Guhitamo ibikoresho byo mucyumba cyo guteka: Ibice by'ingenzi; Ubwoko bwa boilers, boialrs, gutwika; Uburyo bushya bwo kwanduza.
Ukurikije imikoranire ya boiler na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza, ubushyuhe no guhumurizwa munzu biterwa nabo. Kubwibyo, birakenewe kubara neza ko igice cya kijyambere cya kijyambere cyuzuye hamwe nibintu byo kwikora.
Vuga kubyerekeye guhitamo ibikoresho byo mucyumba cyo gutwara ibika
Ibice byibanze byo mucyumba cya boiler
Nubwo ibibyimba by'ibigo bizwi byo mu Burengerazuba bashoboye gukora bitagereranywa mu myaka 25-30, abacuruza mu Burusiya, abacuruza mu Burusiya, abacuruza barenze 1-2. Ibi byerekana ko dufite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo guhitamo ibiyobyabwenge biboneye boiler no gukoresha ubundi buryo.Inkonga y'ibikoresho byo gushyushya amazi (ni ukuvuga "imirire ya sisitemu yo gutanga amazi ashyushye, DHW") yitwa Boiler. Ibigo aho biherereye (mucyumba kibijwe) urashobora kwerekana ibintu bine by'ingenzi: boiler, gutwika, gufatanya no kwanduza. Muri uru rubanza, munsi yakandagurika, bigomba kumvikana nkibintu bihuriweho guhuza, kugenzura, kugenzura, kugenzura no gushimangira hamwe nibikoresho byongeye guhuza ibikoresho byose muri sisitemu imwe.
Gushoramari bigomba kurema ibintu bisanzwe kugirango imikorere ya boiler, kandi niba yashizwemo ibitagendwa, noneho ikibazo cyo gushyuha ntizirindwa. Kuvomera ibibazo byagurishijwe hamwe na boiler, mubandi, bakeneye kugurwa bitandukanye no gushirwa kumwanya. Nkuko bigomba kugaragarira mumushinga. Tekereza, ibigo bitandukanye byuzuye ibibyimba bitandukanye rwose. Ntugure "ku giciro gito cya boiler. Mugihe ugura, menya neza kwerekana neza ibikubiye muri paki y'ibikoresho.
Boilers
Guhitamo ubwoko bwimitsi runaka bigenwa nubunini bwamavuta ya lisansi ahantu hatanzwe nubushobozi bwawe bwimari.
Amashanyarazi. Iyo bashizwemo, ikibazo nyamukuru nukugeraho uruhushya rwo gutanga imbaraga zo gutanga amashanyarazi wifuza (ikibazo kitoroshye kirenze 15 cya kw) hanyuma bigata umugozi w'amashanyarazi kuri ibi. Gukoresha amashanyarazi akwiye gushyushya akazu ni ugukoresha "scandinaviya paken", tenni) ikoreshwa nkubushyuhe bwabafasha nijoro, kurugero, hamwe nubufasha bwa ESAV (Swede), Zayo "M" stanav-m "n'abandi. Kandi wishyure ku gipimo cy'ijoro (kigomba kuba inyandiko).
Igiciro cya Boiler ni 40-70% yikiguzi cyicyumba cyose cyo guteka, nacyo, gifite imyaka 30-50 cyikiguzi cya sisitemu yuzuye kandi iringaniye $ 15 agace (Kinmera, wongeyeho.)
Kuri Reba (ukurikije inzobere mu rwego rwa sosiyete "Inzu Nshya y'Uburusiya": Imyaka 20 Yu Burusiya "Igiciro cyose gifitanye isano no gushyushya inzu hamwe n'akarere ka 150m2 Iyo ukoresheje boiler: amashanyarazi- $ ibihumbi 23, mazutu ibihumbi 14.6. na gaze- ibihumbi 8,6.
