Urugi rwinjira neza ntabwo ari bose. Kurinda guhagarika kwinjira bidasanzwe, gufunga byizewe birakenewe.
Umutekano w'amazu, kuko Classivism ya Marxism yavuga, ni ikibazo cyo kubika ububiko. Ijwi ryacu ryatanye cyane mu gihugu cyacu "Abahegowe", niteguye gukurura ibintu byose biri ku mikurire y'inyungu z'inzu. Ariko, ntabwo abajura gusa batezimbere ubuhanga bwabo, ariko nabakora ibikoresho byo gukingira kandi umutekano. Nk'uko byakoze ku banyamwuga bishora mu musaruro no kwishyiriraho "ibikoresho byo kugenzura", urugi rwinjira neza kandi igihome cyizewe kizagabanya cyane ibyago byo kwinjira mu nzu yawe.
Icyitonderwa, inzugi zirafunga!
Ni ikihe gihome gishobora gufatwa nk'izewe? Reka tuvuge kubintu bye byihariye.Ibanga rinini. Iki kimenyetso kirangwa numubare wibishoboka byingenzi byingenzi. Ko kurwego rwurugo bisobanura umubare wimfunguzo ukeneye kunyura kugirango ufungure gufunga. Birumvikana ko ibisobanuro, birumvikana, ariko byerekana umutungo nyamukuru wibanga - ni hejuru, biragoye guhitamo urufunguzo rwikigo. Urwego rwo hejuru rwibanga ni gahunda ya 1 MLN nibishoboka byinshi bishoboka. Moderi isa iraboneka n'amasosiyete (Finlande), ASSA (Suwede), AZBe (Ubudage), "mu Budage)," "(Uburusiya), Mul-T Gufunga (Isiraheli), BODA (Ubudage-Ubudage), Nemef (Ubuholandi) n'abandi benshi. Ikigo gisanzwe "Icyongereza" gifite ibanga rito muri 1000.
Ibigo byatoranijwe cyane biragoye kandi byukuri. Ibisobanuro bito byuburyo bwo gufunga mumyaka yo gukora bishaje, kuberako gufunga bitangira gufungura gusa "urufunguzo rwayo", ahubwo rusa nacyo. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda iki kibazo, uburyo bwo gufunga bugomba gukorwa mu bikoresho birwanya kwambara.
Uburyo bugoye kandi "amayeri", uwubasiwe nuwitwa kure. Ibigo birashobora kuva mu muryango, imyitozo, nanone "abanyamwuga" bashoboye kurengamo livre. Kugira ngo ibyo bitaraho, kubona uburyo bwo gufunga buremerewe hamwe nuburinganire bwihariye bwo kurinda, burinda gufunga "ubwoko bwose bwangiritse" no gukomanga kumuryango.
Gufunga neza - "Agace kadasanzwe". Binyuzemo birashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe ifunga rya sisitemu (bihagije byinjijwe mubuhanga, kugirango nyiri muto amara ijoro mbere yo guhagarikwa numuryango). Kubwibyo, amahwa yo gufunga agomba kurindwa "kubona" (Turimo kuvuga igihome cyiza), kandi mugihe habaye ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose, byifuzwa kugira ngo ubashe kubasukura imyanda. Nibyiza niba nta mariba ya byose, nko mubikoresho bya elegitoronike, aho urufunguzo rutashyizwemo, ariko rukoreshwa mubuso bukwiye. Amariba arashobora gufungwa hamwe nabamugaye hamwe no gufunga umufasha cyangwa guhindura ibintu byoroshye, birumvikana ko bidafite imbaraga zo kurwanya rogues, ariko zizahagarara byibuze ingimbi. Hanyuma, biroroshye gusukurwa no kwanduza iriba ryindabyo zikikijwe (igikoresho cyabo kizaganirwaho hepfo), kikaba gikoreshwa cyane ku muhanda, aho gishobora kwinjira mumazi na shelegi.
