Incamake yisoko ryurugo rwinjira: Ibisabwa byibanze kumiryango igezweho, "anatomy", ibiranga inzugi zabakora, ibiciro.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyakadiri namasanduku yinzugi zakozwe mu muyoboro w'urukiramende (icyitegererezo "Bars Nimuke"):
1. Kwiyongera
2. Kubaka kubaka
3. Ikigo
4. Kurengera Gurinda Hinge-Yengeye Kurinda
5. Ubushyuhe bwimbere hamwe na Ijwi Isulator
6. Urupapuro rwo kurengera hanze
7. Kurangiza hanze
8. Kurinda inshoreke
9. Kuzenguruka
10. Ibintu bikomeye
11. Umwirondoro wo gukosorwa
Kwikuramo ibiti massaf
Usibye igihome, umuryango uwo ariwo wose ntirubuza valve
Gushushanya isura yinzu- icya kabiri cyingenzi cyumuryango wimbere
Isoko ry'inzugi zo kwinjira zatangiye kwiteza imbere mu mpera za 80 z'amazu ya 90, iyo ikibazo cy'umutekano muri "ukwakira" amazu "ukundi" gukomera cyane. Muri iki gihe, umusaruro w'ibi bicuruzwa ukurikiranwa n'ibigo byinshi bigurisha ibicuruzwa bigera kuri 300 buri kwezi no mu rugamba ruto. N'ikiguzi cyingero zitandukanye gishobora gutandukana kuva 100 kugeza $ 1500 no hejuru
Twerekana ibisabwa byibanze ko inzugi zigezweho zigomba gushyirwaho:
- Ubushobozi bwo kurinda inzu yo kugera kuburenganzira;
- Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ibintu bibi no kubahiriza amahame yubukwe bwurusaku, ni ukuvuga kuba "gukomeza urukuta";
- isura nziza; Ibyokurya no kwizerwa mugukoresha.
GOST nyamukuru, ukurikije icyo gihe cyemejwe n'inzugi zo kwinjira mu rugo, - R 51072-97, zitwa "imiryango ikingira." Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikoreshwa muburyo bushya bwateye imbere, bizamurwa kandi bitumizwa mu mahanga. Kurwanya umuryango kugeza kumeneka bigenwa no kwipimisha, ukoresheje ibikoresho bikwiye, amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, bugabanijwemo ubwoko n'amasomo. Kubyiciro, uwabikoze atanga ibiranga tekiniki birambuye hamwe nibishushanyo byibicuruzwa, kimwe nicyitegererezo cyatoranijwe. Ikizamini ku mahugurwa kigena igihe umuryango ufunguye cyangwa ufunguye rwose mugihe ukoresheje ibikoresho bimwe. Ibikurikira, igihe cyibizamini kiragwizwa nigikoresho kinini cyibikoresho hamwe numubare wimyangagaciro shingiro yibikoresho byose byakoreshejwe byongewe kuri iki gicuruzwa. Igisubizo nigiciro cyo kurwanya hacking kandi umuryango uha urwego rukwiye rwuzuye.
Kugeza mu Burayi kugeza ku Burayi, nta gahunda rusange yo kwemeza (mu buryo bw'inama) imiryango ikingira, ariko mu 1999. Kubihugu bimwe, byarashizeho. Ihame rishya ryunze ubumwe, Otirishiya, Ubudage n'Ubuholandi na Buholandi bitwaga ENV 1627-1630 kandi ritangira gukurikizwa guhera 2000. Interguture nayo ikorwa ibizamini byumuryango 3. Kandi imiryango ubwayo yigabanyijemo ibyiciro 6 kubujura (aya masomo asobanurwa, nko mu bashyitsi b'Uburusiya, ubwoko bw'ibikoresho by'agateganyo). Usibye amajwi, amasomo aracyafite inyuguti (a, b, c, d, e). Kandi icyiciro cya mbere cyurwandiko ntabwo cyahawe, kubera ko bivuga imiryango isanzwe yimbere ifite gufunga mortise. Byongeye kandi, imbaraga zo kugwa. Amasomo na E bashinzwe ibicuruzwa kubigo bya banki. Imwe muri prototypes yinyandiko nshya yari iyambere yubutaliyani unitaliyani ya UNI9569, yagaragaye mu 1989.
Ibisobanuro kuri gost r 51072-97
Urugi rurinda ni urwanya igikoresho cya Hacking kigizwe numuryango nimyenda ihamye. Umwanya uzamuka ushyirwaho mu gasanduku ukoresheje igikoresho cyo gufunga cyangwa uburyo bwo gufunga bihuye nicyiciro gito cyo kurwanya imiryango yibikoresho byindangagaciro (ukurikije GO 50862).Uburyo bwo gufunga ni urutonde rwibikoresho byose byo gufunga hamwe nubutegetsi bwamashanyarazi (bollards, casov, nibindi), gutanga gufunga imiryango.
Hacking-ibikorwa-ibikorwa, bigamije guhungabanya ubusugire bwumuryango cyangwa ibintu byinzego zayo kugirango ubone igice cyangwa cyuzuye kugera kubibanza birinzwe nabyo.
Kurwanya ubushobozi bwumuryango kugirango urwanye inkwanga, bigaragarira mubiranga byinshi bya EU.
Kwinjira igice nigisubizo cyo kwibasirwa nicyiciro cyikizamini giteye ubwoba cyibipimo byashyizweho mucyumba cyimbere kinyuze mu mwobo.
Kwinjira byuzuye, no gusiba umuryango, ukingurira ubugari bwimigero byibuze 300mm.
Nibyiza kongera gushimangira ko amasomo yo kurinda asobanurwa nuburengerazuba bukoreshwa no guhura byimazeyo hamwe nikirusiya kubera itandukaniro muburyo bwikizamini.
