Intoki ya Masonloces. Igikoresho no gutondekanya, kwishyiriraho, ibikoresho bya chimneys, itanura nubunini, tekinoroji ya Majorry.
Ikirwa cya Kirwa, cyaremwe mubintu bikunze gukoreshwa kubikoresho byakazi
Umuriro hamwe na tiles bikiza ubushyuhe
Ibintu byibanze byuburyo bwimiriro yakoreshejwe:
a - Kunywa itabi;
b - akazu k'umuriro;
muri - portal;
r - Ubushyuhe;
d - igishoro cyamababi;
E - drovnitsa
Mu gihugu igerageza kubyara ibihe bya AR-DEC, Umuriro ufite ifishi ya laconique, ikomera
Indambabyo rizana umwuka wigikorezo zo muri kilometero munzu igezweho. Ariko shyira ahagaragara urumuri nk'uwo ugomba kwitonda kugirango utarasa icyumba
Amazi yinkomoko ya kijyambere rimwe na rimwe ifite uburyo bwiza
Flode Froplace yo mucyumba cyo kubaho mu buryo bwabakoloni
Indege ndende
Nigute uhereye kumatafari y'urukiramendetse yakuze fibre ya hemisphesi - Ibanga rya Databuja
Umuriro nibyiza kurambika igikoresho cya etage nibikoresho
Guhinduranya ibice byinkoko bifite imiterere itandukanye yimiyoboro ya gaze. Urucacagu rwabo nubunini hanyuma ugire ibanga ryingenzi kugirango ukore imyitozo yakazi: 
Nk'uko amakuru y'ibarurishamibare avuga ko kuva 80 kugeza 90% bya banyiri amazu y'igihugu bifuza kugira cyangwa basanzwe bafite imishyinda mu rugo rwabo. Amashuri maremare kuri "abategetsi bashize" akenshi bigizwe na ntakintu mubibazo byo gushyushya. Umuriro ni ikimenyetso cyubuzima, gutuza, guhumuriza murugo. Niba ubishaka, agaragaza uburyo bwa Epicorean mubuzima bwa buri munsi.
Umugoroba umara kumuriro ufunguye ugurumana indimi zitema hejuru yumuriro ziroroshye, ariko umunezero uhanitse. Byongeye kandi, hakozwe ikirere cyiza ni igikoresho cyiza cyo guhumeka, cyumye umwuka mu nzu (ibi ni ngombwa cyane ko ahantu hashobora kuba ikirere kibisi). Ntabwo bitangaje kuba umubare wimihanda nisuku mumazu akura buri munsi.
Ariko icyarimwe, igikoresho cyumurinzi kiragoye kandi "witonda", bisaba kubara neza no gusohoza mubwubatsi. Mu rubanza, "kwibandaho muzima" birashobora guhinduka itanura rihora rishyirwa mu bikorwa no kunaniza. Hanyuma, amashyiga, nk'andi masoko yose y'umuriro ufunguye, ufite umuriro - wangiza kandi mu kutubahiriza amategeko y'ubwubatsi no kubazwa ashoboye gutanga ibibazo bikomeye kuri ba nyirabyo. Muyandi magambo, niba uhisemo kubona itanura, ibibazo bifitanye isano no kwishyiriraho, ugomba kwitondera byinshi.
Igikoresho no gutondekanya amashyiga
Ibice byose bigizwe nibice bitatu: firebox, portal na chimney. Itanura ryatandukanijwe nigishushanyo cya firebox. Ibipimo byo kubitsa birakinguye, ubugari, ariko buke. Ubu ni ubwoko bwa niche ikozwe mubintu bitunganya (amatafari, ibuye, icyuma). Bitewe nigishushanyo cyayo, amashyiga arashobora gushyushya icyumba gusa ningufu zigaragara zakozwe mugihe cyo gutwika lisansi. Muri make, batanga ubushyuhe gusa iyo umuriro uratwika muri bo. Ntibakeneye umwanya wo gushyushya imitwe nini, nkuko biri mu itanura, ariko bakonja vuba. Muri rusange, impapuro ntizihuza ibikoresho byo gushyushya cyane: imikorere yabo ni 10-25% (imikorere yitanura ryagenwe nigipimo cyingufu zubushyuhe zahawe icyumba, kungufu zishobora kuboneka hamwe no gutwikwa byuzuye lisansi). Kugereranya: Imikorere yitanura rya kijyambere rigera kuri 70-80%, imikorere yitanura ryikirusiya ni 20-30%.Kugirango wongere ubushyuhe bwibikoresho, inkuta z'imbere zitanura zigomba kugira ubushobozi bwo kwerekana. Kubwibyo, bikozwe neza kandi nibishoboka, kandi rimwe na rimwe tunywa umurongo wumuringa cyangwa stianion. Firecate ubushyuhe buvuga intiti inkuta zuruhande rwitanura zikorwa ku rukuta rw'inyuma. Muri iki gihe, ubushyuhe bugaragarira mucyumba ntabwo buva ku rukuta rw'inyuma gusa, ahubwo no mu rukuta rw'uruhande, kandi imikorere y'ibikoresho irazamuka ka 7-10%. Itanura rifunguye ryashyizwe mu matafari yononosoye hamwe n'ubugari bwa 5-6m. Ubunini bwurukuta ni kimwe cya kabiri cya Polikirpich.