Bouire. Mbere ya byose, ugomba "gukusanya" inyandiko nyinshi: Uruhushya rwo gutanga inzu yumuyoboro wa gaze, uruhushya (sedarathnadzor) ku bubiko bwatanzwe cyangwa nibindi byitegererezo bya Birners bivuye a Urutonde runaka, igikorwa cyo kwigunga ububasha hagati yumuguzi, icyizere cyo gucunga gaze na serivisi ya serivisi hamwe nimpapuro zitandukanye. Umuyoboro wa gazi wa gasket uzagutwara amadorari 50 kuri metero imwe. Inkomoko nyamukuru yibibazo mugihe ushyiraho imiyoboro ya gaze yumuvuduko wa gaze (cyane cyane mu gihe cy'itumba) kugeza kuri 6-8 Mbar (amazi 60-80. Ubuhanzi.). Mugihe kimwe, abatwara ibicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga bireka gukora bisanzwe, kuko Yagenewe ibipimo byuburakari bwu Burayi (kuva kuri 15 kugeza 20mbar). Ugomba gushakisha imitsi ifite biruka cyane.
Amazi ya lisansi (Akenshi bitwa Diesel). Kuraho nta mpapuro zitukura, ariko hariho izindi ngorane. Rero, kubera ibintu byiyongereye byiyongera muri lisansi yo mu ngo, ibicuruzwa byo gutwika birakaze cyane kandi byongera urujinzo y'ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, ibibazo byinyongera bivuka kubera gukenera kuyungurura. Kumva ubu bwoko bwa teuler ya lisansi mugihe gisaba byinshi (toni 7-10). Kububiko bwayo no kurinda ubukonje, ibigega bidasanzwe birakenewe (bifite agaciro byibuze $ 2000) nicyumba gitandukanye. Birakenewe kandi kwemeza ko bishoboka kubinjira no kwita ku isuku yigihe.
Noneho ku isoko ryibikoresho bya boiler urashobora guhitamo ibyiciro bitatu byibiciro. Ibiciro byinshi bifite ibiciro bifite ibigo byiyoko hamwe nicyubahiro cyisi nkuko deptrich (Ubufaransa), Wiessmann, Buserus, Vaden (Suwede (Suwede). Mubiciro bigereranijwe hamwe no gushyigikira imiti yibanze yimikorere mibi kandi yabaguzi, Ubudage), Teledyne Laars (USA (Espanye), esc. bihendutse ubwato butangwa na ACV (Ububiligi), Protherm (Slowakiya), Ubugingo (Ubugereki). "
Kumenya ibintu bimwe na bimwe bizafasha guhitamo neza. Kubwibyo, twitondera ibimenyetso rusange byibishushanyo bya boilers, nuburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi bigomba guhura numuguzi. Iyi ni "ishati" (Ishati "(guhanahana ubushyuhe), umubare wibintu, ingano y" amashati ", ibipimo nuburemere bwa boiler. Guhana ubushyuhe bikozwe mu cyuma, ibyuma birwanya ruswa n'umuringa. Ibikoresho bigira ingaruka cyane igishushanyo cyabikeshwa, imiterere yacyo, ingano no gusana ikoranabuhanga.
Guhitamo imitsi, reba umuvuduko gako gazi ukenewe mu gutwi kwo mu kirere ntabwo arenga 13 mebar (bike, ibyiza).
Guhitamo ubwoko bwa boiler bugenwa nubunini bwa lisansi muriki gice nubushobozi bwawe bwimari. Birry nziza yo mu kirere igomba kuba ihamye kumuvuduko wa gaze ya 6-7 Mbar.
Gutanga Icyuma Kora igice, byoroshye kubyara no gusana. Ibyiza byabo nyamukuru ni kurwanya cyane kwangwa. Guterera icyuma mubisanzwe birahenze kuruta ibyuma. Batsindiye cyane kumavuta yamazi nubushyuhe buke muri sisitemu hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwamazi, I.e. Ari he amahirwe yo gushiraho. Ariko kubera ubukorikori budahagije bwo kwicyuma, guhanahana ubushyuhe bumva imitini nubururu. Kubwibyo, kugirango ugaragaze ko boilers yicyuma hamwe namazi akonje akurikira nyuma yo gukonjesha cyangwa gutinda cyane (kugeza kuri 6h). Intebe nk'izo zirasaba cyane umurongo muri gutwika. Icyuma cyiza, cya plastike gikoresha de dietrich, Buderus, Protherm.
