Isaha nkurugero rwimbere. Ibicuruzwa by'Abayiteka b'Abanyaburayi, Ikirusiya na Aziya: ibyegeranyo, ibiranga uburyo, ibiciro, inama zikora.
Murano Bicentool Glasses - Ibikoresho Ibikoresho
Tsatam nubushyuhe, kandi wongeyeho, elegant cyane
Urukuta rw'isaha yakozwe mu biti karemano muburyo bwo guhagarara hejuru yinyanja yizuba - ibikoresho byinshi byinzu cyangwa inzu yigihugu
Niba amasaha yishimye atareba, ugomba kwemera ko ikiremwamuntu kidashimishije cyane igihe kirekire. Ni ubuhe buryo bwatagerageje kuvuga ko babaho kwabo hamwe no kugenda kw'iteka ry'imibiri yo mu ijuru! Ikaki Ibikoresho Byonyine ntabwo byahimbye! Noneho, kuva ibaba ridahuye, isaha yahindutse ikintu cyingenzi. Whats ntibashobora kuba ikintu cyitilitari gusa, ahubwo cyunamye inzu.
Igihe cyashize
Ubwenge bwabantu bwahimbye ibikoresho byinshi mugihe cyo gupima igihe. Kurugero, ukwezi, amazi, buji, umusenyi, umusenyi namasaha ya firime yakoreshejwe muri xviiv. Kubera umwirondoro wacyo no kwishingikiriza kubibazo byo hanze, ibi bikoresho ntabwo byabonye porogaramu rusange. Noneho ibi bimurika bya kera bya siyansi binini byinzu ndangamurage.Isaha y'icyumba yagaragaye muri XV. Kandi mbere byari bitoroshye. Bakoraga imizigo, igihe cyamasomo yari amasaha 12. Hanyuma imizigo yagombaga gukurura, kandi isaha ntiyigeze yemera kugenda. Hafi 1500g. Kuzana amasaha, twahisemo gukoresha isoko. B1658 Abakristu ba Hujago basabye gukoresha pendulum mumasaha yo hanze. Yahagaritswe ku nsanganyamatsiko cyangwa umugozi w'icyuma kandi uhuze no kugenda kw'isaha n'ubuco no kugacagura kandi byagengwaga kugenda kw'imyambi. Ibi ni udushya, hamwe no kumenagura mu 1675. Umusore umwe uhuza helix mumasaha yumufuka, yahinduye byimazeyo ububiko bwigihe. Niba kare amasaha akubiswe inyuma yibimenyetso nyirizina cyangwa imbere yacyo mugihe cya kane cyisaha kumunsi, ubu nukuri kwukuri kwarashize tugera kuminota imwe kugeza kuri bitatu. Imyambi iriho yagaragaye, maze isaha ishoboka gutangira buri minsi umunani. Umugenzuzi wa stroke yateje imbere ibikoresho hamwe na pendulum mu myaka ya 1670, hamwe na pendulum, kubona amasegonda, ndetse byongerera amasegonda, ndetse byongereye ukuri kw'isomo: ndetse byongereye ukuri kw'isomo: Hangera Byiyongereye Ubwukuri: Inyuma cyangwa Amateka angana n'amasegonda menshi mu cyumweru.
Muri 1660-17220. Mu Bwongereza, ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'amasaha yakozwe kandi bukongezwaho: Konsole (pendulum, hamwe na chassis y'isoko), yitwa rero kubera ko konsole ihagaze ku rukuta; Hanze (hamwe n'umutwaro na pendulum bifitanye isano no gushushanya sketch biherereye hejuru y'urubanza). B1704G. Mu Bwongereza, patenti yatangiwe ipatanti yo gukoresha amabuye y'agaciro mu gukora ingwate ifasha, byatumye bishoboka kugabanya guterana no kugabanya kwambara ibice mu buryo.