Uyu munsi, ibigo bike byo murugo nabacuruzi ba producers batumijwe mu mahanga byemejwe nibicuruzwa byabo, nubwo iki ari ikibazo cyamadorari igihumbi (igiciro cyo gufata cyicyitegererezo cyimiryango itandukanye). Ikigaragara ni uko kwemeza gutegekwa ku muryango byinjira bidasaba amategeko, gushyira mubikorwa byayo ni kubushake. Abagurisha benshi, bavuga ibyemezo kubicuruzwa byateganijwe, akenshi bitiranya icyemezo cyumusaruro ubwabwo (Ikoranabuhanga ryikora) hamwe nibicuruzwa nkibi. Byakozwe kubyemezo rusange byatuma buri muguzi agenda byoroshye ku isoko kandi ntabajije umugurisha ibibazo bidakenewe, ejo hazaza ni ukugura gusa ibipimo byinjira bishingiye kuri interineti, bikaba bigura gusa ibipimo byinjira bishingiye kuri interineti, bikaba bigura gusa ibipimo byinjira bishingiye kuri interineti, bikagurira gusa ibipimo byinjira bishingiye kuri interineti, bikaba bigura gusa ibipimo byinjira bishingiye kuri interineti, bikaba bigura gusa ibipimo byinjira bishingiye kuri interineti, bikaba bigura gusa ibipimo byinjira bishingiye kuri interineti, bikagugara gusa kubipimo byo kwinjiza, icyiciro cyibicuruzwa, igishushanyo, na Ibisa.
Usibye abashyitsi, ku muryango mu rwego rw'imiterere y'ubwubatsi rw'inzu, kubaka amahame n'amategeko bitangwa (bigabanijwe). Mubisanzwe, agace ni byibuze 2m2. Ion, nkurukuta, igomba kurinda icyumba kuva imbeho, urusaku n'intangarugero. Kwanduza hari amabwiriza yo kwishyuza urusaku, guhumeka no gukora mu bushyuhe, bugomba kugurwa ninzugi zaguze.
Ku nzu y'inzu, inzugi z'umuryango, ikirere kibungaburwa gihabwa agaciro ka GNN (kg / (M2)) kandi ntirenze 1.5. Urusaku rwisuku rwurusaku ntirushobora kuba munsi ya 30 db. Ibi bipimo bigomba kwandikwa mubyemezo byubahirizwa kumuryango wagurishijwe, niba byemejwe byuzuye. Kubijyanye no kwimura ubushyuhe, agaciro kayo gasobanurwa nkigiciro kingana na 0.6 uhereye kubimenyetso byo kurwanya urukuta aho umuryango washyizweho.
Indabyo zo Kugaragara k'umuryango, ihumure ryo gukoresha ni ibipimo by'ibiganiro bityo ntibigengwa. Kwizera kw'imirimo y'igituba kandi urugi ubwarwo rugaragarira mu nshingano za garanti z'umuganda cyangwa, nk'amahitamo, mu mategeko yerekeye kurengera uburenganzira bw'umuguzi.
Uyu munsi, umubare munini w'abaguzi b'Abarusiya bibanze ku kwishyiriraho imiryango y'icyuma kandi, byibuze, hamwe n'ibigo bibiri. Niba ucira urubanza igitekerezo cyisoko rya Moscou, usibye abaproducer yimbere, kimwe cya kabiri cy'uburayi cyita ku mutekano wacu. Abagurisha benshi bavuga ko bamaze igihe kinini batanze imiryango yo gutumiza gusa, ahubwo yamenyereye indwara z'ubuzima bwacu ndetse n'ubutegetsi bwabakorewe "inkoro" n '"amazu" yacu.
Dukurikije ubwiza bw'imikorere, ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa by'Uburusiya bitandukanye na bike mu mahanga - Gufunga ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga, fittings bikoreshwa, ibikoresho bimwe bigezweho byo hanze no gushushanya imbere. Byongeye kandi, imiryango yinteko yatumijwe mu bihugu by'Uburusiya (reka tuvuge ko inzira zimwe za Mul-T-Lock). Ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo bikorwa, nk'ubutegetsi, munsi y'ibipimo ku giti cye byo gufungura. Imiryango y'Abarusiya mubisanzwe iremereye mu mahanga. Kenshi na kenshi, ibi biterwa no gukoresha urupapuro rwibyuma rwibyuma mu gishushanyo (nk'itegeko, amanota y'imiterere ari mu rubanza). Ibicuruzwa byabakora ibibirusiya birashimishije kuri gentio y "igiciro-cyiza", byujuje ibisabwa byo gusebanya kandi bitangwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gushushanya hanze, ariko no muburyo butandukanye, ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nibisubizo byikoranabuhanga.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwo gushushanya imiryango
| Ubwoko bw'igishushanyo mbonera | Icyubahiro | Ibibi |
|---|---|---|
| Ifu ishushanya urutoki rwicyuma cyangwa gutwikira firime ya PVC | Mu bukungu, kurwanya atonderwa | Amajwi adahagije; Kugirango uhuze hejuru kandi amabara yakurikiyeho asaba urupapuro rwo hanze hamwe nubunini byibuze 2,5mm |
| Isahani yoroshye MDF, yashizeho plastiki | Kwambara cyane no kwinjiza amajwi, guhitamo cyane ibara nuburyo bwo kurwanya ikirere | Kureba mbere (intambwe ikurikira nyuma yumuryango wa vinyl-uruhu hamwe na buto) |
| Isahani ya MDC ifite imashini ya CNC ku mashini za CNC, yashizeho firime ya PVC | Icyerekezo Reba, Kwambara neza no kwerekana ibipimo byumvikana, guhitamo cyane imiterere no gusya, kurwanya ikirere | Igiciro ni 30-40% kurenza mugihe cyo gusiga spane ya plastiki |
