Ibibazo n'ibyiringiro byo kubaka imiturire ya Moscou. Ibisabwa kugirango uguze nibiciro kurwego rwamazu mashya, hamwe namagambo make yerekeye inyubako zo guturamo ya Kurkino - Akarere gashya Moscou.
Moscou birashoboka ko ari umwe mu mijyi mike y'Uburusiya aho harimo kubaka amazu. Umwaka ushize, metero kare zirenga miliyoni 3.5 zimiturire mishya yagaragaye mumurwa mukuru. Muri icyo gihe, bitandukanye n'imyaka yashize, amazu 70% yubatswe mubice bimaze gushingwa mumujyi. Amahirwe nk'aya yagaragaye afashe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda yo kwiyubaka amagorofa atanu n'umunzuro gahoro gahoro kuva mu nzego z'inganda ziva muri Moscou. Igikorwa cyo gutera inkunga no kubaka inyubako zo guturamo mu turere twamaze gushingwa no kugira isura yabo idasanzwe (cyane cyane mu mujyi rwagati) ishinzwe ishami rishinzwe kubaka ibidukikije (DVP).
Ishami rya Politiki idasanzwe yo kubaka Moscou yavuye mu 1996. Bimaze kugaragara ko umujyi utazashobora gukomeza umuvuduko ukenewe ku rwego rukwiye rwujuje ubuziranenge gusa. Byari nkenerwa gutunganya gahunda yo gutera inkunga amafaranga ya gahunda yo kubaka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ikigo cy'abashoramari mu mijyi, gutera inkunga no guhuza ibice bitandukanye bya gahunda y'ishoramari, harimo no gutegura ibidukikije bitewe n'iterambere ry'umujyi. Ntabwo urugamba rumwe rwingengo yimari rwakoreshejwe kuri ibi bikorwa byose byubuyobozi.
Ikigega cy'imiturire cy'Uburusiya gifite metero kare miliyari 2.76 z'uburebure. Abantu barenga miliyoni 290 (11%) bakeneye gusana bikomeye hanyuma kongera ibikoresho byimiterere yingirakamaro, na miliyoni 250 (9%) mu kwiyubaka. Hafi ya 20% yumuryango wimitutu mu mujyi ntabwo ari ahantu. Mu mijyi mito, buri rugo rwa kabiri ntirufite ubuhanga bwuzuye. Muri rusange, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 40 (abantu barenga 27%) baba mu nzu hamwe n'iterambere rituzuye. Umubare w'inyubako zangiritse kandi zihutirwa hamwe no kwaguka kurenza 70% birakura. Mu myaka 8, ingano yizo nzu yiyongereyeho 60%, kandi umubare wubuzima ni 32%. Noneho mu mazu kugira ngo asenywe, hafi 2% by'abaturage bo mu Burusiya.
Twabwiwe ibijyanye n'ibibazo n'ibyiringiro byo kubaka imiturire ya Moscou, Umutware wungirije w'ishami rishinzwe serivisi zidasanzwe ry'ubwubatsi Sergey Vladimirovich Thahor yatubwiye.- Sergey Vladimirovich, ni gute ushobora kuranga ibintu n'amazu y'ubwubatsi i Moscou?
- Kwinjiza amazu ahanini, nubwo akenshi ntarengwa yo gutanga amazu mashya inyuma yateganijwe amezi 3-6. Kenshi na kenshi, gutanga inyubako nshya bikorwa mu mpera zumwaka. Hariho ibibazo byubwiza bwubwubatsi. Ibirego by'ingenzi bya Novoselov bireba imiti ifite ibibanza, imiyoboro y'ubwubatsi, ubwinjiriro no kubyegera.
Noneho mu nyubako za Moscou, cyane cyane ubwoko bubiri. Aya asanzwe amenyerewe kandi ntabwo azwi cyane, ariko kwakira abantu benshi. Muri bo, ikadiri yitwaje beto, kandi inkuta zashyizwe n'amatafari kugira ngo inzu "ihumeka". Mubindi bintu, amatafari yo gutaka ni meza kandi ntabwo yangiza isura yumujyi. Ntabwo nzahagarika ibintu byo kubaka, nzabona gusa ko ikoranabuhanga ryo kubaka inyubako za Monolithit rigufasha gukora amazu n'imiterere yubuntu. Ni ngombwa ko amazu ashyushye kandi yubahiriza byimazeyo ibisabwa na Snipa "yubaka ubushyuhe". Izi nyubako ntabwo zihenze cyane kuruta panel, ariko ubeho neza muri bo. Turateganya ko mu mpera za 2002, icyuho cy'ibiciro hagati ya monolithic na panel bizagabanuka kugera ku 10-15%. Inzu ya Monolithic Inyubako yinzu nintambwe ikurikira nyuma yitsinda, bityo rero wubake kwisi yose.
