Uburyo bushingiye ku moko muburyo bwa none. Ibitekerezo no kwitoza.
Umurima mumajyaruguru ya Gana (ubwenegihugu bwa Sirigi)
Inzu idasanzwe yatewe no gutangiza (Sombie Sombie), Afurika
"Trone Umuyobozi" - Ubusobanuro bwa plastike muri Afurika ntashishikarizwa
Amafoto Zebra- Organic Imbere Igishushanyo mbonera muburyo budasanzwe
Iyi ntebe kandi ameza ni nkaho yakozwe nabakabije, ntabwo yigeze abona ibikoresho byu Burayi
Ku mpapuro z'ibinyamakuru bitangiye gutegura, imbere mu byerekezo bitandukanye murashobora kuboneka. Kugeza ubu hari amarambiye mu moko agenga moko. Itandukanijwe na masike n'ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe, imyenda ifite imitako isa na peteroli, ibikoresho byo hejuru munsi y'ingwe, Calabas ku gikondo, uruhu rwa Zebras hasi ikindi gitangaza ibintu. Isv kandi ubu buryo ni ubuhe? Kuki akunzwe cyane? Kandi birashoboka kubyita uburyo muburyo bukomeye bwijambo?
Kugira urugwiro mato kumateka yubuhanzi, twibutse ko umuntu wenyine afatwa nkuburyo bwuzuye bugaragara mu bice bitandukanye byubuzima ndetse nuburyo bwose bwo gushushanya no kubaka ibishushanyo mbonera, mu buhanzi bukoreshwa , kora ibintu byimbere, igishushanyo mbonera. Imisusi minini nkiyi yabaye, nkuko mubizi, bya kera, imiterere yuburyo, Gothique, Baroque, Draque, Ibikorwa, Ibigezweho, Ibigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi bigezweho, nibindi Bateye imbere buhoro buhoro, byinshi cyangwa bike bikuraho undi. Kuva kera, uburyohe bwahinduwe, kandi hamwe na bo nubwubatsi nubuhanzi. Igisubizo cyari gikenewe mubyiciro bito. Baramenyerewe guhamagara icyerekezo. Ingingo yo kuganira kwacu nayo, ahubwo, icyerekezo cya stylistic, kidafite izina ryemewe. Yitwa primailitive, ubwoko, abantu, bidasanzwe, ubukoloni. Ariko uko byagenda kose, imitungo ya kera yuburyo bunini ntiruhabwa.
Gutangira, reka tugerageze kumenya bike hamwe nizina. Reka tuvuge gusa: Ijambo ubwoko rirakwiriye kuri we. Mubyukuri, muburyo bwose, uko byagenda kose, imico y'igihugu bigaragarira, kandi hafi ya byose muri byo bikozwe mu emtroni, cyangwa abaturage (urugero, imisusi y'Abashinwa, Abashinwa, ibirusiya, n'ibindi). Igitekerezo cya folklore (abantu bahinnye) akenshi bitiranya igihugu (rustic) cyangwa bagakoresha aya magambo nka synonyme. Nibyiza, birahagarara rwose. Ijambo pritive ryatijwe abahanga mu by'amateka y'ubuhanzi (reba "ubuhanzi bwa pritive") ndetse no ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'abagize, ahubwo ni ibara ribi (nkuko ubukoloni; ikoreshwa kenshi kuruta abandi). Inzira imwe cyangwa indi, tujugunye izina rimwe: Exotic. Ahari tuzabikoresha.
Kububaha utaratanga ikibazo: Birakwiye icyerekezo cya stylistic cyo kuganira, niba kitarafite izina ryashizweho? Bazasubiza nkibi: Hazabaho ibintu, kandi ijambo kuri we rizayitaho.
