Ibirahuri na Bringstal Ibikoresho: Ikoranabuhanga ryakozwe, kurangiza, umusaruro mwinshi no gukora ibyegeranyo yifu ya none, murano ikirahuri.
Imilding yakozwe: Ikirwa cya Murano Koresha ibyapa byoroheje bya zahabu, gusenya kuri maririad yinyenyeri
Ikirahure cya mosaic kiboneka no guhuza ibice byamabara yikirahure
Vases- "Aquarium". Ubwa mbere, amafi nibikoresho byateganijwe, hanyuma bagaburirwa muburyo buboneye.
Murano Glass. Kubireba vase irimbishijwe hamwe nikirango cyanduye
Vase kuva kuri formia ihindagurika ryamabara
Ikirahure cyahimbwe muri Egiputa ya kera, kandi birashoboka cyane ko ku bushake. Ikirahure cya mbere cyikirahure cyabonetse nabacukuzi cyanditswe mumyaka yumuringa. Uyu munsi, ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwikirahure bukoreshwa, ikoranabuhanga rirenze eshanu kugirango umusaruro wibicuruzwa bivuyemo hamwe nuburyo bugera kuri makumyabiri bwo kurangiza.
Niki kitakozwe mu kirahure! Ibuka ibirahuri byiza nibirahuri bya divayi byigihingwa cyagus cyagus-kirisiti, iherutse gushushanya abagaragu bose badafite? Abohemu ikirahuri zahabu, icyatsi n'umutuku, ingingo yubwibone bwa nyirabuja! Ariko ibirahuri ntibihagarara aho, kandi isoko ryacu ryigarurira ibirango byose by'amahanga byose by'ikirahure na kirisiti. Nigute ushobora kumenya ubudasa bwabo? Kandi muri rusange, iki kirango ni iki? Urashobora kubona igisubizo muriki kiganiro.
Ikoranabuhanga
Ibirahure byacu bisanzwe biboneka muguhuza quarez hamwe na oxide yibyuma bitandukanye. Ikintu nyamukuru cyikirahure ni dioxyde delicon. Bikure mu mucanga wa Tafki. Mbere mu kirahure, lime cyangwa chalk byongeweho, byatumye ikirahure kirwanya ikirahure, cyoroshye kandi cyiza. Noneho ubu bukoranye ni gake ikoreshwa. Ongeraho Pota cyangwa Soda itanga ikirahure gisukuye kandi cyoroshye, kubera ko cyuzuye, ahanini cyane cyane kubibumba. Bwa mbere, kristu yabonetse muri xviivek mu Bwongereza. Kugirango ukore ibi, ongeraho biganisha ku kirahure. Kuva mu kirahure gisanzwe, kristu irangwa n'umuriro ukomeye hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo gutunganya urumuri, bityo ukikinisha amabara yose yumukororombya. Biraramba kandi birashobora gutemwa.Kuri Staining (toning) yikirahure muri yo mugihe cyo gushonga ongeraho injyana yicyuma. Kurugero, Icyuma kizatuma ibintu bifatika bihurira-icyatsi cyangwa umuhondo, mangane, umuhondo cyangwa umukara-icyatsi-icyatsi (icyatsi kibisi-umuhondo , umuringa - umutuku. Hariho kandi ubwoko nk'ubwo bw'ikirahure nk'amagufwa n'amata. Iya mbere iboneka mugutwika ikirahure cyamagufwa arekuye, isegonda ikorwa hiyongereyeho uruvange rwumusozi no gushonga. AESLI yiwero imwe yo kubyutsa imbaga nyakwigendera cyane, ikirahure cya opal
.Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ikirahuri na kirisiti hamwe n'ibinyejana byinshi ntabwo byahindutse. Ikirahure cyikirahure cyane, nka mbere, ubifashijwemo nuburyo bubiri, hanze n'imbere. Icyuho hagati yabo cyuzuyemo imbaga, hanyuma utwike ibicuruzwa mu itanura.
