Nigute ushobora guhitamo neza mubikoresho byinini byo gusakara: Incamake yisoko, ibiranga bimwe, ababikora.
Inganda zigezweho zigezweho zitanga imyambaro nini, ihuye nibikoresho byose hamwe numuguzi biraryoshye. Ikibazo nuguhitamo neza. Ingingo yacu izagufasha muri ibi.
Umubare munini wibimenyetso bihari byo gusakara bifite ibintu byinshi. Gukurikira Gosstroke ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya, tubagabanye mumatsinda ane: Ibicuruzwa bifatika, ibikoresho byo gusakara byoroshye, ibikoresho byashyizwe hamwe na mastika.
None, ni abakora ibyo abakora batanga abatera imbere?
Slate
Nubwo slate akomeje gukoreshwa mu Burusiya ibisabwa byinshi, ariko cyane cyane mubushobozi bwabo bubiri bifite aho bugarukira. Kuva mu 1990, yagabanutse hafi inshuro enye, no kubaka akazu ikoreshwa gake cyane, bityo ntituzabisuzuma birambuye.Urutonde rwa Fibrous na PVC
Ubundi buryo bwo gusiba asibesitos-sibemetos-simetos-simetos - byatewe na bitumen fibre fibre fibre (selile cyangwa ikindi). Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byikigo cyigifaransa "onduline" gisanzwe. Ubu bwoko bwibicuruzwa butangwa mu gihugu cyacu na sosiyete ya Swiss Gutta. Tera "Mosstroyplastmas" (Mytischi, akarere ka Moscou) itanga ibara Polymer Plate kuva PVC. Impapuro zijimye kuva 2 kugeza kuri mm zirimo ibipimo bya 1500 x 1530 x 54 mm. Misa ya 1 M2 yiyi shitinga ni kuva 4 kugeza 6.3, kuramba kwigisenge ni imyaka 30.
Ibikoresho byo gusamba
Ibisenge byoroshye no gukoresha amazi mu Burusiya byakozwe na 18 byihariye, ndetse no mu bigo bito. Kubwamahirwe, arenga 80% yumusaruro wo gusakara byoroshye ibisenge byoroshye biracyafite ibitekerezo gakondo byinyuma ku ikarita ikarito, yashyizwe mu matapi atatu, ane- na atanu akoresheje ibisenge. Gukaraba no kumurongo bya rubberoid bikoreshwa haba hejuru yinzu. Ariko ibi nibikoresho ejo.Ibikoresho bituzuye byumvikana cyane kubushyuhe bugabanuka hamwe ningaruka zitandukanye zo mu kirere, cyane cyane imirasire ya ultraviolet. Imitungo yabo mibi ni yo kurwanya ubukonje buke, bituma imyanya yo hejuru yabayeho. Mastika, ikomanga panel, iyobowe nimirasire yizuba nayo ibura plastike. Kandi nubwo ibikoresho gakondo bya bitumen arihendutse, bitewe nuko ubuzima bwa serivisi bwigisenge butarengeje imyaka 5-7, igiciro cyose cyo gukomeza igisenge muburyo bwimyaka 40-50 bimaze kuba bifite akamaro, kwizirikana ikiguzi cyurugo rwiyongera.
Ibikoresho byinshi byujuje ibikoresho bya bitumen ni ibyuma na pholoism, muburyo bukubiyemo kimwe. Bikoreshwa kubikoresho bya hydro na vaporiolation, kimwe nigisenge kumesa.
Mu myaka yashize, ibikoresho byazunguye bigizwe na bitumen na polymer (bitarenze 12% byubunini) bwibigize kuri polyester idafite intoki cyangwa ibirahuri bigenda birushaho gukundwa; Fiberglass: fibbergot, hydrohotel, Bikrost, lineongur, rubxt, bibext, bikrost, ikirahure, reba ikirahure, rubrest. Ibigize Polymer bitanga ibikoresho nkibi binini (ugereranije na gakondo bituminikuho) bibuza gushinga. Ikaramu zuzuza uburyo bwo kugenda hejuru ya beto, ibyuma cyangwa bifatanye na mastic. Muri iki kibazo, urufunguzo rwo kwishyurwa rutera kwangirika kumitungo yayo ya tekiniki. Ibibi byibikoresho byinshi byatumen-polymeric bikenewe igisenge cyongeye gusaka, kandi akenshi hamwe ninyongera ya kaburimbo n'amabuye arenze. Ibikoresho byakuweho-bitumen bikoreshwa ku gisenge kiringaniye kandi gihagaze hamwe n'umusozi ugera kuri 25. Ahantu hanini hari akaga ko guhimba, ikirere gishyushye kirazamuka cyane.