Kubwamamare ndashimira byoroshye, gukora neza nuburyo bworoshye, ubu buryo icyarimwe bukubiyemo ikintu gihishe, domirming hepfo yubugingo bwa buri. Ndambiwe cyane kurenza urugero, amakuru nigihangange imyumvire yo guharanira "nyayo" na knocham, ku nkomoko hanze yimibereho nukuri. Turimo kureba gusa umuriro nimugoroba nimugoroba, nka sekuruza wabo wa kera. Abahanga mu bya psychologue bigezweho bahamagaye ubwenge bwuyu muntu - uburyo budafite amaraso, imyaka-ya kera. Twibutse mugihe batari abantu mubusabane bwijambo. Birashoboka, ibi byose birashobora gusobanurwa no gutsinda icyerekezo kidasanzwe. By the way, uyumunsi kuza kwa kabiri kwuburyo bumaze kugaragara. Mubyukuri byari ibyambere?
Inzira yo gukolonizwa n'abantu benshi mu baturage ba Afrika, Aziya na Amerika y'Epfo byegereye kurangira kurangiza XIXSTOLY. Muri icyo gihe kimwe, umubare munini wibicuruzwa byabantu wakuwe mubihugu bishyuha. Igihe cya WTO bashimishijwe gusa n'abari ba Ernographe n'ababuranyi b'intangarugero biteguye ku basirikare b'umukungugu. Ubuhanga bwiburayi bwatejwe imbere muburyo bwabo: igezweho yari yasinze ibishushanyo mbonera byabayapani hamwe na farashi. Ariko ishyaka ryo kunonosorwa buhoro buhoro ryacitse intege.
Ubuhanzi bugaragara bwo gutangira Xxvek bwahindutse umurima w'ubushakashatsi bunini. Abahanzi bahinduye amaso ku shingiro ry'uko, byashyizwemo "prititives", - abantu ba Kferitiya, ku maske y'abanyamisogwe. Visor y'impinduramatwara y'ubuhanzi yageze ku ndunduro mbere y'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose, ishyaka ry'abashushanya bo muri Afurika hamwe na ba shebuja amashuri n'amabwiriza atandukanye. Umuhango wa Negro Negro wagurishijwe hanyuma mu maduka ya kera ku nkombe zihendutse kandi bidatinze yasimbuwe mu mahugurwa ya posts kuva Apollo Belvedere. Birashobora kumvikana ko yakurura igisekuru muri bo, yashakaga gusohoka ahereye ku buryo bw'imigenzo y'iburengerazuba. Ishirwaho ryabanyabukorikori badafite ishingiro ryagize imico ubutwari bwo mu Burengerazuba bumurikira inzira zabo zinanganye: Imvugo ikomeye, kumvikana kwuburyo, kwanga tekinike no muri rusange.
Igikorwa cyo guhanga amakimbirane cyahindutse ihame ryingenzi ryabahanzi na I. Balovarova, M.LANDONOV, K. Malevich, wunze ubumwe mumyaka 1912 mumuryango wa Oslin. Kwiyita "infashanyo" ya brush yo muri brush bishakisha ubwabo, batangaza agaciro k'ubuhanzi bwa pritive.
Kwinginga ko umuhanzi "wibanze" adandika isura nyayo muri kamere, ariko yubaka mubice bihari. Dukurikije urugero rwa Hogen kandi, ahari, Matissey kubuhanzi bwibanze bwahindutse Pablo Picasso. Ntabwo bigoye gukeka ko yakozwe muburyo bwo gushushanya mubintu byagenwe, byatandukanye cyane nuburyo bwo kwerekana ibitekerezo byera. Intego yumuhanzi ntabwo yigana isura, ariko ikora igishushanyo mbonera. Rero, igishushanyo "Abakobwa ba Avignon", mubyukuri, ntakindi ugerageza guhindura "ibyakoreshejwe muburayi". Plastike imwe yo muri Afrika yimuriwe kumurongo ugezweho, ubanza alien tatic-canvas, amavuta.