Mu gice cyo hejuru cyicyumba cyitanura, ibaraza rya gaze risanzwe rikorerwa ("iryinyo"). Yirinda gusohora ibishashi bivuye mu muyoboro, arinda itanura kuva ku kirere kigenda gishobora gutera umwotsi w'icyumba no gusohora urunigi. Urugero rwa gaze ni ahantu soot ikemuwe, bityo rero inzira ya tray-umudozi irashobora gushyirwaho hano. Ariko, mubishushanyo byinshi "iryinyo" nta itanura rihujwe na chimney yumuyoboro wateganijwe (rimwe na rimwe bizarre geometrie). Muri rusange, buri firewall ifite amabanga yayo. Biroroshye (igice cyo hepfo yumuriro) ni cyo cyimbitse cyo gukusanya adsuched. Byongeye kandi, habaye urujijo nisoko yinyongera yo gutanga umwuka kubitanda (itanura ryurukundo hamwe na firebox ifunze).
Ibyifuzo Snipa 2.04.05-91 * "Gushyushya, guhumeka no guhumeka no guhumeka" byemewe mu 1997.
Igika 3.84. Ibishushanyo byubaka bigomba kurindwa gutwika:
a) hasi mu bikoresho byaka kandi bikomeye munsi yumuryango wa metering - urupapuro rwicyuma cya 700500mm, rutaha kuruhande rwacyo hejuru yitanura;
b) urukuta cyangwa ibice bivuye mubikoresho byaka kutagira inguni kugera kumatako yimbere, - hamwe na plaster hamwe na grid yicyuma cyangwa urupapuro rwicyuma kuri etage ya asbestos 80m hejuru yimpande.
Igika 3.86. Igorofa y'ibikoresho byatwitse munsi y'itanura, harimo amaguru, bigomba gukingirwa ku rupapuro rw'ibihimbano ku munyamabanga wa 10mm, mu gihe intera kuva munsi yitanura hasi igomba kuba byibuze 100mm.
Icyitegererezo cyose cyizuba kirashobora kugabanywa mumatsinda abiri: hamwe na firebox ifunguye kandi ifunze. Ikosa rifunze ni kamera ifite ibikoresho bya quartz yikirahure bihanganira gushyuha kugeza 800c. Izi miryango fungura kimwe gusa kuruhande, cyangwa kuruhande kandi uhagaritse. Amaherezo, bahabwa uburyo budasanzwe bwo guterura. Birumvikana ko bigoye kandi byongera igishushanyo cyubwubatsi, ariko imiryango isukurwa nijisho rivuye mumaso kandi iguhaye umunezero wuzuye mumuriro.
Amashyiga afite umuriro ufunze urashobora gukora muburyo bubiri: yazimiye cyangwa hamwe numuryango ufunguye. Umuriro ufunze ufite umuryango ufunguye ntabwo utandukanye na firebox ifunguye idafite umuryango. Avota hamwe numuryango ufunze, urashobora guhindura imigezi yumwuka winjira mu itara, kwirengagiza umwobo wo hasi. Gitoya ingano yindege, buhoro izajya gutwika. Kubwibyo, igice kimwe cyinkwi gishobora kuramburwa ijoro riremereye. Ubukungu bwikirere nkiyi ni hejuru cyane, birashobora gukoreshwa nkubundi bundi buko.
