kuranga bitanga uburenganzira (Ikarita, Clecchain, kode ya digitale); Umusomyi cyangwa Mwandikisho; Kugenzura cyangwa kugenzura sisitemu no gutunganya amakuru yakiriwe; Ishami ry'imbaraga.
Sisitemu biroroshye gukora no gutanga urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurwanya ubujura. Umusomyi arashobora guhishwa mumaso, kurufunguzo runini rushobora kuvaho nibibazo byose bifitanye isano nabyo ntabwo bigenda kumubiri. Noneho imigani yintwaro yo kurinda ntabwo ikenewe kugirango igice cyihishe cyikigo, kandi Canvas yumuryango ntabwo ihitanwa nu mwobo. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bituma bishoboka gutanga urwego rwohejuru rwibanga, numubare wibishoboka byo guhuza kode, scoisi ya elegitoronike irenze imashini ifunga amategeko menshi. Hanyuma, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bitanga ubushobozi bwo guhindura- niba urufunguzo-ruranga habuze, "ubukanishi" ntirukeneye guhinduka, gusa andika chipher nshya.
Nigute sisitemu ikorera? Umusomyi yagaburiwe urugo. Ibi birashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye. Kurugero, ikarita cyangwa urunigi rwingenzi rwazanywe kumusomyi anten cyangwa kode yitwa intoki. Uhereye kubasomyi, ikimenyetso cyinjira muri sisitemu yo kugenzura no gutunganya amakuru. Hano haramenyekana kandi, niba bizwi nka "he", itsinda ritangwa kugirango rifungure gufunga. Ikigo cy'umutekano cyaragaragaye, umuyoboro w'umutekano wagaragaye, haboneka, harahagarikwa, n'ibindi. Rimwe na rimwe, gufunga bifite ibikoresho byinyongera bishoboye "kumenyesha" sisitemu yo kugenzura ibisenyuka n'amakosa (mu mahanga mu buryo bw'ibintu iyo hashyizweho yita ku mirimo kandi bigatera umupfumu). Kandi, umuryango urashobora kuba ufite sensor zizamenyesha sisitemu yo kugenzura ko umuryango ufunze rwose kandi gufunga gufunga birashobora gushyirwa imbere.
Inkwaro zitandukanye zitandukanye ni ihame ryibikorwa hamwe nigishushanyo cyubaka ibice byabo byingenzi byabasomyi, umugenzuzi nikigo. Bashobora gukorwa muburyo bwibice bitandukanye cyangwa bihujwe murubanza rusange. Sisitemu yo kugenzura, umwanditsi numugenzuzi cyangwa umusomyi kandi ufunga kandi umugenzuzi ahujwe nayo, kandi kwishyiriraho biroroshye. By the way, kubyerekeye ubworoherane. Icyifuzo cyo kongera ibisasu byongera urugi rwinjira hamwe na sisitemu igoye cyane yagenewe kwishyiriraho ibiro bikunze kuganisha ku gisubizo. Hamwe nibintu byayo byo hanze, bikurura ibitekerezo byabateye kandi nkaho bigiraneza: "Kubwurugi rurinzwe neza hari ikintu cyo guhisha!" Ariko ikintu cy'ingenzi, "Ibiro" byashizweho ku kazi kizengurutswe mu bundi buryo bw'umutekano (kugenzura amashusho, Senvices, serivisi ishinzwe umutekano, n'ibindi). Kudasohora Ntamwanya wo "gufata" mubikoresho nkibi. Ubundi bucuruzi bwinzu. Amashanyarazi akomeye akenshi asigare mbere yo gucukura cyangwa guhungabanya amashanyarazi.
