Ibisenge binini byamazu yigenga, fungura amaterasi na balkoni kumurongo wo hejuru: ibintu byo kubaka no kubungabunga mububiko bukaze. Ibyifuzo bifatika byinzobere.
Visor semicirlar hejuru yinjira munzu nkaho yazutse ku nkingi yoroheje. Igice cyoroshye cy'ubusitani
Kuva mucyumba cyo kuriramo munsi ya pergola yoroheje, uko abona imisozi
Ubusanzwe utuye mu majyepfo inzu hamwe namateransi hamwe nigisenge
Gukuramo geometrie yinzu bigufasha gukoresha neza buri metero
Ubusitani bwamatera yubusitani butera indege nyinshi zo hejuru hejuru yindege murugo
Gukwirakwira hose munzu yindege yemerera ubusitani bwinjira imbere mubyumba
Umugani umwe w'Ubudage uragira uti: "Kugira amahitamo - bisobanura kugira ikibazo." Cyane cyane ibi ni ukuri, niba ugomba guhitamo atari byiza, ariko hagati yibibi, ariko hagati yibibi bibiri bigereranywa.
Ni bangahe muri twe tubungabunga ibyo ukunda! Fata byibuze akarere k'ibikorwa byubuzima bwabantu nkibihugu byigenga. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryafunguwe imbere yubatswe naba injeniyeri amahirwe yo kugerageza. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, imidugudu yo mu kazu ko gukomeza gutsinda amazu yimpanga idatera igisubizo mu bugingo usibye kurambirwa. Ijisho rirashaka ikintu gishimishije, bitandukanye nibindi biruhuko, gishya cyangwa cyibagiwe neza. Nkikibazo cyukuri, abasaza bibagiwe ni ibisenge byamazu yigenga kandi bakundwa amaterasi na balkoni kumagorofa yo hejuru.
Birasa nkibitangaje, ariko uyumunsi ushaje nkuko isi nigitekerezo cyinzu yakoreshejwe, amaterasi na balkosi na balkoni birakenewe cyane mumijyi minini. Igihugu hano gifite byinshi cyo guhaguruka ku giciro ko ari ibice byunguka kuri parike, kare na paruwasi ukomoka mu gihugu cya Nanubes. Kuri centre ya New York, amazu menshi yo kuzamuka akoresheje ibisenge n'amaterasi y'ibikorwa, abihati byumvikanye byacitse, imyaka myinshi y'ibiti, ibihuru ndetse bahaguruka. Ikintu nk'iki kibaho i Paris, aho gahunda yo mumijyi ya gahunda yo gutondekanya ibisenge n'amaterasi no kubahindura akarere k'imyidagaduro yaho.
Kurenga umugi no kubyerekeranye n'inzu, kandi amashyamba arahagije mu baturanyi. Ariko, hano hafunguye inyubako yubwubatsi nubuhanga hamwe numusozi muto, bisa nkaho habonetse aho hantu habonetse. Sadik hejuru yinzu yirengagije umudugudu ukikije Teremki- Niki kibi? Iterabwoba rifunguye ryinzu, guhagarara mu makamba y'ibiti n'ibihe by'inyoni, ntabwo bitangaje? Akak you casade balconi murugo hamwe nimpute?
Nubwo bimeze bityo, abaterankunga benshi bafite urwikekwe ruhoraho kumesa. Bamwe bemeza ko ari bibi, abandi batinya urubura rwinshi, abandi bizeye ikiguzi kinini cyibikoresho nkibisenge nkibi. Nibyiza, ingingo ni nziza cyane. Ariko twagerageje gushaka rimwe na rimwe. "Cubour" ya lekombazier-umubibyi mu masoko yashimangiye kandi ataziguye arakaye ku nyubako yubaka mu bubatsi bwaje gutekereza ako kanya. Ariko, ibi byose byasaga nkaho bidakwiye, igitekerezo cyasabwaga. Onovde, twahindukiriye bato, ariko umwubatsi ugaburira ibyiringiro bikomeye. Umunyamakuru wa Ekaterina Abagabo ba Ekaterina amubwira.
