Amasahani ya gaze. Ibiranga imikorere, ibiranga ibigereranyo byitegererezo byatumijwe mu mahanga kandi biga.
Urabizi, hamwe nabandi bantu benshi bahuza imvugo "Murugo"? Kandi abahanga mu by'imibereho mibereho barabizi: hamwe n'itanura ry'igikoni, na gaze cyane, hamwe n'umucyo. Nibyo, nkuko umusizi yagize ati: "Birumvikana ko ari bibi cyane, ariko ni iyo kwizerwa." N'ubundi kandi, we, kuvuka, no kugaburira, kandi ashyushya, agahindura igikoni ahantu heza ho kuvugana mu muryango n'inshuti magara. Biracyashobora kuba igitangaza cyikoranabuhanga rigezweho? Reka tuganire.
Ubwoko bwingufu zikoreshwa, amasahani yo murugo arashobora kugabanywamo lisansi ikomeye (i.e. inkwi cyangwa amakara), gaze n'amashanyarazi. Byoroshye gukora kabiri. Byongeye kandi, urugamba rwo kumva impuhwe zabaguzi rukorwa hagati yabo hamwe no gutsinda bitandukanye. Umwanya wo hagati ukorwa nisahani hamwe nisahani ya gaze ya gaze ya gaze yegeranye na electroconTunge imwe (gake akenshi igipimo cya 2 + 2) cyangwa aho gukoresha isanduku ya gaze ikoresha amashanyarazi.
Noneho, kuvuga rero, kubyerekeye umwanya mumwanya. Aha hashingiwe, amasahani ya gaze yagabanijwemo imiryango ibiri minini: yitandukanije kandi yubatswe. Kuri ubu, icyitegererezo gikunze kugaragara mubipimo bikurikira nicyo gikunze kugaragara: 5050cm (nto) na 6060cm (nini). Mu myaka ya mbere, ubunini bwo hagati bwagaragaye mu Burusiya - 5353cm. Mubyongeyeho, hari icyitegererezo cya dektop desktop.
Abakora ibinyuranye batanga ubwoko bwinshi bwa gaze, akenshi birenze bitandukanye. Ninde wahitamo, icyo nikibazo. Ugomba kubisubiza wenyine. Ubucuruzi bwacu ni bumwe kuri wewe ishusho rusange, guta ububiko bwamamaza.
Kubisesengura, dukoresha muri rusange ingingo zemewe za "Igiciro-cyiza". Ibibera hano ibintu byose bisa nkaho bisobanutse: uko biri munsi, nibyiza kubaguzi. Avoga igitekerezo cya "ubuziranenge" ikeneye ibisobanuro. Turateganya nkubusa kugirango duhaze ibindi bakeneye tutasana no kongera igiciro.
Gutangira, tekereza kumuryango munini wa gaze kugiti cyawe. Ibimera bigera kuri icumi bibakora, ibyinshi muribyo bishingiye mu myaka 40 ishize kandi bikabyara icyitegererezo. Igihingwa kinini kandi kinini, cyubatswe muri USSR, ni "Brestgazoprarat". Kuri we, ikoranabuhanga riheruka n'ibikoresho byaguzwe igihe-gito, bigatuma amasaha arenga miliyoni miriyoni meza mu cyumba.
Kubura Uburusiya mu ntangiriro ya 90 z'umusaruro nyamukuru wa produce ya gaze (G. Brest) ku gahato gaze mu ruganda - mu mujyi wa TChaikovsky no mu karere ka Krasnodar, ndetse no kugura imigabane ikomeye muri BresthazopArate Proceprises. Muri icyo gihe, igihingwa gishya cyo gukora amasahani yo mu rugo cyashyizweho hashingiwe ku ishyirahamwe ritanga umusaruro wa Peza "Eutt". Kubwiyi ntego, isosiyete ikora ibitaliyani delonghi yabonye uruhushya, yaguze ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Mu Burusiya, mu Burusiya "umukinnyi" nyamukuru, ugenzura amafaranga arenga 50%, afite ikirango cya gefesi. Ibikurikira, abakora ibyapa bya "Darina" (G.Chaikivsky) na de luxe (Pynza) bahatana, hanyuma abandi bose. Mubigo twavuze "ibindi", birumvikana, birumvikana ko bitandukanye cyane. Umuntu atanga ibipimo ibihumbi bibiri cyangwa bitatu instecha kandi afite umuguzi wacyo niche, kandi umuntu umwanya munini ni ubusa.