Ibitekerezo bifatwa nkibikoresho bya bitumen-polymeric kumuriro wahinduwe na thermoplasts, Elastoles, polatlast, ipanga, DILOPLES, THEPOPLES, DILOPLEX, DNEPROLUS nabandi. Akarere kabo ntabwo ari igisenge, uruhushya rwagati ", ahubwo runatangarata ku rufatiro, ibigo, ibigori, ibiraro, n'ibindi, ibiraro bifite Hafi yumubiri umwe wa fiziki, rero, nkurugero, dutanga ibipimo byibicuruzwa bya aozt "gerbietit".
Mu Budage, hafi 75% by'ibisenge biseswa bishyirwa mu bikoresho bya bitumen-polymeric bishingiye ku myandara y'ibirahuri cyangwa igikoma. Abakora cyane ibikoresho byo gusakara byoroshye ni itopal, "izoflex", Tehtiniyol, "hemoplast". Ibikoresho byo gusakara bitangwa muburyo bwa lente ya mm 1000 z'ubugari n'uburebure bwa 7 kugeza kuri 10. Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwa Bitumen-Polymer ni imyaka 15-20.
Amashusho ya tekiniki y'ibikoresho "Gerbier Kuri, P, G"
| Imbaraga za Tweright muburyo burebire, n (kgf) | Nibura 735 (75) |
| Misa yuzuye ya m2 1 (uburemere bwikirenga), g | 3500500 (2000) |
| Kwinjira mumazi (mugihe cyamasaha 24,% kuburemere) | Ntabwo barenga 1.0 |
| Guhinduka kumurongo uzenguruka mm 25, k (c) | 263 (-30) |
| Amazi (munsi yigitutu 0.001 MPA), H. | Nibura 72. |
| Kurwanya ubushyuhe (mu masaha abiri), K (C) | Ntabwo ari munsi ya 353 (80) |
| Ubunini, mm. | 3.5 |
Ubwoko buhebuje bwo hejuru bwo hejuru hejuru yinzu mubisanzwe ni urwego rumwe. Bakozwe hashingiwe kuri reberi cyangwa peteroli-polymer resiver kandi ntabwo ikubiyemo bitumen. Birashobora gukoreshwa hejuru yinzu yahantu hose, batinya ko igisenge cyinyanja. Kugeza ubu, ikunze kugaragara mu mikorere yo kubaka isi ni ibikoresho byo gusakara hamwe na membrane bishingiye kuri entesylene-proseylene-diene reberi (gushidikanya). Inzitizi nkiyi ni igisenge cyo hejuru kandi cyibikoresho byo hejuru byabonetse no guterana no kurabarwa no kurwanya ikirere kinini, kurwanya ozone, imbaraga, imbaraga, imbaraga nubudakemu no kurwanya ubukonje. Igice kimwe-cyinshi gishyirwa hejuru yinzu adafite coupal ("kubuntu", gupakira inzira yimyanda cyangwa gutunganya mashini), no gukomera "igice" cyo kwifata "cyangwa bishyushye. Muri Amerika, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyibisenge bikozwe muri membranes imwe.
Gukoresha inzara zometseho imirongo itanga umuvuduko mwinshi nubwiza bwo gukora. Ibikoresho biza mumyandaga yubugari butandukanye (kuva 1 kugeza kuri m 1), bituma igisenge kitoroshye gifite umubare muto. Ikoranabuhanga riranga Ikoranabuhanga rya Membrane nibigize bituma bishoboka gukora akazi mugihe icyo aricyo cyose cyumwaka.
