Ibipimo byo guhitamo gari ya moshi ku bwiherero, ubwoko butandukanye, tekiniki nigiciro.
Iyo ushizemo "abanyamahanga" muri sisitemu ya Dhw, ahantu habo hasudikuye
Ku bitugu bya "wagon" byoroshye gukama imyenda yo hejuru
Guhuza intera ihumure ryibikoresho no gutanga ibikoresho no gutanga imiyoboro, hari ibintu bitandukanye
Birakonje kandi ntibyoroshye mu bwiherero bwawe? Ntabwo ukwiye gukoresha igitambaro gitose? Niba ibibazo byombi washubije mubikorwa byemeza, ntukicuze amafaranga kandi ugure gari ya moshi igezweho.
Gari ya moshi nziza yo gushyuha izahindura ubwiherero muri oasisi yubushyuhe no guhumurizwa. Bitabaye ibyo, bizashoboka muri yo nta kwihuta kwambura, fata inzira zamazi, na nyuma yo gukama umubiri ufite igitambaro cyumye kandi gishyushye.
Iyi nkuru yategetse ko racora yicyato igezweho yatinze yatangiye kwinjira ku isoko ry'Uburusiya kuva mu mahanga. Ariko mumyaka 2-3 ishize, hamwe nabo, ibintu byiza cyane byibigo byimbere mu rugo byatangiye kugaragara.
Intambwe y'amateka
Icyitegererezo cyibikoresho bigezweho byo gushyushya mu bwiherero ni ikintu kidasanzwe cyo gutwika lisansi kama. No muri Roma ya kera, abaturage bakize bashyirwaho iruhande rwibanjirije bogeye ibikombe byagati, aho amakara yatwitse. Muri icyo gihe, ubuso bw'abihe yashyutswe kugeza ku bushyuhe bukabije kandi bugaragaza ubushyuhe, tukesha umuntu wiyuhagira yageragejwe, kandi imyenda irashize yumye hafi. Amakositiya yo mu Burayi Amajyaruguru mu myaka yo hagati, icyumba cyo kwiyuhagira cyari gishyushye n'amatako. Hafi aho, kuri inkono idasanzwe, igitambaro gishyushye, zumye ku mibiri y'abatware n'abandi bantu b'icyubahiro. Tumaze rero, abakurambere bacu bazi ko guhanagura igitambaro cyumye cyumye birinda guhumeka cyane kuva hejuru yuruhu, bituma bibabaza ndetse rimwe na rimwe, byangiza ubuzima bungana numubiri. Imitsi ifatika, ifite ingaruka zibabaza mugihe cyibitero bya rheumatism, nibindi Cxix. Mu Burayi, amazi adasanzwe y'amazi yari menshi, yagenewe gushyushya ubwiherero bwa buri muntu, yumisha ibicuruzwa no kurwanya ubuhinzi bwo kugwa ku rukuta. Auzenguruka mu ntangiriro ya xxv. Amazi ya Calorieres-Towel yashyizwe mu nyubako hafi ya Moscou mu rubanda rw'abaturage.Mu gihano cy'inyanja
Uyu munsi mu maduka yacu irerekana igitambaro cy'Uburusiya namahanga ashyushye moya eshatu: amazi, amashanyarazi kandi ahujwe. Bose barashobora gushingwa ibyuma cyangwa imiyoboro yumuringa. Byongeye kandi, kubera ubwiherero ubwo aribwo bwose, bwakorwa muburyo bwa Louisixiv cyangwa, Ahubwo, muburyo bwa tekinoroji yubuhanga, urashobora guhitamo igikoresho gihuza imbere.
Muri gari ya moshi yatwitse, mu Nkongo Yitwa "Inzoka" (umwirondoro wabo ubusanzwe wibutswa n'inyuguti z'inyuguti z'Uburusiya, urugero P, B, M, cyangwa Ibindi Byanditswe BY'ABANDI, Birashoboka Isi itazwi, indimi). Ibyinshi byatanzwe "indabyo" hamwe na rectilinear cyangwa kugoramye muburyo bwo gukora, ellipse, nibindi. "Intambwe".