Niki Freery Freaplace ifite umusaruro mwiza cyangwa ufunze? Ibihugu bya CherMnnia na Scandinaviya, aho uburyo bwo gushyira mu gaciro bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bya lisansi byiganje, amashyiga yimiryango irakunzwe. Proszia, kubwimpamvu za aesthetics, zihabwa icyifuzo cyo gufungura imiterere. Amashyiga afite itanura rifunze ryashyizwe mu ngo zifite chimneys iriho, bityo ishyiraho nkibi ibikoresho nkibi byoroshye cyane. Binyuze mu mazu, umuyoboro wa chimney usanzwe wubakwa hamwe n'umuriro. Hano birakwiye ko kubaka itanura rinini rya Masonry rishobora kwihanganira umuyoboro uremereye (misa yacyo irashobora kugera kuri 2t). Itanura ry'icyuma kuri "ubusato" ntabwo rishobora. Kupakurura (metero ya acan ya chimney ipima hafi 200-250KG), ugomba kubaka inyubako yinyongera. Incase, igiciro cyumuriro ufite umuriro ufunze cyane gishobora kuba kigaragara (inshuro 1.5-2) hejuru yagaciro k'umuriro rusange, bitewe n'ubunini n'imitako, ni $ 2000-5-000.
Birumvikana ko ikibazo cyingaruka zumuriro numuyoboro wumwotsi hejuru yurwego rwinyubako cyangwa urufatiro ntigikemuka kumaso, ariko hashingiwe kubarangirwa nubuhanga. Bagomba kuboneka kubaruba mbere yo gutangira akazi. Nk'uko inzobere muri sosiyete "Kfelvit", niba ubwinshi bw'ikirere ubwabwo burenze 900Kg, burigihe byubwenge kubishyira muri etage ya mbere no ku rufatiro rwihariye. Mu igorofa ya kabiri hari ibishushanyo byoroshye kandi byoroheje, bitabaye ibyo ikiguzi cyakazi cyongera cyane.
Ukurikije aho hantu hashyizwe ahagaragara, bigabanyijemo byuzuye murukuta; igice cyubatswe murukuta (spray); ku kabuza; Urujijo; imfuruka; Ikirwa (giherereye hagati yicyumba).
Gushiraho amashyiga
Ahantu hateganijwe ko umuriro ugenwa nigisubizo cyubwubatsi bwibibanza byateguwe, igishushanyo cyinkuta, gahunda yo guhumeka kandi, birumvikana ko ingwate. Ukurikije igishushanyo cyinkike, amashyiga arashobora kuboneka kuruhande cyangwa yashizweho muri bo. Birasabwa gukoresha inkuta imbere cyangwa ibice byimbere mubikoresho byaka bitari bigenewe gushyira imiyoboro yumwotsi. Kuri buri flaplace isaba chimney itandukanye. "Gutera" imirongo ibiri iherereye ku magorofa atandukanye, Chimney imwe ari mu buryo budasanzwe, ariko mubyukuri. Ibyo ari byo byose, bizashoboka gusa kubikoresha. Ingano yo gufungura hanze itanura igomba guhura nubunini bwicyumba umuriro ushyizwemo (agace ko gufungura mubisanzwe bifitanye isano nigice cyicyumba murwego rwa 1:75) .
Umuriro ufunguye uva mu matafari ni imiterere nini cyane, akenshi ni ngombwa kuri yo. Urufatiro rwihariye rusabwa (ruzaganirwaho hepfo). Birakenewe kandi kuzirikana ibiranga guhumeka icyumba. Amashyita arahangagira nabi, ni yo mpamvu ari byiza kubigira kure y'imiryango, Windows n'ibimera. Uruhande rukomeye, umuriro urakenewe ahantu hahoraho kandi munini, bishobora gukumira amadirishya abiri-yakubise. Niba udasohoje ibyo bisabwa, umuriro uri mu itara uzatwika ubusa ndetse n'umwotsi. Ibibazo bidasanzwe hamwe nimitongamico bivuka mugihe ushushanya amashyiga yindege, "fungura umuyaga wose" kuva impande enye. Mu mwanya uri mucyumba cyifuzwa guteganya guhumeka ku gahato kugenzura chimney, hamwe no gukoresha ibipimo byayo.
Kandi nyamara ibyihutirwa mukubaka amashyi bigomba gufatwa nkifatwa nkibisabwa. Umuriro ugomba kurasa neza muburinganire, ibice hamwe nizindi nzego zo kubaka zikozwe mubikoresho byakamba.
Ibibazo byumutekano byumuriro birakenewe cyane mugihe ushyiraho amashyiga mumazu yimbaho. Ni ngombwa kwibuka: Amatara na Chimneys bigomba kuvaho intera ihagije uhereye muburyo bwose mubikoresho byakamba! Intera ibi bigomba kuba byibuze 250mm. Urukuta rukozwe mu bikoresho byatwitse biherereye hafi y'umuriro, birakenewe ko habaho ibikoresho bidahumanye, nk'impapuro za Asbestos cyangwa ngo zikorwe n'ibumba ry'imbaho cyangwa imibare myinshi ya silica.