Ikirahure kijimye cyakoreshejwe muri rome ya kera isanzwe mumyaka 75-50 ya Don.e. Umuyoboro wa Inlet winjijwe mu kirahure cyambaye ubusa mu itanura. Noneho, yirukanye umuyoboro uva mu itanura, uzunguruke hejuru ya mabuye cyangwa ibyuma, bikatanga imiterere ya silindrike. Kuzenguruka ibicuruzwa ku muyoboro wa Rod, usabe ijosi ry'imboro. Ikirangira inzira, inkoni irafunzwe, ikoni noneho ryasunitswe.
Kwihutira kwirahuri muburyo bwatanzwe cyane muri xviii-xix ibinyejana. Nk'uko iki gikorwa cya tekinoroji, ibicuruzwa bitanga ibisobanuro mbere ukoresheje umuyoboro, hanyuma uyishyira muburyo bwibiti cyangwa icyuma, gukonje kandi bitunganijwe. Ibirahure byisanzuye cyangwa bikomoka byoroshye kumenya inzira kuva umuyoboro.
Ikirahure cyagaragaye cyakozwe bwa mbere muri 20-Kgs cya XIXVE muri Amerika, uhereye aho yinjiye mu Burayi. Byari uburyo bushya bwo gutunganya ibirahure, aho yasutswe mu muringa cyangwa ibyuma kandi ikandagira ku ikoreshwa ryabigenewe. Tekinike nkayo hamwe numuntu ku giti cye no kunonosora rena lilik na galen.
Ubwoko bwo Gushushanya Ibikoresho
Ubuhanga bwinshi bwimibare yimbere kandi yinyuma yibihure birazwi. Reka twibande ku buryo bushimishije kandi butangaje.
Tekinike "Ikirahure Yikirahure": ku ruhu rw'ikirahure mbere yo kwitegura ikirahuri cy'ikirahuri cyangwa ikindi mucyo. Ibishushanyo mvuye kuri iyi nsanganyamatsiko birashobora kuba bitandukanye kandi bigize gride (ikirahure cya reticholl), kuzura (amababa (amababa) cyangwa spiral) cyangwa spigre). Ku kirwa cya Murano muri Venise, ikindi cyo guhindura ubu buhanga - Millefiori ("amabara ibihumbi") yatejwe imbere. Ibyapa byanjye by'ikirahure cyangwa imiyoboro ishinga indabyo (niyo mpamvu izina) ryaranyuzwe. Mugihe kimwe, bubbles ikoranwa bihuhwa mubyiciro ukoresheje inshinge zinanutse (ukurikije ihame rya syringe), kandi insanganyamatsiko zihindagurika zigize umwuka utera uruhara mubirahure.
Ikirahure cyo mu Burengerazuba (umugozi, cyangwa Krakl) biboneka mu kwibiza mu mazi akonje, bikozwe hejuru y'urusobe rw'ibice bitagabanya (cracker). Noneho ikirahure cyongeye gushyuha kandi ugahumeka.
Kurema ikirahuri kinini gisaba umutware w'inararibonye. Kuvuza ubusa cyangwa kwizirika mubundi buryo bwinshi bwibara ryibikira, cyangwa bitwikiriwe nibice byamabara uhereye imbere. Noneho ibice byuzuye, byazungurutse cyangwa byatanze gufungura kameu.
Ikirahure cya mosaic: Kubumba byo guta byuzuyemo ibice bito byibara ryibara ryinshi. Noneho ifishi ishyirwa mu kigero, kandi ibice birashonga.
Isura rusange yimitako yo hanze yibijumba byikirahure-gushushanya. Irashobora gukorwa muburyo bukonje (amarangi ya oraque akoreshwa hejuru nta kurasa hejuru) na enamel hamwe nikirahure cyanduye mugihe kimwe cyandukira hamwe ninyuma yibicuruzwa.
Glaze ikorwa ukoresheje ibyuma bibiri gusa bya feza (itanga umuhondo) numuringa (bihindura glaze yumukara cyangwa umutuku).
Tekinike ya sharique itanga ikirahuri isaro. Ibara rihindagurika riva mu mucyo weshya kuri umutuku-zahabu. Vehi Technology yakozwe ikirahure kizwi cyane cya Tiffany.