Itsinda ryanyuma ryibikoresho by'ibyuma binini cyane, n'ibisobanuro by "ishyamba", byakoreshejwe mu bigize icyitegererezo cyayo kigize, bigomba gufatwa nkibisabwa. Bandi bagore "Abagabo" bakijije, amashyirahamwe atandukanye arashobora kubaho mubantu batandukanye. Kurugero, moderi "intambwe" zometse ku miyoboro nyamukuru iherereye uruhande rumwe rwa gari ya moshi ya kera, birasa cyane numusatsi mwiza uhuza ibimamara. Hamwe no gushyira imbere imiyoboro nyamukuru na asimmetric- "intambwe" (igice cyibumoso, igice cyiburyo), gari ya moshi irasa nigiti gito, ku mashami yacyogasi yimyenda itose. Nibyiza, icyitegererezo skeleton yabo cyangwa igice gifunze neza neza neza neza, byaremewe rwose nabakunda ibihimbano, kuko bashobora kurenga ibisobanuro byimbere yimbere.
Nk'uko uburyo bwo kwimura ubushyuhe mucyumba, amagaze ashyushye yakozwe mu ibyuma by'icyuma ari aya byiciro by'ibikoresho bya convices. Hafi ya 25% yubushyuhe bubanjiramo bunjira mucyumba muburyo bwimirasire yubushyuhe, bugira uruhare mu gushyushya umubiri utose. Guhindura convection (ibisigaye 75%) bishyuha vuba numwuka wicyumba. Amasezerano yubu bwoko bwibikoresho arimo igishushanyo cya ergonomic, umutekano (tubikesha inguni ya federasiyo), uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona hejuru yumukungugu.
Inzoka Yashyushye Igitambaro irashobora kugira glande idasanzwe-gland ikwemerera kuzunguruka "imyenda ya 90 cyangwa 180. hamwe nimyenda yo kumisha imyenda, nibindi bikoreshwa nka Ibikoresho by'inyongera..
Hamwe na tubular, amazi kandi ihujwe na cawel towel gari ya moshi yerekanwa ku isoko, ryakozwe hashingiwe ku miribo ya Aluminium. Ibi bikoresho ni panel nziza. Ku buso bwabo imbere, abafite igitambaro cyiza bahari, bafatanije imyenda, inkweto zimisha, nibindi. Ibikoresho nkibi bitanga umwuka uhagije ugurumana muburebure bwubwiherero, bitandukanijwe nimbaraga za mashini kandi mugihe gito.
Ntibishoboka kutavuga ibyiciro byihariye byamashanyarazi ashyushye igitambaro cyamashanyarazi; Ibi bikoresho byagaragaye mububiko bwihariye ugereranije. Hariho moderi isa namashanyarazi ya none, kimwe nicyitegererezo, isa cyane nimbuto za aluminium zasobanuwe haruguru. Umubare wimirasire yubushyuhe muri ibi bikoresho mubisanzwe ntabwo urenga 3-10% yubushyuhe bwuzuye. Ibikoresho nkibi birashobora gukora imirimo itandukanye: Gushyushya kugata ku bucuruzi cyangwa ku gahato, guhumeka umwuka, byumye no gushyushya ibicuruzwa, guhumeka no gusukura ikirere mu bwiherero, nibindi. Ibikoresho kubahuza bigomba guterwa no gushyuha ku gahato icyumba no kumisha igitambaro. Moderi zimwe zisa neza, zirashobora gushyirwaho mubwiherero bwakarere gato.
Mu ijambo, hitamo iki. Ariko mubikorwa, ntabwo ari urugero ukunda birashobora gutangwa ahantu hose. Biragaragara, birakenewe kubara mubiranga coolant ikoreshwa munzu.