Intambara yisaha nayo ifite inkuru yatangiriye muri XIV. Ubwa mbere, inzogera ntoya yakoreshejwe, yinjije igihe lever idasanzwe yarafashwe. Isaha yo muringaniye iyi nzoganda yasimbuwe ninzogera nini. B1676 Barlov yateguye isaha ya mbere nigihe cyo kubara. "Batoye" atari amasaha yose gusa, ahubwo banashobora no kubyara urugamba batitaye ku nkoko. Bimaze hamwe na xviv. Isaha yari ifite inzogera nyinshi kandi nyinshi. Noneho, aho kuba inzogera mu bikoresho by'imbere, hashimesu yashizwemo (imbohe z'uburebure butandukanye n'inyundo), byatumye injyana n'intambara. Noneho ibyanditswe kuri Melody, lurlow tubular, kora ubumuga bwo kutumva, bisa ku ntambara yamasaha ashaje, hamwe na rod imwe yo gusohora, gusohora impeta yoroheje, bisa ninzoka. Muri Melodies eshatu zizwi cyane zaje mu isaha y'imbere n'imbere y'abanyamina n'amatorero, kandi ibyo amazina ubwayo avuga: Westmintster, Whittington. Bidasanzwe birahagije, bose baturuka mubwongereza.
Isaha nziza cyane iherereye i Paris, mu kigo, kandi ni intebe yigihe - kuri bo "imyambi" kwisi yose. Iki nigikoresho kitoroshye, ntanubwo bisa na isaha isanzwe. Igitekerezo cyo kubara umwanya nigihe cyamaze byemewe ishingiro hakoreshejwe inshuro nyinshi. Punchtar yigihe ikoreshwa generator. Ibisubizo bidasanzwe byagezweho hamwe nuburyo bwa Atome bwigihe, hamwe nikosa rya 1xkand imyaka igihumbi yose, byatumye habaho inama ya XIIII ku ngamba no gupima igihe cyabereye i Paris 1967, ibisobanuro bishya byigihe Igice cya kabiri cyatanzwe.. Ubu hasobanuwe ko ari 9 192 631.770 yo gusohora imirasire ya csium atom-133. Ariko, birashoboka gukoresha isaha nkayo gusa mubikorwa bya laboratoire mubice bitandukanye bya fiziki, inyenyeri nibitics.
Uhari
Hagati ya xx. Amasaha adasanzwe yavumbuwe, yahamagaye kubera ko ari kristu karemano (auto-ses ya artificiel) quarez yakoreshejwe mu gukoresha ubwonko. Crystal nyinshi za microscopic zihujwe na bateri, ibyo amashanyarazi yacyo bitera ihindagurika rya Frictal, na byo, bihuza inshuro nyinshi no kugenzura ibyaha umwanzuro Kureba ibitagenda neza byigihe biterwa nimpinduka muburyo bwimbere bwa quaring ya quaring na sisitemu ya sisitemu ya elegitoroniki. Muri make, niba bateri yaguye, isaha izatangira guhita, kandi niba Tafstal arirangira, bazahunga "bahunga." Nibyo, ibipimo byerekanaga ko gusaza kristu, biherekejwe no kwiyongera kwamagambo yo gusohora, tukavamo nta mpinduka nini kandi ityaye.
Muri iki gihe, akazi kugutezimbere ukuri kwukuri ntibihagarara. Nibyo, biragaragara cyane mubireba amasaha, mubuhanga bwimbere bihinduka buhoro. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko hejuru ya 300 kwanga ukuri kwiyongereye inshuro zirenga 100.000, kandi ntabwo ari imipaka. Imwe mu mvugo yanyuma yakozwe mubuyapani ireba umugenzuzi wa stroke. Igenzura rya stroke nigice cyisaha cyangwa chronometers, ishyiraho uburyo bwihuse kandi ntiyemerera isaha "guhunga". Abagenzuzi (ibigo bitandukanye) byanyuze mu ruziga mu gihe gito ndetse nigihe gito bityo bagatangira gukora cyangwa muburyo budasanzwe bubuza imikorere. Imikorere ya regilator yiruka irashobora kugaragara mumasaha ukurikije amatiku yarangaga, yuzuye mubikoresho bya mashini na quartz. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ibi, abayapani bahimbye umugenzuzi wihariye aho uruziga rufite amenyo inshuro nyinshi kurenza ibisanzwe. Igisubizo ni "gusimbuka" ibikoresho byahagaritse kuba amatiba agaragara kandi adasanzwe yazimiye. Nibyo, birashoboka gukoresha aba bashinzwe mugihe muri Quarz gusa.