Ibikoresho byo gusoma
| Icyitegererezo | Ikinyago | Ubwoko bw'abasomyi | Ubushyuhe | Gusoma gusoma, reba | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vxm-5. | IJAMBO (Isiraheli) | Utabanje | -20 ... +50 | 4-8 | 300. |
| Miniprox. | Hid (USA) | Utabanje | -30 ... +65 | 2.5-13 | 240. |
| S1504 Passman Lr. | Tagmaster (Suwede) | Utabanje | -20 ... +60 | 800. | 3950. |
| OMNI. | Amajyaruguru (USA) | Utabanje | -31 ... +63. | Kugeza 10 | 280. |
| Flexpass. | Motorola (USA) | Utabanje | -35 ... +65 | Kugeza kuri 12.7 | 210. |
| Cyfral dc-2000 | Cyfral (usa) | Urufunguzo rwingenzi gukoraho-kwibuka | -40 ... +45 | - | 110. |
Inzira yo Kurinda
SKUD yahimbwe kugirango umutekano wumutungo utimukanwa. Gufunga imashini bitanga aho biherereye (ubwoko bwibitero, kandi rimwe na rimwe igishushanyo) kimaze kuba ubwoko bwa kelekile. Icyifuzo cyo gukora ikinyabiziga cyo gufunga igihome kitagaragara cyatumye hashyirwaho ibikoresho byo gufunga byakozwe namashanyarazi.Gufunga electromenical. Akenshi ukoreshe gufunga electromenical akunze gukoreshwa. Amasosiyete yabo ashinzwe iterambere n'ibigo byangiza akora mu masosiyete nka abloye (Finlande), CISA, ISEO, ODEAX (CATMAX), Yuni-fort, OKB Horizon " (Uburusiya) n'abandi. Muri rusange ibisobanuro byemewe byijambo "electromencal Castle" ntabwo. Benshi mu iterambere ryihuza kubwukuri ko igereranya ryibi bigo ari uguhindura hasi ukoresheje ibikoresho bya mashini (ikiganza, impeshyi, isoko, urufunguzo), no guhagarika amashanyarazi.
Ubwoko bworoshye bwibikoresho byo gufunga byerekanwe muri shusho.2. Ifunga igizwe no gufunga, isoko y'amashanyarazi, igenzura rinini, guhagarika solenoid n'umugenzuzi (cyangwa microswitch (cyangwa microswitch yahujwe n'umugenzuzi). Iyo ufunze umuryango, gufunga no kwagurwa muburyo buturutse mu mpeshyi no kuri uyu mwanya bigenwa nururimi rwurugo rwa solenoid rufunga. Niba hari voltage, guhagarara yakwegereye solenoid, kandi ubwanwa bwo gufunga burashobora gukurwaho bahindukirira ikiganza, gukanda isoko. Ikigo kiguma kuruhande kugeza regue yongeye guhagarikwa no guhagarara gusa. Ibi bibaho mugihe umuryango urababaje. Noneho kugenzura latch birakanda imbere no gufunga imitwe ya microswitriko, bitanga ikimenyetso cyo kuzimya imbaraga za solenoid, kandi guhagarara bwa nyuma kwaguka muguhagarika riglel.
Itegeko ryo kugaburira voltage kumugenzuzi wa solenoid rirashobora gutanga ikimenyetso gihitanwa numuryango wumuntu, kurugero, kuva kuri radio, buto, urufunguzo cyangwa kuva clavier. Ku ihame, ibigo bimwe na bimwe bikora ibikorwa. Ibigo bike bitagutungwa muri CISA, ISEO, YU. Yatangaje valve yo kugenzura mugihe ufunze urugi rupima impeshyi kandi binyuze muri sisitemu yo gufunga gufunga Rigleel, kandi solenoid ikosora isoko muri leta yakomeretse. Iyo voltage itangwa kuri solenoid yimpeshyi, irarekurwa kandi igasubira inyuma muri saigileel mumuryango ufunguye.
