Nigute wakiza amashanyarazi? Ibyifuzo byisoko rya kijyambere: kubara, ibyifuzo, ibikoresho byo kumurika.
Ibikoresho byinshi byo gucana byagaragaye mu nzu yawe nshya cyangwa mu kazu. Niba ukurikiza itegeko rya Zahabu ryo kunisha abantu, kubakoresha ntibizagabanya cyane amashanyarazi n'amatara, ahubwo bikaba byiza nyirubwite.
Ntabwo bishoboka ko umuntu wese uzatongana nukuntu amafaranga menshi yinjizwa no gutanyanya abantu. Ariko, kuba umukire mubintu ntibisobanura kuzenguruka hafi yinyanja yubusa. Inzu ya Wozkovsko yegera kure y'abakene kubara Abalewi Tolstoy nta mwobo w'amashanyarazi na terefone, bamaze kuba muri 90 mu kinyejana cya 90, abo mu gihe cy'umwanditsi bahari bafite amafaranga.
Umwe mu bantu bakize ku isi, yatinze Paulimioniare Paul Ghetty yashizwe mu nzu ye yishyuye imodoka za terefone zashakaga guhamagara abashyitsi. Nyiricyubahiro-hogo, yakuyeho umwanya wa Munele, yahatiye inzira. Ntamuntu numwe wigeze amera amashanyarazi kuri we n'amazi adakenewe bidasanzwe.
Uratekereza, n'igishushanyo, hamwe na midionaire byari ibisibo n'ibibyimba, abaragwa bo mu mwuka ba Gogol plushkin? Ntabwo ari rwose. Bacukuye hirya no hino kugira ngo bateze imbere igitekerezo cyo kwishingikiriza.
Gusa umuntu ufite ubuswa n'umugome azagaragara muri fagitire ya Studol kandi yoza intoki hamwe na Brandy "hincesi". Hagati aho, ubukana budafunze hamwe namazi atemba, nta gaciro harimo urumuri mubyumba byubusa, ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bya fondeliers bihagije kugirango ukoreshe amashanyarazi make, ibikoresho byamaguru biruka - ibi bintu byose bikurikirana byerekana Kubura uburezi no kubura umuco mubatuye izo nzu.
Mu mazu yanjye akimenyerewe, ntabwo yemerwa buri munsi gufata (gufata kwihuta kandi bihendutse), buri gihe ukoreshe amashyiga yamashanyarazi (bihenze), koza imyenda nyuma ya saa sita (imodoka yarahanaguwe kuri a igiciro cyibanze kumanota abiri). Nta n'umwe muri bo uzatwika amashanyarazi hanze y'inzu, harimo ku mucyo mu busitani no ku bwinjiriro bw'imitungo gusa mu manza nkenerwa.
Umwanya wo gukoresha amashanyarazi mubuzima bwa buri munsi uhora ugura. Mu bukungu budahungabana, amafaranga y'amashanyarazi aragenda yiyongera. Ikibazo cyo kuzigama ingufu kiba icyambere haba muri leta no kubakoresha kugiti cyabo. Mu 1996, hafashwe icyemezo cya leta cyo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zo kuzigama ingufu zizigama. Moserrego yateye imbere kandi yemeza amara (Prefential) yo gukoresha amashanyarazi, abantu n'amategeko yemewe kugirango bashyireho metero yamashanyarazi hamwe namahoro abiri mumazu ninzego. Twabibutsa ko ubwumvikane bukubiye murugo bufite ibikoresho bibiri bya Seb-2 (icyiciro kimwe, gukurura ibiciro bigera kuri 50) hanyuma ushireho-icyiciro cya kabiri, umutwaro ugera kuri 60) kuri Niki igikoresho kigomba guhuzwa no guhindura ibiciro.. Mugihe ikibazo cyakemutse mu rwego rwo gukoresha ibikoresho byo gucana ibikoresho byo gucana, nubwo atari abakusanya urukiko.
Niki cyakorwa kugirango ugabanye ibiyobyabwenge kandi, kubwibyo, ikiguzi cyinzovu ikora hamwe nibikoresho byo kumurika?