Elegance yindege
Tuvugana nubwubatsi dutry camania kubyerekeye ibisenge birambuye kandi byashizweho. Ibi biratanga amakuru menshi, kuko Dmitry yabaye mu buryo bwihariye ku gishushanyo no kubaka amazu yigenga afite ibisenge birenganure. Kubaka umwanditsi, kimwe nubunararibonye bwo gukosora amakosa yubwubatsi byamwemeje ko inyubako zubu bwoko zifite umubare munini. Naho ibidukikije, bibemerera gutesha agaciro ubuhanga bwumuyobozi no kwitonda, muburyo bushyize mu gaciro mubucuruzi.Urebye ikibazo gifatika kibangamira imyumvire miremire. Iya mbere kandi nyamukuru niyo gisenge iringaniye ari nkaho buri gihe igenda kandi, kubwibyo, bisaba gusanwa. Ainforme ku Tekinorono Nshya n'ibikoresho bitera iyakabiri, nta myizerere idahwema kugira ngo tubaho amazi yizewe na sisitemu idasanzwe, noneho birashimishije cyane.
Inzira yo gusenya imyumvire ya mbere irahari. Muburyo bwihuse, Mubuhanga Ubwenge Abantu, gahoro- mubatuye amagorofa yanyuma yumujyi "uturere". Ariko niba iterambere rya tekinike rigenda ryiyongera kurushaho cyangwa rito, ikibazo cyubukungu cyanditswe mu kirere.
Aho kugira ngo ntandukane mu magambo, kuri uyu munsi, Ububiko bwa Camania yatanze urugero runaka. Yateguye kandi yubaka inzu nto, aho ikiza ku gihingwa cyo hejuru aho kuba hafi 50%, ndetse na rusange inzu- 20-30%. . Inkomoko y'ibiryo birihe? Muganire kuri iki kibazo hamwe na Dmitry, twagerageje kureba mu tubi kandi tugakora ku yindi nyungu zisa.
Noneho, umwanya wambere: hamwe nubwubatsi kimwe, agace k'inzu kari hasi kari munsi yuburyo. Kugira ngo ubyumve, ntukeneye kurandura, hari geometrie ihagije ya koometries kuri 6 Klass. Agace gake ntigisabwa. Kubwibyo, mugihe uhisemo ibice bihendutse byerekana "igisenge" (nubwo kuri metero kare, bizahenze kuruta kubijyanye nigisenge cya Scope) igisenge kizatwara bihendutse.
Byongeye. Dufate ko abubatsi bashizeho "cube" (cyangwa parallelogramu) murugo. Kubikoresho byigisenge cyatsi (uko byagenda kose, mansord cyangwa attic) uzakenera izindi myitoyiyi. Amakipe ya Asman ahora agura, ibikoresho nimico. Igisenge cy'indege ntabwo buri gihe gitegeka abubatsi, bisaba ko witonze kubahiriza gusa ikoranabuhanga.
Kurambika igisenge kuri horizontal biragaragara ko byoroshye kuruta ku isi. Tekereza ko byoroshye guteranya "imizi pie" munsi y'ibirenge byawe cyangwa ku butumburuke, bikosorwa ahantu hahanamye ahantu hagati y'Ijuru n'isi? Igisubizo kirasobanutse.
Ariko inzu imaze kubona igisenge, igisenge gisaba kwitabwaho. Ariho ubuzima bwe, buri gihe ahura na kamere nukuri kwurusiya kandi, birahinduka. Rero, kubungabunga igisenge, ubugenzuzi bwo gukumira, gusukura funnels, nibindi Byoroshye kandi, mumbabarire kubitsa, bihendutse. Igenzura ibikoresho bya tekiniki, gukorana na chimneys, antennas, imiyoboro ihumeka kandi yuzuza mugihe igishushanyo mbonera, ntabwo ari umwuga uzamuka, ahubwo ni serivisi isanzwe. Igisenge nk'iki ntigihishe ijisho ryubucuruzi witondewe, mugihe nyiri igisenge cyubatswe adashoboka kugirango abone umunezero mu kigongo ku ndege yateganijwe. Hanyuma, ibirango byo hanze bya konderasi abubatsi bahatirwa kubyutsa indimu ya "berekanye", abafana bamwe nigice cya "cillers" bapfundikiye hejuru.
Ikibazo cy'iteka kuri compriots yacu. Turacyashoboka! Umufilozofe ukomeye w'Uburusiya Vasily Rozanov yanditse rimwe: "Hano hari izuba rito, nibyo ishingiro ry'amateka yose y'Uburusiya." Biragoye gutura mu gihugu cya ruswa ya Kamena, Gukunda bidashira kandi bitagira iherezo. Iotsyuda - Ikibazo gikurikira cyerekanwe mubisenge byubatswe: aho kujya gusiganwa, byoroshye guterana hejuru yubusa? Inshingano. Kureka itumba rituje hejuru yinzu nkurubito rwinyongera. Ocaloge izaza "igihe cyibitonyanga no gushonga", gushonga amazi yitabira umuhanda.