Guhitamo Igihe
Mugihe uhisemo isaha, ni ngombwa kuyoborwa nigiciro gusa, ahubwo ni ikintu kiranga Mechanism. Iri tegeko hano riroroshye: Isosiyete izwi cyane ni sosiyete, uburyo bwiza. Vernimchi wo mu maboko, aho Shampiyona ari mu Busuwisi, mu bikoresho by'imbere mu Budage. Bamenyereye mu masaha atari mu gihugu cyabo gusa, ahubwo no mu bindi bihugu. Ikintu cyingenzi iyo uhisemo isaha ni igishushanyo cyurwo rubanza. Isoko ritanga ibyegeranyo byicyerekezo bibiri - byanditswe kandi bigezweho. Igishushanyo cya kera akenshi gishobora gusubiramo ingero zizwi za kahise, cyangwa stylisation zitandukanye. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa kera: ibiti, umuringa, farashi. Ubukanishi bwa kera akenshi bukoreshwa cyane, nubwo bwa quartz bubonetse. Igishushanyo kigezweho biterwa nuburyohe bwabahanzi. Amasaha ya Plush mubisanzwe akoresha ibikoresho bigezweho: plastike, icyuma, MDF. Urwego rukoreshwa neza-quarz. Igihe cyo gukora isaha igezweho isigaye munsi ya kera, kandi umusaruro ubwako ntagateka, bityo amasaha agezweho ahendutse kuruta Filic. Hano birakenewe kuva mubyifuzo byawe, amafaranga, birumvikana, uhereye kumiterere rusange yinzu cyangwa murugo.Igihe cyo iburasirazuba
Amaduka menshi agurisha amasaha ahendutse atanga ibicuruzwa byabashinwa, Ikiyapani na koreya. IYI saha ni zoroshye, zigezweho, zihendutse, ibikoresho muri byo bikoreshwa byinshi bigezweho kandi, turashobora kuvuga ibinyabukorikori benshi. Ktakim Models Kubumba Urukundo Abaguzi benshi mbere yose kubera ibiciro. Ariko, twize ibicuruzwa byose byatanzwe mwisoko ryacu, dushobora guhamagara cyane abashomeri, kuko ibigo byinshi byo mu Burengerazuba bikora amasaha menshi neza kandi byiza, ariko ntibihenze cyane.
Uhagarariye bwa mbere mu burasirazuba ni Gastar (Ubuyapani) ni "ibiryo" ku masaha menshi y'impimbano ku isi. Ariko niba amazu ashobora kujujwe, Mechanism yatunganijwe nisosiyete itarasubirwamo. Abashyitsi bakoresha uburyo bwihariye bwo guceceka. Buri ruziga rufite inkoni 2566 ntoya, bityo igenzura rya stroke riva mu menyo n'amenyo acecetse. Kuri pendulum, sisitemu idasanzwe ya magnets yatejwe imbere yerekana ko igenda hamwe nigiciro gito cya bateri.
Ifunguro rya sosiyete ryibyegeranyo ni zitandukanye. Hano hari urutoki rumeze nka "plate", rwakozwe kenshi kuva mucyuma kandi zirangwa nukuri kandi rufite imiterere (icumbi kubicuruzwa bisa). Icyitegererezo gikuru usibye isaha arimo hygrometero (metero yuzuye) hamwe na termometero, kandi ibyitegererezo kugiti cye bifite idirishya ryerekana amatariki. Ufirma afite icyegeranyo kidasanzwe cyurukuta cyangwa imiterere minini hamwe na magnetiki pendulum, izo moderi zifite injyana yintambara yororoka uburyo bworoshye bworoshye nkabakoreshwa kumuziki. Inkoko zikorwa buri saha, nijoro bazimya mu buryo bwikora. Usibye isaha yisaha, icyegeranyo kinini cya nini (kugeza 1m muburebure) gitangwa, uhereye kumuringa cyangwa kuva kumuringa cyangwa kuva kumurima munini, ukurikije ubwiza bwibuye risa. Ibi bikoresho bifite pendulum ifatanye na terefone no kuzunguruka hamwe nayo ituma isakuzo rya gasar ryamenyekanye cyane. Urukuta rw'isaha gasar ubushuhe kandi buramba cyane, kibafasha gukoreshwa mu nzu gusa, ahubwo kibafasha ku biro ndetse no mu pisine. Icyitegererezo cya desktop, kubinyuranye, bisaba umubano witonze kandi witonze. Impano Impano zifite amazu manini yikirahure hamwe no gushushanya, birashobora gukoreshwa nkimpuruza. Urukuta rw'isaha Gastar Igiciro cyo kuva ku $ 20 kugeza kuri $ 40, na desktop ya bronze hamwe na pendulum - kuva $ 300.