Gushakisha byose byakozwe na ntabwo gushushanya no gushushanya gusa, ariko, mubisanzwe, ubwubatsi. Nk'uko reaction yo gushyira mu gaciro mu bice by'inganda, mu myaka ya za 1930 hari "ubwubatsi bwa Organit" bwabanyamerika F. Lita, washyizeho inshingano yo guteza imbere ahantu nyaburanga. Birashoboka, kwiga icyiciro cya mbere cyubuzima bwumuntu kandi bizana abahagarariye "Ubwubatsi bwa Organic" kugirango bakore ibintu bisanzwe, guhagarika, amasumo imbere.
Mu nyigisho ze, soma muri SinBonne mu 1924, Leccussier yagize ati: "Inzu ifite igisekuru kinyuranye na anthropocentrism. Muyandi magambo, ibintu byose biganisha kumuntu ... kubwibyo, birakenewe kugirango bikorerwe ku rugero rwacu. " Nyuma ya nyuma yandika ibicuruzwa 1949, urashobora gusoma: "Agatombazi k'inkazi ifite ibyiza byose by'uburyo busanzwe. Niwe jyenyine mubintu bimwe na bimwe." Kugumana ubudahemuka ku mpano ye ivuguruzanya, shebuja yanze ku mahame ya geometrike yakwirakwijwe na we mbere yaho, kandi mu 1950-1953 yubatse Capell Notre Dame muri Ronsan. Nuburyo bwa mbere buhuye nibitekerezo bishya kubijyanye na plastike, imiterere ngengabuzima, ibikoresho nibikorwa. Igisenge, cyazamutse hejuru yinyubako yinyubako, yishingikiriza gusa mumanota menshi kandi asa nkaho yambaye mu kirere. Igisubizo cyiminara itatu yubahiriza neza hamwe nigitekerezo cya complex muri rusange. Ishapeli izwi cyane muri Ronshane, isa cyane na megalic medith, yabaye umurimo mwiza wa Lecumbusier.
Bigaragara mu mijyi itandukanye y'i Burayi n'imijyi y'Abanyamerika, amazu-mengirs, yubatse akoresheje ihame n'amahame ya Paleolithic, ashingiye kuri plastiki karemano. Ntibyumvikana niba uruyobe rwa P. A.Modiyani, Lecumbusier mubyiciro byambere-muri Afrika busuzumwa. Ariko, abavutse biturutse ku gisharugi rwatungishije umuco w'i Burayi, kurengera ibyifuzo by'ejo hazaza no kwerekana ibyahise mu buryo bushya. Kugira ngo abantu benshi bahinduke iterambere, ikiremwamuntu cyasubiye mu nkomoko yayo.
Plastiki
Akenshi ukoresheje ijambo "plastiki", ntabwo buri gihe dutekereza kubisobanuro byayo. Reka tugerageze kubimenya. Niba ushize mask nyafurika kumeza imwe, Nethake y'Abayapani, Ikirusiya cyo mu Burusiya na Statuette, bikozwe ku ruganda rwa Porcelain rw'Abadage, umuntu ashobora kubona ko nta gaciro byoroshye kuri aya masomo. Bashaka gutatana kandi bakabaho ahantu runaka hagati yabo. Ikigaragara ni uko umwanya uri imbere kandi hafi yabyo ushinzwe amahame atandukanye, ntabwo buri gihe ahuye. Mask ya IAFrikan, na Netreoshika ikozwe mubiti. Ariko isoko, imbaraga zambere za plastiki ziratandukanye cyane nuburebire bwa kabiri.Rero, birashobora kwemeza ko plastiki ari ihame ryo gushiraho amajwi. Iri hame rifite agaciro kubuhanzi bukoreshwa, kandi kuri materi yimbere, no kuba ubwubatsi.
Gereranya na Gothic yamenetse, viscous, fluid fluid igezweho kandi yuzuye, kuva amaraso menshi. Ishingiro ryo gutandukanya biracyari bimwe: gushiraho ihame rya plastiki. Plastikos mu kigereki bisobanura "ikwiriye ku buryo bwo kwerekana", cyangwa gukora imiterere. Intwaro, na we, zirashobora kubaho mumwanya gusa. Igitekerezo cya plastike gikoreshwa kuri demor, ariko, muriki gihe gishobora gusobanurwa nkubusugire bwa stylistic mubintu bimwe. Kurugero, Imbere ya Roketi isanzwe igana kuri plastike ya plastike ya stucco, idakwiye rwose muri gothic cyangwa minimalism.