- Nigute amakuru ari ukuri ko amazu yitsinda risanzwe atujuje amategeko agenga ubushyuhe no hanze?
- Yego, ikibazo kirahari rwose. Nuburyo bwo kubihitamo, ntibisobanutse. Ikigaragara ni uko imbata zakozwe ninyubako eshatu nini nini zo munzu zisuka zifatwa nk "ubukonje" ukurikije aya mahame. Kandi kugirango twongere ibikoresho byo gukora umusaruro kumusaruro wa "ushyushye" kuri DSC nta mafaranga. Nkigisubizo, iki gipimo ntikirakora kugirango iyubakwa amazu ridahaguruka. Nibyiza rero amacumbi kuruta ntawe. Kuva mu 2001, Ishami ryagize uruhare mu kubakwa amazu y'indere. Amasosiyete amwe yubaka izi nyubako ubu yimukira mubuhanga bushya. Turimo kuvuga ku byitwa inyubako-Monolithic Inyubako-Monolithic: Ikadiri ni monolithic, kandi imbaho zishingiye ku butegetsi zishingiye hejuru.
- Ni ibihe bibazo ishami ubu?
- Mbere ya byose, iyi niyo yiyongera mu giciro cyo kubaka. Ku gice cya kabiri cyumwaka ushize, wiyongereyeho 35-40%. Kandi ibi biterwa ahanini no kwiyongera kw'ibiciro byo kubaka ibikoresho, bigera kuri 50%. CEVEVE yazamutse hafi inshuro 2, icyuma - kuri 20% kandi bikiri bihenze kuruta ku isoko ry'amahanga, ibiciro by'igiti byageze ku isi. N'umucanga ukenewe na kaburimbo i Moscou i Moscou kuri defisit zose. Kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'ubwubatsi n'ibikorwa byayo, nubwo byazamutse ku giciro cya lisansi hafi 20%, ntabwo byari ngombwa cyane kandi bingana na 3-4%. Hafi ya byinshi byazamutse imbaraga.
Twabibutsa ko muri rusange muri Moscou ikiguzi cyumurimo wubwubatsi ari hejuru cyane. Impamvu yo guhatanira hasi hagati yubwubatsi no kwishyiriraho. Kugira ngo ikibazo, twe, mbere, dutangiye kujyana nuburyo bwagereranijwe bwo kwishyura. Sisitemu yongeyeho kugabanya ikiguzi cyakazi izemera ko ikoreshwa ryibikoresho byingirakamaro kubakiriya nkukubaka ubwishingizi bwimpanuka. Icya kabiri, dukurura abamwubatsi bo mu nyubako za Yugosilaviya muri Yugosilaviya, Makedoniya, Buligariya, Ukraine, Moldaviya, ikora neza kandi hamwe no kubahiriza igihe ntarengwa. Ibigo bitinze, kubaka no kwishyiriraho biva mu karere ka Moscou guhatanira neza abubaka Moscou. Kubikorwa byo ku mazu y'indobanure mu kigo duteganya gukurura abashoramari muri Finlande. Ariko ibi ntibisobanura ko twanze imiscovite. Bamwe mu bashoramari, urugero, Valentina LLC cyangwa Astrom-7 LLC, ntabwo ari bibi kurusha abanyamahanga. Kandi amarushanwa meza atuma gusa ibigo bya metropolitan bikora hamwe ninshingano zikomeye.
Guhera 2001, ibikorwa nyamukuru byishami ryacu ni iyubakwa ryimiturire kubantu bakize. Turimo kuvuga amazu ya monolithic namatafari yubuziranenge bwanoze mubice bizwi cyane byumurwa mukuru. Ingingo inyubako n'izi nyubako zizakorwa mu kigo no mu turere two mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwateye imbere mu majyepfo y'Amajyaruguru, mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba, mu majyepfo y'ubutegetsi, mu majyepfo n'iburengerazuba. Byongeye kandi, ishami riteganya gahunda za politiki yo kubaka ibidukikije mu myaka itatu kugira ngo mpitabe m2 ibihumbi 900 m2 y'amazu mu gace ka Kurkino. Urwego rwibiciro kubice bishya bizaba hejuru. Igiciro cya 1 M2 hagati yumurwa mukuru gishobora kuba cyarenze $ 1000. Mubindi bihe, bizava kuri $ 700 kugeza $ 1000 kuri 1 M2. Kugeza ubu, i Kurkino, amazu agurishwa ku giciro cya $ 500 kuri 1 M2, ariko hari impamvu yo kwizera ko hamwe n'iterambere ry'Akarere biziyongera kugera ku $ 600-700.