Umuntu wese, byibuze rimwe mu buzima bwe, yatakaye "urufunguzo ruva mu nzu aho amafaranga abeshya." Nibyifuzwa ko igihome mubihe bidasanzwe bishobora gufungura (kutaboga ku muryango), nyuma yo gusimbuza igice cyibanga cyangwa kubisubiramo nta mbaraga nyinshi. Hano, mugihe cyo gukemura uku kwivuguruza, mugihe ikigo kitagomba gucika ku gutabaza, ariko bisaba kumvira nyiratatanye, kandi impinduka nyinshi zo gufunga inzenga zirahaguruka.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gushinga imiryango buboneka mumyitozo kenshi? Ni:
- Kuringaniza gufunga uwo mwashakanye cyangwa Lomik;
- Gukubita hasi na livwi ya silinderi ifunga imiryango ifite umuhoro.
- gusunika inzugi ukoresheje montage, Jack;
- Ubujura bwimfunguzo, gukora duplicates zabo "pin" (ntamuntu wahagaritse ikintu cyabantu, kandi abanyabukorikori bari mubacengezi);
- gukomanga inzugi zo gufunga hamwe n'ibice bikuru byo mu gihome (rimwe na rimwe birakorwa "nta maboko", intambara nziza);
- guhitamo urufunguzo ku funga rikwiye;
- Guhinduranya cyangwa bimwe mubice byayo.
Gukoresha amayeri bikundwa nibishinzwe ibibazo byose, acide yo gusesa amasoko, ibikoresho byihariye byonts ni bike cyane. Rogues igezweho izi ko byoroshye kuruhuka kuruta kwiba. Byongeye kandi, ntibakomeza gukurura hamwe na bo "ibikoresho bidasanzwe" bitandukanye, bidasanzwe inyungu zabo z'inshinjabyaha. Kubwibyo, kugura gufunga umuryango wimbere, ntuzibagirwe nibiba ngombwa kugirango urangize hamwe nintwaro ikirimba. Kandi ntiwumve, "ntukakure" urufunguzo rwawe, ntugasige kandi ntagenzurwa, gusa umwuga usuzume neza urufunguzo (utabanje gufatana neza.
Reka tuganire ku byiciro
Nk'uko GOST 5089-97, ku buryo buhamye bwo kwiba "gufunga", nk'inzugi, bigabanyijemo amasomo menshi. Icyiciro cyo kurwanya ingufu zigenwa nibizamini kumitwaro ihamye kandi ifite imbaraga, ifungura n'amasuka na hacking ukoresheje igitabo gikwiye, amashanyarazi. Muri byose, ibipimo nyamukuru byikigo ni iyindi somo cyangwa irindi shuri ritangiza, ripimwa nigihe gishobora "kurwanya" imbaraga zo hanze. Icyiciro cyo gufunga cyashyizweho nkibigeragezo bigoye. Kurugero, nubwo Mechanism ifite imbaraga za diyama n'ibanga ryinshi, ariko ifungura umukino mugihe kitarenze iminota 5, ishuri rye ntirizigera rirenga.
Gufunga urugo byashyizwe ku muryango w'inzego bigomba kugira icyiciro gihamye kitagabanuka, kandi niba tuvuga ibyerekeye "inzu aho amafaranga abeshya," byibuze III. Ntibishoboka kumenya icyiciro cyo kurwanya hack wenyine murugo. Biroroshye cyane kumenya iki cyerekezo cya pasiporo yifumbire, aho umurongo wicyemezo cyo guhuza byanze bikunze utangwa. Amakuru yemeza ko yiyongera kwinshi mubikoresho nigikoresho cyubwibone bwa buri wakozwe, kandi niba baburiwe kuri pasiporo, kandi nibishoboka rwose, gufunga ntabwo bigenewe gushyirwaho kumuryango winjira.
Usibye kurwanya imbaraga, ibifunga bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri (a na b) ku ibanga ry'ibipimo byerekana umubare w'ingenzi. Ibikoresho byo gufunga bigezweho bitanga ibanga ryifuzwa hamwe nuburenganzira buboneye. Icyiciro cy'ukuri gihuye na 25.000, hamwe n'ishuri b - 100000 urufunguzo ruhuza ukurikije GOST P 51072-97.
