Fondasiyo: Kwishingikiriza ku miterere ituruka ku bwoko bw'ubutaka, hasabwa inzego zasabwe zororotse kandi zigabanya kubungabunga kubaka urufatiro.
Kuramo gukata hamwe na excavator munsi ya Fondasiyo
Imiterere munsi yisahani ya Swimpy yitabwaho ntabwo ari kontour gusa, ahubwo ikanana uburebure bwisahani
Gufunga amazi yo gukora
Kurenza muri rusange uburyo bwashyizweho hamwe no gushimangira
Guhuza gushimangira kugirango utange "gufungura" imiterere yimiterere runaka hamwe nubukomere buhagije
Gukira gakondo byubaka- ukoresheje "kwimuka" mugihe wuzuza urukuta rwohejuru ruture
Kwinjiza inyoromo kuva Valve mbere yuko isahani yuzuye fore
Kuzuza hepfo yikidendezi kizaza
Stroyproevet "
Urufatiro rufite amazi arashobora mugihe gusuka imikorere yiburyo budakurwaho
Mbere yo gukomeza kubaka akazu, ugomba gutekereza kubishushanyo byishingiro ryayo. N'ubundi kandi, urufatiro rugena imbaraga, kwizerwa no kuramba. Buri kimwe muri byo kirihariye muburyo bwayo. Ntabwo ari ngombwa kwihuta hano: yatoranijwe neza, igishushanyo mbonera kibarwa no gushirwa, igihe kinini kizaba wowe. Rero, ibibera hafi yinzu n'amaboko yabo - tekereza ku byiciro by'ingenzi, kandi ibibazo bivuka kuri buri wese muri byo.
Inshuro zirindwi kubyibuha ...
Imvugo "inzu yubatswe kumusenyi" muburyo bw'ikigereranyo bwatuzanira igitekerezo cy'uko nta rufatiro rukwiye inyubako igomba kurimbuka. Ariko muri aya magambo kandi hari ikindi gisobanuro: Inzu irashobora kubakwa idafite urufatiro, kandi bizamera gusa igihe runaka. Gutoranya, kubakwa bibifitiye ubushobozi ni uguhitamo ibiciro byo kurema wizewe, ariko kandi inkunga ihendutse kubaka. Mubisanzwe, ku kazu kabiri-eshatu, agaciro ka chacle ya zeru ni 15-20% yikiguzi cyubwubatsi bwubwubatsi bwuzuye, kandi hamwe no munsi yo hasi cyangwa hamwe na 30%. Ariko bihenze cyane birashobora gutwara urufatiro rw'akazu herekeza ahantu hahanamye cyangwa washyizwe mu gishanga. Igishushanyo cyishingiro buri gihe kidasanzwe muburyo bwacyo. Ibibera hafi yinzu hamwe namaboko yabo biremwa mubyiciro. Ikintu nyamukuru ntabwo ari ugukora amakosa.Ndashaka kwibanda kumuntu umwe ukwirakwira. Rimwe na rimwe, kubara kugabanya kubungabunga, abakiriya bahitamo umushinga usanzwe cyangwa witeguye wakozwe munzu. Nibyo byemewe kugeza birenze ubwenge, kuko urufatiro rushobora gukora ku gishushanyo cyatijwe. Avot isanzwe idakora ibi. Ntacyo bitwaye, ubwoko cyangwa umushinga wihariye biraganirwaho, "mu rukundo no kwita ku bushobozi bw'ubwubatsi n'ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya bikenewe, aho imitungo y'ubutaka ikorwaho iperereza ahavugwa ko kubaka bivugwa. Yoo, birashoboka gutanga ingero nyinshi mugihe abaturanyi bahagaze bisanzwe, kandi novice gitunguranye ikemura angle. Ntukize igice, reba ubutaka. Nkingingo, guhitamo ubutaka bikorwa hamwe nubufasha bwifashe nabi mubwinshi bwa shirth kugeza 5m kugirango inzu itagera kuri 7-10 cyangwa amatafari cyangwa ibuye. Shurfov isaba byibuze bine (ohereza umurongo ku mfuruka yimiterere iri imbere).