Ntakintu Lukovo
Uwahendutse cyane (niba mugereranije ibiciro byumurwango, kimwe nibiciro byo gukora mubuzima bwumujyi) ushyushya ubwiherero mu nyubako ndende yumujyi ni amazi ashyushye igitambaro, gishobora guhuzwa namazi ashyushye umuyoboro uzenguruka (DHW). IRIBURIRO RUGENDO RUGENDE, SYSTEM YUMUKIZA, HHW, hanyuma, Gari ya moshi yashyushye itangwa n'amazi ashyushye (mu gisaku cy'ibyumweru bitatu mu mpeshyi, - iki gihe igitambaro kizaba gifite gutembera ku zuba). Ibisabwa byamazi yashyushye igitambaro muri sisitemu ya GV biragoye cyane, bikabije. Amazi ashyushye yuzuye hamwe na ogisijeni kandi afite ubushyuhe bukabije (kugeza kuri 70-75c), niyo mpamvu hejuru yimbere yikikoresho cyo gushyushya ishobora gukorerwa kurorimbuka. Ingaruka mbi kuri gari ya moshi ya kera itangwa numuvuduko mwinshi wakazi (8-10 atm), gukuramo hydraulic bibaho mumiyoboro yakozwe na valsunctions yimbere. Kubwibyo, birashoboka guhuza sisitemu ya DHW kuri sisitemu ya DHW, ishoboye igihe kirekire (burenze imyaka 20-30) kunanira "ogisijeni", buhoro buhoro hamwe na siyanse kandi bazi neza ko badaturika .Nibyiza abo tuziranye "inzoka" zose, bikozwe mu miyoboro ikomeye-ibipimo binini by'urukuta rwa mm 2,5-3, hasohokana ibi bisabwa, ariko abideesthetics basiga byinshi kugirango bifuze. Icyitegererezo cyateye imbere hamwe na Polymer yimbere kandi itezimbere kumurongo wo hanze ya chromium cyangwa amarangi mashya akorwa ahanini namasosiyete yo murugo, nka kimera ibikoresho bya pipeline (CWS). Igiciro cyinzoka zacu "inzoka" kuva ku mafaranga 180-1000. igice.
Nibura imyaka 20 nkorera muri sisitemu ya Dhw, ibikoresho bya stel idafite ibyuma. Urugero rwo kuzamurwa mu buryo bugaragara ku Isoko ry'Uburusiya ry'abahebutanyi zo mu mahanga ntirishobora kuba " (kuva $ 45). "Urwego" rw'icyuma kitagira ingano, nishushanyijeho ibuye risanzwe, ritanga isosiyete "igihe" (5400-11000 marume).
Muburyo bwo gushushanya
Ubuso bw'igitambaro gishyushye gishushanyijeho harashushanyijeho ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ritandukanye, Chromium, Icrolite, ndetse no, bisabwe n'uwagusabye mu ruganda (mbere yugurisha. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe abaguzi bahitamo gushya igitambaro gishyushye ku ngabo zabo. Kugira urugo kwirinda, ni byiza gukoresha ahabona bwihariye igenewe Amapareye ucanire, nko Suproradiator Point (Holland), Diamand Heizkorperlak, Dufa Heizkorperlak cyangwa Mipa Mipatherm (Germany), Beckers Elementfarg Alkid (Switzerland) n'abandi.
Witondere inyuma ya gari ya moshi ya kera bisobanura kuvana umukungugu. Mugihe kimwe, kugirango usukure moderi ya tubular nibyiza gukoresha bhanaguka idasanzwe mu bwoya bw'intama. Kugirango dukureho umwanda mubikoresho bya Chrome na Nikel, ntibishoboka gukoresha imyiteguro, harimo ibibabi bikomeye na soda, mugihe basenya igice gito. Umuringa usukuye hasukuwe uburyo buteye isoni, kandi nibabura, chalk n'ibisubizo by'ibiribwa cyangwa soda ya chable. Ibikoresho byapakiwe bya zahabu birimo guhindagura ipamba gusa, bimubora muri turpentine, ettyl inzoga cyangwa abahakana.
Amaherezo, m- na P na P-shusho yapfuye, Razel En Rorprises "Santechkoribator" akwiranye no gukora muri gahunda za GV, ikozwe mu miringa irwanya intandaro. Ibikoresho nkibi bitanga kandi igihingwa cyo gukora ibyuma N157 i St. Petersburg. Kuva mu mahanga, "inzoka" na "Lestaka" itanga itsinda rya Sira (Ubutaliyani), Rejdesign (Finlande), Margaroli (Ubutaliyani). Igiciro cyumuringa wo murugo gushyuha igitambaro cyigitambara kiva mumafaranga 500-1000., Kandi moderi itumizwa mu mahanga irahagije (ni byinshi mu manza zitari munsi yinshuro 2). Hano hari inzoka zihenze, ahubwo ni uruganda rukora "400-900) kuva umuyoboro wa aluminium (wakozwe na temp, rostov) ku isoko. Ariko bagomba gukoreshwa gusa muburyo bwo gushyushya akazu k'abakajaga, ariko ntabwo bari mumurongo wumujyi wa dhw.