Ariko, subira muburyo bwacu-muri Afrika. Byabaye ku buryo byari ku mugabane wa Afurika ko ubuzima n'inzira zabantu nabantu nabafite abantu babitswe muburyo bwiza. Uzirikane, byose cyangwa hafi ya byose ushobora kugura mumaduka ya kera yo murugo nibikoresho bya gear yubuhanzi bwamoko nibyitwa "kopi zigezweho zibicuruzwa gakondo byabanyabukorikori ba gakondo. Kandi mu Isi yafashwe nkishingiyeho, ibishoboka byose, - nkibisabwa, ntabwo birenga imyaka 150-200. Ikirere gishyuha, guhuza ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, termite ntacyo ironda, cyane cyane inkwi. Byongeye kandi, bikozwe mu ntego z'imihango ya mask cyangwa fetish nyuma yo gukoresha "kugeza ubu" byagombaga gusenywa, byatwitse cyangwa bivurwa no gufatwa n'abamisiyonari b'Abakristo. Ibyo ari byo byose, ibintu bya kera byabitswe mungoro ndangamurage z'i Burayi no gukusanya.
Igishushanyo nyafurika ntirumenetse kuri masike imwe, hari imirya mito mito y'abantu n'inyamaswa zo mu biti, umuringa, umuringa. Ba shebuja bo muri Amerika ba none, bakurikiza isoko, ntibize kwigana gusa urugero rwabashaje gusa, ariko nanone kurema ibiti bitangaje byinkwi. Wibuke ko iyi nyama zometse zirashobora kumenyekana nuburemere: biraremereye kuruta abandi no kurohama mumazi, usibye gutunganywa kandi bigoye mugutunganya.
Amahugurwa
Gukoresha icyerekezo cya exotic mugushushanya inzu birashimishije mubukungu bwacyo. Ndetse no mu gace gato k'umujyi, urashobora gukora imbere. Ukurikije icyifuzo cyawe, ubuzima n'amahirwe y'imari, menya urwego rwintangiriro murugo rwawe. Kwiyubaka byuzuye birashoboka ko bitaboneka. Ntibishoboka kugirango ushake burundu akazu k'umuhigi ku isi. Gukubita amafaranga nyayo birakomeza kuba inforent. ISO, nyizera, abatari bake.
Umwanya Exotic Umwanya ufite Amahitamo abiri yiterambere. Mu rukundo, inyamanswa ihindurwa imbere imbere, ariko muri genodiment igomba kuba geometrike muburyo butandukanye. Igenamigambi ryatoranijwe kubuntu, mubisanzwe bigamije hafi yicyumba cyo hagati mucyumba cya "Dissor". Zoning ikorwa ukoresheje hasi-kurwego rwinshi, ibice bigendanwa, wicker shirms hamwe numwenda. Kurangiza hejuru birashobora kuba inkuta zuzuye, gusa. Ariko nibyiza gukoresha ipfundo iryo ariryo ryose, bigana ibikoresho bisanzwe kandi bisa n'ibumba cyangwa ibuye ryacitse gato. Igorofa irashobora gusubikwa hamwe n'amabati ya ceramic munsi yibuye cyangwa ibimenyetso bya sisa. Komeste azaba imigezi yo gutaha hamwe nisumo ritemba binyuze mumabuye yubukorikori. Uburyo bwo Gutegura Oasis Muri Oasis, ikinyamakuru cyacu cyavukiye muri 2001.