Kugira ngo uhambire neza umushinga ugana muri ako karere, dukeneye ibipimo byinshi, mubwoko bw'ubutaka, ubujyakuzimu bwayo no guhagarikwa amazi y'ubutaka, urwego rw'ubutaka, n'ibindi, ubutabazi bw'ubutaka, nibindi. Kandi birumvikana ko imirimo ya zeru ari ubuhanga bwingenzi cyane bwa shobuja. N'ubundi kandi, gutandukana n'umushinga, guhishwa biva mu maso, ubanza ntibishobora kwiyerekana hanze.
Birababaje nyuma yigihe gito biragaragara ko, nk'urugero, granite amatongo igihe yasukaga urufatiro rwa rubbon yasimbuwe na lime, kandi ashimangira ibintu bifatika bya beto. Ndetse iyo ugura akazu kakozwe, ni ngombwa kugerageza gufata ingero za Fondasiyo Masonry (kubara nyirubwite) hamwe nubufasha bwinzobere kugirango ugenzure neza imikorere ya zeru.
Igihe cyose inyubako nshya, ireme ryicyemezo cyo gushushanya no kubaka urufatiro ubwabyo rwategetse. Gusa muri uru rubanza, nyirubwite arashobora gutuza kwizerwa kw'inzu nyuma yo kwandikisha byemewe n'amategeko cyangwa nyuma y'uko abashushanya no kubaka bazazibagirwa ibyo bashinzwe burundu nyuma yo kurangiza garanti ebyiri.
Ibiranga ubutaka
Amakuru yambere kuri gahunda ishoboka yo gushushanya kurufatiro (kaseti, inkingi, ikirundo, ibirundo, nibindi bimaze gutangwa muri "Gukemura Ibisubizo byinzu." Haranzwe kandi muburyo bwubwoko bwubusa (urutare, kinini, umusenyi, ibumba, imiterere-yimbaho, bikaba) kandi biganisha ku rufatiro rukwiye rwa buri wese muri bo. Noneho reka twibande ku buryo ikirere kigira ingaruka ku guhitamo igishushanyo mbonera.
Kubutaka bwinshi bwuburusiya mugihe cyitumba, ubutaka bukonjesha muburebure butari buke. Ntabwo biterwa na geografiya yubutaka, ariko no kurwego rwamazi yubutaka. N'ubundi kandi, ubwiyongere bwiyongereyeho gusuhuza hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwo gukuramo ubutaka kandi niyo mpamvu itera ubukonje. Akock, ihinduka urubura, amazi yiyongera kumyaka hafi 10%, kuzamuka (gutereta) kubice byubutaka mubujyakuzimu bubaho. Ubutaka bushaka gusunika urufatiro rw'isi mu gihe cy'itumba kandi uko bu buryo, "gutinda" hamwe n'urubura rushonga mu mpeshyi. Byongeye kandi, bibaho kimwe hafi ya perimetero ya Fondasiyo kandi bikubiyemo uburyo bwayo ndetse no kugaragara kw'imigabane, no kurimbuka. Imbaraga zidashobora kurera akazu iyo ari yo yose, nubwo ahantu hatandukanye kurubuga hamwe nuburemere butandukanye (hafi 120kn kuri 1m2). Urashobora kubatuburira gusa hamwe nububasha bwisi.
Ubwoko bwose bwimikorere bwemerwa kugirango igabanye mumatsinda abiri manini: Ubutaka butanga ubutaka kandi butarimo ubusa. Kuzunguruka ni ivumbi ryibumba, umusenyi sandy na nto, kimwe na nini, ibikubiye mu ibumba rirenze 15%. Ubutaka bwumuyaga bufite ubupfumu bukabije bwitwa kureremba kandi ntibikoreshwa nkigishingiro cyatewe nubushobozi buke. Ubutaka bunini-bwa Cap Scan, Umusenyi, Kinini na Liciere, ntabwo birimo ibice byibumba, bifatwa nkibidasubizwa kuri cov. Gushiraho iyubakwa ku butaka bw'ubutaka buri gihe buyobowe na regelictory (kubara) uburebure bwa Freezing (Turabisobanura). Rero, kubice bya Moscou ntibibaho munsi ya 1.5m.