Umuhuza w'ingirakamaro
Niba utarangwa muburyo hanyuma ukashyiraho umurimo wo kurema imbere yumwimerere mu bwiherero mu bwiherero, ntuzashobora kunyura mu bwiherero, "urwego" kuva muri theweli. "MM 1-2 ) imiyoboro y'ibyuma. Ibikoresho nkibi byatanzwe na Arubini (Ubudage-Ubudage), Brandoni, ISAP, CELACH (OSTRIA (Otirishiya), Umubumbyi), Turukiya Ububiligi). Urashobora guhora ukunda ibice bya Radiators-Towel Railmp (Otirishiya) yakozwe na aluminium. Igiciro cyibikoresho byababikora biratandukanye mumadorari 200-4000, bitewe nicyitegererezo gikoreshwa nukwegera, nibindi. Ibicuruzwa bitandukanye namakuru meza yo hanze kandi arashobora gukora byizewe kandi kuva kera, ariko ... gusa muri sisitemu ifunze yo gushyushya amazu yo mugihugu, aho ubwiherero bwaba ari kimwe mubibanza bishyushye nicyumba cyo kugiti cyaka. Avot hamwe numushoferi wa sisitemu yo mumijyi ya Dhw Towel Rails kumiyoboro yoroheje yicyuma kandi aluminium na nini kandi bikaba bidahuye.Ibi bikoresho birashobora guhuzwa na sisitemu yo hagati binyuze mumurongo wikubye kabiri Adapter. Igikoresho cyateguwe kandi gikorerwa na societe yikirusiya "igihe" (gishinzwe 1100-1500 rubles). Ukurikije kontour ya mbere yubushyuhe bwumutungo, bikozwe mu muyoboro urambye-uhagaze, amazi ashyushye ya sisitemu ya DHW igenda. Ubukonje bwa kabiri bukonje buvanze buva muri yo, burimo gari ya moshi ihebuje. Kuzenguruka gukonjesha mumuzunguruko no guteka bisanzwe (gravitional).
Inzoka za ODE
Umunsi umwe, impanuka zirenga 900 (!) Zanditswe muri sisitemu ya Dhw ya Moscou, ibyinshi bikunze gutoranya bidakwiye cyangwa kwishyiriraho gari ya moshi ya kera. Kwishura ibyangiritse biterwa nimpanuka nkiyi ni impuzandengo ya $ 800. Kugabanya amahirwe yibi bibazo nkibi, guhitamo no kwishyiriraho gari ya moshi ya kera cyane birahagije kugirango ushinge umuryango wabiherewe uruhushya nuburambe bwimirimo ijyanye. AESLESY yanashoboye kugura igikoresho gifite ubwishingizi bwugurisha (ibi birabigaragaza, Urugero, inzu yubucuruzi ya Giel hamwe nibicuruzwa bya sira ibiciro byose bifitanye isano nibikoresho byangirika Isosiyete y'ubwishingizi.
Mu mujyi wo mu mijyi usimbuye ubwoko bumwe bwo gushyushya igikoresho kitari ikindi cyangwa gushiraho gusa igikoresho gishya gifatwa nkicyo cyongeye kongera gukoresha sisitemu. Ana igomba guhora inyuzwa no kubona komisiyo ishinzwe akarere. Nibyiza, cyangwa, byibuze, hifashishijwe icyemezo cya Dez. Mugihe ushyiraho gari ya moshi yashyushye igitambaro, birakenewe rwose gukurikiza amategeko n'ibyifuzo byo kwishyiriraho no gukora ibi bikoresho bikubiye mubyangombwa biherekeza.
Guhindura ubushyuhe byashyizwe kuri sisitemu ya DHW. Mukarere ka kabiri, umuyoboro wa plastiki iyo ari yo yose, byoroshye, byoroshye, nibindi birashobora gucika intege mumuzunguruko, ndetse niba iyo ari yo mpamvu izaturika mu muzunguruko, umwuzure utazabaho, coolant ya coolant Dore litiro nkeya gusa. Ibi ntabwo ari metero 50 zubuto zamazi ashyushye, zijugunywa munzu hamwe nimpanuka yumuyoboro utangwa muri sisitemu gakondo ya GV.