Mu masaha, hamwe na gastar, uzahura na acetime (Ubushinwa). Iki kirango cyihariye mu rukuta rworoshye cyane - "Ibyapa" - Gitoya muri diameter (20-25 cm), igorofa. Ifishi ntabwo byanze bikunze izengurutse, octagonal na kare ndetse na kare birashoboka. Amazu akozwe muri plastiki, ahantu hamwe nibice byinyuma byibice bitwikiriwe na gaskets byihariye, bitemerera ubuhehere kwinjira muri Mechanism. Urwego rwa quartz rukoreshwa, rukaba rufite akamaro (bisaba gusimbuza buri gihe za bateri, zigomba gukorwa buri mwaka nigice). Ukuri kwi masomo bigira uruhare ahantu hatoranijwe neza kurukuta, nibyiza ntabwo munsi yizuba ryizuba kandi ntabwo bitose. Kuza kubahiriza ibi bisabwa inzira yisaha bizaba ari ukuri, inyuma ntizirenga iminota 1 insteps, nibisanzwe muburyo bwa quartz.
Muri Dial Aceme ikoresha nimero yicyarabu, yorohereza isaha yoroshye kubitekerezo. Imyambi ifunze hamwe nidasanzwe, iramba cyane, ariko nayo igaragara, urebye plastiki imwe. Amabara ya Gamut na Dress atandukanye nuko bidashoboka kubisobanura hano. Hano hari amasaha agera kuri monochromatic, hamwe nuburyo bwa marble, ibiti, kuri torne na varpine, hamwe nicyuma cya zahabu na feza, no mu mucyo ndetse no mu mucyo. Ariko igice kinini cyibikoresho bihuza amabara yera nabirabura. Iki kirango kizwi cyane kubijyanye nibiciro byayo: Ku masaha yoroshye - "Ibyapa" - Kuva $ 10, kugirango ubone ibikoresho bigoye byurukuta - kuva $ 30.
Abakunda amasaha ahendutse yo gushushanya na quartz uburyo bwa quartz bushobora kugirwa inama na sosiyete ya sino-koreya Sinix.
Igihe cy'iburengerazuba
Twahagarariwe kugeza ubu ari bwo gusa ibihugu bibiri, Ubudage n'Ubutaliyani, nubwo mu gihe gito basezeranya ko ibirango by'Ababiligi.Amasaha meza meza na desktop amasaha ava mubutaliyani atanga diamantinomeniconiconi (DD) mu cyegeranyo cya Meridiana. Muri VMOSKWE, iyi saha yamaze gutangwa imyaka 3, ariko isosiyete ubwayo imaze imyaka irenga 30. Muri iki gihe cyose, azobereye mumasaha yoroshye kumazu yoroshye. Intangiriro Kubindi bicuruzwa bya Ibitaliyani, iyi saha niyo yose "Nettheless", ni ukuvuga, nta shusho ya salle ifite nimiterere yikizaza, ariko hariho kwiyoroshya kandi byoroshye. Icyegeranyo cya Meridiana kirimo ibirenze 300mome mubice bitandukanye bya palette. Ibikoresho by'ibanze, bihendutse, ariko bihendutse pulasitike, umurongo no kubaha ibiti, MDF, ikirahure, ceramics, ibyuma. Mu masaha yose, uburyo bwa quartz gusa bwa quarime ya societe yubudage bukoreshwa, bikaba biremeza inzira itagira ingano nubuziranenge. Ingano yintoki ziva muri 25cm gakondo kuri 1m. Isaha ya Ardepovera muri Hulles muri Hulls kuva mu gihuha yakubiswe kandi ifite ubukorikori bugizwe n'ibiti, kimwe na serivise ya Vetro mu kirahure n'Ibika n'amabara akunzwe cyane. Ibicuruzwa birakomeye kandi bishyushye kurusha bagenzi babo bo muburasirazuba, hano biragaragara neza ko ushushanya kandi akaba umuhanzi-uwabateza imbere. Ibiciro byamasaha ni demokarasi cyane: kuva $ 10 kugeza $ 60- kandi biterwa ahanini nubunini bwibicuruzwa.