Zahabu ni kimwe mu bikoresho bizwi cyane byo kurya. Gukundana birashobora gutontoma hagati yikirahure (ubugari bwimikoranire, ikunzwe muri bohemia) cyangwa kuyitwikira hanze. Birashoboka kandi gushushanya ubuso bwa zahabu (ibi bihendutse kuruta file, niyo mpamvu ifata cyane cyane).
ETCHING cyangwa Satin (ukurikije iyi ikoranabuhanga rya Crystal Lalique) yatangiye gukoreshwa muri 1771 hamwe no gufungura acide ifata. Iyi acide ubwayo ituma ikirahuri kirabagirana, kandi amaso yayo. Urashobora gukoresha ubuso bwose (mugihe bikomeza kuba mwiza kandi siliky) cyangwa guhitamo (gushushanya gusa).
Ubuso burahari rwose cyangwa gusa igishushanyo gishobora gutunganywa numugezi wa tekinike ya oscillate yo guterana. Biragaragara ingaruka imwe, nko mu gikomere cya acide, ariko indege iba umuvuduko, urufunguzo.
Crystal irasobanutse yo gushushanya no gukata. Gushushanya gukoreshwa hejuru hamwe na diyama. Ibishushanyo biboneka nkaho byashushanyije kandi bikabije. Gukata bisanzwe bikorwa ukoresheje igikoma gikarishye cya diyama hamwe nuruziga rwihariye rwo gusya. Itanga icyitegererezo, cyagarutsweho cyane. Gukata diyama: Phombic Pyramide yerekanwe mu ndege.
Gusya bikoreshwa mugukora uruziga ruzengurutse kandi rwa elayo. Tekinike yo gutwika ikirahure, ibitonyanga cyangwa uruziga kuva mu mucyo kandi byanduye ikirahure gikora indege igorofa.
Tugomba rero guhura nuburyo niki cyikirahure cyakozwe nuburyo gishobora gutambirwa. Noneho igihe kirageze cyo kumenyana nibicuruzwa byubutaka bugezweho. Birumvikana ko ibigo bitanga ikirahure na kirisiti binini cyane, kuvuga ibya byose mu ngingo imwe nto ntibishoboka. Bigarukira rero kubirango bizwi cyane byamahanga.
Abantu bose na bose
Reka dutangire isubiramo kubijyanye na buri wese - hamwe nibicuruzwa rusange. Ikoranabuhanga ryumusaruro waryo rifatanije cyane, ariko ntibishoboka gukora nta mirimo yintoki. Ibishushanyo mbonera na decord bikora abashushanya. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa byakozwe muri stencil cyangwa ishusho, bituma bihendutse, utabanje kwambura agaciro ka aestetic.Ikirango cya mbere gikeneye kwishyurwa - IITTALA (Finlande). Ikirahuri Iittala cyakozwe nikoranabuhanga kidasanzwe, hiyongereyeho lime. Amasahani aboneka nu mucyo, unanutse, ariko cyane kandi ntabwo yangiritse. Yihanganira gukaraba neza mu koza.
Igishushanyo cya Finilande gifite agaciro ku isi hose, kandi uhagarariye Iittala-isanzwe muri iki gihugu. MINIMALIsm, imisozi ya 1950-1970-hody yahindutse ibimenyetso bitandukanye byikirango cya IITTALA. Mu byegeranyo bye ni ibintu bya "Classic" gushushanya mu 1950-1970. Irinde ibicuruzwa byabigenewe bigezweho byuzuzwa bidasubirwaho. Abahanzi baturutse muri Finlande, Suwede, Ubudage bukora kuri uyu wabikoze. Ibirahure, decaters, vase, buji irangwa nuburyo bworoshye kandi buhuje imiterere na miti ya mibare. Nta gushushanya, ibicuruzwa ni bimwe-bya photon bidafite ibara ryijimye, byerekanye byijimye, umweru, umukara, umukara, umukara, ubururu, icyatsi, icyatsi, icyatsi, icyatsi, icyatsi, icyatsi, umutuku, umutuku, icyatsi, umutuku, icyatsi, umutuku, icyatsi, umutuku, icyatsi, umutuku, icyatsi Ibiciro biva kuri $ 5 (ibirahuri bito) kugeza $ 100 (abapadiri banini na vase). Niba ushaka gutanga impano, urashobora gukoresha icyegeranyo cya IITTALA, zirimo vase, amasahani, igishusho, gushushanya byinshi, bikozwe mu ntoki hamwe na "Ikirahuri . Ibi bintu birahagije, ariko biracyaboneka - kuva $ 50 (vase).