Hariho byinshi byo guhuza abashinyaguzi na nyuma. Rero, mukigo cyicyitegererezo 7818 uhereye kuri Iseo, Intambara yo kugenzura irashobora kugenda hamwe nubufasha bwamashanyarazi, kuva kurufunguzo cyangwa kuva ku rufunguzo ruzunguruka, kandi urusaku rwo gufunga rugenzurwa gusa. AB moderi ya 809 iva ku bigendwa (Ubudage) Gufunga Rigle bifasha mu buryo bwikora mugihe umuryango urababaje gusa hamwe nintoki. Nta gufunga amashanyarazi, ntabwo bifitanye isano na Mechanism, kandi ntacyo bimaze kubihindura.
Ifunga rya electromenical rishobora kuba zifite ibikoresho bya rotary cyangwa umuvuduko cyangwa stinder ya silinder cyangwa ubwoko bwumutwe (guhezwa-gutoranya-gufungwa-gutoranya amashanyarazi hafi ya buri munsi kandi ntabwo asuzumwa muriyi ngingo).
Hariho moderi iryamye kandi hejuru yibikoresho byo gufunga hamwe na disiki ya electromencal. Gutongana mubipimo ntibitandukanye nigufunga imashini isanzwe. Hariho moderi yo kwishyiriraho ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwimiryango: ibumoso n'iburyo, gufungura imbere cyangwa hanze, ibiti, ibyuma Umubare munini wintote wateye imbere kugirango utware rigters zikoreshwa muri gahunda yo gufunga. Gufunga Hejuru birasa cyane nabavandimwe "bavandimwe. Bose kuva hanze bafite silinderi ifunze urufunguzo rwo gufungura gufunga mugihe cyihutirwa, kandi uhereye imbere gufungura na buto ya mashini. Icyitegererezo cyinshi (urugero, gukorera 5513 kuva Iseo) Hariho silinderi no kuva imbere, ariko buto yingenzi irashobora guhagarikwa, hanyuma ifunga izakingurwa gusa iyo voltage yatanzwe.
Byongeye kandi, ibifunga byose birashobora kugabanywamo "mubisanzwe bikingurwa" na "mubisanzwe." Ku rubanza rwa mbere udatanze voltage, gufunga biri muri leta. Muri "mubisanzwe bifunze" muburyo bwo guhanwa, umuryango urafunzwe. Iya mbere ni nziza iyo hakenewe kwimuka byihuse, kurugero, mugihe habaye umuriro. Ariko bakinguye neza niba umena ibiryo. Iya kabiri yizewe ukurikije umutekano, ariko ikindi kibazo kivuka hamwe nabo: uburyo bwo kwinjira munzu niba amashanyarazi yazimye? Sisitemu hamwe na backup amashanyarazi yigenga ava mu gutabara, ariko kandi bakeneye kubakurikira. Mubisanzwe, bateri cyangwa bateri voltage 12b ikoreshwa mugusubira inyuma. Hariho sisitemu aho urumuri rwikimenyetso rwerekana isohoka ryabo. Igipimo cyingenzi cyo guhitamo icyitegererezo nigihe cyo gukora akazi k'ubwigenge. Rero, "bulldog-10" gufunga okb "gukenera ihinduka rya batteri inshuro 1 gusa, na" fort "yicyitegererezo cyisosiyete" yuni-fort "mumyaka 2-3.
Ariko kubabara umutwe cyane kubakoresha nikibazo cyo gukoresha mumitsi yicyubahiro. Niba ikoreshwa, urufunguzo rwose ruzahita rutanga aho gufunga. Inesley Rigel yimukira murufunguzo, noneho niki uzimya amashanyarazi ya ruglel? Buri gihe iyo ibi bibaye mu buryo bwikora, iyo urufunguzo ruzunguruka, umutekano wa electromenical ifunga ntabwo iri hejuru yubukanishi. Niba gufunga reigleel byigenga kandi bikora gusa kurufunguzo (Model7818 kuva Iseo), hamwe nubufasha bwamashanyarazi, intego zonyine cyangwa intego zonyine zirahagarikwa, tugomba gutwara ibintu byingenzi nicyitegererezo (cyangwa ikarita) . Ipt ibi bikomeje kuba ikibazo cyuburyo bwo kwinjira munzu ufite imikorere mibi mumashanyarazi. Ibibazo bikemurwa muburyo butandukanye. Ibyo ari byo byose, muri moderi yo kwinjirira abantu, abakora bose batanga amahirwe yo kwishyiriraho uburyo bwa silinderi. Kurenza cyangwa ntabwo - Umukoresha ahitamo.