Amakuru yerekeye ubutaka mukarere ka Moscou
| Biranga ubutaka | Gusuzuma ingoma yubutaka | Ikwirakwizwa,% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ubwoko | Ubujyakuzimu, M. | Ubuziranenge | Umuvandimwe () *,% | UGN ntarenze 2m | COV irenga 2m | Byose |
| Block nini, urutare, igice- | 2-3. | Mubyukuri bidahari | Munsi ya 1. | 0,3. | 3,1 | 3,4. |
| Sandy (Otmelko- kumurika-uruziga) | 5-6 | Intege nke | 1-3.5 | 17. | imwe | cumi n'umunani |
| Umucanga wibumba | 5-6 | Impuzandengo | 3.5-7 | 26.1 | 36.7 | 62.8 |
| Ikiranga, umusenyi sandy na mato, irekuye | 5-6 | Ikomeye | 7-12. | 3. | 1,6 | 4.6 |
| Clayey | 2-4 | Birenze urugero | Ibindi12. | 9,2 | 2. | 11,2 |
Birazwi neza kubishushanyo mbonera bifite uburebure bwa H. Muri uru rubanza, indege yacyo yo hepfo (gusa) yishingikiriza ku bice bitazigera bikonjesha. Ariko uburambe bwibitekerezo bimaze kwerekana ko igishushanyo nkicyo gifite akamaro gusa numutwaro urenga 120kn, hanyuma urufatiro rwa RIBBON, ni ukuvuga amatafari aremereye hamwe namabuye 2-3 yububiko. Hamwe n'inkuta zoroheje ziva mu kabari, igiti, urumuri rwifuro, umutwaro ufite 40-100 gusa / m. Bizabimenyetso, imbaraga zibice byegeranye byubutaka, bagakora kuri fondasiyo mugihe cyurupfu, birashobora gutuma umuntu ahindura, ahubwo aracyafite imbaraga zo guterana amagambo. Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyamazu adakomeye, ubushobozi bwimbitse bwikigo cyimbitse gikoreshwa na 10-20% gusa, ni ukuvuga 80-90% yibikoresho nuburyo bushora mubikorwa bya zeru.
Kubwibyo, kumazu adasebanya, ikindi gisubizo cyikibazo gisabwa: Shira urufatiro rudahwitse cyangwa ruto rwororoka rubanda ruto rwubutaka, ariko hejuru yimfuruka. Imanza za padi zakoreshejwe igishushanyo ni ikadiri ikomeye buri mwaka mu gihe cy'impeta "ireremba" hamwe n'urugo rworoshye. C1987. Ibihumbi n'ibihumbi by'inyubako nkeya mu gihugu hose byubatswe kuri tekinoroji. Muri icyo gihe, ugereranije n'urufatiro rukomeye, gukoresha beto bigabanywa na 50-80%, kandi imirimo igura 40-70%. Ku karere ka Moscou, ibipimo by'ubwubatsi by'ubutaka bwa TS MF-97 MO yo gushushanya, kubara hamwe nigikoresho cyimiryango myinshi yubwubatsi. Intambwe yo mukarere ka Moscou iri hafi 80% ibyuma. Ukurikije aya mahame, gusa umusingi uherereye ku burebure bwa 0.5-0.8m ugereranije na kashe yo gushushanya (aho kuba umupira w'amakuru 1.5-1.7.
Iyo uruziga rwa zeru rwatoranijwe, icyifuzo gikwiye guhabwa ubutaka butarimo ubusa cyangwa byibuze, ibitsina byimbitse byiki gice cyubutaka bukonje, bizakoreshwa nkigice cyifatizo. Mbere yo kuzuza, binyuzwe nubusambanyi bufite uburebure bwa HP = 0.3-0.5 m yibikoresho bidafite ubusa (imvange ya kaburimbo, umucanga munini cyangwa umucanga munini), na bo ukina Uruhare rwumurongo utwika mubutaka butose. Kumva urufatiro ruto ruto, rushobora kuba inyangamugayo kandi rukwirakwira hejuru.
Hejuru y'inkombe y'ifatizo n'isoko risabwa kugirango birinde ubushuhe bwa capillary, bukurikirwa n'uburebure bwa metero 0.5. Ni iki gikenewe muri IV.dson.e. Nanditse mu "bitabo icumi byerekeye ubwubatsi" Ububiko bw'Abaroma Architect Mark Vitruvius. Ishingiro rikorwa mubikoresho bitari Hygascopique - Hoatun, ibuye risanzwe, ryatwitse ituma ryuzuye amatafari yuzuye cyangwa ashimangiye beto. Byongeye kandi, uwanyuma afatika hamwe nisura yinyuma hamwe nigisubizo cyamazi ako kanya nyuma ya platifomu.