Byongeye kandi, umubare wibikoresho byo gufunga birimo muburyo bwo gufunga, ukurikije icyiciro cyumutekano cyumuryango, ntigikwiye kuba munsi yagaciro ka Gos (umubare wibikoresho bitangwa mu miryango yinjira muri " Umurinzi "Urugo rwuyu mubare).
Gufunga byose bigizwe nibanga na shingiro. Ibanga cyangwa kode yitwa Mechanism imenya urufunguzo (cyangwa yashyizwe kumurongo umwe cyangwa andi makuru akora nk'ibanga ryo kugera - Luster Oronronike). Igice Nyobozi ni uburyo bwo gufunga bugizwe n'insanganyamatsiko, imirasire (casov), imbaho na, muri rusange, ibigo byakuru, birasa. Igice Nyobozi biratandukanye ukurikije uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho, birashobora kuba nyir'imisoro, hejuru, umusanzu cyangwa washyizwe. Kubwibyo gutandukanya gufunga kuri mortise, hejuru, kubitsa no kumugereka.
Ukurikije igice cyibanga, gufunga bigezweho ni bitandukanye cyane. Ku rubanza rusange, bagabanijwemo ubukanishi, electromenical na elegitoroniki. Gufunga imashini ku nzugi zinjira, nazo, ni silinderi, suvaliid, code. Ibi bikoresho byose birasangirwa mugihe cyiza nibibi.
Ibiranga kandi birasabwa ahantu hakoreshwa gufunga (gost 5089-97)
| Icyiciro | Umutekano | Imbaraga zikoreshwa mubintu byo gufunga mugihe ugerageza imbaraga, ntabwo ari munsi | Kurwanya gufungura, ntabwo ari iminota mike | Basabwe Agace ko gusaba | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A.(Casov no gufunga panda) | B. (Uburyo bwa zerov) | In (Huza ikariso yo mumaso hamwe nurubanza rwa morserise) | ||||
| I. | Hasi | 2940. | 785. | 785. | - | Kumiryango wibyumba byingirakamaro hamwe nimiryango isanzwe |
| II. | Bisanzwe | 2940. | 785. | 785. | bitanu | Kurugikora urugi |
| Iii | Yiyongereye | 4900. | 1500. | 1960. | 10 | Kurunzugi zinjirije amazu, ibibanza birimo indangagaciro zimwe, kandi (cyangwa) bitwaje imbunda |
| Iv | Hejuru | 6860. | 1960. | 4900. | mirongo itatu | Ku muryango w'inzumi zamazu, ibibanza birimo indangagaciro zikomeye, kandi (cyangwa) bitwaje imbunda |
* - Ibigo byiri somo bigengwa nicyemezo giteganijwe.
Ntabwo ari ingofero, ariko muri silinderi ...
Cylinder gufunga, nanone yitwa pin cyangwa pinusi, no mu gitabo cyagutse, Icyongereza cyangwa Igifaransa, muri iki gihe gikunze kugaragara. Uruhare rwubuyobozi bwibanga rukinwa nigice cyo kwimura amapine, amasahani cyangwa disiki zifunze mu ibanga rya silinderi, nanone byitwa licor. Ibi bipimbo bigomba kubakwa murufunguzo rufite gahunda isobanutse muburebure. Urwego rwibanga rwifuro ruterwa numubare wibikinisho, aho biherereye imbere muri silinderi, umubare wibishoboka wo guhuza muburebure nukuri kwibikora ibintu byihariye. Hariho umurongo umwe, umurongo wikubye kabiri kandi ukaba mubi. Biratandukanye muburyo bwubaka amapine - kumurongo umwe, mumirongo ibiri, kuva impande eshatu cyangwa enye. Imirongo ibiri cyangwa imirongo ibambika igufasha kongera umubare wibinini byuzuye (ibikoresho byibanga rya Mechanism) utarambuye urufunguzo.
Ibyiza byo gufunga silinderi nuko kwiyongera kurwego rwibanga kwabo birashoboka bitabaye ikibazo gikomeye cya Mechanism. Silinders yakozwe n'uburebure bwa 30 kugeza 120mm, bityo ifunga rero rirashobora guhitamo imiryango y'ubwinshi butandukanye. Nibiba ngombwa, livre ya silinderi yoroshye yoroshye gusimbuza. Byongeye kandi, abakora benshi bakora ibikoresho byingenzi bitanga silinderi gufunga silinders yoroshye. Muri make, silinderi ifite ubunini busanzwe kandi bufite imiterere kandi birashobora gusimburwa byoroshye hamwe na hamwe, utitaye kubigo byabigenewe.