Turashaka kongera gushimangira ko gufunga electromenical ari ikintu nkosora gusa cya electronics kandi ntabwo ikoreshwa ukundi. Mubikorwa, "electrocum" yitwa uburyo bwinzibacyuho hamwe na disiki ya electromenical, na elegitoroniki yo kugenzura. Kubera iyo mpamvu, urujijo rusanga, kubera ko ikiguzi cyo gufunga inshuro 2-3 munsi yikiguzi cyuzuye. Igiciro cya Mechanism yo gufunga kuva $ 20 kugeza $ 250 (Ibicuruzwa bihendutse byo mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba, mu Burasirazuba bwa Aziya, mu Butaliyani na Finlande), mu gihe Akuru yuzuye ibikoresho bitari munsi y'amadorari 200-400.
Gufunga amashanyarazi. Gufunga ibikururwa bikoreshwa na electromotors (imbaraga mubisanzwe 24v), biganisha ku kugenda kwa Rigl. Rero, mu cyitegererezo 8120 (abloy), urusaku rukurwaho mu nzu ukoresheje moteri, kandi tugera ku bikorwa by'isoko, kandi mu cyitegererezo mu mpeshyi, no mu cyitegererezo cyakuweho kandi gihindurwa na moteri y'amashanyarazi. Amaferi ya moteri 5525 acunga urujya n'uruza rw'ibiti icyarimwe. Biroroshye kuri disiki ishyushye, uburyo hamwe na swinging rigel, bikenewe kugirango ufunge inzugi zinyerera (urugero, Model5540 uhereye kuri effeff na 8812 mvuye mubugome). Uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga butanga imbaraga zikomeye kuri beel, kandi aba nyuma bakandamijwe nibibazo bikomeye. Cyane cyane yinyo yinyo mugihe yihishe imbere muri Riglel. Gufunga ibyo bifunga birashobora guterwa gufunga buhoro - bisaba amasegonda menshi.
Ibigo bya solenoid. Iri tsinda riracyari rito. Ibifunga bifite inkoni ikomeye yicyuma, iyo voltage ihabwa amazu. Gufunga neza gufunga, fungura umuryango ntibishoboka ("igihome" kuva "yuni-igihome"). Kubera ko ahantu h'ikibuga hanze kitagaragara, ntibishoboka kubihagarara. Nimbaraga n'intege nke ze. Niba hari ikintu cyabaye kuri sisitemu yamashanyarazi kandi ntamuntu uri murugo, umuryango uzacika. Mugihe uhambiye igihome, uburyo bwo gukoresha bugenda burushaho kuba impinja, ariko kurwanya hack biragabanuka cyane.
Amashanyarazi. Autonomomous electromenical all, ibice bikoreshwa nkinyongera kugirango ufunge imashini isanzwe. Hano hari gahunda ebyiri zo gukoresha ibishishwa nkibi. Ubwa mbere, bashizwe kumurongo wumuryango aho kuba igihome cyikigo (isahani hamwe nimwobo wa raglel), kandi bahagarika gufunga gufunga mumwanya wagutse. Ibikoresho nkibi bishyiraho ibicuruzwa byabo - imiryango yicyuma hamwe namasaha ya CISA Cisa. Sesame. Haracyariho abafunga latch yashyizwe ku muryango Jamb. Urugero, kurugero, moderi 142Hz6 na 342hz ukomoka. Ukurikije gahunda ya kabiri, latch yinjijwe mu gukurura abaziba kuruhande mu gufunga byinshi (vuga, sisitemu ya MMCODE it Mottura, mu Butaliyani). Muri iki gihe, inyungu za elegitoroniki ni "itagaragara": Ikigo cyahinduwe ntabwo gitandukanye nibidafite ishingiro, bituma bigora gukora hacker.