DEMINGLASS NUBURENGANZIRA (Ubwongereza) - Ubugingo bufitanye isano: baremewe gufasha badakoresha amafaranga menshi kugirango bahindure ifunguro risanzwe kugirango bashimishe. Ibikoresho bya demcolures bigomba kwitondera ibirahuri bigurishwa mubipaki byiza byibice bitatu. Ibirahuri bya cocktail kuva mukusambanyi bya nyuma bishushanyijeho umutegetsi wo gupima umubare wibintu bikenewe. Hariho ibihuru byo mu Buyapani-imigano, hieroglyphs, ibisamwa. Demaglass ikora haba mubirahure bibonerana hamwe nigiti cyumucanga.
Ihuriro ryikirahure ahanini rihuye, hamwe nuburyo bwonda hejuru na stencil. Batangwa byombi indabyo zitandukanye n'ibitaka byose by'indabyo cyangwa ibyuma bya Gerbera kugera Chamomile, muri roza kuri viose. Biroroshye cyane gufata imyanya yose muburyo bumwe (ibikombe byubunini butandukanye, decanters, amacupa, nibindi). Itandukaniro ry'umuhemu n'itegeko rihindura e-imeri. Ibiciro kubicuruzwa byibi bicuruzwa byombi ni kimwe: 3 pakisana - kuva $ 20.
Ikirahure gikora, cyiza kandi kidahenze kandi kirimo ibigo nka Nemtoi (Ubutaliyani), Luminarc na Arcoroc (Ubufaransa), Dartington Crystal (Ubwongereza).
Abashushanya benshi ntibatinya kuba muri buri nzu kandi ntibashaka kuroga. Ibinyuranye, ubunyangamugayo bwabo burahari kumugaragaro. Yves icyarimwe mubushobozi bwabo bwo kuzimya urwenya rutangaje nigintu cyoroshye nkuko byavuzwe, vuga, Fuuder kuri Champagne. Imiterere yumwimerere iratanga ubworoherane cyangwa gutsinda insinuum. Ibikorwa bya nka nkayo birahendutse, kugura ndetse na ameza ntibizangiza ingengo yimari yawe. Yves icyarimwe munzu azinjira muburyo bwihariye, ubwiza, urwenya. Imbere, aba bashushanya barimo kubara kubantu bakiri bato, ibihaha byiyongera kandi ntibatinya ubushakashatsi. Ariko bazi kandi gushimisha ibisekuru byakera bahagarariye mu buryo bukabije mu mashusho magara. Turashaka kuvuga, hejuru ya byose, ibirango byose nka Leonardo (Ubudage), Ritzenhoff (Ubudage) na Kosta boda (Suwede).