Uzuza uruziga rwa zeru hafi yinzu kugeza ku 1.5m z'ubugari hamwe n'umusozi hanze. Ntabwo arinzesigisi gusa nimvura n'amazi yubutaka, ariko nanone akora imikorere yo gushushanya hamwe nubusitani bwurubuga. Gutandukanya inzu bituma habaho urwego rutatu: ibumba ryoroshye rimenetse, hanyuma amabuye yajanjaguwe cyangwa amatafari yamenetse, igisubizo cyiza-chavery cyangwa asfalt.
Ubwoko bwubutaka bwo kubakwa hakurikijwe ibiteganijwe
| Plot | Agace k'abatabazi | Isoko yubushuhe | Inguni, m * |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yumye | Imisozi miremire, ahantu hato, ikibuga cy'imbuto z'amazi | Imvura | Byinshi cyangwa bingana na h + z |
| Mbisi | Ahantu ho gufungwa, ahantu hahanamye, ibase hamwe nibimenyetso byerekana umuriro | Imvura yo mu kirere kandi amazi yubutaka, igice | Munsi ya h + z |
| Itose | Kugabanya ibibaya, ibase, ibibaya bicalanal, ibishanga | Imvura yo mu kirere, ubutaka n'amazi yo mu mazi | Munsi |
* - z - intera nto kurubi rwa shampiyona yo gukonjesha kurwego rwamazi yubutaka, aho aba nyuma batagira ingaruka kuri baudding.
Urufatiro rudacogora cyangwa ruto rworore
Inzobere za Stroyinvest zemeza neza ko gahunda yubaka yororotse igomba kugenwa nyuma yubuhanga bushoboka bwo kubara ubutaka bushingiye ku butaka (ubuhemu no hejuru cyane. Izi migambi ntizigomba kuba indangagaciro zimuwe kugirango igishushanyo mbonera cyatoranijwe. Kubwibyo, igice kinini-cyinzu gifatwa nkumutwaro gusa, ariko kandi nkikintu gikora cyimiterere: hejuru cyane kubakwa, gucika intege ugereranije nubutaka bushingiye ku butaka.Ibikoresho byinzu yinzu bifitanye isano itaziguye hamwe nubutaka: gito ni, niko bitandukanye cyane nibikoresho byabo. Ariko hariho imwe idasanzwe: Mugihe habuze kwihuta, umufatiro uhendutse neza birashoboka, kandi inkuta zirashobora kuba zituruka gusa. Fondasiyo ya kaseti izakomeza guhangayikishwa n'inyongera z'amatafari cyangwa inkuta za beto ifunzwe, amatafari ya charamite, amatafari. Ifunguro ridakomeye ryo kubungabunga imbaraga zitandukanye kugirango zitere umusego uhuza munsi yumusingi. Ingano yambere na kabiri ingano yishingiro ryurufatiro hamwe nurukuta rw'amatafari rusanzwe rugarukira ku ndangagaciro 88m. Avot hamwe no gukundana no gukoresha ibifunga bizemerera amatafari, kwigana gusa muri Polikirpich. Gukomera no gukabya ubutaka bugabanya guhitamo ibikoresho byinkuta kubiti. Nibyo, kandi igihe kirashoboka gusa mugihe ukoresheje uruganda rufunze hamwe nurubuga rwa monolithic, kandi rutarinze ni ikadiri gusa.
Guhitamo ibikoresho kugirango umukandara wororewe neza kandi biterwa nubutaka. Hamwe no kubyara cyane, gusa monolithic yongeye gushimangira beto birakwiye. Hamwe na monolithic ikomeye yashimangiye ibintu bifatika cyangwa bishimangirwa, bifitanye isano rikomeye. Mubice biciriritse-monolitte of beto cyangwa beto, byashyizwe mumyambarire kubisubizo. Invonale, hamwe na monolitte ya monolitte cyangwa beto (ibumba-beto) yashyizwe mu bwisanzure, idahuzana, kimwe na boot ofrete, Twabibutsa ko, ugereranije, ugereranyije, urufatiro rukomeye kandi rukabije, Urufatiro rwa RIBBON rugomba kuba ikadiri imwe yakozwe na sisitemu ikomeye ya kaseti. AESLI gukomera kw'urukuta rw'urukuta bizaba ari umukandara udahagije, kandi ushimangirwa ukwiye gutangwa mu rwego rwo guhuzagurika.