Abanywa itabi kugirango babone murugo bafite kureba umuyoboro muremure uhagaritse urwambere mu binyejana bya V-II. Bc e. Na Roma. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibice byinshi byo gushyushya amazi mu bwogero bw'Abaroma byari bifite chimney. Ikirere cyoroheje cyemereye Abagereki, Abanyaroma n'abahagarariye indi mico y'isi ya kera badafite "umurwa mukuru" mu gace k'ahantu hanini.
Chimney
Chimney ni umuyoboro uhagaze kugirango ukureho urusaku kandi ushireho ibicuruzwa kuri lisansi yumwuka mwiza. Intego muri chimney ibaho kuberako ubucucike bwimiti ishyushye muri iri munsi yubusa bwumwuka wo hanze. Umuvuduko wimikorere yimbuto biterwa nitandukaniro ryubushyuhe bwumwuka ushyushye kandi ukonje, ndetse no kuva muburebure bwumuyoboro. Kubwibyo, Chimney, nubwo asa nkaho atoroshye yigishushanyo, ni imiterere igoye tekiniki, kubara neza aribyo - ibisobanuro byurubanza bwibikorwa hamwe nibikorwa byinshi bitazwi. Dore urutonde rwabo rugufi: ibipimo byo gufungura itanura hamwe nubujyakuzimu bwa portal; Ubugari n'uburebure bw'umuhogo wahumuriza; uburebure no kurenga ku muyoboro; Guhitamo ingofero isabwa kumuyoboro; Ibiranga kugiti cye nubutaka (Kumurongo, ubutumburuke, ahantu hafunguye, ikirere, umuyaga wazamutseho, kubaha inshingano zubushobozi bwuzuye, kandi muriki gice cya kubaka. Nkuko abubatsi ubwabo bavuga bati: "Amatafari hamwe n'umuriro ni umwihariko utandukanye." Amashyirahamwe atandukanye agomba kuzinga itanura, ntabwo ari umutware w'ivugurura.Kenshi na kenshi, imiyoboro ya chimneys frocey igizwe n'amatafari yatwitse. Ubushishozi bugomba kuba bworoshye bushoboka, hamwe nubunini bwa kashe, ntarengwa ya 5mm. Ikibyimba cya kashe, cyihishe kirimburwa mu bikorwa bya imyuka ishyushye. Amatafari, kujya gukora chimney, batoranijwe neza, nta gusohora cyangwa chosel. Agace ka Cross-Igice cyumuyoboro wumuriro kirenze urugero rwimiyoboro yumwotsi rwitanura ryimbaraga zisa. Kubwibyo, urumuri ntirushoboka ko hari ukuntu "gukurura" kuri chimney isanzwe. Umuyoboro ntarengwa wambukiranya ni amatafari imwe, cyangwa 130260mm. Uburebure bwa Pipes yimbuto (imbuto z'urubingo ku munwa) igomba kuba byibuze 5m. Ibyifuzwa ko imiyoboro yinyamanswa ishoboka ku nkoni yinzu hejuru kandi icyarimwe hejuru hejuru yinzu byibuze 500mm (iyo skate ikurwa kuri m 1.5). Uburebure bwumuyoboro bugomba kwiyongera (kugirango twirinde gutanga ibitekerezo), niba inyubako ndende cyangwa ibiti biri hafi cyane.
Chimney ndende izarema kwifuza cyane. Vtaka Inzonrood Inzozi zihita zicanwa. Kwishura imbere muri chimney, stabilizer yo gukurura. Ni valve, flap yo gufungura kubera icyuho gikomeye kandi gitanga uburyo bukonje muburyo bwikora. Niba umuyoboro wumwotsi, kubinyuranye, ni mugufi cyane, guterana kwabadahagije. Muri uru rubanza, birashoboka gushyiraho sisitemu yo kuvanamo umwotsi - Umufana wihariye urwanya ubushyuhe, yubatswe kumunwa (WHANDAGE) yumuyoboro. Umufana nk'uwo azatera icyuho cy'inyongera, kongera ibitekerezo bya chimney.
Umuyoboro wumwotsi ugomba guhagarikwa. Iremewe gutandukana na vertical kugeza ku mfuruka itarenze 30 hamwe na 1m itarenze 1m.
Nta bisabwa muri Filifire itagaragara byerekanwe kuri chimneys kuruta guhuza umuriro. Intera ntarengwa "OutFlow" (ibyo biva kurukuta rwimbere rwumwotsi) kubintu byinzego ziva mubikoresho byaka bigomba kuba 380mm. Imbere mu gice cya pisine unyuze hejuru, "roller" yakozwe - kubyimba mu matafari, bikozwe mu nzira y'umuyoboro wa Masonry. Ibisobanuro hagati y '"Roller" Amatafari hamwe no gukingirwa gukingirwa ni ubwoya bwamabuye y'agaciro cyangwa fibre ya silica.