Icyitonderwa kidasanzwe gikwiye isaha hamwe na cuckoo. Bwa mbere, icyitegererezo nk'iki cyakorewe mu majyepfo y'Ubutagatifu, mu ishyamba ry'umukara, nko mu 1730G., Nyuma y'isaha hamwe n'isaha yatangiye gukorwa mu Busuwisi. Ubwa mbere bahagarariye ikintu nkaburoba abantu bafatanye numurimo nyawo wa TheartMaker. Umurambo wakozwe ukoresheje ikiganza kiva ku giti, akenshi muburyo bw'inzu cyangwa igihome, aho ibikorwa byagaragaye mu buzima bw'abanyabukorikori, kandi ubwoko bw'urukundo, n'ubwoko bw'inni kandi Abategarugori beza, kimwe namashusho yubuzima nurupfu, urubyiruko nubusaza. Muri rusange, ibibanza birashobora kwerekana ko ubuzima bwubuzima. Umusaruro w'amasaha yiyongereye nyuma ya 1840, kandi cyane cyane woherezwa muri Amerika, aho bishimiye cyane. Igihe kirenze, Mechanism yarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi, hiyongereyeho gusimbuka inkongoro, imibare yavumbuwe, itwarwa no gushingwa cyangwa guswera pendulum.
Isaha nyaho hamwe na Cuckoo ntaho ihuriye numutungo wijimye wumukara, ni paculi yihariye kandi ikorerwa uyumunsi nintoki, igice. Isaha igezweho ifite ibikoresho byimodoka byikora kandi bitwara amanota, kandi isaha imwe yatumye habaho guteka mu mwijima. UNAS irazwi ko ibigo bibiri byerekana "Cuckoo" ku isoko - Altobeli Antonio kuva mu Butaliyani (isaha ya mashini, intoki, ubudodo muri Koreya yepfo (MDF). Ariko nibyiza kuzana iyi saha kuva mubudage no mu Busuwisi.
Uzwi cyane kandi munini mu bicuruzwa byarebaga - Hisiyete y'Abadage. Afite icyubahiro nuburyo bwabo bumaze gutanga imyaka 80. Isosiyete ikora uburyo bwa quartz cyane cyane amasaha y'ibishushanyo n'urukuta byashyizwe, kimwe n'ubukanishi bw'icyitegererezo n'amasaha ya kera. Imanza zateguwe n'abashushanya isosiyete kandi zikorerwa mu ruganda mu mashyaka menshi. Ntibishoboka guhamagara muburyo bwihariye kuri iki kirango, gitanga ibintu byose: Urukuta, hanze, icyitegererezo, imbaraga zisumbabyo hamwe nicyitegererezo cyubwenge gisetsa. Plus, ibyo bita "Skeletal" Amasaha yakozwe kuri ibi, Mechanism yabuze rwose umubiri, cyangwa ifunze mu mucyo. Icyegeranyo kiravugururwa buri mwaka, ariko kikozwe mu mirimo irashobora gutegekwa mu myaka mike nyuma yo guhagarika irekurwa. Igiti karemano gikoreshwa ku kigo: kubice binini, umurongo kumaguru mato - Veneer. Kandi, veneer ikoreshwa muburyo buhendutse bwo gushushanya.
Buri cyitegererezo gikozwe muburyo bune buturuka ku giti cyamabara atandukanye. Ikunzwe cyane - igiti, ibinyomoro, Cherry, Mahogany. Ikibazo gusa muguhitamo ibara nibyo kubera gutunganya bidasanzwe, ibikoresho bihindura ibara ryayo kandi ntabwo buri gihe bihurira hamwe nibara risanzwe ryibikoresho bitandukanye ninyamaswa zimwe. Mu masaha yose igishushanyo cya kera, uburyo bwumuziki bukoreshwa, bugizwe na tubular cyangwa inkoni gong. Inkoko zisanzwe zicuranzwe: Westminster, Mutagatifu Smichael, Whittington, wongeyeho intambara iteganijwe. Intambara yintambara iratandukanye muminota 15 mbere yisaha imwe, ariko niba ubyifuzaga, urugamba rushobora guhagarikwa intoki. Hariho kandi imikorere yubatswe yumuryango wikora wahagaritswe ijoro ryose. Igihingwa cyamasaha ya mashini nta rugamba kirahagije muminsi 14, inzoga ni iminsi 8.