Ibikorwa bihendutse
Ikidage cya mbere cyubudage mugusubiramo - Leonardo, gukorana nikirahure kimaze igihe kinini kandi cyiza. Ikintu nyamukuru ntabwo ari ukubitiranya nibindi bigo, inzira imwe cyangwa irindi zina rya Leonardo Da Vin Vinci akina mumazina. Uruganda rwikidage, uwo tuvuga, dutanga ibicuruzwa byawe hamwe na label yubururu hamwe nibicu byera hamwe na leonardo. Ikoranabuhanga ryikirahure, nubwo ubworoherane bwabwo, ntabwo buhindura ibintu bidafite agaciro, ariko biragufasha kubyara ibirori bikomeye kugirango umurimo wa ba shebuja utasuzumwe cyane. Byinshi muri byose Leonardo akunda ikirahure kidafite ibara numukino ufite imiterere. Iterambere rya sosiyete ririmo ibintu kumeza yimpano no gushushanya icyumba. Leonardo prefers igishushanyo mbonera, Avant-galide na minimalism kandi ntabwo itinya uburyo bwubuhanzi bwa pop. Akenshi, aranga inzuki, akoresha amashusho ya Santa Claus na Mickey Maus. Yves icyarimwe irashaka gukora ibintu byayo nkibishoboka, akenshi vase imwe cyangwa igikombe kirashobora gukora intego zitandukanye. Ntabwo ndi imirongo itaziguye, baragoramye, barezwe, kunama.
Umutako wibicuruzwa byayo Leonardo avanga cyane. Ubuso bwiza bukoreshwa cyane. Niba ingingo iracyafite ibara, noneho motifs ikunze kugaragara kuri zen hieroglyphs, imiterere ya geometrike, kimwe no mwishyamba hamwe ninyamaswa ninzoka. Ibicuruzwa byamabara "bitera ubwoba" ibara ryishyamba ryabo. Ibara ritavugijwe, riri kure ya buri munsi, ni ibyatsi, amakara, imbeba, umutuku, lazo, violet, ndetse na violet. Ibiciro nibi bikurikira: Ibirahuri n'ibirahuri- $ 12, amasahani - $ 20, Vazi- $ 38.
Kandi, mu gitanga, Leonardo ni umwana ugereranije na Ritzenhoff. Uyu wabikoze irekura ibirahuri, ibirahure, ibirahure, ashrays, ibikombe byimpapuro za kera, zimenyerewe, ariko ntibazahamagara ibishushanyo byabo muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose. Isosiyete ifite amarushanwa mu bashushanya n'abahanzi buri mwaka kandi ahitamo abayo "bakora ikirere" mu gihe cya vuba. Ikirahure Ritzenhoff ni rusange, wabonetse mugutera. Ariko igishushanyo gikoreshwa intoki, kandi akenshi abahanzi ubwabo bakoze ibishushanyo. Imiterere yerekana imiterere: Caricature, Ubuhanzi bwa POP, PRITANIVEM, Avant-Garde. Ibyingenzi bitandukanya ibintu bya Ritzenhoff-urwenya nigitekerezo cyambere. Ikusanyirizo rya buri wese ushushanya ufite ibintu 1.000 kugeza500 kandi biteguye igihe kimwe, nta gusubiramo. Ibintu byose bigurishwa muri paki yakozwe numwanditsi umwe, hamwe nicyemezo cyukuri, autograf ya Rurema ninkuru ivuga kubyo ibishushanyo bisobanura. Ibyegeranyo bimwe byatanzwe nigitambaro kidasanzwe cyangwa guhagarara. Ariko, nubwo ikirahuri Ritzenhoff ari icyegeranyo nimpano nziza, ibiciro biri hasi. Kurugero, ikirahuri cyamata mu gasanduku k'umuntu ku giti cye gisaba amadorari 30.
Isosiyete ya Suwede Kostade, kimwe n'amajyaruguru yose, irangwa n'imiterere ihishe. Ireba ikirahure kitoroshye: Hariho ibintu na coabal, na kirisiti, na Krakle (ingaruka za urubura). Gukora ikoranabuhanga - guta, umubare wibibazo byubwoko bumwe bigera kuri 1000. Icyegeranyo cyatanze umwanya umwe, ariko mugihe cya hafi, urashobora gutumiza ikintu ukunda muruganda. Imwe mu mahitamo yo kurangiza hanze ni igifuniko gifite urupapuro nyarwo rufite ingaruka zamavuza, Patina. Ngiyo ibirango byisosiyete. Kosta boda atanga icyegeranyo cya Vaz, gushiraho imbonerahamwe ibintu, impano n'amasaha. Ku mpano, Ikirahure kidasanzwe cyafashwe: Igicuruzwa kiri ku gihingwa kirashushanyije, hanyuma igice cy'ikirahure kidafite ibara gikoreshwa, hanyuma ukundi kandi nanone hejuru no kutisanzura. Igisubizo ni ikintu cyimbere cyimbere, kandi iyo urebye ku mpande, ibara ryagaragaye imbere, nikindi. Kandi primant primaitivism nigirahure gishushanya muburyo bwa matisse. Kuri buri mukono wibicuruzwa byabashushanya nabahanzi. Ibiciro birahari neza: Ibirahuri bya feza - kuva $ 35 kuri buri gice, vabale nini ya cobalt - kuva 60.