Muri iyo defor, koresha "chamickage", bishoboka cyane kubanyamerika nyayo. Niba hari, urashobora gukoresha ibizwi kandi byoroshye kwemera icyombo cyose gikwiye gifite umugozi munini wa fibre karemano. Umubare wa maskes exotic na figurine bahisemo uburyohe bwawe, ariko ntugahindure inzu mu nzu ndangamurage. Itegereze cyane mu gishushanyo cya plastike cya Afrika ku bwinshi bitangira gukora mu gukandamiza. Ntiwibagirwe, kuko ibyo ari ibintu byo gusenga kw'amadini, kandi uzi imbaraga zidasanzwe bafata. Ubu ingoro ndangamurage y'ubuhanzi ubu zitanga guhitamo kopi zamafaranga zigezweho zo mu bigo nderagu, bityo Venusi ya Paleolithic yahisemo kujya mu nzoka mu matongo.
Palette murubanza yacu irabujijwe cyane kandi igarukira kumabara asanzwe. Birashobora kuba igicucu cyose cya ocher (zahabu yijimye, ibara ry'umuhondo, terracotta) na umbra (icyatsi kibisi, umukara wijimye, urwenya, imvi). Abahanzi bahamagara amarangi "isabune", kuko ubwoko butandukanye bwibumba buracyakoreshwa kugirango bakore ikirundo cyabo, bikubiyemo pigment nini. Hirya no hino mu bihe by'ibumba byambariye gusa lard, kandi nk'icya kirangi cyanditseho soot. Nibyiza gukoresha amazi-cyangwa amarangi ya acrylic.
Ibikoresho bifite imiterere yoroshye, ya laconici, nta guhinduka, gusiga irangi no gushushanya. Ibikoresho bya Wicker bivuye muri Rattan cyangwa imigano bizareba. Birahuye muburyo imbere nibintu uhereye gusa, ndetse nibiti bivukirwa, nkaho byacitse kuva igihe.
Umuyoboro udasanzwe. Nibyiza kumesa, gutera inkunga amayobera, twijimye. Inkomoko yumucyo igomba kuba idatoranijwe, imajwi. Kumatara, urashobora gukoresha imyenda hamwe nubushushanyo "prititive" cyangwa "amabara" yigana uruhu rwinyamaswa.
Igitabo-Igitabo Igitabo
Beam (It. Bilken-ibiti) - Gushyigikira ibintu, ubusanzwe butambitse, imiterere ya primatique, ishingiye ku nkunga. Igiti gishobora kuba ibiti, ibuye, byashimangiye beto. Biri mu ruhererekane rw'ibiti bigize urumuri cyangwa hejuru. Inkunga ninkuta cyangwa ibinyabiziga (inkingi, inkingi).
Bungalow (Icyongereza. Bungalow) - Ihema ryakozwe mu ruhu, kubona amazu arengana yemejwe n'abahinde b'Abanyamerika. Inzego nkizo ziboneka muri Afrika Aboriginal, Aziya, Oceania. Imiterere munsi yigituba cyimiryango (inyubako zo mu nyami z'igihugu zifite veranda ifunguye) mu bubiko bwa Amerika bugezweho nazo zitwa bungalows. Igitekerezo cya "bungalow" mubisobanuro bigezweho muri 50 bigize uruhare mubwubatsi bwa F. gucana, kugena nkigice cya "Ubwubatsi Bwububiko".
"Ubwubatsi Organic" - Icyerekezo kiri mu bubatsi bwa Xxvek, gikwirakwira muri Amerika no mu Burayi bwiburengerazuba muri 30 - 50s. Inyigisho nyamukuru, zateye imbere na F. Lit, zivuga ko inyubako yari imeze nk'inyubako isa n'ibinyabuzima bizima, iterambere rigenwa n'ibikenewe by'abantu n'ibidukikije. Wright yizeraga ko inyubako yingenzi ariho aho utuye, ntabwo ari isura. Niba imiterere yimbere yinzu ari nziza kandi yoroshye, birashoboka ko bizaba byiza kandi hanze. "O. A. A." Yarwanyije prammatismu yumye, biranga kubaka. Umuyoboro Mwijuru winyubako nibidukikije, intangiriro yubwubatsi mu nyamaswa n'igihugu mu kubaka ibidukikije, imbere y'ibirwa bya kamere nzima, imbere y'ibirwa bya kamere nzima, imbere y'inzuki, amasumo, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, bishimangira igitekerezo cyibanze yo gukomeza ahantu nyaburanga hanze no imbere mu nyubako.