| MDF hamwe no gusya ku mashini za CNC zishushanyije na enamels | Ubwoko bukomeye kandi bukize, guhitamo cyane ibishushanyo n'amabara, harimo amabara, intangarure nyinshi, kurwanya ikirere | Igiciro ni 50-100% kurenza mugihe cyo gushushanya neza mdf parike ya pulasitike |
| Isahani ya MDF, Veneer Veneer hamwe no gushushanya imashini za CNC | Ikigaragara Reba, Amajwi meza | Isura yangiritse cyane nukuntu imiterere ya MDF igaragara mumazuru yindirimbo |
| MDF yuzuza panels, Veneer Veneer | Guhitamo cyane kubisubizo byuwashushanyije; Iminyururu yimbere yumuryango winjira irashobora gukorwa yubahiriza imiryango yicyumba; Ijwi ryiza | Nta garanti yo kurwanya ikirere; Igiciro kimwe- $ 200-300 |
| Panne zihimbano kuva 100% yinkwi zagaciro | Ikigaragara cyo kureba, guhitamo cyane ibisubizo byashushanyije; Ijwi ryiza | Igiciro kinini (Ikibanza kiva mu ntwaro ya oak - $ 250-600); Ibiti ni "ibintu" bizima, kandi ntamuntu uzaguha isezerano ko mugihe kizaza akanama katazacika (cyane cyane nyuma yigihe ntarengwa cya garanti kumuryango) |
Umuryango wa anatomy
Nk'uko tekinoroji yo kubaka amashanyarazi, imiryango yose irashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda atatu manini:- Hamwe nagasanduku hamwe nakadiri, bikozwe gusa kuva kumwirondoro cyangwa imbeho yazutse (inzugi zose zitumizwa mu mahanga no mu kirusiya).
- Hamwe nisanduku n'ikadiri kuva umuyoboro usanzwe urukiramende.
- Mubishushanyo bikoreshwa kandi bigoramye (cyangwa ubukonje-bukonje), na tube isanzwe yurukiramende.
Imiterere yumwirondoro igena gukomera no gutuza igishushanyo mbonera. Gukomera cyane "bifunze". Kurugero, umurongo ushubije umwirondoro, utoroshye, uduce duhurira hamwe, ni ukuvuga inguni; Inguni ebyiri zifatanije zitanga umuyoboro wurukiramende (ATO umaze gufunga), bikarushaho kongera kurwanya dilafortions. Ibindi biragoye imiterere ya geometrike yicyiciro cyambukiranya umwirondoro, ibice bifunze cyane, bikomeye nibikorwa bikomeye, bikozwe. Mugabanye umwirondoro wo gukomera gufunga (abaza urugi no mu gasanduku). Hamagara ibitekerezo ku bunini bw'igice cyumwirondoro bigomba kandi kuba neza kuko kubifunga bimwe, ubunini bujyanye na bundi bushya bwa Cavase yumuryango burakenewe. Gukoresha kubyutsa cyangwa ubukonje-bukonje bitanga imiterere yumuryango, hamwe numubare muto wo gusudira. Itezimbere ubuziranenge no gukora umusaruro.
Kumutwe wuzuye wumuryango hamwe nimpande zombi cyangwa kumpande zombi, impapuro zinyeganyega zirasudi. Mu mikorere ifite ibikoresho byiza cyane, ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere rikoreshwa mu rupapuro rukomeye rw'ubukonje, impande zikaba zinyerera ku buryo bw'amashanyarazi kandi akanama k'urugi hashize byose (by the way, cyane Abakora ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga biri muriyi nzira). Imyanda ishyigikiwe n'imbavu ziyobowe kandi yuzuyemo ibikoresho byo guhonyora ubushyuhe (ubwoya bwa mineral cyangwa impeta polyurethane). Ikadiri ya Xylovoy irasuye agasanduku cyangwa amasahani arengera igihome (hano uburyo bwiza ni ugukoresha ibyuma bya Mangane). Ibikoresho byuzuza bigira uruhare rwubushumba bwijwi kandi busuye. Minvata na Polyurethane igomba kuba fireif (ukuyemo guhitamo ibintu byuburozi kuri 800c hamwe no gushyushya).
Gufunga - ikintu cyingenzi cyigishushanyo cyurugi, kurwego rwibanga hamwe no kurwanya imitwe ya 90% biterwa nubutaturwa. Ibifunga byatoranijwe bitanga gufunga byinyongera kubera ko Rigger ya Retractable yarinzwe na Gucukura no gukuramo. Rigel igomba kwimurwa munsi yumurimo wurufunguzo kubuntu. Ibice bivuye hanze nimyanda ntibishoboka kuri raglel. Abahanga basaba gushiraho umutekano. Incaperalongs of Producers Abataliyani, iragaragara mumatsinda "umutekano". Muri rusange, ibigo - insanganyamatsiko yibiganiro bitandukanye birambuye, bityo tuzababwira muyindi ngingo yiki cyumba.
Urugi rushobora kuba hamwe na kimwe cyangwa bibiri (uburyo bwiza ni flayeri ebyiri), byanze bikunze bihabwa inanga zirwanya (bikwiranye). Urashobora kumanika umuryango wibigo bibiri cyangwa byinshi. Gushiraho ibirenze bibiri byateganijwe nibisabwa ku isoko aho kuba ibyangombwa bya tekiniki (ukurikije abahagarariye ibigo bimwe, "ibi ni inzira yo kwamamaza kuruta intambwe zifatika zo mu buhanga"). Mubyongeyeho, imiryango iyariwe ifata amafaranga make cyane yo kongeramo ikirenge cya gatatu. Ibibaya birashobora kugira ibisubizo bitandukanye byubaka, birashobora guhinduka cyangwa bitakunzwe.