Muri iki cyiciro, ndashaka kandi kuvuga ikirango cya orrefors (Suwede) na Egizei (Ubutaliyani).
Kwizihiza Estetov
Noneho reka tuganire ku byegeranyo by'abakora ibinyabuzima, bikora cyane cyane kumeza. Birumvikana ko ibi atari igenamiterere gusa, ahubwo ni uburyo bwa kera kandi buringaniza, ikimenyetso cyubutunzi nububane. IVA ntabwo ikubiyemo kandi ibintu bidasanzwe bikoreshwa gusa mubukwe cyangwa kwizihiza isabukuru, ariko nanone biyoroshya kandi bihendutse.Inkuru yerekeye ikirahure kuri aestete reka dutangire hamwe nikirango cyigifaransa cya Christofle. Mubyukuri, ahanini bizwi cyane kuri feza yoroheje, ariko ntabwo bisaba Crystal yombi (Crystal gusa, ntabwo ari ikirahure). Uchritofle uzasanga byose kugirango "ibinyobwa neza". Ingingo yubwibone budasanzwe ni ibirahuri bitandukanye, ibirahure, ibirahure, decanters byakozwe byumwihariko kubintu bitandukanye (doping doping). Crystal Christofle arakorwa nintoki kandi ashimishije cyane gukoraho. Gukwirakwiza bikorwa hejuru, noneho bigatuma habaho impinduka zanditseho. Menya-uburyo ferms idasanzwe ifeza na feza, resept yibanga. Ifeza irahari muri kristu ya kirisiti ya kirisiti ya cyane cyane imanza zikomeye (amaguru yikirahure, imikoresheri yingingo, gushushanya). Nubwo ikirango cyarangwamo nigishushanyo cya kera nta buryo budasanzwe, ibirahuri byigifaransa burigihe bizana ikintu gishya. Gukusanya ifeza na zahabu bizahari muburyo bwa vodka. Kandi ibi ntabwo ari umubyimba woroshye cyangwa gushushanya, ahubwo ni tekinoroji idasanzwe yo gutera imbere. Igiciro cya Crystal GLOKES idafite ifeza ni kuva $ 50.
Mark Waterford kuva Irlande ninzira zishingiye kuri demokarasi. Itangwa haba mu kunywa no kuryoha, nibintu byo gutama murugo (vase, firistine), Pludines), Ubukwe, umwaka mushya). Ikintu cyihariye cya Waterford ni tekinoroji yo kongeramo okide ya silicon mukisha ryikirahure, butuma Crystal yoroshye kandi yabarwanye. Ibi byatumye bishoboka gukora diyama izwi cyane (kutagira urujijo no gushushanya). Ubuso bwikosa rya kristu, nkaho bukubiye diyama isohoka. Isosiyete igabanya ibyegeranyo iyabo aho ku kigero kuruta ihame ry'umutungo: Abantu bakuru batanga kristu zihenze, ziremereye, zikabije, zijimye kandi zinyeganyega, urubyiruko ndetse noroheje. Ibicuruzwa "kubantu bakuru" bifatwa mu maguru gusa - kuvuza indwara yo guca, kristu "kuri kristu" yoroshye ya tekinoloji "byoroshye. Ifishi n'imitako "y '" Abakuze "byoherejwe hamwe no gukata kwa kera (gukata kuri diyama)," Umusore "wo muri Diamond)," Gushushanya kandi Gushushanya, Gutema ibintu (Amaguru). Waterford ni ikirango gikunda abaperezida twa Amerika, ibirori byo kudashyira mu gaciro byanyuze gusa kuri kark. Irashobora kugaragara muri cinema, ibikombe bya siporo nibihembo birakozwe. Nubwo bimeze, ikiguzi cyibirahure kuva "mukuru" kiva kumadorari 40, kandi kuva "muto" - kuva $ 15.