Kuri Gazi zimwe zo murugo zashizwemo igikoresho gihita gihagarika gaze kuri therner niba umuriro wasohotse. Ibi bita sisitemu yo kugenzura gaze. Ibintu byingenzi byayo ni ukubaho flame (nkitegeko, ni thermocouple) na electococople) hamwe na electromagnetic ifunga valve ifunze umuyoboro wa gaze. TheRmocouple yashyizwe hafi ya Birner kandi, itegeka umuriro, itanga voltage kuri valve ifunze. Iyo ikirimi kizima (kurugero, uhereye kumuyaga mwinshi uretse cyangwa ugomba guhagarika amazi), ubushyuhe bwimitondari igabanuka, ibitonyanga bya voltage hamwe na valve yafunze ya gaze. Iyo ukanze imbaraga kumurima, Valve irakingura. Ariko, ibi birashobora gukorwa nyuma yigihe runaka (amasegonda 30-90) umuriro urasohoka.
De file na manine ya Darina bakozwe mu byitegererezo by'i Burayi, umusaruro ukorerwa kubikoresho bigezweho. Kunanirwa kubera amakosa yubaka muriyi masahani mubyukuri, kubera ko yafashwe nkimyandikire ntabwo ari ibintu bigezweho, ariko ariko byizewe. Inenge zisanzwe ni ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa byakazi hamwe na gahunda yo guterana muri rusange. Kurugero, akenshi byangirika kuri enamel ipati cyangwa umuryango utazimye.Isahani ikora de mexe na "Darina" birasa. Hariho moderi n'amashanyarazi, kandi bitabifite. Byongeye kandi, amafaranga ya mbere ni 500 ahenze, bityo ukurikije ibipimo "igiciro- ubuziranenge" burumvikana ko gufata isahani yo gutwika amashanyarazi no kugura ku mashanyarazi 80. Gazi ya gaze. By the way, bizatanga itandukaniro ryizewe batitaye kubibazo bya voltage muri gride yubutegetsi. Ni ngombwa kuzirikana ko amasaha y'isahani "ya Darina" yakozwe munsi yimyaka ibiri kandi, nubwo umusaruro wabo wiyongera, haracyari imibare yizewe yo kunanirwa. Ibyapa bya de mex bibaho imyaka irenga itanu, ikoranabuhanga rimaze gushingwa, ubuziranenge nibyiza.
Amasahani y'ayamamaza
| Uruganda, Igihugu | Ikirango | Umubare w'icyitegererezo, byinshi | Igiciro *, ingano ibihumbi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| AEG, Ubudage | Aeg | bitanu | 10-15 |
| Ardo, mu Butaliyani | ARTO. | 10 | 7-11 |
| Bompani, Ubutaliyani | BEMMANI. | bitanu | 6-10. |
| Bosch, Ubudage | Bosch. | 10 | 9-13. |
| Brandt, Ubufaransa | Brandt. | bitanu | 11-15 |
| Kaiser, Ubudage | Kaiser. | 10 | 8-13 |
| Merloni, Ubutaliyani | Ariston. | 10 | 7-12. |
| Indesit. | 10 | 6-10. | |
| Siefens, Ubudage | Sinifens. | bitanu | 10-14. |
| Electronal, Suwede | Electronol | 10 | 10-14. |
Ikindi kintu kimwe. Umuguzi agomba kumenya ko ibikoresho byo murugo bifite imikorere myinshi bisaba ibihe bihamye mugihe cyo gukora. Gutakaza, Kubwamahirwe, ugomba kurota gusa. Reka tuvuge, bizwi ko mugitondo na nimugoroba bikoreshwa cyane, igitutu mumuhanda gishobora kugwa ugereranije nigihe cya buri munsi. Kugabanuka muri voltage mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi ntabwo ari byinshi, ariko bibaho mugihe kimwe kandi bikaba birenze umuvuduko wa gaze. Ibi birashobora kuganisha kubikorwa bidahungabana byamashanyarazi na sisitemu yo kugenzura gaze.