Birumvikana ko uyu muhanda ugomba gutekerezwa kandi utunganijwe neza. Ariko nyuma ya byose, ku gisenge cyashizwemo urubura rurakenewe "Pointers." Skat byanze bikunze bisaba sisitemu irambuye kandi igoye yo kwerekana amazi ashyushye. Muri icyo gihe, ahantu ho gushinga ibishushanyo ntabwo biteganijwe. Buri gihe hariho amahirwe yo kubona igiterane kidasanzwe cya shelegi ya shelegi. (N'inzira zikikije inzu ugomba gukora ahantu hizewe.)
Kubireba igisenge kibase, urubura rwumwaka ushize ruzayoborwa ninzira yateganijwe. Urashobora gutegura imiyoboro yimbere hamwe na futenel ashyushye, urashobora hanze (imwe mu mpande z'inzu cyangwa ingingo, ahantu 2-3). Usibye icicle izagaragara gusa kumwanya wateguwe. Ibihanurwa byose bihora bihendutse kuruta Epontaneity. AKAKYAYUDAHO - Kumenya neza uko urubura ruhungabanya imbeho ntiruzamuka gitunguranye rubangamiye Glacier hejuru yibaraza!
Urubura rwuzuye ubwoba ntibukwiye bushobora kuba abarangije neza neza amashusho ya beme? Igisenge kirambuye kirashoboye gukora urubuga rwo gutera kajugujugu (ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha, ukuri kumaze kugenzurwa neza). Inzu nkiyi ntabwo ifite ubwato, umuyaga urayiziritseho cyane kuruta amababa ya asinzira ya mpandeshatu.
Umukiriya wahisemo igisenge iringaniye afite amahirwe adasanzwe yo kubaka ibyiciro (ibi bigomba byanze bikunze biteganijwe na uyu mushinga). Igice cyarangiye cyinzu, munsi yingote yigihe gito, bizaba bishoboka rwose kubaho. Igihe cyimari cyiza cyane, gukinisha ntabwo bigoye cyane gusenya kubaka amagorofa akurikira. Ni ubuhe buryo bworoshye cyane.
Kandi birumvikana, ntibishoboka ko utazirikana umukoresha nuburyo bwiza bwigisenge kibase. Tekereza ko agace ko inzu yubatswe ntabwo ari byiza rwose. Kwinjiza igisenge kimwe kimwe cyishyura kuboha, yabuze kwisi. Igisenge nk'iki gishobora guhinduka amaterasi, n'ubusitani, n'urubuga rugenda, n'ububiko. Igikundiro nyamukuru cyurubuga hejuru yinzu nuko ariwo mwiherero ufunguye, umuhanda.
Ingurube imenetse yaguye uburyo bwo gutegura igenamigambi ryinyubako. Kurugero, urashobora kongera umubare wibyumba ukoresheje anti-indege cyangwa urumuri rworoshye rworoshye rwo guhinduka. Ubundi buryo nugutegura ubusitani bwimbeho mukigo cyinyubako. N'ibindi Ibiranga imbere munzu bifite igisenge kiringaniye ni byiza gusa. Ingaruka ni buji.
Kugerageza kuba intego byuzuye, Dmitry Canania yatanze umuburo ku isi yose igisenge kirashize. Ariko ntabwo ari ngombwa gukura hejuru yinzu yimisozi miremire. Urashobora gutunganya ibitanda byindabyo bya kure cyangwa grehouses. Muri rusange, ubusitani bwo hejuru ni abric yihariye. Ubutaka bwa Avoga bwimodoka ishimishije mugitondo nikintu gisanzwe rwose gishyirwa mubigereranyo bihendutse. Hamwe nisonga ryinzu, ibi ntizemera ko hataba, nubwo twari turya.
Igitekerezo cyumuntu umwe nikigitekerezo cyumuntu umwe, reka umwuga, Umwigisha wubucuruzi bwabo, uvuga ubumenyi n'amabanga. Nyuma yo kuganira na Dmitry Camania, ntabwo twashidikanyaga ko igisenge kibase kuri inzu yigihugu cyigenga nikisubizo cyiza. Ariko iyi "hafi" ntabwo yaruhutse. Ima yahisemo kuvugana ninzobere nyinshi. Ikiganiro cyayobowe na petrnikostrant. Umwubatsi a.dmitriyev, Umuyobozi wubucuruzi bwa Krovlych adhdokov nu muyobozi wubucuruzi bwa sosiyete "imiti" M.Jaborov aramusubiza.