Niki Ikigo cyo gukoresha nki "Nyobozi"? Niba turimo tuvuga imiryango yinjira, igomba kugira imbaraga zikenewe, kurwanya inkware. Ibisabwa mu gufunga electromenical ni kimwe na mashini. Kugura gufunga, wige niba bigamije kwinjiza kumuryango winjira, kuri pori cyangwa icyuma.
Ibigo bifite amashanyarazi bihanganira nabi imyumvire yumuryango wa Canvase (stemperanny irasimbuka, uhereye kubitotsi). Moteri ya Rigel irashobora kunanirwa kubera kurenza urugero. Niba umuryango ufunze cyane, gufunga bizatakaza ubushobozi bwo guhita gufata. Inzitizi zose kuri shelegi cyangwa mu cyuho hagati y'umugozi w'igicurane kandi agasanduku k'ifaranga bizavuga ibikorwa by'igikoresho. Gufunga imashini, nubwo ntabwo ari byiza cyane, ariko rimwe na rimwe birababaje cyane.
Ku byiciro kure
Urashobora gukusanya ibice bigize sluis wenyine, kandi urashobora kugura ikigo cyuzuye aho bumaze kubakwa. Ibikoresho nkibi byitwa Automonomotic gufunga. Akarusho kabo ni "kuringaniza" ibintu byose bya sisitemu (nta mpamvu yo kumena umutwe, niba ikintu kimwe kibereye ikindi), hamwe nibisubizo bijyanye no kuvugurura. Hano hari sirens yigenga hamwe n "" sythtyloctric ". Kurugero, igikoresho "Nabat" (NPVF ""), kugabanya manipulation hamwe nurufunguzo rwingenzi mugihe (30-90c). Niba imipaka inaniwe, igikoresho kirashobora gutanga ibikorwa bikurikira (vial): Gushoboza Siren, kora kuri terefone ngendanwa, fungura kuri smulator ya lingerie cyangwa wohereze ikimenyetso cyo guhinduranya umutekano.
Guhitamo
| Icyitegererezo | Ubwoko bw'abasomyi | Tanga voltage kuva kumurongo wingenzi kandi uhereye kumashanyarazi yinyuma, muri | Agace k'ingenzi | Umubare wimfunguzo muri kit, PC. | Reba igikoresho cyo gufunga imashini | Soma Barbell | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Fort" ("Yuni-Hap", Uburusiya) | Infrared | 12-18 / 4.5 | Kugeza kuri1m | 4 (rimwe na rimwe kugeza 600) | Morse cyangwa Umukozi | - | 220. |
| "Bulldog-10" (Okb "Horizon", Uburusiya) | Chardchain gukoraho-kwibuka, infrared | 9 (ibiryo bigenga gusa) | Kugeza kuri metero 1 | bitanu | Gukata, silinderi | 20000. | 130. |
| "Sesame" ("Sesame", Uburusiya) | Ikarita ya Proxy. | 12 | Kugera kuri metero 6 | Bane | Ifaranga | - | 200. |
| "Pitar 95g200" ("Picar", Uburusiya) | Ikarita ya Proxy. | 12 | Kugeza kuri cm 10 | 5 (Rimwe na rimwe ugera kuri 200) | Hejuru | 30000. | 287. |
| HT24EUR. (Tesa, Espanye) | Ikarita ya Magnetic | 6 (ibiryo bigenga gusa) | Twandikire | Kugeza 1000. | Ifaranga | - | 365. |
, witondere urutonde rwuzuye. AimNno: Ku bwoko bw'abasomyi, umubare wanditse urufunguzo rwinjira, ubushobozi bwo guhuza senormoni yumutekano no kwagura sisitemu.