Mu Burusiya, irekurwa rya Membrane rya Nizhnekamskneftekhim JSc. Ibigo byo gusakara kuri ubu buhanga byatanzwe na OJSC Kirov Igihingwa cy'uruhu rw'abinyabuzima OJSC (Cromel ", reagral's Akarere ka Sverdlovsk (UNAGHER" UNICES "), no kwiyongera, Batangwa na -ob stroke (ibicuruzwa byabanyamerika bibaka abanyamerika, nibindi). Ubuzima bwa serivisi burenze imyaka 25.
Ugereranije nigisenge gitumini, ibiciro byibikoresho kubikoresho hamwe nibiri muri m2 1 ya bitumen-polymer igisenge munsi ya kabiri, polymer - inshuro enye.
Mastiki
Biturusos Polymeric na Malymeric Mastike ikoreshwa haba kubikoresho bishya bitagira ikimenyetso no gusana ubwoko bwose bwibisenge bishaje. Hamwe nubufasha bwa mastike, ubwoko bwihariye bwa elastike bwakozwe. Bakoreshwa muburyo bwamazi hejuru kandi bigize film itagira amazi yo kwirinda itandukaniro rya polymer hamwe no kubura imyenda hamwe ningingo. Imyitwarire yiyi firime yemerera kubungabunga ubukana bwinzu mugihe cyo guhinduranya hejuru. Umusaruro wamamaye w'amateka y'ubwoko butandukanye n'aho ujya "," PolymellyMaterials ", Rkz, Isosiyete yo mu kubaka Sheremetyevo.Mastic ni imwe cyangwa ebyiri-ibice, bikoreshwa muburyo igisenge kiri hejuru yinzu. Nyuma yo gukiza, igikoma gisa na monolithic, bisa na reberi ibikoresho byamabara. Ibisenge nkibi nibyiza kubice bifite ikirere gikaze. Mastics irwanya itangazamakuru rikaze, okiside nimirasire ya ultraviolet, kurwanya ruswa mubushyuhe kuva -40 kugeza 100, imbaraga, uburemere. Ubuso kuri bo bugomba no kuba, kugirango urwego rwa mastike ruri umwambaro. Iyo impengamiro yo kunyerera hejuru ya 12% hamwe nubushyuhe bwikirere kumuhanda hejuru ya 25c kuri Mastic, kuzumuzi bigomba gutangizwa (Thickerne, Emera, byongera ubukuru.
Kuramba cyane ni Butyl Rust Mastics. "Polykrov M-120" na "Polykrov M-140", ChlykrovPolyIfuza "l Polykrov-L" Kugira Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwa serivisi (Rkz) - "Helamu" ("HelamplaST") , "Heopren" ("Shirefevo"), "Venta-y" ("Polymeterials") - Imyaka 15. Mastic - ibikoresho byo gusakara byoroheje. Misa ya m2 1 ya tapi yo gusaza bitewe nubwoko bwayo hamwe numubare wibice ni 2-10 kg. Serivisi ya Mastic Ubuzima - kuva kumyaka 10 kugeza kuri 25.
Ugereranije, igisenge cyoroshye cyo gutumiza ibicuruzwa byatwaye $ 5-6 kuri 1 M2, hamwe nibihe bitanu munsi.
Hanyuma, twageze ku gisenge cy'imyambarire dusanga, nk'itegeko, mubwubatsi. Kubikoresho byabo bikoreshwa ibikoresho byo gusakara. Birashimishije kubera gushushanya, amabara atandukanye no kuramba.
Ibyuma bikangutswe
Igisenge cy'icyuma - Impapuro zihamye cyangwa ibyuma byimikorere yo murugo kandi zitumizwa mu mahanga, zirinzwe nigice cya holower irwanya ruswa, isanzwe ikenewe. Icyuma kinini cyuzuye hejuru ya zinc alloy, umuringa na titanium, itanga frique yimari yubufaransa ku isoko ryikirusiya (Models "." Antra "). Ibicuruzwa bitangwa mumabati no kuzunguruka. Ubunini bwibintu kuva 0.6 kugeza 1 mm, ubugari - 100 mm. Ubu bwoko bwo gupfunga, bitewe nibihe bikora, byemeza kongerera igisenge imyaka 30-100.