Yoo, amakosa ya silinderi yafunze ni ugukomeza ibyiza byabo. Igice cyibanga, mubyukuri ntabwo cyarushijeho kwiba hamwe na Bale, kirashobora kuba byoroshye gukomanga. Byongeye kandi, bafite kwirwanaho bidakomeye anti-vandal: umunyeshuri wishuri, yagumye muri livre, ashoboye kugukiza ibibazo byinshi. Byongeye kandi, hamwe nurufunguzo rwo kuva muri silinderi gufunga, birakenewe kwitonda - birashobora kunanirwa kuva mubishushanyo binini hejuru.
Ibikoresho bitandukanye bya silinderi ni ugufunga disiki. Igice cyibanga gikorwa muburyo bwa plates, inguni yo kuzunguruka ishyirwa mubukonje kurufunguzo. Iki gishushanyo gitanga ibanga rinini cyane (hafi miliyoni nyinshi zihuza) kandi rigora cyane no gufungura gufunga ukoresheje utubari. Igikoresho hafi ntabwo kigira ingaruka kumukungugu, umwanda, ubushuhe nubukonje. Ibibi by'ibifunga bya disiki birasa na silinderi yose, intege nke zo gukomanga, imyitozo n'ubundi buryo bw'ingufu zigize ingaruka. Ingutu zisanzwe za disiki yumusaruro wa ABloye (Finlande).
Impano kuva Persia
Suwald gufunga muburyo bumwe ni ikinyuranyo cya silinderi. Gufunga - Gushakisha uburyo bubaho muri bo kubera urutonde rwisahani ya suvald, yatunganijwe ku rufunguzo rwimyanya yasobanuwe neza, yemerera gusunika rigels. Suwald gufunga nuburyo bwa kera bwo gufunga amashini: bagenzi babo ba mbere bakoresha indi myaka 3 ishize mu Buperesi ya kera. Ariko, kubera ibiranga byiza byo kurwanya burglar na kurwanya kwangiza, ubwo buryo nkubu burarakunzwe kandi uyumunsi. Bafite ubwinshi buhagije, kuburyo ntabwo byoroshye gukomanga kumuryango. Urwego rwibanga ruterwa numubare wa suwald kandi nukuri kwikora.Kuva mubyiciro hamwe nubufasha bwashyizweho, ibikoresho nkibi birinzwe no kwiyongera k'umubare wa Suwald no kugorana imiterere yabo. Ibihe byigikari mu buryo butaziguye impande zurufunguzo rwurufunguzo. Nibyiza niba bagororotse, basize, badafite imigezi, birashoboka cyane, uburyo bwibanga burangwa nukuri kwibikora. Mubyongeyeho, uburyo bwo kubahiriza impinduka bukoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya Suvalde ya none yibanga ryiyongereye. Intera iri hagati y amenyo ahagije y'urufunguzo arashobora guhora cyangwa impinduka. Hamwe nintera ihoraho hagati yinyoni (encryption zihoraho), igitero cyoroshye cyane gufata ifumbire.
