Na none na none kubijyanye nagaciro ko guhagarika ibikoresho byo gukingira mumashanyarazi amazu agezweho. Incamake yatoranijwe ya Uzo yerekanwe ku isoko ryu Burusiya.
Iterambere ryihuse mu rwego rw'amashanyarazi y'imiturire n'amazu agezweho y'abayituye, bivuguruzanya hagati y'ibyakozwe n'ibitekerezo by'ubwubatsi n'abandi babwiwe!
Kuva Petero amajoro menshi yo gutera imbere kwa tekiniki, yaba itanura ry'Ubuholandi cyangwa imyanda yo mu mijyi, binjijwe mu buzima bw'Abarusiya bafite amategeko menshi na gahato. Mu binyejana byashize, inertia yo kutugira imitekerereze, uko bigaragara, ntishobora kuneshwa. Iyi paradox yaragaragaye kandi ikoreshwa nikibazo cyo kumenyekanisha RCD. Nubwo hari ibimenyetso byose byerekana inyungu nyinshi z'iki gikoresho cyo kwirinda amagorofa, kugabanuka gukabije mu gihe cyaka bw'inkoni, ishyirwaho ku bushake n'abaturage, ariko ku cyerekezo hejuru. Ukurikije guverinoma ya Moscou, kuva mu 1995, haba mu bubakwa, cyangwa ngo amazu yubatswe ashobore gukorerwa nta nkomyi ya Uzo na circuit itanga uburinzi bwo kurwanya no kuzenguruka bigufi. NCMOS akenshi yitwa ibikoresho byo kwirwanaho Bitandukanye, imyirondoro itandukanye, module zitandukanye, nibindi nkibyo.
Rero, ikoreshwa rya Uzo mu ruganda rufite urujijo rugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kwabantu kandi mubyukuri rukuraho ibishoboka byose byibikoresho byamashanyarazi no kwirambire murwego rwo hejuru.
Hagati aho, gusobanura abantu bakeneye ibikoresho byamazu nibigo bafite ibikoresho byokingira ibisekuru bishya - umwuga nuguhitamo gusoma ibiganiro byitabi. Abantu bose barabyemera, ariko ntibajugunya itabi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mu gihe umuntu atakubise iki gihe kugeza icyuma, umusatsi, utunganira ibiryo n'insinga zabo, nta muntu witwa RCD. Mu byukuri, umunyabwenge wo mu magambo, asobanura ikintu cy'ubugingo budasanzwe bw'Uburusiya: "Inkuba ntizigera ihura, umuntu ntazambuka."
Ariko, ubwinshi bwo guhamagarira abanditsi hamwe nibisubizo byanditse kuri iyo ngingo kuri Uzo "ntibikwira," bazica! " ("Ibitekerezo byo mu rugo rwawe", 1998, N1) byerekana ko ijambo ry'umunyamakuru rigihinduka ku ntego. Niba ushaka ibisobanuro birambuye, sobanura muri make ibikorwa bya Uzo, ibyo byagaragaye mugihe utegura iyi ngingo, ntibisobanutse kuri buri mashanyarazi.
Imikorere ya Uzo irashobora gusobanurwa nkumuvuduko mwinshi wo gukingira witabira ibinyuranye mubyo binyuranye mubatwara amashanyarazi mu kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi arinzwe.
Imiterere ya Uzo ikozwe mubice byibanze byibanze (reba "Imiterere ya RCD"):
- Muri uzo, impinduka zinyuranye zikoreshwa nka sensor iriho ( imwe).
- Ikintu ( 2. ) Bikorewe kuri magnetoelectric.
- Uburyo bwo gukora ( 3. ) Igizwe na disiki yimpeshyi hamwe nitsinda ryinshi.
- Ikizamini cyo Kwipimisha, Kurema Ibikubiyemo Bitandukanye, bigenewe kugenzura igihe cyigihe serivisi ukanda buto "Ikizamini" ( Bane).