Abashakashatsi b'amashanyarazi bafite ibitekerezo byinshi. Igisubizo cyiza cyaba cyo gukora ubwoko bwibirahuri, bituma kongera ibyiyumvo.
Tekereza, umwijima, wambara tulight (ijoro), utagabanya ibikorwa bya moteri kandi bikakwemerera gukomeza gusoma nta nkomoko yinyongera. Kugeza ubu, urugo, ibikoresho nkibi biratoroshye kandi bigakoreshwa cyane cyane kubikorwa bya gisirikare.
Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha amatara yongereye urumuri-rwimikorere hamwe nibiyobyabwenge bike. Nkiriho rwose. Mercury fluorescent amatara afite ubushobozi bwa 10-20ws afite umusaruro woroshye wa 40-80-watts incagescent itarangiza, ubuzima bwa serivisi bwa serivisi ni inshuro 6-8 kurenza ibisanzwe. Mubice byose byambere byabakora ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bitangwa nabakora ibintu byiza byose byibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Hariho, ariko, nuiance, ninde udashoboka kutamenyekana: Mercure ni icyuma kidasanzwe, kandi amatara nkiyi ntabwo arasabwa. Nubwo mu bigo no mu muhanda, amatara n'amatara ya mercury arinzwe nangiza, itara ryakurikiyeho ryatewe mu maboko yacu. Naho amatara ya Halogen, bahenze cyane kandi basaba kwishyiriraho no kugabanya impinduka, ntabwo buri gihe byoroshye mubikorwa.
Hanyuma, hari inzira ya gatatu yo gukemura ikibazo cyo kuzigama ingufu, abashinzwe amashanyarazi bagiye - kurema sisitemu yo kuzigama amashanyarazi no guteza imbere ibikoresho byo kugenzura no kugenzura.
Imyaka itatu irashize mugihugu cyacu, ku nshuro ya mbere, igikoresho cya mashini cyo guhagarika urumuri rudatinze kandi ugasanga mu buryo bwikora bwa AV-C-0.2-2.5 uhl 4, bikaba bimaze gukorwa n'ibiti bitandukanye muri Cis, cyane cyane nisosiyete impumyi muri Almaty. Nakandagiye buto - urumuri rufunguye kandi mugihe cyagenwe (mubisanzwe iminota ibiri) yazimye mu buryo bwikora. Mugihe cyoroshye mugihe uva mucyumba ujya mucyumba, ukurikiza igihe cyigihe, kurugero, mu kazu, wimukira muri koridoro unyuze mucyumba cyo kuraramo, ku ngazi zerekeza kuri atike. Bitameze neza niba kubwimpamvu zose wagumye munzira: urumuri ruzimya mugihe gikwiye (urugero, ku ngazi, aho wafashe terefone igendanwa). Ariko, byageragejwe nigihe, bihendutse kandi byizewe.
Hamwe no gutangiza ibikoresho bya microprocesor, inzira nziza yo gukemura ikibazo yagaragaye. Ibitotsi bya microprocesor byashobokaga kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanya voltage (ukurikije guhindura imbaraga zubu) bityo uhindure kunywa amashanyarazi. Ibikoresho byoroshye cyane bihindura burundu kumurika intoki cyangwa muyongereyeho.
Ishingiro ryiterambere rigoye cyane ni ihame rya sisitemu yumutekano. Niba sisitemu yumutekano, gusubiza kugenda k'umuntu mucyumba, bitanga ibimenyetso byo gutabaza cyangwa bikubiyemo Siren, hanyuma ugenzura itara, usubiza ikintu kigenda mubyerekezo runaka, mu buryo bwikora no gutandukana Umucyo wazimye. Ubu bwoko bwibikoresho byo kugenzura byitwa pasiso ya infrared (itemekwa) yo kugenda. Igikoresho gikora na pasika ya pasiporo yerekana ko abushyuhe (imirasire ya infrared) yumubiri wumuntu mugihe runaka, aho ikintu kigenda. Sensor yita ku burebure bw'ikintu. Kubwibyo, ntugahangayikishwe nuko umucyo uhinduka, niba injangwe cyangwa imbwa yawe ikore muri koridor.