Abakiriya bakize bahinduye igisenge cyumuringa wuzuye hamwe na karubone-ya karubone idafite ibyuma bikenewe. Umuringa - ibyuma bya kera byakoreshwaga kugirango ukore ibisenge. Nko mu bihe biri hagati, birakomeye kandi biragufasha gucira urubanza imibereho ya nyir'inzu. Umuringa (99.9%), wazungurutse kaseti 0.6-0.8 Mm umubyimba na mm 670, biza mu muzingo. Ubuzima bwigisenge cy'umuringa nibura imyaka 100.
Ibyuma Byumvikane
Mu bikoresho byo hejuru y'icyuma, ibyo bita ibyuma biri hejuru cyane - ubwoko bw'impapuro za kashe, yigana imiterere yigisenge cyanditseho. Imwe mubyambere byo gusakara hejuru yubu bwoko ni KMI (Suwede). Ku isoko ry'Uburusiya, amabati y'icyuma atanga ibigo bya Sudesish Gasol Prowel Prowel, Nola Proflab, Talenila, Dainniche, muri Danemish, muri Danemark, mu Bwongereza, Umunyamerika (Gerard Igisenge ). Rannila atanga icyuma cyicyuma mukigo cyacyo mukarere ka Moscou talum. Ibikoresho byacu byakorewe ("ibyuma by'icyuma", "SP" VOSCAB "," Isura-Days. " Impapuro zifite ubunini bwa 0.4-0.5 zigizwe nigice kirinda zinc cyangwa zinc alloy, nyuma yuburyo bukonje bwometse ku buryo butandukanye bwa tile gakondo. Impapuro zivurwa hamwe nibisobanuro byo kurwanya ruswa, byatinyutse hamwe na polyester, plastisol nibindi bishanga, uhereye hasi - kurinda ibice. Misa ya 1 m2 - 5.5 kg. Kubwonda, ibyago bikomeye ntibisabwa, kandi impapuro zashyizwe hamwe na screw hamwe na kashe. Kuramba kw'igisenge cy'icyuma kigera ku myaka 50. Mu buryo burambuye, twanditse muri N 5 "iIid" muri uyu mwaka.Nibyiza kumenya ko akazi hamwe ninkomoko yicyuma gitera izindi ngorane: Icupa ry'icyuma rigarukira, urupapuro rwerekanwe ntabwo rwateguwe na gato. Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyo gutema, igice cyingenzi cyicyuma kiri mumyanda, kandi ibikoresho bihenze. Kubwibyo, amakoti ahanini akwiriye ibisenge byuburyo bworoshye, ariko hamwe nuburyo buhanamye (kugeza 45-60).
Umwirondoro wahinduwe no gusakara
Umwirondoro wahinduwe byoroshye mu gukora kuruta icyuma, kubwibyo bihendutse kandi bihendutse. Impapuro z'ibyuma zidasubijwe zatewe n'ubukonje kugirango zikore urusaku rwimiterere yimiterere isabwa kandi akenshi batwikwa hamwe nigice kirinda polymer. Impapuro z'umuntu nziza zitanga, kurugero, Kireevsky igihingwa cyimiterere yicyuma (Kireevsk, Akarere ka Tula). Urupapuro rwubunini - 0.6-0.8 mm, ubugari - 1100-1250 mm, uburebure - ubujyakuzimu bwa 2 - Ubujyakuzimu - 20-75 mm. Impapuro nkizo zikoreshwa kubikoresho byingagi zidasobanutse zinzu ninyubako zurugo. Kuramba kw'ubu bwoko bwo kwisiga bigenwa nubwiza numubare wibice birinda.
Imyanya yometseho ibyuma byubwoko bwa sandwich niterambere ryikigo cyikidage Elastografi. Nabo, kimwe n'igihombo cyihariye, cyakorewe mu Burusiya n'igihingwa cya Samara ". Ikaramu ikoreshwa mu gukora igisenge cyiziba n'inzego, kimwe n'ikigo cyo hasi igisenge cyoroshye. Insulation ni ubwoko bwa Polyurethane "Sushapura" cyangwa PPU-317. Ubugari bwa Kanel - 845 mm, Uburebure - 2.38-11.38 m, ubunini bwa mm 30 na 50, misa ya 1 M2 - 11-3-14.6 kg.