Kurwanya urusaku no gutegura, kumenagura imizigo mugihe cyo gufunga, inzugi zigomba kuba zifite kashe kuruhande rwayo. Ukurikije ubujyakuzimu bwo gufungura, amahitamo yumuryango wa Carvase yinzuki yatoranijwe: "Flush" hamwe nagasanduku cyangwa "kugoreka". Ibicuruzwa byinshi byatumijwe bitumizwa mu mahanga birashizwemo "vansel" (muburyo bwimbitse), uburinganire bwo murugo bitewe nigishushanyo mbonera. Biragoye gukingura umuryango, kora "flush".
Uhereye ku ireme ry'umuryango n'amasanduku, ku bwumvikane bwo kwishyiriraho igishushanyo mbonera, imbaraga zo guhuriza hamwe biterwa n'ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa uhisemo gukora igihe kirekire kandi ufite ibibazo. Agasanduku karashobora kugira ifishi ifunze kandi ifunguye (p-shusho). Mu mateka rero byabaye ko aba nyuma baranga imiryango myinshi itumiza. Mubyongeyeho, mumuryango wabakora abanyamahanga, agasanduku akenshi kabazwe. Hamwe nigishushanyo nkicyo, Ikadiri yamashanyarazi (Kwishyiriraho) hashyizweho ikadiri yo gufungura, hanyuma uwitwa Sthatcorob isanzwe ifatanye. Iki gisubizo kigufasha gushyira neza agasanduku no guhindura umwanya wururyango ubwacyo mugukingura. Ariko ibi biri muri ibi: Agasanduku kakoko karahagaritse kuba igishushanyo kimwe.
Ubuso bwo mumaso kandi bwimbere bwumuryango burashobora kugira igishushanyo gitandukanye, aho igiciro cyibicuruzwa gishingiye ahanini.
Impapuro nziza zo gushushanya mdf hamwe nigikorwa cya oak moscow zituruka kubitekerezo byimiterere yibikorwa byose bikwiye kwizera. Capnels yuzuyemo ubwoko bwagaciro, icyizere gito, kuko birashoboka rwose kubona ikoranabuhanga rikorwa neza. " Umusaruro wa MDF watumijwe mu mahanga uhenze kuruta Ikirusiya inshuro 3-4.
Abarusiya b'Abarusiya
Gukura amarushanwa bituma abakora bahora bahora bateza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryibikorwa, kunoza ibisubizo, gushakisha "umuguzi wabo nuburyo bushya bwo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa kumasoko. None, bumeze burya kandi ni bande b'umuryango "umuryango"?
Niba ibikomoka kuri byose byatumijwe mu mahanga ari bibi, hanyuma abakora ibirusiya batanga imiryango yamatsinda atatu (ukurikije umwirondoro washyizwe mubikorwa).
Hano hari ibicuruzwa byasohotse ibishushanyo bidasanzwe bihari. Kurugero, Prom Petersburg End "Sol" itanga imiryango idafite inanga zitegereje (Ikimenyetso cya Avan-Shying). Mu mwanya wabyo, mugihe ugize umwirondoro mubikoresho binanama, ibimamara birwanya ubusa bikozwe amaherezo yumuryango wa Cavase. Yashubije groove iraboneka mumuryango. Inzugi zirwanya umuriro zigira ikindi kirango: Ubwa mbere, muri perimetero yo muri canvas, uruzitiro rwa chace "." (Uburusiya) Icya kabiri, ingano yimbere yibabi yumuryango yuzuyemo isahani yo kwirinda ubushyuhe bwa con Lit-150 cyangwa Rocwool (Danemark). Ikarita yubushyuhe irananirana kuri 100 ° C kandi irenze rwose ogisijeni kugera mucyumba, idatanga umuriro. Uwakoze umwe atanga icyitegererezo cyambaye. Igiciro cyurwo rugi kigeze kumadorari 1.300. Ibisabwa bidasanzwe ku miryango ibiri-ibirindiro byibatswe muri St. Petersburg, aho amazu menshi ashaje afite gufungura cyane. Hanze, St. Petersburg yerekana byoroshye - Ikariso yabo isanzwe ikorwa muburyo bw'abigitugu, ibihe.
Ku isoko rya Moscouga imiryango myinshi kuva muri sosiyete "faryian" (Yoshkar-ola). Zikorwa gutembera, bityo rero ugereranije urwego rwibiciro ($ 280). Urutonde rwicyitegererezo rugizwe nuburyo bune bwibanze numurongo umwe. Umucuruzi munini w'iyi sosiyete ni "ibinyomoro bikomeye" - byatangiye guteza imbere umuryango w'umusaruro wawo. Ibuka interuro yamamaza "umuryango ku izina ryerekana" inyamaswa "? Iyi niyo shusho yubucuruzi". Hard Ereshk "Hasi" Ikomeye Hano hari impinduka. Ubwa mbere, muri Igishushanyo mbonera cyagasanduku, kwiyongera kwakozwe muburyo bwagasanduku. Imiterere yundi muntu ufunze yahise yongera igikapu cyamasanduku. Icya kabiri, gikoreshwa no gufunga haratangwa. Icya gatatu, Isosiyete ijya mubucuruzi rusange.
Loop "ibishishwa" ntibireba "ibinyomoro bikomeye" gusa. Hamwe nibikoresho bya tekiniki byumutungo wuburusiya, mugihe byinshi bikozwe "kumavi", iyi mirongo igutera koroshya urugamba kumuryango no kumasanduku. Igishushanyo mbonera cya loop cyihariye kandi gipanwa muburyo bwacyo. Ibicuruzwa "Ibishishwa" birashobora kwihanganira imitwaro minini cyane idafite imitekerereze, nta gusubiza inyuma, ntukemere gukubita, ntukeneye guhiga. Abashushanya "ibinyomoro bikomeye" byagenze no kurushaho: Batwaye imirongo ku nkombe z'ibabi ry'umuryango n'inyuma, "uruhuke hasi". Rero, uburemere bwumuryango bwimuriwe hasi, ubuzima bwumuzingo bwiyongera.