Kurugero, isosiyete yikidage busch-jaeger ikubiyemo 180Up mu Burusiya muri verisiyo ebyiri: Ibipimo byose bikora byashyizwe ku ruganda n'umuntu ku giti cye, kuri diameter y'uruziga n'uburebure bwa aho uturere tumenya ko ari umukoresha ubwayo. Byongeye kandi, urashobora kwinjizamo sensor ya infrad hamwe ningugu yagutse (kugeza 2700), bituma "mbona" inyuma yindege. Muri iki gihe, inzira yawe itangira kumurika na mbere yuko wambuka urugi rw'icyumba - umaze gufungura umuryango w'imbere.
Inshingano nkiyi yo gukurikirana iha abaturage murugo urwego rushya rwo guhumurizwa, tutibagiwe numutekano wiyongereye. Abashinzwe umutekano mu rugo bagenzura igenzura rya Pou - 1 kuva muri Orion N'amahanga bagiye mu bundi buryo: bakoresheje urumogo rwa microwave bakora, bisa n'ibyakoreshwa muri sisitemu z'umutekano. Igikoresho kigufasha kuzimya no kumurika muri zone 10m, kurugero, mugihe wegereye ibaraza ryinzu.
Impinduka zo gucana zifite ibikoresho bya kure, bisa na tereviziyo. Assuum irashobora guhinduka kurwego rwo kumurika, fungura no kumurika haba mu nzu no mubyumba byegeranye hakurikijwe imikorere yikora yashyizwe muri microproprocer.
Ibikoresho byo kwiteza imbere mu gihugu nibyiza kuko byateguwe kugirango ushyire mumasanduku ya Soviet Staiet zisanzwe kandi ntukeneye gukoresha umuyobozi wa zeru. Yashyizwe muburyo bwo kugerageza mumazu yinzu ya Butovo, bakira ibitekerezo byiza gusa. Igikoresho cyo kugenzura neza no kure cyo gucana ppdo bpkb na plastiki "igenewe intoki kandi igahindura ibikoresho byo gucana kandi igagenzura ibikoresho byoroheje kandi igenzura neza amatara ya intendentcent agera kuri 5m. Guhindura kure-kugenzura ibikoresho byo kumurika amashanyarazi ya DVR-1Tubisanzwe bya ORION ntabwo ifite ubutwari bwo mu burengerazuba budafite ibitsina byose: Biteganijwe ko bitabanje kuri cm) hamwe na kure (yubahiriza) no kuzimya Ibikoresho byo gucana no kugenzura neza amatara ya intera kure kugeza kuri 5m. Inzira itabarika yo guhindura itanga isuku no guteza isuku y'urufunguzo, bivuze byinshi, niba munzu, kurugero, hari umuntu urwaye.
Inyungu ni sisitemu hamwe na busch-ferncontrol ir kure ya kure, itanga urutonde rwose rwibintu bidasanzwe. Ihindukire imbere, itanga umukoresha ubushobozi bwo gufata mu mutwe urumuri rwisoko nyinshi zoroheje. Sisitemu igizwe nubutaka bwinshi bwashyizwe ku mipaka yashizwemo kandi igenzura rimwe rya kure. Abakira bafite ibikoresho byo guhinduranya, guhindurwa volugs ya voltage, gupima itara, kimwe namatara fluostcent. Nubwo byoroshye, fungura itara ryameza aho ukunda, kandi uyicunge kure! Urashobora Gutegura uburyo bwo kumurika mubibanza byurugo rwawe kandi utandukanye ukanda buto imwe gusa!