Kubantu bashaka kudakora ameza gusa, ahubwo inzu yose muburyo bwa kera burashobora kugirwa inama na villeyboch. Kwishyira hamwe kwishyurwa na sosiyete-kurya mu Bushinwa. Iyi sosiyete yaturutse muri XIXVEK kandi yari inshuti itabigero yabantu bakize kandi ubumenyi bwimbitse muburayi, harimo n'abagize imiryango ya cyami. Ariko igihe gisaba impinduka. Kugira ngo utsinde ubwenge, sosiyete yatangiye kurekura byinshi na kirisiti, kimwe n'ibice bitandukanye by'imyuga (ibice by'ibiti by'imfuke ku bana bato ubwabo), kandi vuba aha - ibintu by'ibyumba n'ubwiherero. Crystal Villeroyboch yoroheje, hamwe nibirimo byibuze, ariko hamwe no kongerwaho (kuzamura glitter) Ifeza na soda. Gukubita imitako bikoreshwa nkicyitegererezo cya aside. Imiterere yikirahure ni classique, ikirango kizwi cyibanze ko conservatism, inkoni kuryoha cyane kandi zigakurikiza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byayo. Urashobora gutandukanya ibikomoka kuri villeroyboch ukoresheje inzibacyuho yoroshye kuva kumaguru kugeza ikirahure na diyama yaciwe umupira wa escort. Nubwo amagambo nkaya ateye ubwoba, nka "DVOR" na "Dvor", Crystal Villeroyboch ntabwo itera igiciro cyayo - ibiciro byikirahure kuva $ 40.
Kandi, ntibishoboka kandi kutitondera ibirango bya baccarat (Ubufaransa) kandi, birumvikana, kubicuruzwa byihariye bikozwe mu kirahure na kirisiti byanditsweho bitandukanye (ikirahuri cyumwanditsi), cyane cyane ku isoko ry'Uburusiya.
Ku kirwa cya Murano muri Venise, ibimera byinshi bitanga ibintu bihenze bihendutse abantu bakunze kudusunikwa munsi y'ibirahuri byihariye bya Muranike bikaba bigurishwa ibiciro byasaze. Kugirango utaba igitambo cyuburiganya, ugomba kumenya ko ikirahuri cyihariye gitera ibimera bike byikirwa. Murano glass badashobora kwitiranywa n'ibindi, ni isuku, nyinshi, irangi by oxides metal gukoresha tekiniki buhambaye inyuzi, Mose, millefiori cyangwa gilding.
Ubuhanzi
Ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu kirahure na kirisiti, bishobora kubonwa mu ntera y'ubuhanzi, hano ku isi. Ibi nibintu byihariye bikozwe mu ntoki, igice, cyatanzwe nimpamyabumenyi, imikono nimibare. Ibiciro kubintu nkibi ntibigira imipaka, ariko ikintu gito nacyo gishobora kugurwa kumuntu ufite uburyohe bwo hagati. Ibirahuri na kristu yubuhanzi bizatuma imbere imbere itagereranywa, byanze bikunze bizaba mumiterere. Ibirango bizasobanurwa kandi nabyo bitangwa mu gihugu cyacu, ariko kugura bizaba bihendutse mu mahanga, kandi guhitamo ni byinshi. Ikintu kimwe cyiza kizaba urwibutso rwiza. Murano ikirahuri, nkihariye rwose, ntayindi, ugomba gukoresha ingingo zitandukanye. Hano tuzasuzuma bike mu bicuruzwa bye gusa, mubitekerezo byacu, dukwiye kwitabwaho cyane.