Inzu nshya irashobora kugurwa na guverinoma ya Moscou.
Vuba aha kugurisha amazu mu mazu yubatswe na guverinoma ya Moscou yari uburenganzira bwa 15 byemewe amasosiyete ahabwa umutungo utimukanwa. Ariko mu Kuboza umwaka ushize, ikigo kimwe cyo kugurisha imiturire, cyashyizweho n'ishami rishinzwe kubaka ibituba bidasanzwe, batangira akazi. Inshingano ya Centre ni ugushiraho abenegihugu nkuko byoroshye kandi byiza kubaturage. Buri muguzi wa Metropolitan arashobora kugura inzu mumazu mashya, yubatswe nishami, ntabwo binyuze mubigo byitiriweho, kandi binyuze mu kigo kimwe cyo kugurisha kuri guverinoma ya Moscou, bituma inzira yoroshye kandi ifite umutekano kubakiriya. Noneho ikigo gishinzwe ibyumba munzu zirenze mirongo itandatu, zimaze gushyingwa cyangwa zashinzwe uyu mwaka. Agace kwose k'amazu asabwa ni igihumbi kirenga 700 M2.Nk'uko guverinoma ya Moscou, mu 2000, abakozi ba by'ubwubatsi bubatswe kandi bashinzwe imyaka 3530.9 M2 ibihumbi n'ibihumbi by'inyubako zo guturamo, kandi muri Moscou - 334.3 M2. Muri ibyo, ibihumbi 41.6.6 M2 - Amazu ya komine; 1460.8 M2 yazanye gahunda yo kongera kubaka utubako ziba inyubako zibigenewe bitanu, na 670. Inyubako ibihumbi bitanu muri iyi nimero zashenywe mu nyubako zangiritse (169 z'amagorofa atanu zarasenyutse hamwe n'ahantu hose 492.1 Igihumbi M2).
Indi 628.3 M2 ni icumbi ry'ubucuruzi ryo gutumiza imijyi. Hagati ya Moscou, M2 ibihumbi 336 ya m2 y'inyubako zo guturamo (komini - ibihumbi 49
Umusanzu w'ingenzi muri gahunda yo kubaka umurwa mukuru yatanzwe n'ishami rya Politiki idasanzwe yo kubaka Moscou. Ishoramari rye mumazu mashya mu 2000 rifite amafaranga miliyari 1100, bityo yagaragaye 919.2 ya m2 igihumbi. Muri icyo gihe, ku nyubako zituwe mu bihumbi 143.7 M2 yubatswe ku butaka bw'umujyi rwagati (65% kurenza umwaka ushize). Imiturire irenga 234 ya M2 itareguriwe umujyi.
Amazu ahendutse arashobora kugurwa mu iterambere ryinshi: mu majyaruguru na Amajyepfo ya Butovo (UNSAO) - 11-13 Amafaranga ibihumbi. Kuri 1 m2, muri parike ya Maryan (Yuvao) - Ikwirakwizwa ry'ibihumbi, muri Bratueva (Yuao) - 12-12.5 ku bihumbi by'ibihumbi byatanzwe mu majyepfo ya $ 1 M2.Amacumbi agurishwa cyane ntarangiza. Hariho amazu afite imiterere yubuntu, ni ukuvuga, hatabayeho amacakubiri yimbere, tubikesha amacakubiri yibyumba ashobora gukorwa muburyohe bwabo.
Mugusura ikigo kimwe cyo kugurisha, urashobora kumenyera imiterere namafoto yibintu byose. Niba ubishaka, abaguzi bava aho kugirango babone inzu irangiye cyangwa iyubakwa ryubatswe. Muguhitamo amahitamo, umukiriya mu kigo cyagurishijwe gihuriweho atanga amasezerano, hanyuma yishyura ibikorwa muri banki no kwiyandikisha muri banki ya Moskomregnostration - Iyi ngero ziri mu nyubako ya politiki yo kubaka ibidukikije, iherereye muri Hagati ya Moscou (vozdvizhenka, 8/1). Usibye kuzigama cyane, umuguzi abona amahirwe yo kugabanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe - hari amasezerano hagati ya dvps na moskomregistration kumurongo wambere wo kugurisha no kugura amazu. Ibuka ko inshingano za leta hamwe na noteri wa leta ni 1.5% byamafaranga yubucuruzi. Ariko, bisabwe nabakiriya, igishushanyo mbonera cyamasezerano yo kugurisha birashoboka. Kumva uzigamye umuguzi kuri Komisiyo, azatanga isosiyete itimukanwa (uyu munsi ni 2.5-3%).