Iyo ugenda ku isi cyangwa gukoraho ku bice biba ikigezweho, uburinganire bubiri mu buryo butaziguye kandi bunyuranye, bityo akavunika, ubudacogora, butera The ikintu ( 2. ) bigira ingaruka kuri Actuator ( 3. ). Actuator akora ku ihame ry'akadozi, umukoresha ahindura icyiciro cy'impeshyi y'itsinda ry'itsinda kandi urunigi rwarinzwe rufite imbaraga.
Muri elegitoroniki ya elegitoroniki, imikorere yikintu cyambere hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora igice bukora umuhanda wa elegitoroniki.
Dukurikije ibigereranyo by'inzobere mu ingufu, ibikenewe muri iki gihe muri Uzo ni miliyoni 100. Ntabwo ari amahirwe ko ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bimaze kuba ibicuruzwa byinshi byamazi mumaduka y'amashanyarazi. Punta, ibi nibicuruzwa byumusaruro wamahanga. Ariko, ntibikwiye kuba kubintu byose byo kurengera mu gihugu ntabwo byizewe cyangwa bidafite ubushobozi ugereranije na bagenzi be bo mu Burengerazuba. Ubushobozi bwo kwamamaza abakora bwiyoroshya cyane kuruta ay'ibihangange by'amashanyarazi nka "Siemens". "Ntabwo buri gihe ushyigikira ibicuruzwa byo mu ngo n'ibishushanyo. Biragaragara ko bidahagije kuri regelary nubuyobozi ibikoresho byo gukoresha Uzo.
Ikibazo gikomeye ni ukubura ibimenyetso bifatika kubashobora kugura Uzo (ATO, nkubutegetsi, umuntu, ubumenyi bwuzuye amashanyarazi). Igikoresho kitari cyo gishimishije cyane. Gutanga isuzuma ryujuje ibyangombwa byubahiriza igikoresho cyihariye hamwe nibisabwa bisanzwe kuri Nepod R 50807-95 - gusa laboratoire zihariye zirashobora. Igihe imikorere ya Uzo yamaze gushyirwaho mu Burusiya ni gito cyane ku buryo bwo gufata imyanzuro kubyerekeye ibimenyetso byizewe. Ibipimo nyamukuru ibikoresho byo gupakira ubu - muri, nominal ikanahagarika bitandukanye) - IdN, izina ridahagarikwa ritandukanye-Idno, UN, Ibipimo bikora, Un nibindi bipimo Mubice Byinshi muri RCI hafi. Kubwibyo, mugihe kugura bigomba kuyoborwa, mbere ya byose, amakuru yerekeye izina kumasoko yumukora. Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa byingabo ni mubisanzwe biruta ibyakozwe nuruganda rutanga ibicuruzwa. Mu mahanga, ubu ni ibintu binini by'amashanyarazi bijyanye n'ubuziranenge no kwizerwa bidashobora guhatanira abatanga Indochina.
Ikindi gipimo cyingenzi mugihe uhisemo igikoresho cyemezo. Kandi ntabwo "ibyoherezwa mu mahanga", byatanzwe mubisanzwe ku cyiciro gito cyibikoresho byatumijwe mu mahanga, n'icyemezo cy'uburyo bwashyizweho hamwe no kwerekana uburyo butaziguye ku kubahiriza ibicuruzwa bya Gost. Ibi ni ngombwa, kubera ko vuba aha habaye urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa biteye ubwoba: Abagaragaje mu bubiko bwakozwe n'amasosiyete yaretse kubaho kuva muri GDR, muri Polonye, Ubushinwa, Koreya, Ubuhinde, nibindi
Kubicuruzwa byo mumahanga, ikiguzi cyibikoresho givugwa mubuziranenge.
Mugihe uhisemo Uzo, birakenewe gusuzuma ihame ryo gukora igikoresho. Hariho ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi bya Udo:
- biterwa na voltage yo gutanga - "electronic",
- yigenga kuri voltage yo gutanga - "electromencal".