Guhana Ubushyuhe Irashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza amakaramu, silinderi na pisine. Ntabwo bashimishijwe cyane n'amasezerano, nk'icyuma, ariko kubaruta mu kurwanya ruswa. Kubwibyo, kubijyanye nabo, imigambi itandukanye yo kubitsa no kuzenguruka amazi ikoreshwa kugirango bifatanye bitagaragara.
Umuringa Muburyo bwa coil na papes mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubyitezo byimbaraga nke, imikorere yurukuta. Basaba kwitabwaho bidasanzwe, kuko Iyo amazi atemba muri sisitemu ahita agenda. Kuri borozi hasi "ishati" muburyo bwumurongo umwe wumurongo wumuyoboro wumuringa usaba teledyne. Biroroshye gukuraho, gusukura cyangwa gusimbuza.
Boilers ni ingaragu kandi ebyiri-ebyiri. Imbere, guhanahana ubushyuhe kuri sisitemu yo gushyushya. Mu rubanza rwa kabiri, guhanahana ubushyuhe bwa kabiri kuri sisitemu ya DHW byatangijwe mubikorwa bya boiler. Irashobora kuba ubwoko bwuzuye cyangwa ubushobozi bwumutungo). Ubusanzwe uwanyuma yitwa boiler kandi ushyire mubikorwa kuruta gutemba. Nk'itegeko, ingano yubatswe-muri boiler ikora nto (kugeza 130l), kugirango itayongereyeho ibipimo nuburemere bwa boiler. Ibi birahagije kumuryango wabantu 2-3. Intebe imwe yometseho ihendutse kuruta mukarere ka kabiri, ariko ifite amazi ashyushye munzu, uwambere agomba kubona imitsi. Ariko ibya nyuma birashobora gutoranywa no gushyirwa wenyine.
Boilers
Intebe nziza yubunini bunini (zirenga 200l) irahagije ko umuryango wa 4-6 ushobora kwishimira amazi ashyushye muburyo busanzwe. Nibyiza gushyushya amazi muriyo ijoro ryose kugeza 60, hanyuma ususubuje gato. Ubukungu rero, umutekano nubugari bwakozwe rimwe bitandatu ugereranije no guhora twubakira kugeza kuri80c. Ariko, mumazi ashyushye, yuzuye yicyatsi arashobora kugwira bagiteri zangiza. Nibyiza gukurikiza itegeko rikurikira: Gushyiramo amazi kugirango bitarenze 0.1 birenga ku munota 1, hanyuma hafubamo amazi akonje-ifunzwe muri boiler azabona umwanya wo gushyuha. Byongeye kandi, buri gihe amazi agomba gushyuha kugeza 75-80 kandi afite iminota 10-20 yo kwanduza. Niba imbaraga zo guteka ziruta uko zisabwa kugirango zishyure amazi muburyo bwuzuye, yiswe arashobora kubaho mubikorwa byayo. "Amayeri", I.E. Imbaraga zihuse kandi zisanzwe zigihe gito kuri therner. Mubisanzwe, bigabanya ubuzima bwa boiler. Kubwibyo, igituba gikomeye gikeneye cyane Automatike ishobora gukemura iki kibazo. Harimo guhanahana amakuru amazi akonje yashyutswe mugihe uri munsi yigitutu munsi yubushyuhe budowe n'amazi avuye mu gikari. Inyandiko nyamukuru yongeyeho sisitemu ihora yiteguye gutanga amazi ahaganze, ariko icyarimwe bisaba imbaraga nyinshi kuruta kubitsa ubushobozi.
Ku bijyanye n'ubunini bwo kuvunja bushyuha, inzobere zifite ibitekerezo bitandukanye. Birakwiye ko dusuzuma abaguzi ibihe bibiri gusa: sisitemu ifite boiler-nkeya irashobora kwiyoroshya no kuzuzwa vuba; Ikiranuka vuba kumakipe yo mukora bityo itanga ubushyuhe bwiza munzu.