Ingorane nyamukuru mugushiraho ibifunga bya elegitoronike bibaho mugihe cyo kuzamura insinga zihishe mumuryango winkwi. Kubwibyo, birashobora kuba ngombwa gukora binyuze kumuyoboro kugari wose k'umuryango. Kubera ibibazo bijyanye nububasha bwo gutanga amashanyarazi, nibyiza "kwitabwaho" mugushiraho ikigo nogure mbere yo kugura umuryango.
Niba umuryango uri kurutonde, tumenyeshe Uwakoze uteganya kwishyiriraho ingufu. Noneho isosiyete izatuma umwobo kuri kabili hambere, kandi kugirango igishushanyo cyurugi kitababara. Niba ushaka gushiraho gufunga kumuryango wicyuma urangije, menya neza ko uzagisha inama abayikora, bazasaba uburyo umugozi ugomba kurengana kugirango utagabanuke imbavu zo gukomera.
Nibyiza gushinga ishyirwaho ryibifunga bya elegitoronike ukoresheje impongano zihamye mugushiraho sisitemu yo kugenzura. Igiciro cya serivisi nkiyi muri Moscou ni $ 20. Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe amaba bashinzwe amahanga batanga garanti gusa iyo bashizemo abacuruzi babo babiherewe uburenganzira.
Ingero zo gufunga hamwe na disiki ya electromencal
| Icyitegererezo | Ubwoko bw'ikigo | Gutanga voltage, muri | Reba | Ubwoko bwubu buryo bwibanga | Ibiranga | Igiciro, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Malysh 7" ("Atos", Uburusiya) | Amashanyarazi | 12 | Ifaranga | Cylinder | Imbaraga za Rigel kuri lapier- 12000n (1200kgs) | 55. |
| 17685.48.A.C5 (CISA, UBUTALIYANI) | Amashanyarazi | 12 | Ifaranga | Suwalid | Amashanyarazi yacunzwe Latch, 4-Port Riglel | 130. |
| 8120 (ABloye, Finlande) | Moteri | 24. | Ifaranga | Cylinder | Gufungura gahunda Gufungura 2-15 s | 700. |
| Dl-3 (Transax, Koreya) | Amashanyarazi | 12 | Hejuru | Cylinder | - | 37. |
| El-370A (MING-Yang, Tayiwani) | Amashanyarazi | 12 | Hejuru | Cylinder | - | 26. |
Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki muri dosor
Niki gifunga, abantu bose barabizi, ariko abasomyi (abasomyi) bafatwa nkigitangaza. Rero, umusomyi nigikoresho kibona ibimenyetso byashyizwemo, bikatangwa haba kumuyoboro wa radio, cyangwa mugihe uhuye nibiranga (kurugero, gukoraho-kwibuka cyangwa kuva kumurongo wintoki. Menya neza ko amazu ari meza gukoresha abasomyi ba kure cyane (infrared, imiyoboro ya radiyo). Batandukanye mu buryo bwo kohereza ibimenyetso (radio umuraba w'imibare ya saa 125khz, 13.56 MHz na 2.45 GHZ cyangwa imirasire y'imirasire) n'uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho. Uburyo bufunguye burashoboka (Igikoresho gikosowe kuva hanze yumuryango cyangwa katouflage munsi ya buto yo guhamagara, ikintu cyumutange, nibindi) no guhisha (imbere kurukuta).Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho birimo abasomyi w'amakarita ya magneti, amakarita ya vigand hamwe no gukoraho-kwinjira cyane, kubanjire neza (hafi) -caltity) -capre ya kure. Muri "abikorera", amakarita yo kwiyemeza akoreshwa, aruta kuramba no kwambara amakarita yo kurwanya magnetiki kandi akwemerera gusubiramo kode (idashobora gukorwa hamwe namakarita ya vigand). Aya makarita akorera. Umusomyi yagereranije imirasire ya electomagnetique yincikere runaka. Niba ushizeho ikarita ya proxy mumaso y'ibikorwa byabasomyi, microcircuit ikora, yubatswe mu ikarita, kandi igisubizo cyerekana amagorofa ya electromagnetic yimisombe runaka hamwe ninshuro zihabwa umusomyi. Imashini yibuka-yibuka ni iry'ubuhanga - bigomba gukoreshwa cyane kubasomyi, nuko bataboroheye cyane (nozzle abasomyi ubwabo bafite ibikoresho bihendutse kandi bizewe, akenshi bigisha ibikoresho byingo yumujyi).