Ibyiza byumuzunguruko wa electromecalical wubwigenge bwabo bwuzuye kuva kuri OsCillations ndetse no kuba hari voltage murusobe. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane, kubera ko imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikunze kubaho kumena insinga ya zeru, kuberako akaga ko guhagarika amashanyarazi byiyongera: Kuberako umuntu yerekana ko nta ndogozi ihari mumurongo, kandi ituje ituje mubice byubu. Gukoresha RCOS ya elegitoronike nibyiza mugihe urushundura rwumutekano rukenewe mubikorwa byumutekano, kurugero, mubyumba byatoroshye, bitose. Ntabwo ushobora kugura umusatsi, muri parike ntabwo yubatswe muri Uzo, hashyizweho amategeko. Mu butabera, tubona ko ibaruwa ya SlavgonergonaDaDonaDor muri Federasiyo y'Uburusiya irasabwa gukoreshwa na elegitoroniki, na electromenIct RCds yujuje ibisabwa n'amategeko no kugira icyemezo cyo guhuza.
Iyo uhisemo Uzo, ibintu bikurikira bifite akamaro kanini:
- Urubuga rwo kwishyiriraho Udo;
- Ibipimo bya RCD: Urutonde rwimisozi iriho, andimial itandukanye ikanahagarika ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe;
- Gahunda ya Scheme kuri sisitemu zitandukanye zo kugaburira imiyoboro;
- Guhitamo ubwoko bwa Udo.
Bitewe no gutangiza sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi hamwe niyisi ya moru zirinda no gukoresha RCD, muri sisitemu ya kera (insinga ebyiri, mugihe utandukanya ibi bikoresho, utandukanya insinga zeru na zeru muri zone Uzo, ni ukuvuga Insinga ya zeru igomba kudahuza ibintu byo kwishyiriraho.
Mbere yo kwinjiza amashanyarazi na Uzo, birasabwa gupima imiyoboro itembaga inyuma yubutaka mugihe icyarimwe cyangwa ikurikiranye cyangwa yakiriye amashanyarazi yose. Nibyo, kubwibi bibaye ngombwa kuvugana numuryango wihariye. Kwangiza ibijyanye nibikoresho, no mu nsinga zeru (icyarimwe, igihe yakoresheje ibiyobyabwenge bibiri na bitatu byicyiciro cy'amashanyarazi mu kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi, ntibishoboka shaka kumeneka kuva zeru ukoresheje guhagarika umurongo. Kubwibyo, muri gahunda yimiyoboro hamwe nuyobora umuyobozi wa zeru, ni byiza gukoresha abahungu babiri- na enye-pole-pole brouke, bazunguza icyiciro ndetse ninsinga zeru.
Kubasomyi b'ikinyamakuru cyacu, dukora incamake ya UDOS yatanzwe mu isoko ry'Uburusiya ryujuje ibisabwa n'ibipimo bya Leta na GlavgosenonaDzor.
Igihingwa cya Stavropol "Ikimenyetso" gitanga elegitoronike "Uzo-20". Ukurikije MNIIIIIIITEP mu ntangiriro za 1997. Yashizwemo ibikoresho bigera ku 45000 byiyi moderi. Igomba kwitondera ko bakiriye ibibazo byinshi byinzobere nabakoresha biterwa no gutsindwa benshi. Igiciro cya Uzo-20 ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa biri hasi ku nyubako z'amashanyarazi z'ubu bwoko.
Tekhopark-Centre Ojsc ikora astro * udo electromencal igikoresho mu ruhushya rwa Otirishiya. Iremewe gukoreshwa mu nyubako zo guturamo, mu nganda n'inganda, ifite icyemezo cyo guhuza. Astro * Uzo igumana imikorere hamwe no gusohora ndetse no kubura voltage kumurongo, kurugero, mugihe abatwara zeru cyangwa icyiciro cya zeru cyangwa icyiciro.