Gutwika
Gutwika gaze bifite ubwoko bubiri: Ikirere (inshinge) na fan (kuvuza). Gutwika lisansi bikozwe gusa byakozwe numufana gusa (cyangwa "gufata"). Batandukanijwe nuburyo bwo gushiraho lisansi yaka umuriro. Ubwoko bwombike, muri nini, "gukanda" kuva kuri lisansi hafi ya byose bishoboka. Ibikurikira, bimaze kubishushanyo bya bamwe mubategarugori, birashoboka gukora inyongera yibikomokaho bya lisansi (ibyo bita chimic yihuta) bityo ubwire na K.p.d. (gukora neza) no kugabanya irekurwa rya okiside yangiza mu kirere. Niba KPD. Boiler wahisemo ni 92-95%, ntushake ibyiza, kandi usuzume ibindi bipimo. Ntugerageze kugura imitsi hamwe na kpd. 100%, ukurikije kwamamaza. Igishushanyo cya 100 ni amayeri yubuhanga bwo kubara. Ibibanza rwose birashobora kuboneka wongeyeho ubushyuhe, imiyoboro y'amazi ituruka kuri gaze. Ikibazo ni uko kuri 2-5 l / h ya caustic Compansute igomba gutangwa byoroshye. Inzira yoroshye yo kwimukira mu mugama isenyutse mu bigo bivurwa mu rugo. Icyemezo gishingiye ku gitsina ni ugutunganyirizwa mu reccuse idasanzwe, bidafite inyungu ku biciro bya gaze. Uruhande rukomeye, ntugahindukire mu borozi z'abatera abasore b'Abanyamerika n'abaturage b'abanyakanada, babona ibisobanuro bya K.p.d., bingana na 80-82%. Gusa ubarwa muburyo butandukanye no kwemerwa muburayi, kandi agaciro kayo ni 11% munsi yubwashyikiriza boand boailrs.
Kugabanya ibicuruzwa bya lisansi, gutwika bishobora kuba bibiri- kandi bitatu-byihuta cyangwa bihindura imbaraga (modulating), kurugero, mu Budage), etc. Intambwe zose zirimo na Itsinda ryikora gusa iyo ubushyuhe busaba byinshi, kurugero, niba kumuhanda hakonje cyangwa muri "yo kwiyuhagira". Mubisanzwe intambwe imwe ikora, kandi ku mbaraga zagabanijwe. Ibi bikabije cyane ubuzima bwa boiler.
Abatwika mu kirere bihendutse kuruta umufana, bakora bucece kandi bohereza hamwe na boiler. Ibibi byabo by'ingenzi - gutwikwa bidahungabanye igitutu cya gaze kuri Network, niyo mpamvu ikirimi cyegereje cyangwa "cyicaye" kuri Birner, bitera umuriro.
In Abafana Umufana wubatswe utera umwuka wo mu kirere akuramo gaze (isohoke) kuva nozzle. Kubwibyo, abatwiha ntibatinya umuvuduko wa gaze ugabanuka kuri 5-6 mbar. Gutwika neza ubu bwoko bugera kuri boile imwe yumuzunguruko yikigereranyo. Ibibi byayo nyamukuru byo gukorana nabafana (kugeza kuri 40-60 db, nka vacuum ya vacuum). Kubwibyo, imitsi ifite gutwika igomba gushyirwa mucyumba gitandukanye.
Birners y'amazi Kugira pompe yubatswe kugirango ivomesha lisansi kuva kuri tank. Biragaragara ko bihendutse kurenza gaze kubera ubworoherane bwa gahunda yo gucunga lisansi.
Abashinzwe gutwara abafana barashobora gushyirwa kuri boilers zitandukanye, urutonde rwarwo rugenwa na GosgortkAdzor. Batiter yimyitozo yizewe ikubiyemo ibicuruzwa byimitimasi, Riello, Hansa (Ubudage), Bentone (Suwede), Elco (Ubusuwisi).
Automation
Automation ni yo nyirabayazana w'umutekano wa boiler kandi afata imiyoborere ya buri munsi ya sisitemu. Igomba kandi gutanga imikorere yo kugenzura: kuba umuvuduko ukabije kandi ntarengwa, habaho lisansi ya mazutu, habaho lisansi ya mazutu, habaho guterana kwa mazutu, habaho guterana kwa mazutu, habaho guterana kwa chimney, habaho kwikuramo chimney, habaho ubushyuhe bwa coolant no kuzenguruka. Guhitamo imitsi, baza niyihe mirimo ikorwa nibikoresho byatanzwe.