Megalith (Gr. megas-nini, ibuye rya lithos) - Kubaka imiterere yubuzima buvurwa hafi cyangwa butavuwe. Hariho ubwoko butatu bwa megaliths: dolmens, abamari na croms. Kugaragara kw'inzego za megalithic kwanditswe kugeza ku iherezo rya neolithic (imyaka 20-23 Don.e.).
Dolmen . -Kuri 40 kugeza 300t). Kenshi na kenshi, abakuru bakoreshejwe mu gushyingura. Yatanzwe mu Burayi, Aziya, Afurika, ahanini mu turere two mu nyanja. Ni umuringa, rimwe na rimwe mu kinyejana.
Cromlech (Breton Crom-Rom, Lech-Kibuye) - Imiterere ya megalithic yo gutega. Nuruziga cyangwa uruziga rwinshi rugizwe nuburebure bwa (6-7 M uburebure), bihagaze neza, rimwe na rimwe bikaba bihagarikwa na mabuye. Ibintu nkibi biboneka mubice bitandukanye byumucyo ushaje kandi mushya. Croms zizwi cyane zo mu Bwongereza (Slantethenge) na Brittany (karnak).
Merira - Amabuye ya oblong, ingaragu cyangwa gukora cyane (kugeza kuri kilometero nyinshi). Uburebure bw'amabuye - kuva1 kugeza 20m nibindi. Rimwe na rimwe bitwikiriye ubutabazi. Bikunze kugaragara mu Burayi bw'i Burengerazuba. Ikigaragara ni uko, ifitanye isano no gusenga kw'abapfuye.
Petroglyph (Gr. amatungo, ibuye, urujya n'uruza) - Ishusho, gukomanga, gishushanyijeho cyangwa gutwarwa ku mabuye atandukanye, hejuru ya cliff, ubuso bw'ubwato.
Kwizihiza - Ihame shingiro ryubwubatsi. Kubaka bigizwe no kuruhuka ku nkunga ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi zihagaritse. Ibiti birimo ibisobanuro, ibice byinyubako, gutandukanya ibyumba ku magorofa (hamwe nigisenge cyoroheje cyangwa giteye isoni). Urugero rw'umuntu wa mbere w'Abagore-Belmen.
Tectonics (Gr. Tektonike) - Ibigize, Ikigereranyo cya Carriers nibice bidasanzwe, bigaragazwa muburyo bwa plastike. Tectonics yigaragazamo ibice, injyana, gusobanura ibintu.
"Ubuhanzi gakondo" - Ubuhanzi Bubaho ku byifuzo byo hasi mubantu bose no gukomeza gukomeza gukurikiza ibintu byose byingenzi (imikorere, ubwoko, imvugo, ibishusho, nibindi.). Ibiranga byihariye: imiterere itari umwuga kandi itandukanye yo guhanga, kuzuza ikimenyetso cyimigani, itumanaho ridasanzwe hamwe nidini ryose.
Fetish - Ikintu gisanzwe cyangwa cyihariye cyakozwe cyitirirwa imbaraga ndengakamere zishobora guha abantu serivisi zitandukanye. Ibintu nk'ibi birashobora kwihanganira amabuye, ibiti, kurohama, n'ibindi, kimwe n'ibintu bitandukanye byo mu rugo, nk'inkono, calebas. Mu bicuruzwa bya gushushanya akenshi bikunze kugaragara kuri antroporphic cyangwa zoomorphic. Fetish irashobora kugenewe, kurugero, kurinda umurima n'amazu.
Calebas - Ubwato bukozwe mu gihaha cyagutse kandi cyumye.