Bituminius tile
Bimaze imyaka irenga icumi mububatsi nubwubatsi harimo igitekerezo cya "bituminiusi tile". Ubu ni ubwoko bwibisenge byoroshye byahujije imitungo ya tile, ihindagurika ryibiti (imiterere, isura) hamwe nibikoresho byo gusakara (plastike, ubushobozi bukomeye).Amabati mirongo yatumen yakozwe, niba atari amajana, ibigo bikikije isi, kubera ko byagaragaye neza mu bihe bibi - kuva mu turere duharanira amajyaruguru. Gukenera iki gihe ugereranije, cyiza kandi kiraramba (hamwe no kurambika neza) bikura vuba. Amabati ya mbere yatumen yazanye n'Abanyamerika. Mu Burayi, bikozwe mu bihugu hafi ya byose, ariko Ubutaliyani na Finlande birayoboye. Isosiyete ikora Igitaliyani Tegola nubukora bunini bwa tile ya bitumini. Mu Burusiya, mubijyanye no kugurisha, iyi sosiyete isuzumwa na sosiyete izwi cyane ya Finnish Katepal. Ibikoresho nkibi bya Ryazan Ikarita ya Ryazan-Ruberoid, muri Biyelorusiya - OJSC "Hydrostelozol", muri Lituwaniya - Ikirusiya-Lituwaniya "Gargju Misa".
Muburyo bwayo, impapuro zituye ibigo zinyuranye ntiri zitandukanye. Mbere-yatewe na bitumen ikirahuri cyatumen gitwikiriye impande ebyiri zahinduwe cyangwa zamavuza inyenzi zikandagira cyangwa zikandagira ziva hejuru, uhereye hepfo - kuva hepfo - umucanga wa Silicon. Ukurikije ubwoko bwa bitumininous tile nuburyo bwo kurambika impapuro kuva hasi, ingingo (8% yubuso) ni 60% yashizwemo hamwe na bitumer speeter. Bafite ubwoko bwa hexagons isanzwe cyangwa ndende, pentagons na rection, "umunzani wamafi" nibipimo byabo bisanzwe - kuri 1 m2 yinzu iri 8.5-11 kg . Imiterere no gushushanya amabati ya bituminiya yabakora ibikoranire ni butandukanye. Umubare w'amabara n'igicucu ubarwa na magana (uhereye kuri sosiyete Tegola urenga 200).
Ubunini bw'inama na plywood mu ntambwe zitandukanye zakozwe *
| Stag ya Crate, MM | Uburebure, MM | Ubunini bwa Plywood, MM |
|---|---|---|
| 600. | makumyabiri | 12 |
| 900. | 23. | cumi n'umunani |
| 1200. | mirongo itatu | 21. |
* Numutwaro watanzwe wa 1.8 KN / M2, umutwaro wingingo ya 1.0 KN.
Ku gisenge cyongero cyimyambarire uyumunsi urashobora kubona tile yoroshye hamwe nigice cyo hanze cyurugo. Ibi nibikoresho byimikorere myiza - "intore", "compact" na "gakondo" byakozwe na Tegola. Misa ya m2 1 m2 yimpimbano nkimpapuro zisanzwe - kugeza kuri metero 17. Igisenge gishya gishya ni umukara mu mwaka, hanyuma ibimenyetso bya Padiri, hanyuma nyuma ya kimwe cya kane cy'ikinyejana, umuringa ufite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi "ashaje". Itandukaniro nyamukuru mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gushira udutuma bituruka mu ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku kuba igishishwa gikomeye kandi cyoroshye cyashizeho neza kandi gikora ibintu byinshi. Ikozwe mu kibero cyimisumari yabonye cyangwa ikibaho, plywood kidasanzwe cyangwa isahani ya fibrous hamwe na fibre imwe. Ubushuhe bw'ikime ntibugomba kurenga 20%. Ibikoresho nakazi kababaji bihenze cyane kuruta kwitegura guhindurwa munsi yinzu hejuru yicyuma. Ariko kwigomeka ubwabyo bihendutse. Ikora imyaka 25-30.