Chimney agomba gukingirwa (uko bishoboka kose) hamwe no kwinjiza ubushyuhe kubera ubushyuhe buke. Ntigomba gupfunyika mu gihe cy'itumba kugira ngo ikaze ikorerwa ku rukuta rw'imbere. Mu rubanza rutandukanye, ibibazo ntibishobora gusa ku nkombe z'umuriro gusa, ariko nanone hamwe n'ubusugire bw'umuyoboro ubwabwo. Nyuma yo gukoresha imiterere, umuyoboro wumuriro ufunze hamwe na valve kugirango wirinde itota umwuka ususurutse mucyumba.
Korohereza ubworozi no gufata neza, ndetse no gusukura itanura, ibinyejana byinshi byakoreshejwe n'ibikoresho bitandukanye, n'inyungu bayobowe cyane vuba aha. Ibitabo birimo: Kocherga yo kumena amakara mo uduce duto; indobo n'amavuta ya lisansi; INGINGO N'IMOTO YIHARIYE YO KUBONA UNlewood; Brush ku ntoki ndende; Scoop. Mukemure ukoreshwa mukurinda hasi yimbaho yicyumba kuva amakara yaka. Na none, ibikoresho byuburiro birimo imitako zitandukanye hamwe nibibabi biherereye ku nkombe z'umuriro. Imitako iranga cyane ni amasaha adasanzwe.
Ibikoresho
Vuba aha, ibyo bita "sandwiches" bikoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho byo ku itanura no gutanura chimneys. Sandwich ni igishushanyo kigizwe na pisine ebyiri zishowe zashowe muri mugenzi wawe. Icyuho hagati yabo cyuzuyemo ubushyuhe bw'umuriro. Imiyoboro ubwayo ikozwe mubyuma bidafite imipaka.
Chimneys igezweho "sandwich" ifite inyungu ugereranije n'amatafari yabo. Biroroheye cyane, inkuta zabo zifite ubworoherane. KednoSoks igomba kuba irimo ikiguzi kinini nubushobozi buke bwo kwishyigikira. Ni ukuvuga, "Sandwiches" akeneye intanga zinyongera, umutwaro wo hanze ntabwo usabwa. Nubwo inkinzo nyinshi zubushyuhe, iyi chimneys irasaba (ukurikije hasi) ingamba zimwe zumutekano wamatafari nkubutatu bwibasiye urukuta rwaka (380mm ukuyemo urukuta rwurukuta rwa sandwich) na yitaruye. Ibi rimwe na rimwe "wibagirwe" abagurisha, ariko ntibazigera bagenzura umuriro.
Ibikoresho byinshi gakondo kuri chimneys no kwibanda-amatafari. Burnes nibisabwa cyane. Kubujura bwitanura igice cyitanura, aho amakara yamabuye, atanga ubushyuhe bukomeye, bukoreshwa namatafari ya chamotte avuye kuneka no gusya. Irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 1200. Umuriro, ukimenyetso ukoresheje inkwi, urashobora kuzinga uhereye kumatafari asanzwe atukura (yagenewe ubushyuhe bugera kuri 800c). Mu rukundo, amatafari agomba kuba meza, yatwitse neza, nta kosa cyangwa uburangare, akaba n'ikiraro kitari munsi yubushobozi bwo kwikuramo imitwaro kuri santimetero ya kare kuri santimetero kare; Hano hari ibirango muri M50 kugeza m300). Amatafari yatwitse neza afite ibara ritukura, biroroshye guterana no kureka Dazoniya, igabanyijemo ibice binini. Amatafari yagenzuwe, uwitwa Zheleznyak, atandukanijwe na Darker, hafi yijimye, ahantu mubuso bwa vitrewous. Biramba cyane, ubwacu ubwacu kandi duhuza igisubizo. Amatafari ahendutse, ku rundi ruhande, ibara, kugwa, asenyuka mo uduto, akurura amazi neza. Itanura ryatanura rigomba kugira imiterere yurukiramende rusa neza nuburyo bworoshye nuburyo bworoshye, nta guswera no kunyuramo. Ingano y'amatafari - 25012065mm, amatafari ya Chamotte - 25012365mm. Ingero zitandukanye zishobora gutandukana hagati ya buriwese: muburebure - 3mm, mubugari n'uburebure, 2m. Kuri Masonry ITAnura nigice cyo hepfo ya chimney, birasabwa guhitamo amatafari hamwe no gutandukana gake mubunini busanzwe kugirango ubone akazu keza cyane kandi kasam. Mu bakora amatafari meza, birashoboka kuvuga Oboli, Ryzan, Borovichi na Borovichovsky Amatafari Amatafari, kimwe na Lode (Lativiya). Impuzandengo yikigereranyo cya chimney yo murugo ya chimney ari amatafari 7-8. igice; Amatafari yatumijwe mu mahanga yerekeye amadorari.