Adapter itanga byihuse gushyushya gari ya moshi igitambaro kugeza ku bushyuhe bukoreshwa. Kurugero, ku mbaraga zashyizwe kuri gari ya moshi ya kera ya toweli ya 600w, ikureho kuva kera kugeza kuri 3m nubushyuhe bwamazi muri Gvs + 65c yashyutswe kuri 55s nyuma yiminota 550 nyuma yo gufungura. Reba ubwiyongere bwuburebure bwimiyoboro yo gutanga amanota kuri 1m izagabanya ubushyuhe bugereranije bwa gari ya moshi yashyushye hafi 1C.
Ingero zimwe za gari ya moshi ziva mumiyoboro yoroheje yicyuma zishyikirizwa Uburusiya bumaze guhanahana imyuga. Izi niho, kurugero, uruganda rwicyitegererezo cya Backnosan ($ 560-1000). Umuyoboro udasanzwe w'iki gikoresho washyizwe mu giceri cy'umuringa, imbere y'amazi azenguruka kuri DHW. Igiceri gishyushya coolant (antifreeze), isakoshi yuzuye muruganda. Bihuje nicyitegererezo cyubu bwoko bukozwe kuri CTW (ikiguzi cyo kuva 3600 kugeza 11000 kuri 11000, bitewe nigishushanyo). Mu minsi ya vuba, umuryango wose wa Kemi wa Heweli yashyushye igitambaro hamwe no guhana ubushyuhe urubuga bizagaragara ku isoko. Ibikoresho byibi bikoresho nibura imyaka 20-30.
Ukurikije amategeko Ohm
Niba ibibazo bifitanye isano no guhuza igikoresho kuri sisitemu ya DHW iriyitirira, tekereza kuri gari ya moshi yakemutse. Ntabwo bifitanye isano na sisitemu ya DHW, bizagufasha igitambaro cyumye no muri shampiyona yimpeshyi yamazi ashyushye. Icyumba gihindagurika cya gari ya moshi zishyushye igitambaro zishyushye zizakenera kwinjizamo itoti idasanzwe (220v), irinzwe kumenagura n'amazi. Ariko, urashobora gukoresha no kwihishe kugirango utazana igishushanyo mbonera cyicyumba.Ibiranga montage
Isoko ririmo amaguru ashyushye hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza. Ariko, akenshi ushyushya uko udashobora gufungwa na sisitemu kubera ubudahuza imiyoboro igabanya, aho imiyoboro itanga cyangwa galvanic idahuye nibikoresho. Tugomba gukoresha imyandikire yinyongera hamwe nibisobanuro bidasanzwe. Ubundi buryo birashoboka gutumiza ibikoresho nubunini bwayo kuruganda. Nibyiza kohereza gari ya moshi ashyushye kugirango utekereze mbere, uko byagenda kose mbere yo gusana ubwiherero.
Ibice byamashanyarazi byarateganijwe mubisanzwe bikorwa muburyo bwa "Inzoka" n "" urwego ". Akenshi benshi bafite ibikoresho byo gushyushya, imbaraga zayo zigereranywa nimbaraga zurugo inzengu. Birumvikana ko gushyushya icyumba cyose, ibikoresho nkibi ntibishoboka ko bishobore, ariko imyenda irashobora gukama. Imbere, zuzuye amavuta yimboga cyangwa amabuye y'agaciro, amavuta atandukanye hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa amazi, kugirango ubuso buremereye neza. Soba na Somarym (Suwede), Warmos (Finlande), oxil (Espanye), nibindi 35 bifite $ 35-140. Hafi y'ibiciro bimwe byo gushyuha igitambaro cyamashanyarazi, imbereya nta tan, ariko umugozi wo gushyushya amashanyarazi. Urugero rutanga Uburusiya, Urugero, Isosiyete ya Danemark de-Vi ($ 80-120). Ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu kuva KZTO bihendutse: 1800-2200. Hariho kandi moderi yimuka, nka FK60 kuva DARMOS.