Ukuri kuba ahantu hafi
Corr .: Ahantu kandi mubihe bishoboka ko iyubakwa ryamazu yigenga afite igisenge cya kiringaniza, gifunguye amaterasi na balconies?
Ikuzimu .: Ahantu hose nta mbogamizi. Byongeye kandi, guhuza ibisenge bigororotse kandi birenga ku nyubako imwe birashoboka. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rituma bishoboka kwirinda rwose imizi iva ahantu hose. Ariko, bigomba kubitekerezaho: Niba nyir'inzu adashoboye guha isuku ryurubura hamwe nigisenge kibase, amaterasi, amaterasi, ni byiza kwanga iki gishushanyo.
A.E .: Mbere, kubaka imiterere ifite amaterasi afunguye na balconi ntabwo bidakunzwe mu Burusiya. Hariho impamvu nyinshi: kandi aho gukora amaterasi nkaya hamwe nigihe gito, kandi umubare uhagije wo murugo ushyira ahantu ho kwidagadura, hamwe nibiciro byinyongera mubikorwa. Mu gihe cya mbere, kubera kwiyongera kw'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, byinshi kandi byita ku buturo bwiza, ibisabwa mu nzu birazamuka. Noneho amaterasi, aho ushobora gutera ibimera, gukina siporo no kuruhuka gusa, bisa nkaho bidakabije. Muri icyo gihe, iterambere ryinshi ryimiturire ritera abubatsi gushaka izindi turere, tutiyongera imiterere yimiterere. Naho ikiguzi cyo gukorera hejuru yinzu, ntabwo ari ngombwa cyane, mugihe ukoresheje uburyo bugezweho bwo gushyushya. Imiterere nyamukuru kugirango ibeho ibisenge bisekeje, bifunguye amaterasi na balkoni - gusaba mu iyubakwa ry'ibikoresho byose, byizewe hamwe n'ibisenge by'itangwaza).
M.y .: Ugereranije nimyaka ngufi yimpamvu ihagije kugirango utume wubaka amaterasi akoreshwa ahantu hanini. Nyir'inzu yunguka cyane kugirango yubake igorofa yatunganijwe nigisenge. Hasi umubare muto wibipimo bya mansinsi byemewe rwose, ariko uburyo bwinshi bwo guhuza nibitabera. Niba umukiriya afite icyifuzo nubushobozi bwo kubaka inzu hamwe namateransi, ntakintu kimubuza kubikora. Noneho isoko ifite ubwinshi-bwisumbuye bwagataga ubwoya, ubwonko bwa polystyrene, ikirahure kibisi. Insulation irashobora gukorerwa mubikoresho bya polymer-bitumen hamwe nubuhanga, isoplast, derbigum nabandi. Polymer Epdms, TTSI, PVC Membrane, Polinethane Mastike nayo arasabwa.
Corr .: Ni ibihe bibazo abubatsi na ba injeniyeri, gushushanya uburyo bwubwubatsi nubuhanga hamwe nuburinganire buto mumazu yigenga?
Ikuzimu .: Hamwe nuburyo bwo kubaka bigoye, igisenge cyumuco cyashyizweho kugirango ushireho ibibazo, kandi neza- nyamuneka. Igishushanyo mbonera kigabanya imiterere yinzu nubunini. Flat, kubinyuranye, bigufasha guhuza mubijyanye no kubaka geometrike. Igisenge kimwe gishoboka gishoboka kongera inzu yubugari bwituje, kubwinyubako munsi yinzu yurwego igomba gufata ibisasu bidasanzwe cyangwa kongera uburebure bwinzu. Muri rusange, igishushanyo mbonera gifungura umwubatsi ubwisanzure bwibikorwa. Ibitaro, mugihe ibisenge biterwa nukuri kubateza imbere muburusiya. Inzu iboneka ifite igisenge ikungahaza cyane hamwe nubwubatsi bugezweho bwa palette. Nibyo, biteganijwe ko umukiriya ajya mubiciro bifitanye isano nigikoresho kibishinzwe cya "cake yinzu".