Imiryango yo guhaha Ikirango "Legio" kuva kuri DUED nayo ni urugero rwibicuruzwa, umusaruro watangiye umucuruzi, ariko umaze gutumiza ibicuruzwa. Isosiyete, nkuko imibare yo kugurisha yegeranya, yaje gusobanukirwa ko ibishushanyo mbonera byigihugu, ariko "kubiciro byikirusiya," bizarushaho gusaba kubaguzi. Gutangira rero umusaruro watsinze ibicuruzwa byawe bwite.
Icyitegererezo "icyuma kivuga ku gishushanyo gishya cy'imiryango n'ikadiri. Agasanduku k'urugi n'indege ifungura bifite ikibazo cyo kwemererwa. Hamwe no kugwa gusa mu gufungura, urugi rwongera kurindwa gukomanga no kumena mugihe habaye inkuta zaciwe.
Ku mateka y'abantu bakuru mu Burusiya, isosiyete y'umuryango "Sesam" irashobora gukurikiranwa n'iterambere ryo kugura ibisabwa mu myaka 15 ishize. Ipatansi ya mbere yo gukora imiryango isosiyete yakiriye mu 1987, B1991. Yiziritse ku mapantaro ku bigo byayo. Gukoresha gufunga ibicuruzwa byatangiye kuva mu 1992, kandi gushiraho amabuye agenzurwa na radiyo byagaragaye muri iki gihe. Ikintu cyubaka imiryango "sesame" ni ugukoresha ibizunguruka byihishe byateguwe kumahame yimodoka, biragaragara gusa mugihe gufungura. Ibigo biboneka nkibikoresho byoroheje byubukungu ($ 265) hamwe no kubahiriza uruhu rworoshye, urupapuro rwicyuma cya 2mm rwa 2mm, urupapuro rwibinyabuzima imbere ninzugi zo murwego rwibitabo. Hano hari ubwoko bwimirongo 3 yumuryango butandukanye mugushushanya oxo na loops. Byongeye kandi, muburyo bushya bwimiryango yinjira "Sesame" ikoresha "itagaragara" na bloks ya imashini ifunga (hamwe nitsinda rya kabiri ryitsinda rya ADRA. Kubijyanye nibicuruzwa byabo "Sesame" bishyiraho Atra Ubutaliyani bufunga, bufite ibintu byoroshye-byoroshye. Nyirubwite arashobora kuyisimbuza mugihe yabuze urufunguzo, atabujije gufunga kandi atasenyeye umuryango.
Urugo rw'abaguzi bo mu rugo
| Ikirango | Uruganda | Umwirondoro | Ibiranga n'ibikoresho | Ibigo byiboneza byibuze |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Avan-gard" | "Prom" (St. Petersburg) | Yunamye | Ikimamara gikurwaho, kirashobora gutangwa muri verisiyo yo hejuru, yibanze ku mpande ebyiri, imbaga ya St. Petersburg, ibikoresho bike, igiciro- kuva $ 450 | Mcm (Espanye), Kale (Turukiya) |
| "Inzugi zivanze" | "Inzugi zivanga" (Moscou) | Inanga + impanda | Ibikoresho byiza byikoranabuhanga hamwe, gukora panel ya MDF, ibikoresho byatumijwe bihuriye, ibyuma bivuye kuri 3 kugeza kuri 3 kugeza kuri 3-bifite agaciro ka "Igiciro-Cyiza" | CISA (Ubutaliyani) |
| "Swirrel" | "Bel-K Icyuma"(Moscou) | Impanda | Kwemezwa hakurikijwe icyiciro cya I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-II-II-II-II-II-II-Icya gushiraho | CISA. |
| "Gartantap5" (Turukiya) | "FARDIAN" (Yoshkar-ola) | Yunamye | Umwirondoro Uhejuru P5, Icyuma 2mm kumpande zombi, Umuyoboro wateye imbere utanga pake yagutse, igiciro - kuva $ 400 C Yashyizweho (Castle yabakiriya) | CISA, Mottura (Ubutaliyani), Kale |
| "Umukecuru" | "Crystalsk" (Noginsk) | Ubukonje | Agasanduku gashya k'ibishushanyo, "Ibinure" - Ubunini bw'amababi y'umuryango nta nkombe z'inyuma 75mm, urupapuro rwa 130m, uburemere bwa 130Kg, igiciro kiva ku $ 650 | Cisa, Mottura. |
| "TOUGERIE" | "TOUGERIE" (Moscou) | Gnutosvary | Analogue yumwirondoro wa P5 kuva "garyini", ariko afite umutekano mwinshi, ibyuma kuva 2mm kumpande zombi, kunyerera "ku nkombe z'umuryango | CISA. |
| "Legio" | "UMURIMO WA DUED" (Moscou) | Ubukonje | Imikorere myiza, Ikirusiya Analogue yintangarugero itumizwa mu mahanga, ibyuma 1.8-3mm kumpande zombi, imirongo ibiri yo guhinduka, igiciro- $ 370-700 hamwe no kwishyiriraho | CISA. |
| "Sesame" | "Sesame" (Moscou) | Impanda | Icyuma 1.5-2.5mm, kashe ebyiri, plaque ya MDF hamwe na Veneer Kamere cyangwa Ubukorikori, Plastike na Laminate, gushushanya ifu, ariko ahanini amadolari 500-800 | ATRA (Ubutaliyani) |
| "SONEX" | Sonex (Moscou) | Impanda, yunamye, yunamye + pipe | Ibyuma bike bya karubone 1.5-4mm cyangwa intwaro 4-6.5mm, inyama zinka ebyiri, zirangira (otisky uruhu rwimbaho), igiciro- kuva $ 400-800 | Motura, Cisa, Kale, Mul-T-Gufunga |
Abanyamahanga - Abarusiya
Inzugi za Gerda (Ubwongereza-Polonye) zikorerwa muri Polonye. Urutonde rwicyitegererezo cya gerda rufite imiryango 4, 3 muriyo igurishwa mu Burusiya. Ikintu cyihariye cyibicuruzwa ni ugukoresha molekale (diffusion) gusudira no gukoresha ibigo byumusaruro wa Tytan hamwe nibanga rihinduka 4,294.967.296 urufunguzo rwurufunguzo). Amateka, inzugi za Gerda zikomoka mu nzego za Isiraheli zagurishijwe neza mu Burayi bwo hagati uhereye igihe 80. Ibiranga, kimwe n'inzugi zose zinjira muri Isiraheli, ni agasanduku gajizo iyo bishyiraho gufungura. ITo nubwo buri ruhande rwagasanduku rwometse kurukuta mumanota 8-12 kubintu byinguzanyo cyangwa inanga.