Vuba aha, umubare munini wibikoresho byo kugenzura byatumijwe ku isoko ryikirusiya. Ibishushanyo byoroshye byumusaruro wubushinwa biremewe muri touct eshatu zinyuranye kugirango uhindure urwego rwo kumurika cyangwa kuzimya urumuri. Kudatungana ku gishushanyo cy'ibiti bigabanya ubuzima bw'imirimo yabo kugeza ku myaka ibiri, kandi barashobora kuzana igihe icyo aricyo cyose. Imikorere itandukanye no kurwanya akazi irangwa nibikoresho byo kugenzura byimigabane yubufaransa, cyane cyane amatara ya kure kugirango agabanye imbaraga zumucyo (Halogen, amatara ya fluorescent) kuva 1kw. Bemerera haba murwego rwo kugenzura kurega ruva kuri itegeko ryumucyo kandi rigenzura hirya no hino gukoresha pushitratton cyangwa guhinduranya elegitoroniki. Gahunda zombi zo kugenzura zitanga ubushobozi bwo kuzigama murwibutso rwindangagaciro zimwe na zimwe zigenzurwa.
Uburyo bwa microprocer yatumijwe mu mahanga ya microproppem rwose byizewe, nubwo bihenze, ariko no muri bo, kimwe no kugereranya mu gihugu, hari inenge. Tekereza ko laice yarekuwe muri koridoro kandi wagombaga guhambira. Umucyo uzahita wishyurwa kuko imyitwarire yawe idashyizwe mubikoresho bya microprocer. Kugira ngo arongera amwinginga, tugomba kuzunguza ukuboko kwawe ku burebure bw'amazi y'imishyikiranwa.
Ubundi bwoko bwibikoresho byo kugenzura ni byikora byikora byikora, bishingiye ku gishushanyo cyacyo gifotora. Igikoresho cyo mu gihugu cyintambwe-hasi no guhagarika ikirere cyerekana ikirere cya Petrice "yateguwe kugirango gihita gihinduke kandi ujye ku murongo w'amatara mu nyubako bitewe n'ubwicanyi busanzwe. Imyifatire nk'iyi ifite imirimo ikorwa hamwe n'imirongo itandukanye ihabwa Uburusiya na Koreya yepfo, Ikidage, Igifaransa, Igifaransa, Igisuwede nandi masosiyete. Legrand Twilight Hindura Kumurika kuri 5 kugeza 25 Uuc, kandi iyo ukoresheje gufotora hamwe na ecran idasanzwe, kugeza kuri 600.
Usanzwe saba ikibazo: Kuki tuvuga gusa kubikoresho byo gucana?
Byagenda bite se niba nyirabuja wibagiwe asize icyuma cyangwa amashyi yamashanyarazi akaguruka gushyuha munsi yimirasire ya Cyprusha Sunshik?
Nibyiza, iyo ugarutse, biteganijwe ko amashanyarazi adakwiriye hamwe na konti ikomeye ku mashanyarazi yakoreshejwe, mu bihe bibi ... neza, ntituzakina uko ibintu bimeze. Ikibazo rwose ni serieux, kandi ubwenge bwiza bwibigo biyobora bitanga ibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi birabikubise hejuru yacyo.
Siemens ni umwe mukurikirana intego yo gushyira akazi k'amashanyarazi yose mu nzu igenzurwa na mudasobwa. Amahirwe nkaya yagaragaye nkigisubizo cyimpinduramatwara mumurima wimbere yinyubako - gushiraho Tiro ya Instabuseib. Iyo ubushobozi bwinyoni bwihishe yegera imipaka, ikoreshwa rya Tiro ya Siemens ituma gutanga ingufu, gusa ihumure ryibipimo bya tekiniki, ahubwo binabifata munsi ya mudasobwa. Mugihe iterambere ryigenzura rya mudasobwa rya Grid yubutegetsi ari mubushakashatsi. Ariko ndetse no gutangiza vuba sisitemu ya siemens ntabwo isezeranya ko izatwara bihendutse. Ariko, umuntu ufite icyo akiza, azagenda neza niba yashyizeho sisitemu. Uzengurutse, nkuko mubizi, wishyura kabiri.