Umuryango wa Astro * RCO ufite 9Mmodimice utandukanye hagati yabo numubare winkingi (16, 25, 40 na 63a) hamwe na nominal ihagarika ubu (30 na 100m) . Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwa Astro * Uzo nibura imyaka 10, ibikoresho- 4000electric na 10000-dimeric cycle.
Igiciro cya Bipolar Astro * uzo guhindura F11111- 372Rub., F2211, F331111, F4212 na F4312 RIZA.
Muri OJSC "Institute ya ProjecTelectroporTontontazh", ishingiye ku ncamake y'imyaka irenga 25 y'Ikigo kiri mu mutekano w'amashanyarazi, hazategurwa kandi kandi bigakorwa. Kuboneka hamwe no kumena umuzunguruko.
Ubusanzwe ubu bushobozi bukomeye bwo gukomeza imikorere hamwe nigihe gito (kugeza5se) kunanirwa voltage kugeza kuri 50% byizina. Ubu buryo burashoboka hamwe numuzunguruko mugufi mugihe cyo gukora sisitemu abr (ibikoresho byikora byinjiza ibikoresho). Guhinduranya kwambara udo-2000 - 20000 cyclov. Igiciro - Ibyuma 210.
Naho Uzo yatumijwe mu mahanga, muri iri suzuma, tubona ibicuruzwa by'ibigo byose, kera kandi bifatanya cyane n'ingufu z'Uburusiya. Bashakaga guharanira umutekano w'amashanyarazi y'abantu no kurinda umuriro wo gutura no mu biro.
Abb "abb" itanga ibikoresho f360, F370, DS640 / DS650, DS652 na DS652. Impuzandengo y'agaciro y'ibicuruzwa mu maduka y'itsinda ry'amasosiyete "TFS" - 90tu.e.
Isosiyete y'Abafaransa "Merlin-GerIN", iri mu itsinda ry'inganda "Schneider", ritanga UzodpnVIGI, VIGIC60, Viginc100, C60, NC100 cyangwa NC125. Ikigereranyo cyabo ukurikije urutonde rwa TFS - 85u.e.
Guhitamo gucukura Uzo bitanga "siemens". Ibikoresho byinshi byibikoresho bitandukanye birashobora guhaza ibisabwa nabakiriya. Icyitegererezo kizwi cyane ni bipolar rcnfi5sz3227. Igiciro cyibicuruzwa "siemens" ntabwo atandukaniye nibishushanyo byibigo byavuzwe haruguru.
Ikigo cy'Abafaransa "gikodesha" gitanga Udo Ubwoko DX / D40, bibiri- na bine. Agaciro kabo mububiko bwa Company ya TFS - kugeza kuri 90u.
Igihe kirageze cyo kongera kwibuka kuburyo bidashoboka gutanga ibintu biranga ibikoresho byo guhagarika ibidukikije byahawe isoko ryuburusiya nkuko bidashoboka gukora "abakora hamwe nibikoresho byo mu Burusiya. Ushaka kubona kubahiriza Uzo cyangwa Bitandukanye Automaton Ibipimo bisabwa? Kubara ibiranga igikoresho cyawe bisa na Udo-2000 na Astro * Uzo. Niba ibigereranyo bitumizwa bitumizo biri munsi yabo, kugura ibicuruzwa byo murugo. Niba bishoboka, inama ninzobere. Naho ubuziranenge no kwizerwa cyibikoresho, birashoboka kwishingikiriza ku izina ryabakora n'abagurisha. Ibyifuzo bigomba guhabwa amaduka yihariye n'amazu yubucuruzi.
Ibiro by'Amatangazo y'Ikinyamakuru Urakoze abakozi ba Tekinike Minisiteri ishinzwe Tekinike-Centre, Umuyobozi mukuru w'ubushakashatsi bwa ProjecTryoledontazh "Umuyobozi mukuru w'inzu y'ubucuruzi ya Elegi" SA PTASHKINAL. Gutegura ingingo.