Ibiranga igikoresho, gusaba no gukoresha Windows mu gisenge cyatsinzwe.
Umutako wibiti ntibishoboka utazirikana kumurika icyumba, ingano niboneza byidirishya ryati.
Windows ya Mansard irashobora kuboneka ukundi: ebyiri, amatsinda, imwe hejuru yizindi.
Windows ni amaso yinzu, abifashijwemo nabantu batuyeho bashiraho isano nizuba, ukwezi, inyenyeri, na giti - zibaza ikirere muburyo bw'ikigereranyo, ntabwo ari muburyo bw'ikigereranyo. Ingingo yacu kubiranga igikoresho, gukoresha no gukora kuri Windows.
Ubuzima Buroroshye kuri atike ituwe?
Benshi muritwe twashoboye gukunda indwara nziza, niba atari Ikirusiya, Paris, Berlin, London, iherezo rikabije - warsaw. Abantu bafite amahirwe bategura ibyabo, bazi neza ko ikibazo kivuka: Windows ya sosiyete kandi ni ubuhe bwubatsi? Mbere yo gusubiza iki kibazo, birumvikana ko wumva ibintu nkibi kandi ni ubuhe bwoko bwa mansard.Mubwubatsi bwa attic guhamagarwa vertical cyangwa yashushanyije mumadirishya yashizweho. Mubisanzwe barateguwe mubyumba byo hejuru - dormiristium no mucyongereza baracyitwa dormer. Isubukuru ku gisenge, irinda kandi ubuhanzi bwateguye idirishya rihagaritse, ryerekeza ku magambo. Iri jambo rikoreshwa nkibisobanuro byamadirishya mato ahagaritse. Cyiza irashobora kuba inyabutatu, urukiramende, rwubatswe, muburyo bw'isi; Amakadiri yabo afite uburyo bukwiye. Mubisanzwe, umusatsi-umusatsi utegurwa hejuru yinzu.
Ikibazo cyo guhitamo
Windows ya Mansard isobanutse nkuko bigaragara kandi mubikorwa byabo. Imwe mu mirimo nyamukuru yubatswe nuburyo bushyize mu gaciro bwo kubaka imbuga, ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo gufungura idirishya hamwe nizindi miterere yidirishya kugirango ubone igipimo cyiza cya ultraviolet yizuba ryinshi. Ibisabwa byo guhinduka no kumurikira icyumba cyatiti gishyirwaho mu gice cya "Impinduka muri n 2 mu gice cy'igorofa ya giti" snup "inyubako zo guturamo" 2.08.01-89. Birazwi ko imirasire yinyongera kandi ultraviolet itera kwiyongera mubibyimba bibi, kandi kubura bitera imbere ya anemia, indwara yibituntu hamwe nizindi ndwara zandura. Mugihe kimwe, muri atike, mezzananine no kuri Verandas - Hamwe nizuba rikora cyane, ugomba kurwana, ugabanya ubuso bwa Windows no gukoresha izuba, mu kindi - gufata umwihariko Ingamba zo kuzamura imirasire y'izuba bishoboka. Muri ibyo bihe byombi, amadirishya yikishushanyo cyihariye arakenewe. Agace kabo kagomba kugereranywa hasi. Muri satike, kurugero, iki ni igipimo cya 1:10.
Mubwubatsi bwo murugo bugezweho, hari imyitozo yacyo yo guhitamo Windows hasi. Nk'uko uhuza ubwubatsi LV GIHLUKE, amadirishya yashyizwe muri LUQUARN akoreshwa "kugirango abungabunge uburyo kandi uburebure bwamadirishya yinjira, mugihe uburebure bwamadirishya yihishe, ntibukwiye kurenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'uburebure. " Kubwibyo, ibyifuzo byayo "kubara ingano no gushyira idirishya ryibishushanyo byose bigomba kuba biranga kandi anthropometric nibiranga idirishya bigomba kuba biri munsi ya metero 1.9-2 kuva hasi, na Imirasire ya Ray yumuntu wicaye agomba kugira urwego rwa Ferris byibuze 15% hamwe nidirishya rifunguye. "
Ikindi gikorwa cyingenzi gihura nubwubatsi kijyanye no guhumeka neza kubibanza. Guhumeka cyane biganisha ku madeni, kubura ubushyuhe kandi, kubera ibicurane, n'intege nke - bitera kubura ogisijeni, bitera umwuka, bitera kubabara umutwe, gutera umutwe muri metabolike mu mubiri. Muri byose, idirishya nikintu cyingenzi cya Ventilation isanzwe na gihina, giterwa nubuzima bwabatuye inzu.