Urugi rwa Isiraheli rwibicuruzwa bya Mul-T-Gufunga, Super-Lock na Magen bifite ibikoresho byaranze bigamije guhuza uburebure bwumutwe (byateye imbere kuri 7cm) , kandi biratandukanye na misa nto (bingana na 70Kg). Moderi mul-t-gufunga cyane-gufunga byubaka. Gukora imyenda hamwe ninteko imigenzo ya Mul-T-Gufunga yashinzwe muri Zelenograpp. Hariho moderi zise zingenzi zifite icyiciro cyo kurwanya hackib. Inzugi za Magen zakozwe muburyo butanu, zirangwa nitsinda ryitsinda hamwe nubunini bwa canvas.
Ati: "Abataliyani" bashyikirizwa natwe ibishya nk'ibi nk'Ubusitani, Databuja, Mineva, Torterrollo n'abandi. Reka dutangire na shebuja, kuko muri iki kirango harimo ibyiciro bimwe na bimwe byabaturage ba AK-47 na Zewusi. AK-47 Amagambo agaragaza ko adakenewe, azwi na benshi, byihutirwa. Ariko biragaragara ko adafite imbaraga zo kurwanya imiryango ya Ak-47! Irapima 450 kg, iraza abisabwe, ikorwa munsi yubunini bwumuryango wumukiriya kandi azamutwara (kwinjiza) $ 4000 $. Zewusi arashobora kurwanya pistolet ya TT, PM na Ultrasound. Uru rugi biroroshye kandi byubaka bisa na AK-47. Tangira igiciro- $ 2500. Kubindi bisigaye, abakiriya bake cyane batangwa nimiryango yo kwicwa-kwicwa cyane hamwe nu muganga wo hanze wa Oak Veneer (Baseline).
Ibicuruzwa bya garsea bitandukanijwe nijwi rikomeye. Agasanduku, nkimiryango myinshi yubutaliyani, igihumwe. Ku isoko ryikirusiya, izo moderi zitangwa muburyo bwo gufungura.
Mu cyiciro cya moderi zidahenze, umuryango uva muri porte uhuza (delta) ushimishije cyane. Kubijyanye nimyumvire nto, panel yakozwe kuva muri Laminated MDF itangwa. Imirongo irahinduka kumashoka atatu. Kuzuza imbere imikorere ya Canvase igizwe na polyurethane idahwitse. Izi miryango itanga garanti yimyaka itanu. Ijambo ry'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ni amasaha 6.
Inzugi za mineva zipima kuri 120Kg. Icyitegererezo muri Minerva gitangwa hamwe na panel yo hanze yuzuyemo oak veneer cyangwa ibinyomoro bya tangiac. Ifite agasanduku katagira ingano, bifatanye no gufungura mumanota umunani. Agasanduku katwikiriye ifu yirabura enamel. Kugirango utegereze uzakora umuryango ufite panel yo hanze ya aluminium.
Uzuza urutonde rwa "Abataliyani Abataliyani mu Burusiya" Tornderolo. Ihuriro, izi miryango isa nigalide, ariko hariho moderi ifite ikintu cyavuzwe, urukurikirane rwibihe byihariye rwabakinnyi batejwe imbere na Biro ya Baapti Piniste Pinpharin. Igiciro cyibicuruzwa bishushanyijeho paninfarin panels irashobora kuba $ 3500-6500.
Hano hari isoko ryacu kandi imiryango ya Espagne (urugero, ikirango cya Artevi). Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa byiza, byiza, byiza.
No mu Bugereki, ntabwo ari amakoti ya Brandy gusa, ahubwo yatuzaniye imiryango ya Dossio. Icyitegererezo - 10, ibipimo- 60, kurinda icyiciro - III. Ito, hamwe nuburyo bukomeye bwo gushushanya. Muri rusange, utanga isoko yitwaye neza kubisabwa. Uruhu rw'umuryango wubaka wiki kirango birashoboka cyane kuri Espagne Artevi.