Niba ntamwe cyangwa ibiri mubima, kandi birenze igitambaro kinini, birashimishije kugura converistoctor yashyushye igitambaro cya gari ya moshi. Ibikoresho byubwoko buri gihe bifite ibikoresho icumi byakomeye (1-2) hamwe numufana wubatswe, bisa nubuziranenge. Igura amadorari 270-300. Noirot, Atlantike, Supra (Ubufaransa), Warmos (Finlande) akora umurimo nkubwo. Ikibaho cya Noirot cyo gutondeka igitambaro gihagije kiba gito kuruta ibindi - $ 500-660, ariko gitanga byinshi byinyongera. Reka tuvuge neza "byateganijwe" no mucyumba gito, gifite ibikoresho bya software kandi birashobora gutanga igitambaro gikonje cyangwa gishyushye cyangwa icyumba cyose gifite icyumba cyaho.
"Umusirikare rusange"
Kugirango ugabanye ikiguzi cyo gukoresha igikoresho kandi gikemuke ikibazo hamwe nikiruhuko cyizuba mu gutanga amazi ashyushye, gari ya moshi yashyushye mu bwiherero yumvikana. Ibikoresho byuyu murongo bikozwe mumiyoboro yoroheje yicyuma na aluminium. Bisa rwose namazi yayo "abo dukorana", ariko paki irimo icumi gusa hamwe nu mugozi ukwiye. Mugihe ushyiraho mumazu yo mumijyi, izi mode irashobora guhuzwa na sisitemu ya DHW gusa binyuze muburyo bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwo hagati. Byongeye kandi, kwimura ubushyuhe kuva kuri tan kugeza kumuyoboro wa gari ya moshi ya kera igitambara gishyushye bizahabwa antifreeze cyangwa amazi hamwe no kuzuza. Icyitegererezo cya Rawel Rawel Rariates yahawe Uburusiya bumaze kuvugwa haruguru na Arboni, Zehndonder, Ipasi, Olymp Noot ugereranije na 5-15% bihenze kuruta Ubushyuhe bw'amazi.Ingamba zo kurinda
Kugira ngo wirinde umwuzure kubera gushyingirwa kw'uruganda rwihishe cyangwa ibindi byangiritse (cyane cyane ibi bifitanye isano na gari ya moshi yashyushye muri sisitemu ya DHW), ni byiza gushiraho ibintu byiza kuri sisitemu. Birashoboka, kurugero, umupira wamaguru wanditse (60-500) cyangwa valve izahagarika amazi kubikoresho muburyo bwikora ako kanya nyuma yihuta. ITANGAZO ni umurongo, amazi atemba amazi agaburira ishami rishinzwe kugenzura. Imyaka ku kipe ye ntabwo valleve ya solenoid gusa yuzuye, ariko kandi sireni nimpururo zifunguye. Urutonde rwibikoresho byo gukumira amazi muri sisitemu ya DHW byakozwe, kurugero, neptune. Igiciro cya Kit ni amafaranga 9000.
Abapadiri Bahumuriza
Gariyamoshi yari ishyushye igomba gutanga ihumure ryinshi mu bwiherero, ntarugero cyangwa ndimo. Ariko, kugirango ugere kuri ligigile yoroshye, ndetse nibindi byinshi bikabigeraho mugihe ntibyoroshye. Igikoresho gishya cyatoranijwe gishingiye ku kubara: 80-120 w ku gice cya 1m2 cyo mucyumba gishyushye. Kugenzura imikorere ya gari ya moshi yashyushye, therwatis ikoreshwa nubushyuhe mubwiherero kurwego rwa 0.1 kugeza 1c (ukurikije icyitegererezo) murwego rwo kuri + 5 o + 30s. Porogaramu yo kuri gahunda igufasha gushiraho "gahunda yumunsi" wumugambi mugihe cyicyumweru kiri imbere. Gukiza amashanyarazi, imikorere yijoro igabanuka mubushyuhe butangwa. Moderi zimwe zikurikirana ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibikoresho, utitaye kubikenewe mu bwiherero, byari byiza kuruhu rwabantu (bitaba 60C).
Ntabwo ari ngombwa kugura thermostat ukundi, mu bwiganze bukabije busabwa mu gice cya gari ya moshi. Niba ataribyo, bitewe n'imikorere yayo, ugomba kwishyura hafi $ 24, no kuri elegitoroniki - kugeza $ 150.
Abanditsi bararashimira niisantehniki, igihe kinini "na" Naurdf "kugirango bafashe mugutegura ibikoresho.