Ariko ingorane ntizirangira. Birakenewe kuzirikana uburebure bwinguni, kuva iyo byiyongereye, ubutaka burakaze. Ingaruka zigabanuka, kavuza hepfo yumwobo kuri rubbon Foundation cyangwa wohereza urubuga rwinkingi. Byongeye kandi, urashobora gukora ecran yubutaka bwo kurinda amazi kugirango bigarure imyanya y'amazi muri zone yubukonje buturuka ku bice by'ubutaka hepfo kandi bigarukira ku mazi y'ubutaka. Ikimenyetso kigabanya gusa igiti gusa, ahubwo cyongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubutaka. Ingaruka imwe igerwaho yo kwibizwa mubutaka bwibice bifunze. Urufatiro rwinyenyeri kuri nka nkiyi ni byiza gusaba cyane cyane kurukuta rwimbaho. Ibi kandi bireba no gutanga amanota magufi (piramidal na psimatic) hamwe nibirundo bikurura.
Ku mbibi kandi, cyane cyane, ahantu hatose, birakenewe ko hamanuka ubukorikori, kugabanya amazi y'ubutaka ukoresheje imiterere y'amazi, amatora y'amazi, trayches. Muri iki kibazo, agaciro Z yatoranijwe ukurikije imbonerahamwe ikurikira.
Igihe cyo gushyiraho uruganda rwubwubatsi rwa zeru kizaba kuva muminsi 5 kugeza 30 (bitewe n'akarere ka gahunda).
Inzego zasabwe zinzego nziza
| Kugura. | Inzu y'ibintu * | Gahunda Yubaka Yemewe ** | |
|---|---|---|---|
| hamwe na uG utarenze 2 | Hamwe na uG kuri 2m | ||
| Mubyukuri bidahari | 1,2 | Inkingi (DOXERS) | Inkingi (DOXERS) |
| 1-6 | Ribbon (Dyshgv) | Ribbon (Dyshgv) | |
| Intege nke | 1,2 | Inkingi (Dyshgbv) | Inkingi (Dyshgbv) |
| 1-5 | Ribbon (Dyshgv) | Ribbon (Dyshgv) | |
| 1-6 | Ribbon ku musego uringaniye (d + hp hejuru y'inguni) | Ribbon ku musego uringaniye (d + hp hejuru y'inguni) | |
| 1,2 | Kashe ku musego uringaniye (d + hp hejuru y'inguni) | Kashe ku musego uringaniye (d + hp hejuru y'inguni) | |
| 1-4 | Ribbon ku musego uringaniye (d + hp hejuru y'inguni) | Ribbon ku musego uringaniye (d + hp hejuru y'inguni) | |
| 1-5 | Guhagarika amanota (byoroshye kuri 0.5m) | Ribbon mu mwobo (ndyaje) | |
| Ikomeye | imwe | Ribbon ku musego uringaniye (d + hp hejuru y'inguni) | Ribbon ku musego uringaniye (d + hp hejuru y'inguni) |
| 1,2 | Gutsinda guhagarika hamwe na Monolitform Monolithic (AFT munsi ya0.5m) | Ribbon mu mwobo (ndyaje) | |
| Birenze urugero | imwe | Ribbon ku musego uringaniye (d + hp hejuru y'inguni) | Ribbon ku musego uringaniye (d + hp hejuru y'inguni) |
| 1,2 | Guhagarika amanota hamwe na Monolitform (cae munsi ya 0.5 | Ribbon mu mwobo (ndyaje) |
* - 1 - Ikadiri y'ibiti; 2 - Ibiti by'ibiti; 3 - Ikariso yubukwe yimbaho hamwe na pollipich; 4 - beto ifura; 5 - ceramzibeton; 6 - Amatafari muri 1.5 cyangwa 2kurpich
** - D- Degeti yo gufatira umusingi ugereranije numushinga Mark, m.
Munsi yo munsi cyangwa inkoni?