Ceramic na sima-umucanga tile
Mu Burusiya, umusaruro w'ibiti by'i Cemic urakomeje. Yarekuwe n'ikimera cya Bunk Akarere ka Moscou). Byongeye kandi, imikino gakondo yo kwibira mu bigari mu mahanga ituma mu Burusiya mu Bufaransa (ceric), Ubudage (Braas, muri Enitheria (Lode), Biyelorusiya ("Zabudova"). Ingano isanzwe ya tile ya ceramic - 390 x 240 na 330 x 420 mm. Icyubahiro kiremereye cyane, ubwinshi bwa m2 1 ya m2 ni 40-70 kg, niyo mpamvu inguni yinzu hejuru yinzu igisenge igomba kuba byibuze 25, bitabaye ibyo ugomba gukora sisitemu ikomeye cyane. Kuramba kw'igisenge cyateguwe ni imyaka irenga 100. Uruganda rwa Moscou "Braas-DSC-1" rwakozwe sima-umucanga Tile ya 420 x 330 mm. Ahendutse, ariko kandi aramba kuruta ceramic.Ibisenge bisobanutse
Rimwe na rimwe, birakenewe kubaka igisenge kibisi icyatsi kibisi icyatsi, ubusitani bwimbeho, ikidendezi, cyangwa icyerekezo cyo murugo. Ibisenge nkibi bikozwe muri bitatuburahure, ibirahure bidasanzwe, ibirahuri bya acrycarbote cyangwa ibirahuri bya selile, byakomejwe muri aluminium cyangwa ibyuma. Ibi bikoresho nikoranabuhanga ni bitandukanye cyane, bahabwa ibigo byimbere mu gihugu ndetse no mumahanga. Kuramba kw'ibikoresho bigezweho bya Polymes bigezweho na gatatu - imyaka 50.
Igisenge cya '' ubwenge '' murugo
Ikirahure cyikirahure nijambo rishya murwego rwo gukoresha inyubako zo kubaka kugirango utange imbaraga muburyo budasanzwe: Ibice byinzu bikorerwa. Mu bikoresho byijimye, amashanyarazi munzu yanzu kuri bateri, yongeye kwishyurwa kumanywa. Sunny bateri ya sosiyete German Eternit AG biri ku mugereka cyose NYACYO gukoresha Udusodeko yihariye na ikimenyetso rigishakisha gaskets mu bikoresho polymeric. Bahujwe nibisenge bitandukanye no kwandika ibintu byuburyo bwubucukuzi bwihanga muri ubwubatsi bwinzu. Mu mwaka, ihuriro ry'imirasire 30 (misa ya module 5 kg) y'ubunini busanzwe (505 x 766 x 51 x 766 x 51 x 766 X y'amashanyarazi, ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu mashanyarazi ibikoresho mu nzu.Nimugoroba - amafaranga, mugitondo - igisenge
Kugereranya ubwiza bwibikoresho byo gusakara bitandukanye nicyo gikorwa numero ya mbere kandi kubamwubatsi, no kubakiriya. Nk'uko inzobere mu karere ka Moscou, igereranya nk'iryo rishoboka hamwe n'ubufasha bwo gusuzuma ubuziranenge mu ngingo ziteganijwe. Amavuta atandukanye agereranywa nuburyo bwo guhuza ibiciro. Amanota yo hejuru no munsi yigiciro, nibyiza cyane ibicuruzwa kubaguzi. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birasuzumwa: Ibikoresho byo gusakara, onduline kandi bisa (aqualin, ceramic, umucanga, ibisenge byumuringa, hejuru yicyuma bivuye mucyuma gishaje.
Gusuzuma ibintu byabaguzi, ingingo nziza yimiterere ikoreshwa, ikubiyemo kuvuga muri make ibintu bifatika biranga ibikoresho nibitekerezo bifatika kuri byo, bigaragazwa nabaguzi bakoresheje ibigereranyo birindwi byihariye.