Kugenga Ibipimo byamazi (cyangwa ibindi bikonje bikoreshwa mugushyushya) birashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye.
Mu rubanza rworoshye, agaciro k'ubushyuhe bw'icyumba n'icyumba tryo thermostat (igura hafi $ 40). Iyo ubushyuhe bugera kurwego rwagenwe, gutwikwa nongeye gufungura niba icyumba cyakonje. Uburyo ntabwo aribwo buryo bwo kurinda kandi buto, kuko Ubwatsi buri gihe atanga amazi ashoboka, mugihe uri mubyumba nta thermostat irashobora kuba nziza. Gushiraho therstatosi kuri radionator hamwe na sensor yubushyuhe kumuyoboro wibiryo cyangwa thermostat yubatswe muri boiler igufasha kugabanya ibizanwa no kuzamura induru yikirere munzu. Nibyiza, niba ushizeho umuyoboro uharanira inyungu (kuva $ 500 kugeza $ 1500), hanyuma uhindukire ukurikije ikirere nibindi byinshi bizatangwamo, gusa bizongera guhabwa urwego rwimbere rwimbaraga: voltage gusimbuka, inshuro no kumena imirire. Hatabayeho ubufasha bwa voltage, umuyoboro wumuyoboro hamwe nububasha bwihutirwa bwo gukora ibikorwa byizewe byicyumba cyicyaro, nkitegeko, ntigishobora kugerwaho.
Icupa
Kugirango ukoreshe byimazeyo ibiranga byose byatoranijwe, bigomba gushyirwaho neza mu mwanya no guhuza hamwe no gukwirakwiza hamwe no gukwirakwiza na sisitemu rusange, i.e. Birakenewe gukora icyumba cyo gusebanya. Muri ibyo birori, havutse uburyo bushya muri kariya gace. Kwiyongera, abashinzwe iterambere batangiye kwinjiza mucyumba cyo guteka aho kuba boiler imwe - ebyiri, ariko igice kimwe. Muri uru rubanza, umwe mu bori arashobora no guhuzwa cyangwa kubarwa ku rutonde rusanzwe rwa coolant. Itose ifite imirima yayo. Ubwa mbere, amahirwe yo kunanirwa kunanirwa kw'ibitsi byombi bihita byemeza ko inzu idafite ubushyuhe itazagumaho. Icya kabiri, imikorere no guhumurizwa na sisitemu yiyongera. N'ubundi kandi, imbaraga zikenewe zo gushyushya zifatwa nkubushyuhe bwiminsi ikonje cyane, kandi hari hafi 15% muri shampiyote. Iyo boiard ari ebyiri, iya kabiri yafunguye niba icyifuzo cyubushyi rwiyongera. Byongeye. Umwe wese muri bo akorana ninzitizi ndende, I.E. Hamwe numubare muto wo guhindukira kuri Birner, yongera iramba ryayo. Nibyiza, ukuyemo amafaranga yinyongera kuri boiler ya kabiri. Nibyo, guhitamo neza boailers nibindi bikoresho byo mucyumba kibisi, uku kubura birashobora kurekura. Kurugero, gushiraho amazu menshi yo munzu, Teledyne Laars yateje imbere igitekerezo gishya cyicyumba kibisi hamwe nubwato buke buke bufite ubushobozi bwa DC24 D54KW kugirango bishyirwe mubikorwa. Muri icyo gihe, icyumba cy'ibigo bibiri kuri 240 = 80kw hamwe na boiler ya litiro 200 bigura amadorari 8.500 kandi bigashyirwa mu minsi 3-4. Emera ko umubyimba umwe gusa ushobora kugurwa kumafaranga nkaya mubigo bimwe.