Muri 50% by'indwara, abagizi ba nabi bagwa mu nzu banyuze mu idirishya. Igikorwa cyingenzi nukugira inzitizi idasubirwaho kubatera. Icyizere cyumutekano kugiti cyawe gikomeye cyane kugirango uhumurize imitekerereze. Kumena cyangwa ufungure hanze yidirishya ryambere kubagizi ba nabi biroroshye rwose, utazavuga kuri Windows igezweho hamwe na Windows inshuro ebyiri - ibikoresho byo gufunga kuramba no gufunga imbere.
Hanyuma, idirishya rigomba guhura nibisabwa bigezweho nibikorwa: Kugira ubushyuhe bwo kwimura ubushyuhe, ibikoresho byorohereza ikirere no kwinjiza ikirere.
Windows nyinshi uyumunsi ikozwe muri chloride ya polyvinyle na aluminium. Birumvikana ko ari ingirakamaro kandi riramba. Umuntu ariko, yumva ameze nk '"ibyuma-plastiki bidukikije" ntabwo buri gihe ari byiza. Nkuko imyitozo yerekana, Windows ikozwe mubiti ni urugwiro rwibidukikije kandi ni kabiri bihenze kuruta plastike nicyuma.
Ni iki kidasanzwe kuri bo?
Muri iki gihe, Windows ya vertical ya vertical isanzwe yishyirwaho isura cyangwa hamwe no kongera kubaka inyubako zamateka. Amategeko yihariye n'amategeko yo gushushanya muri ubwubatsi no kubaka ntibihari. Igishushanyo cya Wubatswe kiyobowe namategeko rusange yibigize, ibisabwa kuri Windows ya stic muri rusange. Bikwiye kwitondera ko Windows ihagaritse, nubwo zitanga inyubako isura nziza, ariko, ukurikije abimenyereza ubwubatsi, ntabwo buri gihe batange urwego rukwiye hamwe nurwego rukenewe, kurema ibibazo kubashushanya.Mu gitekerezo cyo mu rugo rwa kijyambere, ibyifuzo bihabwa Windows ya Mansard, byateguwe bwa mbere kubyara umusaruro no gushyiraho mubikorwa byo kubaka mu 1941 na velux sosiyete ya Danemark. Windows ya Mansard imaze gushyirwaho ugereranije nigisenge, kandi muri rusange irashobora gushyirwaho inguni zitagabanya ubudacogora (kuva 15 kugeza 87) kugeza ku ndege itambitse kandi idafite umuco. Bahura nibikorwa byimisozi miremire hamwe nubukorikori, kimwe no koroherezwa no kubona abantu bo mu gisenge, bityo, imbaraga no gukomera kw'izo madirishya bigomba kuba byikubye kabiri.
Ku mikorere ya mansard Windows
- Kurinda gushinga kwirahumana ku kirahure, cyane cyane mu nzu hamwe n'ubushuhe bukabije, birakenewe gushyira ahagaragara isoko munsi yidirishya, buri gihe ushyire icyumba kandi urebe ko umwuka ukareba.- Mu mijyi ibidukikije by'ibiti bisabwa kugira ngo bishobore gupfuka igice gishya buri myaka 2, muri kariya gace hamwe n'imvura nke - rimwe mu myaka 10.
- Tegola Canadse arasaba ko buri myaka itatu asiga amavuta yidirishya rya libricant. Kuri Windows ya Velux, amavuta ntabwo asabwa mugihe cyose cyimirimo yabo.
Kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bwinyubako ni nko mu gihe cy'itumba hagaragara neza binyuze mu guhuzagurika ku igorofa ryanyuma kugirango bihuze na atike, ubushyuhe ntarengwa burashimangirwa na convection. Impeshyi ishyushye, ndetse no kwinjiza igisenge, ubushyuhe bwinzu ntibuzarinda icyumba cyatiti gishyushya birenze nizuba. Dukurikije logique y'ibintu, Windows ya Mansard igomba kuba igenzura risanzwe ry'ubushyuhe no kungurana ibitekerezo. Kugirango ukore iki gikorwa nkuko bigomba gukorwa, abashya bashya bitangizwa mubikorwa byabo (ugereranije na Windows ya Vertical) Ibintu:
- Guhagarika ikadiri mu gasanduku k'idirishya bikorwa ku muzingo, wemerera ikadiri kugirango uhindure ikadiri kugeza 180 (biroroshye koza ikirahure cyo hanze) hanyuma ukosore hamwe na valve mu myanya itandukanye. Kandi imirongo yo kuzunguruka iherereye haba hagati yikadiri no mugice cyo hejuru;
- Idirishya rifite imyanya itatu ihamye igufasha guhindura inzira ya ventilation;
- Gukoresha Grille yashizwe mu gasanduku k'idirishya hamwe na grid ikingira irashobora kuba indege n'igihe idirishya ryafunzwe.