Ikirusiya Gost R 50696-94, hakurikijwe igishushanyo n'imikorere ya plaque yikirusiya bibaho, bifata ihindagurika rya gaze. Rero, amashyiga ya gaze agomba gukora buhoro mugihe igitutu gihindutse kuva 650 kugeza 1800 pa kurugero rwa 1300 pa. Kugereranya: En-30, tanga amasahani ya gaze ya gaze ya gaze mu Burayi, agena igitutu cyo guhindura inshuro 1.5: kuva 1500 kugeza 2300 paye kuri par 1800 pa. Nk'uko en-30, ikizamini cya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi na gaze na gaze ibaho ku muvuduko ntarengwa kandi muto. Abakora ibihugu bimwe byiburayi (urugero, Kaiser na Merloni), mugihe batanga ibicuruzwa byabo muburusiya, bazirikana umwihariko. Izigo ziyobowe n'ababanyamahanga ku isoko ry'ikoranabuhanga rya gazi y'urugo.
Ibikurikira bikurikira byibikorwa bya plaque yatumijwe mu Burusiya bishyiraho ibimenyetso byabo muguhitamo kwacu, ariko ntikiragire ibidashidikanywaho. N'ubundi kandi, niba ibipimo bya gaze n'amashanyarazi bihagaze neza, noneho imikorere yo hejuru hamwe no gutungana kwikoranabuhanga dukora ingendo z'amahanga.
Ariko, kugereranya igishushanyo mbonera cyibisahani byatumijwe mu mahanga n'isahani, uza kuri paradoxical urebera. AimnNo- ko amasahani yo mu Burusiya aruzuye neza kubisubizo byubuhanga. Ubwa mbere, imikorere yabo ni 10% kurenza ibikomoka ku Burayi, hanyuma, bitwika gaze nkeya. Icya kabiri, ibicuruzwa byacu bitanga ibicuruzwa bya gaze neza. Ibi biboneka bitewe nuko Uburusiya bwateye imbere ibidukikije birakomeye cyane kuruta urwego rwuburayi. Kurugero, ukurikije GOLST P 50696-94 mubicuruzwa byo gutwika, ibikubiye muri monoxyde ya karubone (ya karubone) ntagomba kurenga 0.01-0.03% (kubunini), na azote oxides - 200 mg / cube. Nk'uko byatangajwe n'uburayi En-30, kwibanda kuri monoxyde ya karubone ntibishobora kurenga 0.1-0.2% (inshuro 10!), Hamwe nibiri muri oxides oxides ntabwo isanzwe na gato.
Imizi y "" gukomera "kwacu, niba ubishatse, mubukene nubukonje bukonje. Iyo muri 50, uhinduranya imigi n'imijyi, igikoni, ukurikije ibipimo, bifite ubuso bwa metero kare 4-7. m, umwuka ku gahato ntiwari uhari. Nibintu byateje abateranwa gukora ibikoresho byo murugo mubijyanye no gutwika amavuta yaka. Ibihugu bya Aeuropean byagiye inzira zabo kamere mu turere tujya mu turere dushyushye: Bakoresha uburyo bwo guhumeka ku gahato hamwe no kuvunja mu kirere, kandi bafite igikoni kinini. Kubwibyo, kuvuga cyane, amasahani ya gaze yuburayi agomba kugurishwa muburusiya bwuzuye hamwe nuburakari, butangwa no guhanahana ikirere 10 mu gikoni. Biragaragara ko nkigisubizo, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bigenda birushaho kuba $ 100-150 (muyandi magambo, igiciro cyuzuye cyisahani nshya yikirusiya). Abakora ibihugu by'Uburayi ntibavuzwe mu buryo bukwiriye kuri ibyo byose kubaguzi b'Abarusiya, ariko ntibashaka kurenga ku mategeko. IVOTA YASOHOTSE MU BUYOBOZI Bwinshi Hejuru ya Gazi Amahugurwa Ntabitonitse Hood: Urashaka kugura, ariko urashaka. Kuba ibigo byi Burayi Lucavo bimurikira ibi bihe byoroshye birumvikana. Ntibisobanutse: Kuki ibigo by'Uburusiya bivuza induru ku nyungu zabo zo guhatana kuri buri mfuruka ?!