Ni ngombwa ko urukuta rwo hasi ruherereye kure yindege itekanye ziva mu ndege yimbere yurufatiro rwatsinzwe neza. Ibi bizakuraho ingaruka zo kubikwa munsi yisi yubutaka kuruhande rwinkuta zo hasi. Intera yatoranijwe bitewe nindangagaciro za etage hamwe nimbuto zifatizo, impuzandengo yikigereranyo, impuzandengo yimiterere nibiranga ubutaka. Niba intera yo kubitekerezo byubaka igomba kugabanywa cyangwa muri rusange isabwa gushyira munsi y'urukuta, hanyuma iya nyuma igomba kuba ibarwabukiye, kuko izakora igitutu cya mbere cyo kwagura ubutaka bwakonje hamwe nigitutu cya hydrostatike y'amazi y'ubutaka. Urukuta rwahujwe nisinzure kandi urufatiro rugomba kubahirizwa.Ikindi gisubizo kirashobora gukora munsi yubusa (bisa gato nindorerezi iriba ryitumanaho ryumujyi). Muri iki kibazo, umutwaro wunamye umutwaro uhinduka muburyo budahwitse. Iyi fomu ijyanye cyane cyane ahantu henshi, munsi yimbitse cyangwa intera ntoya hagati yurukuta rwo hasi nindege yimbere ya Fondasiyo.
Urufatiro rw'isi rugomba kurindwa amazi n'amazi, n'inkuta z'ibintu, hiyongereyeho, nanone byizewe mu gukumira gukonjesha. Amazi akorwa ukoresheje igikundiro cyuzuyemo kandi avanze, urupapuro na film byambuye ibikoresho, kimwe no kwinjira (byinjira) bivanze. Nibyo, bamwe muribo (bashingiye kuri bitumen) kuburyo batakaza elastique yubushyuhe buturika. Aruta yamaze gucibwa no guhagarika ibibanza. Mwebwe abashaka kumenya byinshi kuri ubu buryo bugoye bwo kubaka no gukora umurimo wo kubaka no kwishyiriraho, turagugira inama yo kwerekeza ku kiganiro "gutanga amazi". Ngaho urashobora kandi kubona amakuru yerekeye ubwishingizi bwumuhengeri. Nibyo, vuba aha biragenda bigarukira gusa kubintu bikwiye (kuri bistumen mastic) kurukuta rwimbere rwo hasi yimpapuro 20mm ubyimbye hamwe na plaque ikurikira.
Kurengera ruswa bikorwa muburyo bubiri. Iya mbere ni ugukoresha ibikoresho birwanya ruswa no gukora ibyangombwa byubaka (kurinda abanza). Inzira ya kabiri yerekana gushyira mu bikorwa amakera kwigana, adashyizwemo beto cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwo kurinda electrochemical. Kurengera Inzamba, kashe idasanzwe yakoreshejwe cyane, urugero CECOMORKE YEMEJWE N'IBIKORWA kimwe ninyongera zidasanzwe zongera kurwanya imiti. Abashoramari bakuru bazaguha ubundi buryo bwo kurinda ipemba.
Ariko uburinzi bwa kabiri bushobora kuba butandukanye cyane. Biterwa n'agaciro ka Sydrogène PN y'amazi yubutaka hamwe nibigize imiti irabagirana ibikangiwe nibidukikije byanduye ibidukikije. Dukurikije abayobozi ba Saisi, ibiranga nyamukuru biranga abakozi bakinga ni uguhindura hejuru yibikoresho no kubungabunga imitungo yigihe kinini mubikorwa byibitangazamakuru bidafite ubukana. Kubwibyo, kenshi kandi kenshi kurinda ibice byubutaka byinyubako yitabaza ibikoresho bishya bishingiye kuri reberi ya synthetic. Urugero rwurugero rushobora kuzanwa kidahenze (1m2 kugeza $ 2) Ikimenyetso cya kabiri cya Sailast51 kirabarwa ku bushyuhe kuva -60 kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi burenze imyaka 20 kuri deformation yemewe ya kugeza 30%. Ibikoresho bisa (ariko bihe bihenze) bitangwa ku isoko ryacu rya Semin (Ubufaransa), indangagaciro), Ubutaliyani Baucmie (Ubudage), nibindi.
Urufatiro rwo hejuru
Abahanga mu birwa bild bizera ko bafite urukuta runini rw'akazu, "inzira ya sogokuru" ni ishyirwaho rya monolithic zishimangirwa hamwe nimbaraga zubutaka. Gusa iki gishushanyo kizatanga inyubako ndende kandi guhuza nkibisasu no gukwirakwiza ubutaka. Igisubizo ni ukugaragaza kugoreka no kugabanuka kwonda. Ubuhe buryo bwa verrex y'ubu buryo ni isahani ikomeye yashimangiye ("iteka ryose") mu karere kose k'urugo, ihuza imirimo y'ifatizo n'igorofa yo hasi, nkuko bisanzwe kuzura amagorofa menshi. Mubisanzwe, igishushanyo nkiki nicyo gihenze kandi kitoroshye kwishyiriraho, nubwo gikuraho gukenera gushyira ishingiro ryifatizo riruta gukata, kandi urukuta ruri runini. Zeru Urutonde rwubwubatsi ruzarangira muminsi 45-90.