Igihingwa gifite ubwoko butatu bwa hermle: 1) Igihingwa cyimpeshyi mu rukuta nta buremere kandi kuri desktop hamwe nubukanishi, icyo gihe ugomba kongera kugoreka; 2) Urufunguzo rwa Cable Urufunguzo runyuze mu mwobo muri terefone, tutahuye n'iminyururu n'uburemere; 3) Uruganda rwuruhu rwurunigi "muburyo bwa kera" - gukurura uburemere n'intoki. Avoga ubwukuri bwisaha ya mashini iterwa no kwishyiriraho neza no kuboneza. Ibi bikorwa bizashyira mubikorwa umuhanga wihariye ufite igikoresho kigufasha guhindura isaha mugihe ugura no gushiraho ahantu hahoraho. Ibikurikira, ukuri kwa Mechanism byemejwe. Birumvikana, urashobora kandi wigenga gukora igenamiterere amasaha menshi atanga amabwiriza arambuye, ariko biroroshye kandi byihuse kwita shebuja, cyane cyane ko serivisi zayo zishyirwa mubiciro byamasaha. Umwigisha umwe azagenzura ihagaritse byose kugirango nta kugoreka ahantu hose, kubera ko gutandukana kwa inguni bizagaragarira kubijyanye nibyo.
Amasaha manini yo hanze ntashobora kwimurwa - nyuma yibyo ugomba kongera kwishyiriraho no kubashiraho. Avot Urukuta ntirushobora kwibasirwa namahindaguro yo hanze, bityo irashobora guhindurwa ahantu hamwe. Niba ugikeneye kwimura isaha, ugomba gutuma bishoboka kugirango ugabanye uburemere na pendulum bishoboka kandi ugerageze kutirukana inanga. Niba ugiye igihe kirekire mukiruhuko, urashobora guhagarika isaha, hanyuma nyuma yo gusubirayo gutangira no gushiraho igihe cyifuzwa, ukuri kwamasomo muriki kibazo bizakizwa. Amasaha yose ahabwa garanti yimyaka itanu, ariko ubukwe budakunze kugaragara, ibibazo byose biterwa no gukoresha isaha na kamere yabo. Ikirango cyibanze kumuguzi hagati ufite uburyohe bwiza nubuziranenge bwingirakamaro. Kubwibyo, ibiciro byamasaha yo hanze biva kumadorari 1500 kugeza $ 5,000, kurukuta rwakoreshejwe - kuva $ 50 kugeza $ 1000.
Isosiyete y'Abataliyani Gallo yibasiye impumuro ya demor y'ibicuruzwa byayo. Amacumbi ya hembi yihariye muburyo bwisaha yumusaruro wumudage n'Ububiligi. Yishora mu bwoko butandukanye bwamasaha, uhereye kumurimo hanze, igishushanyo - Sublone muri Baroque na Rococo. Abashushanya ikirango barimo guteza imbere moderi ukurikije ibishushanyo byamasaha ya palace yamasaha ya xvii-xviiii. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa: Igiti, porcelain, icyuma, ibuye. Ubuhanga bugoye bwa mozaic yimbaho - Ijya na wariater (ku rubanza rwa mbere, amabara atandukanye, imiterere n'imbunda, ibice by'ibiti byaciwemo, bizunguruka). Hano hari iterambere ryuzuye - kurugero, amasaha hamwe numeza kuri bo muburyo bumwe no guhera kumabara; Isaha yo hanze Plus wongeyeho Urukuta rwashyizwe hamwe na pendulum nuburemere mubishushanyo mbonera. Moderi ya Gallo ikozwe mubiti, kandi, bitandukanye na hermle, uwabikoze ashimangira ibara karemano nuburyo bwo kwimbaho, urashobora gufata amasaha asa nibikoresho byawe. Ibiciro kumasaha ya fluctute murwego rumwe na hermle ikirango cya hermle: Hanze- $ 1500-5-5-5-5-5-5-000 n'inkuta- $ 70-1000.