Umuyobozi w'isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu JSC Brestgazoprat atanga ibyapa bigera ku bihumbi 500 byibice byose byo kwicwa ku mwaka: gaze (hejuru ya 10), harimo n'ifu y'amashanyarazi, n'abandi.
Kugeza ubu, ukurikije ibipimo, igiciro cy'ubwiza bw'inyana ry'ubwiza ririmo kwizirikana n'ibicuruzwa bya Ardo na Bompani. Ariko, iyi equilibrium isa nkaho yahungabanywa. Itsinda rya Merniti ryisosiyete ryubatse ibikoresho byo murugo muri Polonye. Ntutangazwe rero uramutse uhuye mububiko kumasahani ya $ 199Ro cyangwa indesit mububiko.
Ibikoresho byo mu gikoni byahiriwe ku isi bihagarariwe cyane mu gihugu cyacu: Elecrolux (Suwede), Bosch, Siemiens, AITO (Brandt (Ubudage). Nta gushidikanya ko iyi ari nziza cyane, umutekinisiye utunganye. Ariko ni inshuro 3-6 zihenze kuruta Ikirusiya na 1.5-2, undi Burayi. Ukurikije ibipimo bya "Igiciro- Ubwiza", Tekinike Elite iri hasi ku Burayi buhendutse (urugero, Meloni, KAISER, BOMMANI). Ibi biterwa nuko kwisi yose yishyuwe cyane gihenze, nubwo bakusanyije ibirego nkibi ntabwo mubudage cyangwa muri Suwede, ahubwo no mu Burayi bw'iburasirazuba no muri Aziya yepfo.
Ku Burusiya, umuryango wibikoresho byo mu gikoni-mu gikoni - igice gishya, giteza imbere isoko ku isoko. Yubatswe mu mutekinisiye wa gaze, mubyukuri, isahani, igabanijwemo ibice bibiri: bihambiye hasi hamwe nitanura rito. Gutandukana kwubaka bituma bishoboka kwagura cyane amahirwe yo kwishyiriraho ibikoresho bya gaze mugikoni.
Mubibi bigezweho byamashyiga ya gaze, thermostat ya arner (umwe cyangwa ebyiri), mu buryo bwikora kubungabunga imbaraga zubushyuhe, bifasha abashyitsi mugutegura ibyokurya bigoye, bisaba ubutegetsi bwuzuye bwubushyuhe.
Mubisanzwe gutwikwa bitanga urumuri ruhamye, rudafite imirongo, ubururu. Niba umuriro wa flame udahungabana kandi ugahindura buri gihe ibara kuva mubururu kumuhondo, bivuze ko gutwika akora nabi kandi ukeneye serivisi. Ariko niba abaturanyi baturanye bakora muburyo bumwe, birashoboka cyane ko atari amashyiga, ariko gaze (ibigize cyangwa igitutu cyangwa igitutu).
Numuriro wumuhondo, ntibishoboka gukoresha ishyingurwa, igihe kirageze cyo kuvugana na serivisi yubukungu bwuzuye. Kumva isura mu gikoni umunuko wa gaze - ako kanya, ntabwo ukoraho ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bihumura, bizirikana ishyingurwa, bica gazi kugandukira ku isahani no guhumeka icyumba. Menyesha serivisi yihutirwa. Ntukagushinje ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose!