Bamaze kurangiza kuranga, batangira gucukura urwobo. Mbere yuko urufatiro rwujujwe rutagomba kuba, bitabaye ibyo biragoye kuvanaho kumeneka no gukata ubutaka buyobowe n'imvura. Noneho, kubutaka bwibumba, gutegura ibintu bifatika hamwe nubwinshi bwa m cyangwa gutunganya ibice bibiri bya hydrokhotlozol kugirango birinde ubutaka bwamata kugirango birinde ubutaka bwamata kugirango birinde ubutaka no kuzamura ubushuhe mugihe kizaza. Niba ubutaka ari umusenyi cyangwa umusenyi, hashyizweho mbere, nyuma yo gukora umusego wa magero wasutswe na bitumen mastic. Hanyuma usuka amashyiga hanyuma urufatiro. Mbere yo kuzuza isahani ya becrefed yemewe, ubunini bwa 0.25-0.3 m yashyizwe hamwe na gride y'icyuma kuva kunganya kw'ikirango zh10aiii cyangwa zh8iii. Niba igaraje ryashyizwe kururu rwego, ni byiza kongera ubunini bwa metero 0.5-0,6, kandi niba ikidendezi, igikombe cyacyo nicyo gikombe cyacyo gihingwa mbere yo gutangira inkuta zo hasi.
Umutekano uri kure kuva ku mfuruka kugera ku rubibi rw'ubukonje
| Biranga ubutaka | Z, M. |
|---|---|
| Imbaga y'ibinure | 3.5 |
| Ibumba ryibumba, ikiringo, harimo ivumbi | 2.5 |
| Supse, harimo umukungugu | 1.5 |
| Umusenyi muto na ivumbi | imwe |
Guta agaciro kwubaka
Nigute ushobora kuba niba ushaka gukora umusingi utagaragara, ariko hariho umupaka umwe "muto": inzitizi muburyo? Ikibazo gishobora gukemurwa ukoresheje tekinoroji ya Tise, kubijyanye n'ubushobozi bwabo tuzabwira urugero rw'inkingi-RIBBON. Muri iki kibazo, igishushanyo cyizewe hamwe no kunyereza umutungo wenyine uri munsi yuburemere bwimbaraga zirashobora guterwa mu bwigenge cyangwa ubutumire bw'abanyamwuga, ariko badafite ibikoresho byo kubaka. Birahagije kugura gusa umusingi wa "Tise-F" hamwe numuhinzi wo kwiyamamaza (twamubwiye kuri we "ubwoko bushya bwisoko"). Turashobora kwikinisha hejuru yubutaka buremereye hamwe no kwagura wenyine mu isaha. Noneho gushimangira byashyizwemo kandi igice cyagutse gisutswe na beto, nyuma yigihe gito "ishati" yagabanijwe (kugirango igabanye ibihuru byubutaka hamwe ninkingi) hanyuma ukomeze kuzuza hejuru. Inkingi nkiyi ibona umutwaro ugera kuri 130kn irashobora kurangirira hejuru yihuta cyangwa irangi nkuko byashushanyije hejuru yubutaka. Ku rubanza rwa mbere, urutonde rw'inkingi ku cyerekezo cy'inzu rugize urufatiro rw'inkingi, kandi muri kaseti ya kabiri.
Birakenewe kuva mu kirere muri 0.1-0.15M kwishyura indishyi zo kwimurwa, bitabaye ibyo Foundation Foundation ishobora kumena inkingi y'itumba mu gihe cy'itumba. Icyuho kimwe kizatanga imibonano mpuzabitsina ntarengwa ya shelengi ifite ubutaka ikonje kandi igabanye igihombo cyubushyuhe. Kugira ngo tuganire ku gihe cya zeru zeru, biterwa nuburyo bwo gutegura akazi, biragoye cyane. Ariko, ikoranabuhanga riroroshye guhagarika inzira umwanya uwariwo wose (mu gihe cy'itumba) ndetse nta gushonga bisabwa igishushanyo kiva hejuru: kubera kwaguka kw'ibintu, ubutaka bw'amasoko ntibuzamuka.