Mugihe abahanga mubutaka bukurikiranye, abanyabukorikori bo murugo batange neza, ariko inzira nyazo zo kurinda inzu yuburangare bwa ba nyirubwite. YVES Icyuma, no mu mashyiga y'amashanyarazi, no mu gihe cyose gishyuha, igikoresho gishobora gushyirwamo n'ibipimo bya voltage hamwe no gushyushya ibyuma bihagije bihujwe n'ibikoresho byabo bitoroshye (icyarimwe ntabwo aribyo ngombwa kugirango uhindure RCD kugirango wubake) kugirango uhindure ikibazo cy'akaga igikoresho cyihariye cyahagaritswe. Ikindi gitekerezo cyo mu rugo ni ukukuraho imyifatire y'amashanyarazi yerekeye itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura gahunda y'umutekano, aho umuryango we ndetse n'abagize umuryango we maze abagize umuryango we maze abagize umuryango we maze abagize umuryango we maze abagize umuryango we kandi bafunga urugi. Sensor yerekana icyuma kitagaragara cyangwa electrocamine ntizemera gufunga umuryango (yinjiye muri gahunda ya sisitemu yumutekano ari umurimo winyongera kugirango ugaruke kandi uzimye ibikoresho byamashanyarazi.
Rero, uburyo bworoshye bugaragaza kwibagirwa, ba nyirayo ntibabaho? Tuza, hariho uburyo bumeze: igihe gakondo kivuga kandi cyateguwe igihe. Igihe cya Servie, cyashyizwe mu buryo butaziguye muri sock, kiri hamwe n'umuvuduko wa funga, hamwe n'umuvuduko wa funga, gushoboza no guhagarika imitwaro iyo ari yo yose ifite inshuro imwe, urugero, gucana kimwe), Multifunclicsal. Ibihe byoroshye bikwemerera guhuza umutwaro mugihe cyagenwe. Bashizwemo haba kuri screbboards no kumasanduku. Gushinyagurira cyane igihe kinini kigufasha gushiraho kuva kuri 8 kugeza 58 mugice kugeza kucyumweru hamwe no kwerekana ibikubiye mu manota cyangwa kuri kirisiti yerekana. Gahunda za Timer irashobora gukururwa kugirango ihagarike ibikoresho byose byamashanyarazi bisigaye bitarinzuye.
Icyakora, igihe kirageze cyo gukonjesha umukungugu ukanasubira mu butaka, aho mu myitozo duhora duhura n'intoki z'intoki zatewe n'ibikomere, aho uzwi cyane ku mva y'intoki, imfashanyo y'intoki zahinduwe mu mazu akikije. Igisubizo muri uru rubanza ni gisanzwe: "Ahari Nestgorim." Ubuzima kuri "Ahari", amazi atabitekereje, gaze n'umucyo mugihe kidashoboka ko ibara ryihariye ridashoboka, ariko sibyo kuko tubabara muribi? Nuburyo dukungahaye ku buryo tutagura kandi ntahendutse, ariko bikenewe cyane kandi byingirakamaro kugenzura no kuvura neza? Birasa nkaho igisubizo cyerekana: Niba igishushanyo mbonera, wakiriye amafaranga menshi mumanota menshi yisi, yakijijwe, niki kizadusangira?
Ibuka igice kiva mu gitabo kidapfa cya I. ILF na E.Petrov "12.STUBIV". Kubiba byakozwe nabapangarugero byumusarani. Uburenganzira buryo bworoshye bwumusambanyi , abantu bari bateye imbere, byangiritse kuri foromaje. (Soma: Amazi, Umucyo), nkuko tubizi, tukabitekerezaho kandi tuzashyiraho indi ntera hejuru yiterambere: Tuzashyiraho Nibura kimwe mu bikoresho byo kugenzura byasobanuwe haruguru no gucana amatara kugira ngo bivuge neza: "Ntabwo turi Lohankins! Lohankins ntabwo ari!"
Abanditsi barashimira TFSELECHARTHTECin kugirango bafashe gutegura kurasa, kimwe numuyobozi wa C.A. PONEPER NA ENIERINEER A.V.Kuzilina kumakuru yatanzwe.