Ferbel (Ubutaliyani) azwi cyane kuri desktop nziza n'amasaha ya karoque no muri baroque na classicism. Bakozwe ahanini mu muringa hakoreshejwe ifeza, 24-carat, amabuye karemano, shyiramo Porcelain na Enamel. Hafi yamasaha yose urashobora gutora umutwe-buji cyangwa vase muburyo bumwe. Kimwe n'ibigo byinshi, abarinzi bakoresha uburyo bwacyo, naho Ikidage kuva ku Imirwali. Abaririmbyi bose bareba Karike, hamwe na Mechanical Intambara igarukira mu mwobo cyangwa injyana ngufi. Icyegeranyo kirimo kopi yintangarurirwa zizwi muri Louvre, mu gihome cyo Loire, Versailles, Veneziya Palazto. Inteko ikorwa mu ruganda, ababuranyi ni bato, ariko ibiciro byabo ni byinshi kubera gukoresha ibikoresho n'ubuhanga bitandukanye. Igiciro cyamasaha - kuva $ 200 kugeza $ 2000, buji na vase biragurishwa ukwayo.
Undi sosiyete y'Abataliyani, Altobeli Antonio, kimwe na Frisil, ikora amasaha mu binyejana bya XVII-XIX., Ariko ibi ntabwo ari kopi yibishishwa byigihangano, ahubwo bigana gusa. Muri rusange, abashinzwe umutekano mu Butaliyani batandukanijwe n'urukundo rukomeye kubeshya kandi barimbishijwe cyane. Isaha Altobel Antonio ni urukuta runini kandi rwo hanze, hamwe n'umuco utangaje, mu muringa, umuringa n'ibishushanyo mbonera. Bamwe ni babi cyane kugirango barebe ubwa mbere bisa nkibishya. Hulls ikozwe mutiba akurikirana hamwe na veneer ya reneyer idasanzwe-itukura, yijimye, umukara, umukara, ibiti byumukara bya Karelian birch. Uburyo bwa sosiyete y'Ubudage Kiseige-Sbem na Melody Melody ikoreshwa. Isaha ifite ibikoresho byo guhagarika intoki kurugamba na guhagarika byikora mumasaha ya nijoro. Igihingwa kirahagije muminsi 14 niba isaha idafite injyana, kandi kuri 8- niba hamwe nindamba.
Ibicuruzwa bifite amasomo yujuje ibisabwa, mubisanzwe, biteganijwe ko kwishyiriraho no kuboneza byashizweho neza. Gusenyuka gusa, ibyo bita pendulum guhindura, gusa kubera amakosa yumukoresha udahiriwe, ugenda wiyongera cyane kandi udakora, ariko iyi mikorere yakosowe vuba. Ba shebuja w'ikigo inama buri myaka 5-10 kugirango uhirike isaha hamwe na libric idasanzwe. Iyi serivisi irashobora gutangwa nabakozi bagurisha cyangwa amahugurwa ya garanti. Ibiciro byamasaha aturuka kuri $ 600 kugeza $ 5000, bitewe nubunini nubunini bwamatako, ndetse no ku giti cyigiti cyakoreshejwe.
Abafana b'amasaha y'imbere mu mutima barashobora kugirwa inama yo kuvugana n'ibirango K.Mozer (Ubudage) na Massoni (Ubutaliyani).