Ibiranga nyamukuru byinzugi zitumiza
| Ikirango | Gukora Igihugu | Igiciro, $ | Ibiranga n'ibikoresho | Ibigo byiboneza byibuze |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gerda. | Ubwongereza - Polonye. | Kuva kuri810 | Multichannel Lock-12rigels, Kwiyandikisha - Filime ya PVC kandi Yatanze Panel ya HDF, urupapuro rwubunini - 1,5m, imirongo yumuryango 4 | Titan. |
| Mul-T-Lock, Super-Lock | Isiraheli | Kuva 495. | Umutekano wa Kawa ufunga imivurungano, ifungura, Kwiyandikisha - Filime ya PVC, Yashize cyangwa Yubatswe, Shyiramo, Kwinjiza, Kuzuza agasanduku Beto | Mul-T-Lock, Super-Lock |
| Magen. | Isiraheli | Kuva 510. | Gufunga umutekano wimirwano 4 hamwe na RECELD, Gufungura FITRALS, KWIYANDIKISHA PVC, urupapuro rwinshi, 1,5mm, shyiramo, kuzuza agasanduku | Magen. |
| Gardea. | Ubutaliyani | Guhera 920. | Ikawa yumutekano ifunga, Rigel Yinyongera, Icyuma | Nucleo, Mottura (Ubutaliyani) |
| Shobuja | Ubutaliyani | Kuva 795. | Suwald Castle, inzitizi zinyongera, Impapuro zihitamo, Impapuro zishushanyije 1.8mm kumpande ebyiri, icapiro, guhinduka, kumurika, agasanduku k'ibigo | CISA (Ubutaliyani) Mottura |
| Ubumwe | Ubutaliyani | Kuva kuri 595. | Umutekano wa Cable Castle, Rigels yinyongera, Guillotine, Urutonde rwicyuma 2mm kuva hanze, guhinduka, agasanduku k'imiterere ya P, Gufungura, Vali | CISA. |
| Minerva. | Ubutaliyani | Kuva 1150. | Ikawa yumutekano ifunga, imbaho zinyongera, page iyo ari yo yose, urupapuro urwo ari rwo ruhago rw'impande zombi, ku mpande, 2 00board, imiterere ya bronoro | Mottura. |
| Torterolo. | Ubutaliyani | Kuva 875. | Umutekano wa Cable Castle, inzitizi yinyongera, impapuro zihitamo, Impapuro zishushanyije 1.8mm kumpande ebyiri, imirongo 3 yicyitegererezo, icapiro, P-Box | Nucleo. |
| Artevi. | Espanye | Kuva kuri 850. | Ibifunga bibiri (Umutekano umwe), Impiboro yinyongera, Imirongo yinyongera (Guillotine), Impapuro za Steel 2mm 2m | CISA. |
| Plessio. | Ubugereki | Kuva 980. | Umuyoboro w'umutekano, Rigel Yinyongera, Guillotine, Gufungura, Inkingi ya Misa, Impapuro z'ibyuma 2mm 2m kumpande ebyiri | CISA. |
Ikirahure nigiti
Imiryango y'icyuma, birumvikana ko, verisiyo nyamukuru yo kurinda amazu yacu, ariko na none itari imwe wenyine. Isoko ritanga amahitamo yo kwinjira mu biti, ikirahure.Alavus uruganda rwa Finlande rutanga inzugi hamwe nigitonyanga cyibiti biti, igiti gisanzwe, amashyiga ya milimeter 5-6. Igishushanyo mbonera gikozwe kuva icyapa cyangiza cya MDF, veneer cyangwa amatiku, yuzuye amavuta. Kongera ubujura mu masahani yo mu masahani, urupapuro rwa Aluminum rwafunguye n'ubunini bwa 0.5mm, no mu muryango w'umuryango, bikozwe mu biti bikomeye, byashyizwemo umwirondoro wa alumini. Nyuma yo gushiraho umuryango urashobora guhinduka haba muburebure no mubugari hamwe nudusimba twinshi. Uruganda rwa Alavus rutanga moderi hamwe nigishushanyo cyumwimerere cya mosaic kuva mubirahure. Ikirahure cyimbere-cyo guhitamo, bidashoboka. Inzugi zigurishwa hamwe na Abloy Castle idafite urufunguzo na linyoni, kugurana ushinzwe kugura bitandukanye. Ubwoko bwo hanze n'Ubuhagarariye. Ibicuruzwa bitangwa, nkitegeko, gutumiza na kataloge yisosiyete (moderi zirenga 40). Igiciro cyumuryango kiva kumadorari 385 (guhitamo).
Ku isoko rya Moscou Hano hari imiryango yaka ibirango bibiri byabataliyani: panto na albertin. Iya mbere ni verisiyo yumuryango winjira hamwe na lattice irinzwe. Ikirahure gifungura kumahame amwe nkidirishya. Gusaba ibiti, bivurwa n "" ubuki bwa amber ". Buri gadeli ifite izina ryayo: "Abaco", "Savoy", "Nadir", "Umujyi" n'abandi. Urugi rukorerwa kubisabwa kandi munsi yubunini bwuzuye bwo gufungura. Igiciro - $ 3000-6000. Urutonde rwa Albertin-Model y'urugo rw'urugo rw'inzu z'igihugu kuva ku giti cy'ibiti, Meranti. Igiciro - kuva $ 1000 kugeza $ 3000.
Kuva ku bakora ibirusiya, ndashaka kuvuga bel-ka na "isi nshya". Batanga inzugi zinyeganyega hamwe no kurinda muburyo bwa kato.
Kugihugu cyacu, umuryango winjira mubice nikintu kiva mu isohozwa bidasanzwe. Urugi rudasanzwe rwinshi ni ikirahure rwose. Ivumburwa ry selile yintwaro ryahinduye cyane ibitekerezo gakondo kubikoresho bikwiranye no gukora imiyoboro ikingira. Ikigaragara ni uko gukora no kugurisha imiryango yuzuye ibirahure bikozwe mu mazu arwanya ingaruka cyangwa intwaro idashyizwe kumurongo. Ibintu nkibi byashyizwe kumurongo. Kurugero, umuhanga ushikamye ushikamye asanzwe azwiho gutanga umuryango uva muri selile yintwaro (mucyo cyangwa matte) kumadorari 2500 hamwe nigihe ntarengwa cyamezi 3. Inzugi z'Ubudage ziva mu kirahure cye cya nyina kirasabwa rwose mu nyubako za Elite. Ibisubizo bitandukanye byatoranijwe muburyo bwurubuga bugufasha kwigirira icyizere, bizagufasha kubona ihuriro ryiza ryibishushanyo byurugoma kandi urugi ubwarwo.
Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora imiryango bigomba kugira pasiporo yuburozi-isuku hamwe nicyemezo cyisuku. Uruhu rwemewe rusanzwe rutangwa kuruhande rwimbere mugushushanya zirimo amakuru akurikira: ikirango cyakurikiranye na (cyangwa) ibindi bisobanuro byuruganda rukora; Ubwoko (Model) hamwe numubare wibicuruzwa bikurikirana; umwaka wo kurekurwa; Icyiciro cyo Kurwanya (Ibicuruzwa bikomeza ibizamini byubusasu birashobora gusobanurwa no kwegeranya ibicuruzwa byo guturika; ibicuruzwa byakomeje kwipimisha icyumba; Ibicuruzwa byakomeje kwipimisha
Icyo twabaza umugurisha
Umugurisha ni uwambere kandi akenshi umuntu wenyine ushobora gusobanura ibintu biranga ibicuruzwa wunguka. Ukurikije ubwoko bwumugurisha, amahirwe yo kugura ubwayo biterwa na kenshi. Kubwibyo, ntabwo, rimwe na rimwe gufata iyambere wenyine. Guhitamo hamwe nigiciro cyo kugura, tekereza kumahitamo yemewe kuri wewe kubishushanyo mbonera byinyuma no imbere mumuryango. Shakisha umugurisha aho ibigo byo kurinda bizashyirwaho kumuryango wawe, niba abana nabagize umuryango ukuze birashobora gukoresha byoroshye urufunguzo. Dugire icyo ukora mugihe unaniwe gufunga, aho ninde ushobora guhamagara. Ntiwibagirwe gusobanura igihe ntarengwa cya garanti cyashyizwe ku gihuru. Akenshi abagurisha bitwa igiciro cyumuryango nta kwishyiriraho. Kugura ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga, byerekana neza ibipimo byo gufungura kwawe. Shakisha niba isosiyete ishobora kwagura bibaye ngombwa. Mugure urugi rwinjira munzu yigihugu, tanga panel yo hanze kuva kuri chipboard na mdf ibyapa, bihinduka cyane kandi byubushyuhe byihuse kandi byihuse bizahita bibatera disrepair.
Ntabwo byashobokaga gusobanura ubwoko bwo gusudira agasanduku hamwe numuryango wakozwe (byikora cyangwa igice cyikora) cyatoranijwe. Kugaragaza ibirango byibyuma byakoreshejwe. Urugi rwinjira - Ibicuruzwa ntabwo bigoye cyane, bityo umugurisha agomba kumenya byose: Icyuma cya Steel, diameter yibishushanyo, ibishushanyo mbonera byimbere, urwego rwacyo Kwangiza, gutwika, gukora ubushyuhe, agaciro ka kagaciro k'ibigega, kandi icyiciro cyo kurwanya hack.
Ibi byose bizagufasha guhitamo neza no kuzamura umutekano no guhumurizwa murugo rwawe. Intsinzi yo guhaha!
Amashuri atuje kugirango hacking (gost r 51072-97)
| Ishuri rirambye | Agaciro kabuze, EU | |
|---|---|---|
| Kwinjira | Kwinjira | |
| I. | mirongo itatu | mirongo itanu |
| II. | mirongo itanu | 80. |
| Iii | 80. | 120. |
| Iv | 120. | 180. |
Imiryango yo kurinda igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho bya kera na c yo gufunga no gutanga ibanga ryo gufungura umuryango.
Ibanga ridashira (GOST R 51072-97)
| Icyiciro cyibikoresho bya Castle | Umubare wingenzi uhuza | Umubare wa kode |
|---|---|---|
| A. | 25000. | 80000. |
| B. | 100000. | 100000. |
Umubare wibikoresho byo gufunga birimo muburyo bwo gufunga, ukurikije icyiciro cyumutekano cyumuryango, ntigikwiye kuba gifite agaciro mumeza.
Umubare wibikoresho byo gufunga (GOST R 51072-97)
| Icyiciro cyo gutuza umuryango | Umubare wibikoresho byo gufunga | |
|---|---|---|
| Icyiciro A. | Icyiciro B. | |
| I. | imwe | 0 |
| II. | imwe | 0 |
| Iii | 0 | imwe |
| Iv | 0 | 2. |
Niba kurinda imbunda ziteganijwe, umuryango ugomba kubahiriza ishuri ryihariye rya pooletness.
Urugi rwitsinda ryigice (gost r 51072-97)
| Icyiciro cyo kurwanya pole | Ubwoko bw'intwaro | Calibber Amasasu, MM | Gutangira Umuvuduko, M / S. | Amasasu rusange, G. | Ubwoko bwamasasu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-1. | Pistolepm | icyenda | 305-325. | 5.9 | Igikonoshwa, hamwe n'icyuma |
| P-2 | Pistolett | 7.62. | 410-445 | 5.5 | Igikonoshwa, hamwe n'icyuma |
| P-3. | Autotiox | 7.62. | 705-725 | 7.9 | Igikonoshwa, hamwe na tralepoent core |
| P-4. | Sniper imbunda svd | 7.62. | 815-840 | 9.6 | Igikonoshwa, hamwe na tralepoent core |
Ibizamini byo kunegura no kurwanya gucikamo hamwe no gukoresha ibisasu byakozwe bisabwe numukiriya. Ibizamini bikorerwa amanota yicyiciro cya II-IV cyo kurwanya kwiba.
Abanditsi bashimira isosiyete "Inzugi zivanze", "umutwe-wa serivisi", "ikomeye Oreshk" kugirango ifashe mugutegura ibintu.