Ibibi by'ibikoresho bya Suwald birashobora kwitwa ibanga rito ugereranije (niba ubigereranije na silinderi ifunga), kimwe n'ukuri ko ari byiza koroherwa cyane no gufunga cyane Korohereza imirimo ya hacker hamwe nimyoya). Kubijyanye nubunini bwo gusimbuza, gufunga bigezweho bitangwa nibikoresho byinyongera. Bagira uruhare rwa silinderi yo gusimbuza, bakwemerera guhindura urufunguzo udasimbuye ikigo ubwacyo. Abakora batanga ibisobanuro bitandukanye byibi bikoresho. Kurugero, societe Mottura mu moderi ya N797 ikoresha abitwa nuclide, ni ukuvuga igice gisimbuye cya Mechanism hamwe na Suwalds yose. ATRA 6191 na NF09 na NF09 shaff yashyizwe mu mabanga ya Mia ugereranije na feri. Muri uru rubanza, transcodings tran Mechanism ibaho udasimbuye igice cya dealt. Hanyuma, CISA Gufunga (57966 cyangwa 17635) bifite ibikoresho byingenzi byo gusimbuza Carbio, aho nta gice gisimburwa na gato. Izi shusho zifite neza mugice cyimbere kugirango "urufunguzo rwa tekiniki" (ruboneka gusa kumuryango ufunguye). Mugihe winjiye, igenamiterere ryose rifunga "gusubiramo"; Guhindura, birahagije kwinjiza mu mazi nyamukuru ya CISA Ingoma iyo ari yo yose ya CISA hanyuma ufungure-hafi yo gufunga. Ibyiza bya sisitemu ya Carbio ni ukubura imbere yumuryango wimiryango iyo ari yo yose kugirango igere ku gice cyihishe cya Mechanism.
Kurwana Kubwiza
Abakora bamaze igihe kinini bagerageza kugabanya ibyiza bya silinderi na suvadden. Ingaruka z'izo mbaraga zagaragaye ibikoresho byahujwe. Moderi ya Plum murubanza rumwe yashizwemo uburyo bubiri bwo gufunga, suvaliid na silinderi. Suwald "asubiza" ku buramba bw'imashini bw'umuryango, kandi silinderi yerekana kugerageza gukundwa cyangwa gukoresha urufunguzo. Hariho ubwumvikane bwumvikana kandi bushingiye gusa. Uburyo bwo kohereza bukora mu bwigenge buringaniye (urugero, icyitegererezo 57.786 kuva CISA); Abishingiwe nigikorwa cyo guhagarika ibikoresho bimwe kubandi. Harahujwe byombi hamwe, pin-sureyie, aho urufunguzo rumwe rwibingenzi kuri suwalds na pin.
Gufunga ingisho zishingiye ku ihame ryo gukora ntabwo bitandukanye nimigenzo iyo ari yo yose yinjijwe mu rugi rumwe. Ibyiza byabo nyamukuru ni corps nini kandi irambye, nibyiza kurwanya ingaruka zikomeye. Byongeye kandi, kwishyiriraho gufunga kimwe ntabwo byagabanijwe cyane nigishushanyo cyikigo cyumuryango nko kwishyiriraho bibiri. Kubura ibikoresho bibiri muburyo bugoye buganisha ku kuzamuka mu giciro cyibicuruzwa - gufunga kabiri ni 10-20% bihenze kuruta gufunga ibyiciro byishuri rimwe. Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga ibikoresho byahujwe-gufunga nyamukuru (nkitegeko, suwald) abafasha ba catory (silinderi). Ibi byongera umutekano wingenzi kurugomo rwinshi nuburyo bwo guhitamo urufunguzo. Umugayiza azabanza "gukubita" gufunga umufasha, atangiza urufunguzo, hanyuma uyifate. Niba wakuyeho licor yifu ifasha, uburyo bwingenzi bwahita buhagarikwa.
Ubundi buryo bwo gufunga gufunga - gufunga pompe. Iriburiro Urufunguzo rufite ingaruka kumaduka, ntabwo ruherereye kumurongo wa silinderi, ahubwo ni diameter yayo. Ukurikije imbaraga zayo ziranga, funga funga hafi ya Suvalde, kandi ukurikije ibanga, Kidd. Byongeye kandi, ibyiza byuburyo bwo kuvoma birashobora guterwa nubunini buto. Ibibi ni ukuboneka ugereranije nigikoresho kugirango ukoreshe utubari.