Igishushanyo cyidirishya ryikigereranyo ni umutekano mubikorwa. Hamwe nibirahuri bikomeye hamwe nubwinshi bwa mm nikirahure hamwe no guhiga-byerekana ubushyuhe mu mapaki abiri, igice cya kabiri cyarashize ibirahuri bikoreshwa. Windows-yatsinzwe na Windows yuzuye yuzuye gaze ya inert (argon cyangwa clokpton) iyongera uburyo bwo kuzigama ubushyuhe.
Ibiti birambuye bya Windows bikozwe mu giti cya pinusi yamenetse, cyatewe na antiseptike mu cyumba cya vacuum kandi gitwikiriwe n'ibice bimwe cyangwa bibiri bya vasheri. Ku mwirondoro wa aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu - Igice cya Polyester kirwanya imirasire ya ultraviolet, ifunga hanze ikozwe mubyuma cyangwa alumini. Kuramba kw'iyi idirishya ni nyuma yimyaka 40, hashingiwe ku mategeko yo gukora.
Kugirango wirinde amadirishya amazi atemba hejuru yinzu, yibanze kuri perimetero yicyitwa salary shiraho. Zikorewe ubwoko bwinshi bujyanye nibikoresho bitandukanye byo gusakara (Flat, hasi-umwirondoro cyangwa byinshi-). Umushahara ukozwe muri aluminiyumu cyangwa umuringa (ku gisenge cy'umuringa gusa).
Byoroshye kubishushanyo mbonera bya mantical mansard ya mansard, akenshi mumirongo myinshi kumurongo uhanamye, biranga Ubudage bwimyaka yo hagati. Mu gihe cyashize no mu kuvugwa hakiri kare mu bihugu bitandukanye by'Uburayi, hagaragara amadirishya atandukanye yagaragaye i Lugariny, uhereye ku ruhande rw'imbere rw'inkike zikubiye mu matafari. Bakunze kubambishijwe na Stucco nziza - PUKKO. Ku ngoma y'ingoma ya Tudor (XV-XV-XVI) mu Bwongereza na Scotland, amadirishya nk'aya yakwirakwijwe mu nyubako, mu Bufaransa kuva mu mpera z'inama y'ubutaka ya Louis XII, yarubatswe ku gisenge y'ibigega by'Ubufaransa. Idirishya rya vertical manicard ryagumye mumyambarire mu binyejana bya XVII na XVII, ariko impinga yo kwamamare kwabo yatewe n'inyungu zo kwizihiza Gothic na Renaissance Ubwubatsi bwa XIX na XX.
Idirishya ryamadirishya rirahuye byoroshye na sisitemu ya raf ya raf ya raf. Bashizwemo haba kuri imwe kandi muri horizontal, guhagarikwa, hamwe. Mu rubanza nyuma, i Bisanzwe distance between madirishya no buhagaze, na Butambitse ni 10 cm. Mu kiseera kye kimu, nk'uko eky'okuddamu aesthetic, no koroshya imiterere y'imishahara Idirishya, yakorewe iyinjizaporogaramu in mazu Uhagaritse, agomba Ubugari bumwe, kandi muri horizontal - uburebure bumwe.
Buri idirishya rishobora kuba rifite ibara rya shitingi, urumuri, itara no gushyushya - ibimenyetso bifatika, byishimo, hanze ya marquili na sisitemu yo gufungura ubuyaha.