Ikoreshwa rya kabiri ryamatafari ryabonetse nyuma yinyungu zisekejwe, kuberako abashinzwe ubushishozi "badafite uburenganzira" bwimiriro (Fondasiyo, kuruhande). Ariko yasabye gusa ko ibikoresho bitangiritse kandi byejejwe igisubizo gishaje. Ibice bimwe birashobora gukwirakwira mumatafari ahendutse cyangwa yangiritse. Ullow, Ubutambaro no Gukoresha umwobo kumirasire ya Masonry ntabwo byemewe.
Nkigisubizo cya binder, uruvange rwibumba, umucanga n'amazi birakoreshwa. Ku buryo bwa plastike, ibisubizo bigabanijwemo "uruhu", ibisanzwe nibinure. Muri "impungenge" hejuru y'ijanisha ry'umucanga, no mu "binure", ku rundi ruhande, ibumba. Ibisubizo "Byinshi" ntabwo bifite plastike nkenerwa, kandi imirongo ihabwa "ibinure" mugihe cyumutse. Kubwibyo, kumuriro wa Masonry, ibisubizo bisanzwe nibyiza. Birashoboka kumenya ireme ryibisubizo, gukora ibikoresho cyangwa kwamburwa umubyimba wa cm 1-2 hamwe nuburebure bwa cm 15-20. Niba wasaruwe mugihe ugerageza kunama, ariko birasukuye, Bisobanura ko igisubizo "uruhu". Igisubizo kiva mu gisubizo cya "Finty" kirambuye kandi ntigitanga ibice iyo uhindagurika. Harness ituruka kumuti usanzwe hamwe no kunama ibice bito, kandi iyo birambuye byongerewe na 15-20%.
Kubisubizo, birakenewe gukoresha amazi, ibumba n'umucanga nta byanda umwanda, cyane cyane kama, bizasenyuka kwambere bihuye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Umucanga nibyiza gufata quartz ntoya, hamwe na diameter yo kutarenza mm 1 (ntoya, ibice byoroheje byabonetse). Amazi yifuzwa gukoresha nkibisukuye, ntabwo bikomeye (bitarimo calcium na magnesium). Ibumba rikoreshwa kimwe no gukora amatafari. Kuri Masonry, Ibumba rya chamotte rikenewe ku matafari avuye mu matafari ya Chamotte. Kongera imbaraga z'igisubizo, Portland Cormes yongeweho kubara kuri sima ya 1l Portland ku ndobo y'ikigo.
Gushiraho Umuriro
Umuriro, nk'itanura, - Imiterere nini bihagije, akenshi isaba urufatiro rwihariye. Kubwibyo, nibyiza gushira itanura kubikoresho bya etage nibipimo, ako kanya nyuma yo kubaka inkuta shingiro. Urufatiro rw'Imiriro n'udukoko twatsi bakozwe mu matafari ya gari ya gari ya gari ya gari ya gari ya moshi, ibuye rya Boob cyangwa beto. Ubujyakuzimu bwibintu bigenwa nubujyakuzimu bwa primer yubutaka. Hagati y'urufatiro rw'inyubako no kororero bisaba icyuho muri 50-55m cyuzuyemo ubutaka. Birabujijwe Gutanda iyi mfatizo, kuko zishobora gutanga imbwehe itandukanye, yuzuyemo ibice mubucamanza. Ingano yishingiro muri gahunda igomba kuba yagutse shingiro ryimiriro (imiyoboro) na cm 10-15. Kurinda ibishishwa byumuriro kuva mu rufatiro, butambitseGukenera gutondekanya urufatiro rwihariye rusaba kwishyiriraho ishyirwaho ryakariro mucyumba cyuzuye. Nibyiza cyane kandi byoroshye kubikora icyarimwe hamwe nubwubatsi bwinzu. Kubaka amashyiga ku magorofa yo hejuru bigarukira ku bushobozi butwara. Kugira ngo usubize neza ikibazo, niba iyubakwa ry'Itanura rishoboka muri uru rubanza, kubarabunga ubumenyi bw'imiterere y'inyubako yose inyubako. Ihuriro rya Masonry risaba icyegeranyo kibanza cyatewe n'inzobere hose, byerekana aho amatafari atandukanye hamwe n'ibindi bintu by'igishushanyo - umuryango, Ashniks, n'ibindi Dukurikije ibiteganijwe, urashobora kubara umubare usabwa wibikoresho byubaka. Nk'itegeko, amatafari igihumbi abera ku nkoko ya Masonry yubunini buto.