Reka dutangire na formatia. Uzabona ibicuruzwa bye muri salo hafi ya yose yimpano zuburusiya, ariko impimbano zitangaje. Igiciro cyikirahure cya formia kiri hasi (nubwo rimwe na rimwe twarohamye kubiteranire), kandi urwego rwo gutoranya ubuhanga ni ibintu bidasanzwe. Reba ibintu birashobora kuboneka ubwoko bwose bwimbere kandi nyuma yo gusohoka ivugwa muriyi ngingo. Aeli kubona firale yanyuma yirahuri ongeraho abashushanya neza, hanyuma bakazi bakora ibihangano bitagira isoni zo gutanga cyangwa kuzana nka souvenir. Konk Firms - Ibishusho bitandukanye: amafi, amafarashi, abagabo bato basekeje.
Noneho kuri abahanzi bazwi Murani. Seguso viro yishushanyijeho ibicuruzwa bifite ibara, insanganyamatsiko, ubushyuhe buhebuje. Byongeye kandi, file nziza inyanyanyaga mu bikoresho ku binyampeke nto, bitera ingaruka za marike ya zahabu. Igishushanyo cya Gianpolo Seguzo, uhagarariye ingoma-ifu ya segulo, yashinze akazi kayo muri 1397, akunda guhuza ubwoko butandukanye bwikirahure-codalt, galded, mosaic. Masters yose yashyizweho umukono, arabarwa kandi afite icyemezo. Seguso viro ibigo birimo vase, ibyapa byo gusesagura, ibishusho, plastike nziza.
Amasosiyete abiri aheruka ntabwo akora ibintu kumeza, akazi kabo ni imitako n'impano. Kurangiza ingingo ku kirahure cyashushanyije na Crystal Ishaka inkuru nto ku biranga lalique (Ubufaransa). Umuhanzi Rene Lial yashinze imitako y'imitako iryo ni ryo zina rye, mu 1885. Nyuma, Maestro yatwarwaga nikirahure. Kugirango ukore kristu yayo, isosiyete yashyizeho ikirahuri kidasanzwe hamwe nibirimo bya feza. Votchchychi wo mubindi bicuruzwa, lalique ikubita ikirahuri bishyushye gusa, kandi inzira yo gukonjesha irashobora kumara amasaha arenga 200. Ibintu byose byakozwe intoki muruganda hanyuma unyuze mumashanyarazi ya 30rruk, gukata ibirahuri, nibindi, mbere yo kuba mububiko. Crystal zose zigomba guhitamo neza, ibice 20 gusa byoherejwe byatanzwe bigurishwa. Crystal itunganijwe mubuhanga bwa Satin (kwerekana ubushyuhe). Ubu buhanga bumuha urumuri rwinshi rwimbitse. Ibisasure mu mikorere birimo ibishushanyo, vase, amasahani, ibirahure n'imbonerahamwe ya vino. Ingingo yo kwishima imaze kuva kera amacupa yimyuka yakozwe mugihe ntarengwa kandi hafi ya nyuma. Gusa icyegeranyo kidasanzwe cyumutako cya kirisiti, urunigi, impeta, impeta. Ariko nyamara, icyerekezo nyamukuru cyisosiyete - vase na plastiki nto.
Lalique ikoresha ibishushanyo byumuhanzi bagezweho, hamwe nigishushanyo cyintangiriro ya nkutaha na ba shebuja. Impamvu isanzwe - inyamaswa ninyamanswa nimboga, imibare y'abagore n'abamarayika bashushanyije munsi ya kigezweho na Ar-deco. Lalique yahagaritswe na salon, yerekana icyegeranyo hamwe nikirango cyikirango, urashobora kuboneka kwisi yose. Abafite amasomo kuva ku Lalique barashobora kwizera neza ko bafite ubutunzi nyabwo mumaboko yabo, bitazigera bitakaza agaciro kabo.
Crystal yubuhanzi bwamabara nayo itanga Daum (Ubufaransa) hamwe nuruganda rwizinga rya Murano Zanetti na Gambaroggi.
Ubuyobozi bw'amabwiriza burashimira Hermimimitage.a., Itorero rya Gen Rex