Isaha yahoraga ari nziza, ariko nyamara impano ikomeye ishobora gutangwa numugabo numugore. Kubwiyi ntego, nibyiza gukoresha icyegeranyo kidasanzwe cyibigo bidasanzwe mu isaha. Ubwinshi bwamasosiyete yateguye ndetse no kubashushanya imyambarire itanga impano nziza yimpamyabumenyi murugo. Reba ibicuruzwa Koresha gusa uburyo buzwi. Kandi kenshi, uburyo bwisaha bikozwe mu Busuwisi no mu Budage. Birakwiye ko twitondera ibyegeranyo bya Stowford (Ubwongereza), Villeroyboch (Ubudage), Alessi (Ubutaliyani), Ubwongereza), Ubutaliyani) n'abandi. Ku bicuruzwa Ibigo nkibi bizahagarara uburyo bwo gutangaza (inyuma yamasaha) na rims (kuruhande rwambere). Kandi impano nziza kandi idasanzwe irashobora guhinduka isaha yimpapuro zidasanzwe (urugero, ibya kera, nka astrolabies) nibidasanzwe. Uzabona uburyo bwiza kandi bugoye, usibye umwanya werekana, kurugero, kugenda kw'ibinyoma byo mu ijuru, kunyura mu kirere, izuba ku bimenyetso 12 bya zodiac, kalendari y'izuba, n'ibindi
Igihe cy'Uburusiya
Isaha y'abakora ibibanza by'Uburusiya ntabwo itandukanye cyane mubwiza bwihariye, kandi igishushanyo my'iteraniro nabyo bigira ingaruka. Nubwo vuba aha hari ibigo byinshi cyangwa bike biryoshye bigakora amasaha akomeye mu nyubako yambere. Nibyo, kandi ikiguzi cyiki gicuruzwa kiri munsi yicyacuruzwa cya bagenzi bawe dukorana. Amasaha nkaya akundwa cyane nabanyamahanga kubera gukoresha Khokhloma na Fane bashushanya, Gzhel, finnish, finishi, buto, buto. Ariko mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa byu Burusiya birakenewe gutekereza ko ireme ry'inteko rishobora kukwangiza cyane, kubera ko kopi 5 kuri 10 zifite urugomo rushingiye ku nganda. Reba rero isaha kubwukuri bwiterambere, igihingwa, urugamba nibindi byose byitondera cyane. Ikindi kibazo cyabagenzi burusiya ni ibintu bito cyane. Kuva kuba byiza kuvuga abahinzi b'Abarusiya, twita isosiyete "isoko" (G.Vladimir), "chaika" (g.Uglich) na "casaca").
Nibyiza cyane mubikorwa bya sosiyete "Isoko" - ibicuruzwa bifite intoki zipaki. Abakobwa, imitwe, ingabo z'amafarasi, ibyuma, ibyamamare byose kuri Fane Lacqueature Miniature, irahari mu nzu ya desktop na Urukuta rw'isaha uhereye ku giti gisanzwe. Inzu iratandukanijwe nigishushanyo cyumwimerere - hano na desktop ifunzwe (ifunze nimiryango, hamwe na doucy), hamwe nisaha), ndetse n'amasaha ku ishusho. Kubera ubumuga, igiciro cyibicuruzwa kiza ku mafaranga 15000., Ariko urashobora kugura no kwiyoroshya - kumafaranga 3000.
Birumvikana ko "inagomu", birumvikana ko bizwi cyane kubera amasaha yintoki na mu mufuka yize gukora neza. Niba tuvuze icyegeranyo cy'imbere, birakwiye ko twitondera isaha-idasanzwe-masahani yo mu Cerami (DulyA Porcelain, Gzhel, n'ibindi). Byongeye kandi, menya, iyi ntabwo ari izina ryikigereranyo, ariko uburyo bwa Quarts rwose bwinjijwe mu isahani nyayo, ku nkombe zacyo. Ibicuruzwa byinshi nkibi bikwiranye nigikoni. Tugomba kwitonda cyane, kubera ko ibikorikori bitoroshye, kandi hamwe no gucika intege, imirongo ibaho muri Mechanism. Ariko hamwe no gukoresha neza kandi neza, isaha izakora igihe kirekire.
Isosiyete "cascade" itanga gusa amasaha y'amasaha, uburyo bukoresha igishinwa, bityo ukuri kuri ibyo bicuruzwa ntabwo ari urugero kuruta uko murugo rwacu. Isanoy ingenzi Isaine, ubu buryo bufite kwimuka kureremba, ni ukuvuga, ntibitandukanye nandi moderi z'Uburusiya zizwi ku majwi yabo yongerewe. Isosiyete ifungira mu rukuta ruzengurutse mu rukuta rw'ibiti, ibiti no mubero. Barasa cyane cyane kandi bafite ubushishozi kuruta ibicuruzwa bya plastike kuva aceme, kabuhariwe mu isaha imwe. Ongeraho ibicuruzwa byacu nanone mubirahuri byubu tufunga ufunga. Agaciro muri plastiki, ikirahure ntigishobora gushushanya, cyane kandi ntabwo bigira ingaruka kubidukikije, bifite akamaro cyane mugikoni cyangwa mubiro.
Kubashaka gushyigikira uruganda rwu Burusiya, turashobora gusaba marisi, twishora mu makopi yizindi ndabi.
Abanditsi bashimira isosiyete "Ancona", "Laniks-Igishushanyo", "Imico", "Imico", "Imico ikomeye", "Imico ikomeye", "Elsa-Fashion" yo Gufasha mugutezimbere ibikoresho.