Abasomyi bizima barimo gutanga ibitekerezo, bakurikije ibyanganijwe inzobere, bizahita bishakishwa cyane mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Kumenyekanisha umuntu mubiranga physiologique yihariye (uburyo bwa papirar yintoki, isura ya geometrie hanyuma ihanagura intoki, imiterere yo gutwi, imiterere yijwi, imiterere ya ADN, nibindi). Muri make, umugabo ubwayo ahinduka urufunguzo. Urutonde rwicyitegererezo cyabasomyi ba biometric arigumbitse cyane. Abasomyi ba Scanner bari muri sisitemu yo kugenzura biometric kwinjira muri sensure na sensar, T-Netix, Isosiyete yigihugu, Morphone (Ubudage), Ubufaransa), Ubwongereza), LG electronics (Koreya yepfo). Muburyo ushobora kuvuga Handkeyii (Umusomyi wa Geometrie yavuye muri sisitemu yo kwemeza isosiyete yabanyamerika), abasomyi bamyuga, muri Koreya), muri Koreya yepfo), muri Koreya yepfo), Ubuyapani).
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gusoma nibyiza gukoresha? Igisubizo: Amatara. Imiyoboro ya radiyo y'ibikorwa bidasubirwaho ni bihendutse (igiciro gito - $ 50-60), byoroshye gukora, ariko kwizerwa kwabo ni bike, nuko baha ibikoresho byogufasha hamwe ninzugi zinjira. Ibyiza bya anteni zabo birashobora "kwihisha" munsi yumuryango Trim, imbaho y'ibiti, plaster, beto. Inyenzi zir ntirushoboka kuko zisaba uburyo bworoshye bwimbuto zatewe nigikoresho cyo gusoma. Hamwe no kwishyiriraho hihishe hejuru yinyuma yumuryango ukomeza kuba muto (diameter 1-2 mm) umwobo. Abasomyi ba Vieximity hamwe nibiranga imirasiri yizewe, ariko ikiguzi cyubu tekinike kirenze $ 150-200. Abasomyi bizima barashobora gutanga ibanga ryinshi, ariko ugereranije kandi bafite umutekano muto urwanya kwangiza.
Ibyiza byibicuruzwa bya IR birimo ibintu bigoye gukuramo amakuru utabifitiye uburenganzira, keretse uwakiriye yahishe cyane munsi yumuryango kuri trim. Ubwiza bwabo ntabwo bushingiye kubaturanyi hamwe namasoko yubukorikori bwa electromagnetic cyangwa ibyuma. Abasomyi ba hafi bakeneye kwigunga ingaruka zingabo zicyuma. Rero, mugihe ushyiraho proxy abasomyi VXS-5 kumiterere yicyuma, vizasi (Isiraheli) irasaba gukoresha umurongo utari muto ufite ubwinshi bwibura 1cm. Ibikoresho nkibi birashobora kumva neza umugozi wamashanyarazi (kurugero, kuri lift igiti inyuma yurukuta). Muri ibyo bihe byose, abasomyi begereye bazakora, ariko urutonde rwibikorwa byibicuruzwa bizagabanuka cyane (imbuga za santimetero zigera kuri santimetero nyinshi).