Geometric ibipimo bya mansard ya mansard
| Icyitegererezo | Ibipimo | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Idirishya ryamadirishya, cm | Idirishya ryibumoso, cm | Ubugari bw'ikirahure, MM | Uburebure bw'ikirahure, MM | Agace ka Glazing, M2 | |
| Velux (Gufungura) | |||||
| 304. | 78. | 98. | 602. | 730. | 0.44. |
| 306. | 78. | 118. | 602. | 930. | 0.56 |
| 308. | 78. | 140. | 602. | 1150. | 0.69 |
| 310. | 78. | 160. | 602. | 1352. | 0.81. |
| 606. | 114. | 118. | 962. | 930. | 0.89 |
| 608. | 114. | 140. | 962. | 1150. | 1,11 |
| Zenith (gufungura no kutumva) | |||||
| imwe | 55. | 78. | 368. | 590. | 0.21 |
| 2. | 55. | 98. | 368. | 790. | 0.29. |
| 3. | 78. | 98. | 598. | 790. | 0.47 |
| Bane | 78. | 118. | 598. | 990. | 0.59. |
| bitanu | 94. | 98. | 758. | 790. | 0.60 |
| 6. | 78. | 140. | 598. | 1210. | 0.72 |
| 7. | 114. | 118. | 958. | 990. | 0.94 |
| umunani | 134. | 98. | 1158. | 790. | 0.91 |
| icyenda | 66. | 98. | 478. | 790. | 0.38. |
| 10 | 66. | 118. | 478. | 990. | 0.47 |
'' Aho twashyira ikintu? ''
Kwishyiriraho Windows yateganijwe birashobora gukorwa ninzobere zibihenze hamwe nitsinda rya "Kurasa" (muriki gihe, mubisanzwe, mubisanzwe ntabwo ugira garanti kumurimo wakozwe). Iya mbere iraryoshye, kubera ko idirishya "igishushanyo mbonera" gisaba kuzenguruka.'' Tekereza nawe, wisuzume, kugira cyangwa ... ''
URASHOBORA gusubiza ikibazo "Windows Ni uruganda gutanga ibyifuzo?". Ku isoko ry'Uburusiya, ubu hari ibicuruzwa byemejwe by'ibigo bibiri gusa - Ikibanza cya Danemark na Tegola, cyashimangiye umusaruro wacyo muri Polonye ku kirango cya zenith. Bitewe nuko mu bihugu byahoze ari imari shingiro, igiciro cyakazi kitaragera ku rwego rw'i Burayi, ibicuruzwa bya Tegola biroroshye kuri 30% bihendutse inshuro 30%. Guhitamo rero umuguzi ni byoroheje cyane.
Vuba aha, amadirishya ya societe yikidage Roto aherutse kuba afite ikizamini gikwiye cyigihe mumiterere yikirere gikaze muburusiya. Imibare n'ukuri amagambo meza, bityo turasaba kugereranya ibipimo bya tekiniki n'ibiranga Windows ingano no kugenwa, ariko mubyakozwe bitandukanye.
Idirishya rya zenith ritandukanye ninkuta ya velux nukuntu hamwe nubunini bungana bwikadiri, banyura kuri 6% byumucyo. Ibi bigerwaho mugushira igikoresho gifatika mu gace k'idirishya (mugihe muri Velux Windows iherereye kumurongo) hamwe nubuso bunini bwikirahure.
Ibigo byombi bitanga kuri Windows yabo ingwate imyaka 5, kubikoresho byumwaka 1. Nibiba ngombwa, abahagarariye ibigo bizasimbuza igice icyo aricyo cyose cyashyizwe ahagaragara, harimo glazing ebyiri.
Guhuza ibiranga ubwoko butandukanye bwa mansard Windows
| Ubwoko | Ibiranga | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kurwanya ubushyuhe Hindura Windows, M2C / W. | Herme- tich Nost, M3 / (H * m) | RAMA N'AMASOKO | Gukosora Rama | V- Ikilatice igikoresho | Ikirahure- paki | Umushahara | |
| Velux GZL. | 0.57. | Munsi ya 0.3. | Pine | Umwanya umwe - muri leta ihagaritse, ikintu kimwe - na 180 | Nta ibaho | Ikirahure kivuga (4 mm) hamwe no gutera imbere, kuzamurwa kwa ARGON (9 mm), ikirahure cyerekana (3 mm) | EDH, EDS, INAPI |
| Velux GGL | 0.59. | Munsi ya 0.2. | Pine | Umwanya umwe - muri leta ihagaritse, ikintu kimwe - na 180 | Hamwe na filteri | Ikirahure kivuga (4 mm) hamwe no gutera imbere, kuzamurwa kwa ARGON (16 mm), ikirahure kivuga (4 mm) | EDH, EDS, INAPI |
| Velux ghl. | 0.59. | Munsi ya 0.2. | Pine | Umwanya umwe - muri leta izunguruka, ikintu kimwe - na 180, imwe - mu idirishya ryuzuye rifunguye (rikoreshwa nk'ibisohoka byihutirwa) | Hamwe na filteri | Ikirahure kivuga (4 mm) hamwe no gutera imbere, kuzamurwa kwa ARGON (16 mm), gutemba (4 mm) | EDH, EDS, INAPI |
| Znith LXS. | 0.62. | Munsi ya 0.25-0.55 | Pine nta gutya | Imyanya itatu muri leta ifungura, ikintu kimwe - na 180 | N'inzitiramubu. | Ikirahure cyarakaye (2 x 3 mm) hamwe no gutera, Clorkn Layer (14 mm), ikirahure kivuga (4 mm) | H, s, j, combi |
| Znith LX. | 0.71 | Munsi ya 0.25-0.55 | Pine nta gutya | Imyanya itatu muri leta ifungura, ikintu kimwe - na 180 | N'inzitiramubu. | Ikirahure kivuga (4 mm) hamwe no gutera imbere, kuzamurwa kwa ARGON (16 mm), ikirahure kivuga (4 mm) | H, s, j, combi |