Ibigo by'Uburusiya ibikoresho nk'ibi ntibirekurwa, bityo, amaduka atanga ibicuruzwa byatumijwe cyane by'abikora byose byavuzwe haruguru. Inyungu nyamukuru yikoranabuhanga ryubatswe ni uko, utiriwe ufata umwanya munini mucyumba, byoroshye bihuye nibikoresho byo mu gikoni. Isahani yubatswe, yiswe kandi hejuru yubushyuhe, cyangwa itanura rigufasha gukora imbere yinzerere na ergonomic. Tekinike yashyizwe ahagaragara cyane mubunini, ingano yibintu hamwe, imiterere yabyo, nuburyo bwo kugenzura: kuva hejuru yubushyuhe, ukoresheje igice cyigenga. Byinshi mu bisabwa byubatswe-mu mashanyarazi, ntabwo gaze. Ibi biterwa nuko ubu buryo bwa gaze budashobora guhangana nubuziranenge bwamashanyarazi. Bitera Banalna: Gutwika gaze ya Flame Gutwara ubushyuhe bunini cyane mu ifumbire. Ubu buke bwambuwe gaze amasano hamwe no gutwika infrared. Rero, urashobora kugura urutonde rugizwe nubushyuhe bwa gaze hamwe nitaha ryamashanyarazi, ku giciro cyibihumbi 10-20. Ikintu cyiza "Igiciro-cyiza" kizaba amahitamo ashyigikira icyitegererezo kidahenze cya Kaiser cyangwa Menloni.Umwanya wo hagati hagati yitandukanije kandi wubatswe-mumashyiga ya gaze yigarurira desktop. Zikorwa n'ibimera muri Brest, Kazan, Krasnodar na Omsk. Ikigereranyo cyibicuruzwa- ubuziranenge, ibyapa bibiri bya magneti yikirango bwa gefest nibyiza. Ntamwanya wo kugurisha ibyapa bya desktop hamwe nubukungu, byangiza ibidukikije. Bakoze hashingiwe ku sahani "ipfumu", ariko bitandukanye n'andi mashyi ya gaze zose ntabwo bafite umuyaga ugurura, ntukavuge umuyaga, ntukanduze amasahani, inkuta na cuisine. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho ni inshuro 1.5-2 munsi ya gaze, kandi ibikubiye mubicuruzwa byangiza bigabanuka na monoxide ya karubone, 10, no muri okibuga, inshuro 100! Amasahani hamwe na Birness ya Infraft irashobora gukoreshwa neza ntabwo ari uguteka gusa, ahubwo no kubyumba bishyushya.
Amakuru kuri gazi ya gaz
| Uruganda | Ikirango | Umubare w'icyitegererezo | Igiciro *, ingano ibihumbi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| "BrestgazoParat", Brest | "Imyiyongere" | 7. | 3.5-6 |
| Ibihingwa bya gaze, Volgograpp | "Amashanyarazi" | 3. | 2.5-3.5 |
| Ubitera. Vladimir ilich, Moscou | ZLY. | imwe | (**) |
| Ibihingwa bya gaze, Kazan. | "Idel" | bitanu | 2-3.5 |
| Ibihingwa bya gaze, Akarere ka Krasnodar | "Kuban" | Bane | 2.5-3. |
| Igihingwa cya metallurgical G. Lysva | "Elga" | imwe | Bane |
| Ibihingwa bya gaze, Omsk | "Oichka" | 3. | (**) |
| ISHYAKA RY'IMISORO "EVT", G. Penza | De luxe | bitanu | 3-5.5 |
| Ibihingwa bya gaze, G. Tchaikovsky | "Darina" | bitanu | 3-4.5 |
* - Ibiciro byerekanwe guhera 01.122000.
** - adahari kugurishwa.