Ishingiro ryuburyo bushya ni ibi bikurikira. Boiler cyangwa boilers bagaburira pompe coolalant mumigani ngufi-impeta yibanze. Dukora tap yo kugaburira amashami hamwe nabaguzi bashya: amashami yo hasi hamwe na radiator, amagorofa ashyushye, nibindi ni impeta ya kabiri. Pompe ya Boiler yashyizwe ku bushyuhe buke cyane ku mpeta yibanze. Buri mpeta yicyayisumbuye ifite pompe yayo kandi "ishushanya" kuva ku mpeta yibanze ishyushye cyane nkuko akeneye. Kugirango uhuze imikorere yikiguzi cyibanze kandi yisumbuye, guhitamo guhitamo amazi no kugaruka kwayo bigomba kuba hafi, ntabwo byaturutse kuri 300m. Niba iki gice gisanzwe cyimpeta ebyiri ni gito, noneho ikora nk'ikigega cyo kwagura peculiar ku mpeta ya kabiri, bikabifata ubushyuhe, utabangamiye umurimo w'impeta ya mbere. Iyi gahunda nkiyi igufasha gucunga byibuze imiyoboro hamwe na valves. Tuzavuga kuri raporo yifoto yaka.
Kwinjiza icyumba cyo gusebanya gitangira nyuma yo kwinjira muri gaze hanyuma ushyireho metero y'amashanyarazi, gushiraho amashanyarazi, gushiraho imyanda ya sewage hamwe no gutembera amazi akonje. Boiler igomba gushyirwaho hasi hamwe no gutondekanya kudatemba kugirango ugere ku bugenzuzi no kubungabunga burundu, kandi imbere no ku rubanza ruhagije. Imyuka ya Ventilation igomba gukorwa n'umwanya muto. Iyo ugaburira umwuka uva kumuhanda, urubuga rugomba kuba ingano ku kigero cya 600mm2 kuri 1Kw yimbaraga zibitsi. Inyuma ya chimney ya boiler ifitanye isano na chimney yakuweho yakuwe mu rukuta rw'icyumba, kijya mu muyoboro uhambiriye w'inyubako - Chimney.
Chimney numuhuza wingenzi wa sisitemu, utanga gukurukira, nibikwiye nkibi bikwiranye na boiler. Ibice birebire birebire cyangwa binini bya chimneys bishobora kuganisha ku kimenyetso cy'ikirere, bityo, kwangirika kw'imbere no gushinga chimney, kugeza ku byatsi bishinzwe imyaka 5-7 . Kubwibyo, Chimneys igomba kuba igorofa, kurugero, yahinduwe neza imbere, ifite ubunini bwiza no gusukura. Lord Hariho imiyoboro myiza yicyuma idafite imiyoboro (ingaragu kandi ebyiri).
Ikintu giteganijwe cyo kwanduza ni ikigega cyo kwagura kigamije kwishyura ibinyobwa no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe mu bwinshi bwo gukonjesha. Ijwi ryayo ryatoranijwe mukubara, ariko ni hafi 10% yubunini bwamazi muri sisitemu. Hamwe nubunini buke bwa tank, birashoboka gusubiramo amazi ashyushye ukoresheje valve yumutekano, hanyuma sisitemu igomba kuzuzwa (fow) hamwe namazi ya robine. Nubwo igikoresho cyo kugaburira gihora kirimo kugaya, "podium" kenshi byamazi byamazi biganisha ku gushinga igipimo cyimikorere imbere muri sisitemu no kugasiganwa byangiza imirongo ya alumini. Kwishyiriraho imiyoboro itangira nyuma yo gutunganya ibigega bya boiler na kwaguka. PLOngs irashizwemo, umwuka numwanda. Umutekano na Drain Cranes byashyizwe kuri boiler na boiler. Imiyoboro ishizweho kubafite ihagarikwa kugirango uburemere bwimiyoboro, byumwihariko umuyoboro wa gaze, ntabwo washyikirijwe boiler. Noneho igitutu gitanga imigabane, TranOmeriters, Thermasts nubushyuhe bwashizweho.
Kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi birakorwa, ubutaka burahujwe. Noneho hariho ibizamini bitandukanye no gutegura byimazeyo gutangiza ikigeragezo icyumba cyarangiye, ariko ikiganiro kigomba gutandukana kuri ibi byose.
Abanditsi bashimira umuyobozi wa Moscou Command "SK-HydroMonazh" S.V. GOVORITKY yo gufasha umuryango wo gufotora no gutegura ibikoresho.