Ibipimo nyamukuru ni uburyo bwiza bwo gusanga ibikoresho, kubera ko umuntu ya mbere yitaye ku isura y'inzu. Mu mwanya wa kabiri - imitungo ya tekinike y'ibikoresho isuzumwa na iy'umubiri, hydrophysical, inzitizi zihanganye, ibinyabuzima n'ibinyabuzima. Kuramba kandi ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi, kubera ko ubuzima bw'igisenge butandukanye cyane: kuva kuri 7 (rubberoid) kugeza ku myaka 100 (umuringa). Birashoboka kwegera igereranyo cyiki kimenyetso muburyo butandukanye. Umuntu yubaka inzu yubushake ifite igisenge kiraramba, cyateguwe imyaka 100, ikindi cyujuje rwose igisenge, kikora kimwe cya kane cyikinyejana. Ibipimo ngenderwaho nabyo biragoye. Iranga ibintu bitandukanye byamabara, imiterere yumwirondoro nuburyo bwo hejuru bushobora gutanga kubaguzi. Iyo uhisemo igisenge, ni ngombwa kuva itangira kugirango usuzume ireme ryibikoresho gusa, ahubwo no kwishyiriraho. Mugihe kimwe, umuguzi azashobora gutwikira igisenge yigenga, akurikiza amabwiriza, kurundi - iki gikorwa nintoki yinzobere. Ibipimo bigoye bya sisitemu ya Rafter bifitanye isano nimbogamizi zubaka cyangwa ibisabwa byinyongera byashyizweho hejuru yinzu yubwoko bumwe bwigisenge. Kurugero, m2 1 ya sami isanzwe ipima nka 50, niko ukoresheje ibi bikoresho, sisitemu ya rafter igomba kubarwa kugirango umutwaro ntarengwa. Kunywa ibiti bya Sawwn, bityo, ikiguzi cyinzu muri uru rubanza kizabyiyongera na 15-20%. Tile yoroshye ni yoroheje kuruta ceramic inshuro eshanu, ariko birakenewe ko ituruka ku kibaho, amashyiga ya pani cyangwa igamije, gukoresha umurongo muto, kandi ibi bigira ingaruka zibitekerezo bito. Igipimo cyo kubungabunga ahanini ahanini bitewe nuko umukiriya mugikorwa cyo kubaka inzu atigeze atekereza kubibazo bivuka mugihe gikurikiranye kandi mugihe cyo gusana igisenge.
Nigiciro / igipimo cyiza, ibikoresho byo gusakara birashobora kugabanywa mumatsinda menshi. Itsinda rya mbere - Ibikoresho byiza-bifatika ku giciro gito - kuzunguza ibikoresho hamwe na plate gakondo. Igisenge kiva muri ibyo bikoresho kirakwiriye cyane ku nzu y'ubusitani cyangwa inyubako yo mu rugo, nk'isuka cyangwa igaraje, ariko ntabwo ari ku murwa mukuru.
Ikiranga itsinda rya kabiri (ondulun, urupapuro rwisi) - Ubwiza bwa kabiri no gutandukana kwibiciro. Muri uru rubanza, guhitamo bigomba gutuma umuguzi ubwe. Itsinda rya gatatu aho ibyuma byoroshye hamwe na sima-umusenyi bigwa birangwa nibiciro byiza nibiciro bigezweho, bike bitandukanye nibiciro byitsinda ryabanjirije. Ibi bikoresho byombi byo gusakara birashobora gufatwa nkibishoboka mubijyanye nigipimo cyiza / igipimo cyiza.
Hanyuma, itsinda rya kane nibikoresho byiza cyane kandi bihenze - uyu ni umuringa, byoroshye kandi ceramic. Ibi bikoresho birakenewe ku barota igisenge cy'iteka, bazima aho abuzukuru babo bazaba. Igomba kwitondera ko nyir'inzu afite agace kwose ka m2 150 igisenge nk'iki kizatwara bitarenze 10,000.
| Ibipimo | Akamaro k'umuguzi,% |
|---|---|
| Isura | mirongo itatu |
| Umutungo wa tekinike | makumyabiri |
| Kuramba | cumi na batanu |
| Nomenclavere | 10 |
| Kwishyiriraho inyubako | 10 |
| Ingorabahizi ya sisitemu ya rafter | 10 |
| Kubungabunga | bitanu |