Hamwe no guhinduka gato mugushingwa neza, birashoboka gukora urufatiro rwo kurwanya imiti mu ikoranabuhanga rimwe. Noneho gushimangira bifatwa nurudodo kumpera. Igice cyo hepfo cyurudodo gishyirwa mubice byagutse byinkingi, no hejuru hejuru yishyamba. Nyuma yo gukora urufatiro no guhumeka, gushimangira, gukomera ku mbuto zo hejuru, nyuma yubutaka bwasimbujwe uruvange rwumucanga na Play, slag). Ikintu kiranga urufatiro ni ukubura urwego gakondo cyangwa urwego rusanzwe ruri hagati yurukuta na pariki. Ibi bivanaho shingiro ryabashakanye kumatiku yubutaka. Imashini yinkingi ifite ikadiri ikora ubwoko bwa elastike hinge ibuza kohereza umwanzuro utambitse wigice cyo hepfo yinkingi. Inkingi izaterwa na elastike hinge, imvange y'ibindi, kandi imbaraga zo gukomeretsa imbaraga buri gihe zizasubira mu kiraro hamwe n'inzu mu mwanya wa mbere. Igishushanyo nkiki gishinzwe ubushishozi gikora neza hamwe na oririzontal yataye hatambitse hamwe na amplitude agera kuri 10mm nigihe cya 0.1-1.5 c, bitera kurimbuka kwinshi mugihe cya radiyo.
Ibyifuzo bifatika
imwe. Igihagararo cyumushinga ninshingano zayo kubiciro bishoboka kubishoboka byiyongera bifitanye isano no kurandura ibihujwe biboneka mugikorwa cyo kubaka n'inenge muri uwo mushinga. Iyo ushushanyijeho kandi wubaka akazu k'umuryango umwe, iki kibazo ntikizavuka, kandi cyifashishijwe icyiciro gishoboka. Intambwe zirashobora kwishyurwa, kurugero, ku buryo bukurikira: Igishushanyo nubushakashatsi bwakazi, "gufunga" agasanduku kwuzuza idirishya nigisenge), itumanaho ryimbere hamwe nubutaka bwo hanze nubutaka.
2. Iyo gucukura imyobo munsi yisi, ucumitswe nibyiza gukora ubujyakuzimu bwa 0.1-0.2 ntabwo bisabwa, hanyuma bisukuye kandi bihuze hepfo yintoki. Ibi bizagabanya ibirenge byo hasi yifatizo kandi byemeza ko ari byinshi bihuye nubutaka.
3. Imikorere ya zeru yakozwe mugihe cyizuba cyizuba, mugihe urufatiro ruto rwororerwa rudashoboka gusuka mu rufatiro rukonje. Mu bushyuhe buturika, kuzungurwa bigomba gukorwa ubudahwema, hakoreshejwe ibirango bidasanzwe bya beto, ishyirahamwe ry'imirimo no gushyushya fatizo ry'ubwuzu bwuzuye kugeza rishyizwemo.
Bane. Iyo ubutaka bwuzuye amazi yubutaka mugihe cyo kuzuza umusingi, ibikoresho byimisego bigomba kurindwa ingano zishoboka. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, bifatwa ukurikije kontour n'ibikoresho bya astring hamwe cyangwa kwitandukanya kuva kumwanya wamazi hamwe na firime ya polymer.
bitanu. Ibikururwa bya zeru mu gihe cy'itumba bizasunikwa mubutaka cyane kuruta igihe agasanduku kwongo kashyizwe kuri. Kubwibyo, bigomba gushyirwa muri uwo mwaka, kabone niyo byabanje gukonjesha kwisi.
6. Ifunguro rya mugitondo nibyiza kumurongo wimbere kugirango uvemo ibice bibiri - utahaze igisubizo cyangwa ngo ushireho Asfalt. Dukurikije urwego rwa Truvature yumurongo wawo ukoraho urufatiro, bizashoboka kugereranya ukuri kwimiterere ya zeru kandi ireme ryakazi.
Ubuyobozi bwa ESPORIAL burashimira isosiyete "stroyinvest", "Euro bild", "Tise", "Statatantembwe mu gutegura ibikoresho.