Ubushishozi bwa Froceplasi busaba umurongo witonze amatafari mubyerekezo byose. Kugira ngo byorohereze iyi mirimo, imiterere igendanwa ikoreshwa ku nkombe zihagaritse. Mbere yo gushira amatafari kumurongo ukurikira, batoranijwe mubunini kandi byanze bikunze bagenzura imyambarire. Ikirahure kigomba kuba cyuzuye kandi cyuzuyemo igisubizo (icyiswe suture "kurenga"). Mu mwanya wa intra yatwaraga kandi intracerene, convex ya convex ntabwo yemerewe, ibisagutse byanze bikunze byakuweho. Mu bihe bya "bitagaragara" ikosora imyuka birashoboka binyuze mu nyanja, birashobora gukorwa "inlet" (bitarenze mm 10) - kugirango bakomeze. Inshinga n'impinduka za chimney hamwe n'inzitizi ya gaze bifunze, amatafari yometse ku buryo buzenguruka.
Ibintu byose byicyuma (inzugi, gukurikira Gride) bigomba gushyirwaho kubijyanye no kwaguka kwabo (5-10mm Szor). Ibinyuranye, icyuma kizasenya inyorry. Muri rusange, birakenewe gukoresha ibice bike bishoboka.
Birakenewe guhuza flaplace yumuriro, ibiti byicyuma ntibishobora gukoreshwa kuriyi. Umubare w'amatafari muri arch na rows muri arch bagomba kuba badasanzwe. Ububiko buri hejuru kandi buke, igice kinini, cyoroheje cyangwa bitatu hagati. Guhuza lisansi akenshi bishushanyijeho Portal yatoranijwe idasanzwe. Kubwo kurambara hamwe nibikoresho byo gukosora "gufunga", amatafari akeneye gutanga uburyo bugoye cyangwa kugabanya ibipimo byabo. Abanyamwuga bo mu rugendo rwa kera barashobora kugabanya amatafari mu cyerekezo icyo ari cyo cyose bafite inyundo cyangwa ibyuma; Ubupfumu bugezweho kuri ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane no kubona - "Bulugariya". Amatafari ya slap afite ubuso bworoshye, uburyo bwa kabiri ni bwiza. Birabujijwe kwishyura amatafari hamwe nintoki cyangwa uruhande rwimbere mu itanura cyangwa chimney, kubera ko imbaraga zaya maso iri munsi yabandi, kandi ubukorikori buzaba bwihuse.
Imigenzo ya pipeline
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'amashyirahamwe ya kijyambere kitangaje gutandukana kwayo, cyerekana uburyo bwose hamwe nubuyobozi bwubwubatsi buva mumabuye kugeza mu gihe cyumwanya. Nibyo, mubihe byinshi, urumuri rufitanye isano nubwenge bwacu hamwe nubwongereza bwa kera bwa Sherlock Holmes. By'umwihariko Igishushanyo mbonera cyibintu byabantu besters bazwi ba Avant-garisitani, nkumufaransa Dominic Imber cyangwa Umudage Hari ububabare ...
Naho imigenzo yo mu Burusiya, ikubiyemo igishushanyo mbonera cyamabati. Ni tile yoroheje yo gutwika amatafari yatwitse, yuzuye imbere yisura. Ingingo z'itanura ntizihura nazo, nk'uburebure, kandi zishyiraho mugihe cyubwubatsi - itara ryarangiye ntirizabirimbiye. Amabati yashyizwe kubisubizo kandi afatanye ukoresheje ibice hamwe nicyuma. Inganda zamatafari zanditseho amatafari isanzwe, oboli yavuzwe haruguru na Borovichsky, ndetse n'ibigo by'Ubudage, ibihugu bya Baltique na Scandinaviya. Usibye gushushanya, amabati akemura ikibazo gifatika cyo kwegeranya imbaraga zubushyuhe bwitanura. Kubwibyo, kurambika imirongo yumuriro bikozwe muburyo butandukanye (niba bigeze ku nkota, ntabwo bireba itanura - Amashyiga). Nibyiza cyane kuriyi ntego kugirango ukoreshe imbunda ziteganijwe kuva abakora byihariye.