Umubare wa code uhuza urumuri rwa Suwald ubarwa nka MN, aho MN ari umubare wibintu bitandukanye byo gukata kurufunguzo, kandi n- umubare wamabanga yigenga kurufunguzo (angana numubare wa suwald hamwe nurufunguzo ya symmetric no kabiri ingano - hamwe na symmetrical). Rero, niba muri lock 6suvald, urufunguzo rwisi, kuri enterineti zitandukanye, hanyuma umubare wa 1677216. Urufunguzo rwa Symém, urufunguzo rusanzwe kandi Kugabanya inenge bitandukanye bizaba ibanga 46, ni ukuvuga 4096.>
Electronics ntabwo ari imyitozo
Gufunga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki na electhique ntibishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'izumba n'inzu y'igihugu. Kenshi bashiraho abashoboye gusuzuma ibyiza byabo mumahoteri yinyenyeri nyinshi. Dukurikije uko byarwanyaga hack, ibi bikoresho ntabwo biri munsi yubukanishi. Byongeye kandi, bafite ibyiza byabo: kubura Keyhole, amahirwe yo kwishyiriraho no kwambuka urumuri no kwambuka byihuse. Ibifunga bya elegitoronike ntibisaba urufunguzo rushobora guhimbwa cyangwa gutsindwa. Muri uru rubanza, ibikoresho byo kugenzura bikorwa (ibihimbano birimo, scaneri na mudasobwa itanga indangamuntu), zirashobora kumenya ba nyirabyo muburyo bwa dactyloscopy, gutora cyangwa Iris. Ibibi nyamukuru byigihe cyo gufunga amashanyarazi. Ariko, birashoboka ko ari byiza ko elegitoronike mugihe cya vuba izakoreshwa cyane nkuburyo bwo gufunga bufite imbaraga hamwe nigihome gikomeye cyubwoko bwa Suwald. Ariko tuzagira ikiganiro cyihariye kubyerekeye izindi ebyiri.Ni iki kiri mu iduka?
Uyu munsi mwisoko ryimbere mu gihugu hari silinderi nyinshi hamwe nibigo bisukuye byabakora ibinyuranye. Igiciro cyabo kiratandukanye na minisitiri icumi rwamadorari amadorari magana. Imfuruka yigihe kirimo ibikoresho byakozwe mu Burusiya, Ubushinwa, Turukiya na Polonye. Igisasu cyabo ni gito, kandi urwego rwibanga. Moderi irahenze cyane (ifite agaciro ka minini minini) ikozwe mubikoresho byiza kandi bifite ibikoresho byinyongera byongera kurwanya kwiyongera. Kubwo kongera imbaraga, amapine ya Dumbbell (Ikon) akoreshwa mu kongera imbaraga, hejuru y'isahani y'icyuma, intwaro yinjizwa, irinda uburyo bwo gutwara, ndetse no ku rubavu runini rufunze (5 cyangwa irenga ). Gufunga byinshi bitangwa no gukurura kugirango ufunge umuryango wiyongera hejuru, kandi rimwe na rimwe kuva impande enye icyarimwe. Bakunze kwita gufunga umutekano mubuzima bwa buri munsi (kubijyanye na genalogiya hamwe nibikoresho bisa byashyizwe kumurongo hamwe ninzugi zivanga zo kubika amabanki), ntabwo ari ukuri rwose. Barbing Bolt yongerewe nigikoresho cyihariye, kurugero, ikiganza, nuburyo bwo gufunga bikosora imyanya yabo. Gufunga Imigaragarire (Reka tubihamagare) bigomba gutangwa kugirango tubarinde gukandagira, kubikoherereza muburyo bwagutse, bitabaye ibyo birashobora "kwiheba".
Guhitamo gufunga kimwe cyangwa byinshi, menya neza kuzirikana igishushanyo cyumuryango bateganijwe gushyirwaho. Iki gishushanyo kigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa imbaraga, hamwe nishuri ryitsinda ryicyiciro cyumuryango kandi gufunga bigomba kuba bimwe (ntacyo bimaze kwishyiriraho igikoresho-cyo gufunga cyane kumuryango, gakondo kiva mumpapuro zamagari). Kubwinjiriro ryinjira, birasabwa gukoresha Locksii, III cyangwa IV, icyiciro kinini. Ibifunga bimwe byashizweho kumiryango yicyuma, bimwe nibiti.