A.E .: Kubaka ibisenge bisekeje no gufungura amaterasi hamwe nuburinganire buto bugoye mubihe bitatu: ishingiro ryinzu hejuru yinzu hamwe namazi yimvura akusanya hejuru; ingorane zo kuvana amazi, cyane cyane mugihe cyimpeshyi; Ibyago byo kwangirika kumaguru. Igisubizo cyiza cyikibazo cyanyuma kigira uruhare mu gukoresha amoko agezweho yo gusakara.
M.y .: Ubuso bwa terasi ni igisenge kibase, ariko gito. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hano kwibanda ku iteraniro ry'ikoranabuhanga (adness, inguni, ifumbire, ibimera, imyizerere, on-ons) ku kigereranyo kirenze igisenge gisanzwe cy'inyubako nini. Nugutunganya aya mazunga yongera ikiguzi cyakazi, kuko bikorwa gusa nabanyamwuga babishoboye. Ntutangazwe rero niba amaterasi mato agura ibirenze igisenge gikomeye muri kariya gace.
Ku gisenge cyagenwe, burigihe ni byiza guhisha itapi yo gusakara, kumitungo idahwitse, ntabwo ari inzu yo guhuza. Hasi, urashobora gutunganya ipfundo rya tile cyangwa ubwato. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, birakenewe gufunga neza inkuta zuruzitiro. Muri icyo gihe, uburebure bwo guterura intambara ku rukuta bigomba kuba byibura 40cm (bitandukanye, ubunini bw'urupfu). Abashitsi n'abashushanya bakeneye kwitondera byimazeyo iki kibazo. Ibisenge bizakora akazi kabo hanyuma ugende, noneho irangira izatangira kumanika ku rukuta marble no kwiruka mu mazi. Kumenyekanisha mugihe cyashize.
Kwiringira byimazeyo gutungurwa, birakenewe kugirango menye amahirwe yo gusukura urubura. Nibyifuzo kandi gukora hejuru yinzu yumuhanda na feri ifite amashanyarazi ashyushya amashanyarazi, akoreshwa ahantu hose muri iki gihe.
Mubindi bintu, ubushobozi butwara byuzuye bugomba kwitabwaho. Niba umukiriya ashaka gukora ibyatsi hejuru yinzu cyangwa gutegura ibihuru, bigomba kwitondera ko umutwaro uhuza uzagera kuri 300-500KG / M2. Ata izaba ikomeje kuzamuka mu giciro no gupima igishushanyo mbonera.
Ni ngombwa kandi ni ibihe bintu byo gusakara uzahitamo. Ikigo "Tempstroystem" gifite uburambe bwa balkoni yimyanda hamwe nibikoresho bya bitumen-polymeric na polymeric. Mu majwi make, birakugora cyane gukorana na polymer membrane, niba gusa kuberako atari buri gihe bishoboka gukoresha-flame yatwitse. Muri rusange, urashobora gukurikiza ibikoresho byinshi bigezweho. Hariho ibibazo mugihe gusana amazi y'amaterasi, twasanze hydroteloiheteloiyol, itatanye, itatanye muri polymers. Yabaye rero munsi y'ibikorwa bya Microganism na mikorobe. Ku giciro cyibice bibiri bya polymer-bitumen hamwe na polymer membrane biratandukanye gato.
Kugeza ubu dutanga kubintu bishinzwe supermebrane "resitora". Igizwe nibice byibikoresho byiza byo gusakara: EPDM, Polymocplas yo mu myambarire na sBS-yahinduwe bitumen. Itapi yo gusakara irasuye ku kazu k'umwuka ushushe. Ibi bikoresho bihenze cyane kumasoko, ariko ababakiriya baha agaciro kwizerwa no kuramba bihitamo nta gicucu cyo gushidikanya. "Rezitrix" yakoreshejwe mu kuvomera umuyoboro munsi ya chat ya la mans, kuri bmw na mersede ibihingwa by'imodoka. Bikwiye kuba intangiriro yo gukoresha no mumazu yigenga yo mukarere ka Moscou.
Igishushanyo rero cyangwa kitari munzu yinzu yigenga, amaterasi, bkoni ahubwo ni amagambo. Birumvikana ko bisobanutse, niba ibikoresho byemerera kandi impengamiro kuba ubwubatsi bwubwoko buturuka kuri nyirayo. Kwiga Ubusitani bwa Semiramide Semiramide, ibi bishushanyo ntibizashobora guhatana, ahubwo ntizashobora guhanagushaho terems itukura, ntagushidikanya ko isura nubushakashatsi buzakurwaho.