Tegeka portal ikomeye yakozwe muburyo runaka, abakora batangajwe nibitekerezo bitandukanye. Gusa ingorane nuguhitamo neza ibipimo byibicuruzwa. Abakora benshi bashinzwe kuzimya umuriro ubyara muburyo bwo kwitegura urukiramende hamwe nintambwe isobanuwe neza (mubisanzwe cm 5-10). Bibaye ngombwa, isosiyete izaba iri ku rutonde rw'ubunini ubwo aribwo bwose, ariko igiciro cyacyo kizaba 20-30%. Muri rusange, igiciro cyumuriro wumuriro kiratandukanye cyane kandi giterwa ahanini nibikoresho bikorerwa. Rero, imyanya yuburyo bwigihugu irashobora kugura amadorari magana, hamwe nisosiyete ya societe ya Espagne Arriaga kuva kuri onyx itunganijwe cyane kuri onyx isanzwe amadorari ibihumbi. Byongeye kandi, bamwe mubakora, amakuru arambuye yinkofu yakozwe hakurikijwe ibishushanyo by'amahanga, ariko biva mubikorwa byo murugo, ariko bivuye mubikoresho byo murugo no guterana kurubuga rwo kwishyiriraho. Mugihe kimwe, umukiriya arashobora guhitamo icyitegererezo ukurikije kataloge no gutanga umusanzu mubikorwa byimpinduka. Vitunga stylish ikintu cyiza nihendutse. Reka tuvuge ko amatako meza ava muri sosiyete y'Abafaransa shitani, isuno yisi "izatwara umuguzi kuri $ 2000-3000, bitewe nibikoresho (igikonoshwa, nibindi).
Dukomeje ikiganiro kijyanye n'amasanduku ya Fireplase, twabonye ko Classistism, Ampir n'igihugu (cyangwa "Rustic") bigenerwa mu miterere gakondo bikenewe kandi byumvikana. Amashami ya mbere cyane yaturutse mumabuye atavuwe. Ubworoherane, ubusa, imbaraga zikomeye "ibihe byubugizi bwa nabi" bituma imiterere ya "Rustic" ikunzwe cyane kandi ubu. Amashanyarazi muri uyu mwuka yakozwe na Rene Brisch n'Uburayi Chemine (Ubufaransa), Ariaga (Espanye), Pianenta (Ubutaliyani). Amata yanditseho marble yaka, umwanda, umusenyi, umucanga. Ibicuruzwa biroroshye mubikorwa, bityo rero bihendutse bihendutse. Ariko tekereza: Kurenza ibuye byoroshye, byihuse byanduye na soot nibindi biragoye bikuraho akamenyetso n'umwanda. Mubicuruzwa bya kera, uburyo bworoshye kandi bwiza bwiganje, bwuzuye hamwe. Umuriro wa Wangli Flat P-SEPOLS isanzwe ikorwa mu biti byibiti bitandukanye, bikunze kugaragara. Portal irashobora gushushanya hamwe na cafel. Ikiranga cyingenzi cyikigo cyikigo cyikirere kikaze, kigomba kuba kiri hejuru kuburyo buryo bworoheye kwiga. Itanura mucyongereza ryicyongereza rirakinguye kandi ugereranije, rituma imikoreshereze ya chimneys yigice gito. Ibigo bya KClassic birimo ibicuruzwa byinshi bya Stovax (Ubwongereza).
Ubwoko bwa Ampire bwatangiriye mugihe cya Napoleon Bonaparte. Amashyiga ya Fires yakozwe muri marble kandi atandukanijwe na pompe zimwe. Frequetions yo kujurira imigani ya kera. Cartatids, inkingi, sphinxes, Griffins yategetse muri diplomacy kuri xixvek. Amashyiga akorwa uyumunsi na Ariga (Espanye), PianenTta (Ubutaliyani).
Imiterere yumuriro igezweho ni zitandukanye cyane. Hano hari ikigezweho, kandi ikinyoma, ndetse nikoranabuhanga rihanitse. Intambara ya Azwi cyane "Abahinzi ba Avant ba Avant cyane" barashobora guterwa na Boley (Ubuholandi), Bordet, Atoriane, kwibanda (Ubufaransa). Ibishushanyo bigezweho bigerageza gushira amanga hamwe nuburyo nibikoresho byitanura, kurema rimwe na rimwe inyubako nyinshi zintarre. Ntabwo haracyariho neza kandi bahinda umushyitsi "gants zo murugo" nyamara babaho ...
Ubuyobozi bw'amabwiriza burashimira isosiyete "Ubuhanzi-ijwi", "Kersown", "Midèe" "," bugufasha mu gutegura ibintu.