Muburyo bwo kwishyiriraho, gufunga bigabanijwemo mortise no hejuru. Gutonda bigora cyane mugushiraho, ariko ntugateze ibitekerezo byinama yumuryango. Ihuriro ntabwo ryuburasirazuba, ariko zisimburwa byoroshye nigice cyibanga cyananiranye. Byongeye kandi, kwishyiriraho gufunga hejuru ntibigabanya imbaraga zumuryango. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane niba umuryango wibiti kandi ugereranije, kandi usibye, bimaze kugira igihome kimwe cya muntu. Mubisanzwe, gufunga hejuru bikoreshwa mubihe bya buri munsi, byo gufunga gufunga, na burya, bigira uruhare runini. Ibishishwa byo kubitsa - ubwoko bwibikoresho byagaragaye vuba aha (bene, urugero, icyitegererezo 52.587 kuva Mottura). Bagenewe imiryango yicyuma maze bashyire imbere mumuryango unyuze mumufuka bashushanyijeho urutoki rwimbere rwumuryango. Mugihe kimwe, umwobo ukorwa mumwirondoro wanyuma wikadiri gusa kugirango irekure gusa riglel, ni ukuvuga, umwirondoro wacitse intege munsi mugihe ukoresheje ifunga mortise.
Byombi Mormise no hejuru yo gufunga birashobora kuba ingaragu na byombi. Ifumbire imwe ifunguye nurufunguzo kuruhande rumwe, kandi ku rundi ruganda rufite ibikoresho bya Rotary, urufunguzo rw'imihande ibiri ku mpande zombi ku mpande zombi z'umuryango. Cylinder Urubumbe rwinshi zifite silinderi ebyiri mumazu yabo, mubisanzwe bigira ingaruka kubiciro byabo. Ibiranga ibikoresho byombi ntibishoboka gufungura kuva imbere yicyumba nta rufunguzo. Irashobora gufatwa nk'icyubahiro (igihanga cya Foroter ntigishobora gukuraho neza mu nzu binyuze mu muryango wa TV ukunda), cyangwa nk'ibibi (urugero, mugihe hari abana bato cyangwa abasaza mu nzu ari bo adashaka kubura urufunguzo).
Kwishyiriraho gufunga gushya (gukinisha, kudakora) ni igikorwa cyiza gikwiye gisaba ubuhanga buzwi. Ibyiza muri byose, niba iki gikorwa gikozwe nuhagarariye isosiyete itanga isoko. Avtot isimbuza likinseri ya silinderi cyangwa ikintu cyibanga cya suwalde gishoboye rwose, kamenyereye gato, kamenyereye gato nubuhanga. Nka tegeko, licor igenwa numwe cyangwa ibiri. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ikintu cy'ibanga mu gufunga suwal 6191b (ATRA), N797 (Mottura) irahinduka gusa.
Kurinda, birumvikana, ntabwo biboneka kubuntu. Kubijyanye nibigo bihendutse byabaguzi bo murugo biri hagati ya 100 kugeza 300. Umutaliyani cyangwa Ikidage giciriritse-cyiciro cya silinderi gishobora kugurwa $ 20-50. Hafi y'ibigori bimwe kugirango uburinzi bwo kwirinda imbaraga. Hanyuma, icyitegererezo cyizewe cyane kandi gihenze cya Suwald na Silindere batwara umuguzi kumadorari 100-300. Ukurikije kubara ibigo bishora mu kugurisha no kwishyiriraho sisitemu yo gufunga, ibikoresho bivuye mu rukeke nyamukuru kandi ufasha hamwe no kwishyiriraho bizatwara hafi $ 200-400. Amafaranga ntabwo ari mato, ariko gereranya nibyangiritse byaganisha kubujura. Nkuko bivuga ngo, Imana yakijije ...
Abaturage ba Usssr bamenye ibyiza byo kwinezeza bukomeye bushobora kurwanya hacking, mu myaka ya za 70. Noneho ibinyejana bizwi "Finilande" byakozwe na Leyer byahawe igihugu cyacu. Icyitegererezo cya 451s cyabaye igipimo runaka cyikigo cyiza mu gihugu cyacu kandi gikwiye kubahwa cyane ku isi icyaha, babonye izina "stakiran".
Ubuyobozi bw'amabwiriza burashimira isosiyete "Sesame", "Ikirangantego", Trassintdf, Abloyoy kugira ngo afashe mugutegura ibikoresho.