Gukumira ibimenyetso bya kode kugirango wirinde ikoranabuhanga rifite ishingiro. Byongeye kandi, code nyirizina irabitswe kugirango buri kohereza umuyobozi wa Mafchain ni code zitandukanye kode. Mubyongeyeho, code nyirizina igarukira kubijyanye n'imibare. Guhagarika ibimenyetso biba ntacyo bisobanuye, kuko bidashoboka guhanura ingingo ikurikira izatera gufungura (gusubiramo byoroshye ibimenyetso byambere ntabwo bizaganisha kubintu byose). Iri koranabuhanga rikoreshwa, kurugero, muri "bulldog-10" kuva kuri "horizon" okb.
Ku muryango winjiza nibyiza gukoresha ibiranga gito kandi biciriritse (kugeza 13m). Kongera urwego rusomero rusaba kwiyongera kwibimenyetso byibimenyetso, nkibisubizo byingenzi byiyongera-kuranga ikirangantego, gukenera gukoresha isoko muri yo (bateri), bigabanya ubuzima bwibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, ibyago byo gutinza ibimenyetso byiyongera hamwe na radiocan byiyongera, kandi gufunga ni ugukoresha inzira nyir'ubwite.
Urukurikirane rw'imibereho rwerekanwe neza ku buryo bworoshye bwo gukora sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho byo kugenzura bifite amashanyarazi. Umutegarugori umwe wagize uruhare mu rwego rwo guha ibikoresho iki gikoresho "ubwinjiriro bwa serivisi" ku mbwa munzu ye. Gufunga bikwiye, umusomyi wihuse kandi uburyo bwo gufungura urugi bwashyizwe ku rugi ruto ruto, kandi ikarita y'ingenzi ikarakara ku mwobo. Rero, inyamanswa zo murugo zabonye amahirwe yo gufata urugendo mu busitani mugihe icyo gihe cyoroshye, ntuhungabanya ba nyirabyo.
Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga igikoresho cyo gusoma ni ubwoko bwa protocole (uburyo bwo kwemeza no kohereza amakuru), bishyigikira. Igenzura rishinzwe kugenzura igenzura rikoresha protocole nyinshi - Wiegand, amafaranga 485, RC-232, Ethernet. Ibisanzwe - Vigand (Wiegand). Birumvikana ko gufunga cyane protokole ikoreshwa, ariko niba ejo hazaza nyirayo ashaka guhuza ifuro rya elegitoroniki mu kigo kimwe cyumutekano mu kigo kimwe, bidahuye birashobora kuba iyi nzitizi.
Ntabwo shoraya yose ntabwo yimura ubushyuhe buke kandi buhebuje. Ariko, ibintu byihariye bya sisitemu byatejwe imbere kumurimo mubihe bikabije (urugero, abasomyi bemewe bo mumajyaruguru na miniprox kuva hid). Niba uteganya kwinjizamo gufunga cyangwa umusomyi ku muryango wo ku mihanda, reba pasiporo y'ibicuruzwa kandi urebe neza ko bishobora kwihanganira ubukonje n'ikirere.
Hano hari umutekano
Ni ibihe byiringiro byo guteza imbere inzuki zo mu rugo? Abahanga bizeye ko ejo hazaza hashyizweho uburyo bwo kwishora mu buzima bwa buri munsi "mu rugo rwubwenge." Iki nigikoresho cyibikoresho byo murugo Uhujwe numuntu usanzwe wo gutunganya amakuru. Ikibanza kiriho ntikizongera gufunga kugiti cye, bizaba ibice bya sisitemu imwe yo gukurikirana uburyo bwa kure, hamwe nibibazo byo kugenzura amashusho, impuruza, etc. Sisitemu yinyubako zubuzima bwubwenge tuzabwira ibyumba bikurikira.
Abanditsi bashimira isosiyete "Sisitemu ya AAM", "Sesam", "Sesam", "Kasito", "ihagarariye mu biometric", ihagarariye ibiro bishinzwe ubuyobozi kugira ngo bategure ibikoresho.