Akarere ka Moscou Ubusuwisi
Vladimir resin: "Ndashaka rwose kuvuga kuri Kurkino. Ngiyo akarere ka mbere ka Moscou, twubatswe hakurikijwe ibipimo byinshi bigezweho by'Ikinyejana cya XXI, akarere ka Moscow Wuzuye Ubusuwisi! Nta nzu y'ikigo izabaho. "
Kimwe mu bintu bishimishije, umushoramari rusange wacyo nishami rya Politiki yo kubaka revomishi, ni ahantu hatuwe ho gutura. Ishyirwaho hakurikijwe itegeko rya guverinoma ya Moscou. 1063 yo ku ya 16 Ugushyingo 1999. Ahantu h'inshuti y'ibidukikije iherereye mu karere ka Leta y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburengerazuba. Mu majyaruguru, aho twubatswe byegeranye n'umuhanda wa Mashkin, mu majyepfo - mu burasirazuba bw'umuhanda, mu burasirazuba - mu mujyi wa Khimki, no mu mujyi wa Khimki, no ku mupaka wa Khimki, no mu mujyi wa Khimki, no mu mujyi wa Khimki, no mu mujyi wa Khimki, no mu mujyi wa Khimki, no ku mupaka wa Khimki, no ku mupaka wa Khimki, n'umupaka w'iburengerazuba, n'umupaka w'iburengerazuba banyura mu nkombe z'umugezi wa Skhodnya. Agace ni urugendo rw'iminota mirongo itatu uhereye hagati yimodoka cyangwa mirongo itanu - nubwikorezi rusange.
Dukurikije umushinga wateguwe kandi washyizwe mu bikorwa washyizwe mu bikorwa, 936.5 M2 ibihumbi by'imiturire bizubakwa ku karere ka hegitari 790, zizaba abantu ibihumbi 40-45. Icyiciro cya mbere cyamazu kimaze gutangwa mu ntangiriro za 2001. Uyu mwaka imyaka 400 m2 izubakwa uyu mwaka. Abandi 300 M2 bazagaragara mu 2002. Kubakwa byuzuye byafashwe mu 2003. Inyubako yo guturamo izahagararirwa ninyubako za Tegasar yo guhumurizwa cyane:
- Agasanduku k'ibumoso 2-3 hamwe n'ahantu hatuwe hamwe n'ahantu 4.5-5.5 (agace ko kubaka akazu ka 167.6 M2);
- Amazu 3-4-yububiko hamwe nibibanza byo murugo hamwe nubuso butarenze hegitari 3 (agace k'iterambere rya 155.4 M2);
- Amazu mu magorofa 7-12 (agace kwubaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bya M2).
Inzu ya seriveri isanzwe i Kurkino ntizubakwa. Inyubako zose zubatswe kumishinga imwe kandi ziratandukanye gusa muburyo, ahubwo zirimo no mu ibara (kubera gukoresha amatafari y'ibicucu bitandukanye - kuva mu mucyo wijimye wijimye). Ariko icy'ingenzi ni uko muri aya mazu, hiyongereyeho isura nziza kandi ubushyuhe bwizewe n'amajwi meza, igenamigambi ryiza ryamazu ryatanzwe: Agace k'igikoni ka 12-15 M2; Ingoro nicyumba cyo kubamo byibuze 20 m2; Mu nyubako eshatu na enye - ubwiherero bubiri. Amadirishya yose hamwe na logisiya bizavuza hamwe, kandi Windows-yambaye ibiri ya grozed izashyirwaho mumadirishya.
Inyubako zamanutse hamwe nukazu bigomba kuba bifite sisitemu yo gushyushya umuntu ku giti cye, bizafasha abaturage kwibagirwa ibibazo byo kubura ibihe byubushyuhe nubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bwakarere buzakorwa bidashingiye ku nkomoko imwe, ariko gukoresha ubwigenge bwinshi. Igisubizo nk'iki cyatewe inkunga na Moscou byuzuye, kubera ko kizarinda ubuziranenge bwa kamere n'ubutaka bwa kurkino. Mugihe kizaza, hateganijwe kwagura uruzi no kubaka urugomero, bizagufasha gufungura sitasiyo yibyanda na data base siporo y'amazi.
Hanyuma, inyubako zito zose zizamuka zizaba zifite igaraje ryubatswe. Kumodoka abatuye inyubako ndende, haba mu ruganda rwa parikingi, cyangwa zitandukanijwe ndetse na mowasi yahagaritswe.
Kurkino Isi Yihariye Mubwiza: Ikibaya kirimo kibaya cyumugezi skhodni, kurohama mu masoko, arengere ku biti byo mu misozi ... Kuzigama ahantu h'imisozi myinshi kumihanda minini, kandi hafi yumugezi cyangwa ishyamba kugirango yubake akazu.