Impamvu yo kwandika iyi ngingo yasomye kuri kimwe mu bibanza byubatswe: "Amazu y'amatafari yubatswe binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga yamaze ibinyejana byinshi, bivuze ko amakosa yica aho atoroshye ..."
Ifoto: Ivan SOROkin, abanditsi b'umushinga Olga Konykin, Ekaterina Ivanova
Iyo uhuye na "Shapportetory", uribuka amatafari asigaye bitarangiye, mu rukuta rwakozwe hashyirwaho ibisigazwa, hakusanyirizwa hamwe hakusanyirijwe hamwe kubera ireme ry'ibikoresho bibi. Ariko ibyo byose nibikorwa byabakozi, nibihore byimari byabakiriya, hamwe ninzozi zidashoboka zo mucyari rusange. Impuguke mu rwego rw'ubwubatsi zirashobora guhora ingero nyinshi zifatika, zigaragaza inshuro ziri mu nyubako y'amatafari aho kubaka amakosa y'inzu adahanwa no gusinya igihano cy'ubwubatsi mu kubaka cyangwa kubaka. Muri iki kiganiro, ntituzagira ingaruka kubara igishushanyo mbonera. Inshingano zacu nukuvuga kubyerekeye amakosa yiyemeje mugihe cyo kubaka.
Ifoto: Kadmy / Fotolia.com
Kuri statution yibikoresho
Duhereye ku matafari biterwa no kwizerwa no kuramba kw'inkike z'inzu. Kubaka akazu gakoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwibi bikoresho: amatafari yimyenda yigenga (yuzuye kandi yuzuye), muri Siyaba, imiterere nini ya ceramic. Iya mbere ni akabari itukura, idafite umwobo, poroity kuva 8 kugeza 12% kandi ikora nk'ishingiro rya Masonry. Dukurikije ikoranabuhanga ry'umusaruro, amatafari ya plastike na kimwe cya kabiri cyumye atandukanijwe. Ubwoko bwa kabiri budashobora gukoreshwa mukubaka urufatiro, hasi, uruzitiro. Amatafari yubusa asanzwe aratandukanye muri uko yanyuze mu maraso atari intagondwa, bizengurutse, gato, ova. Umwobo ugize imyaka 13-43% yubunini bwamatafari. Igice cy'imbere kigabanya guhanahana ubushyuhe hagati yinzu yumuhanda numuhanda, nuko inkuta ziva mubintu zuzuye zishyushye kuruta kuva ku gipimo cyuzuye. Byongeye kandi, amatafari ahindagurika ni 25-40% byoroshye, bigabanya umutwaro kuri fondasiyo. Inkuta ziva mu matafari asanzwe ceramic (kandi yuzuye, kandi umwobo) ukeneye gukurikiranwa cyangwa gukurikiranwa.
Birashoboka cyane gukoresha amatafari ya Siyalicate ava mu ruvange rw'umucanga wa Lime na Quarz. Kubwimbaraga nibiranga ubwikuno, birenze amatafari ya ceramic, ariko, kubera gukura mumazi menshi, agace ko gusaba kwayo kari kagarukira. Vuba aha, aho kuba amatafari gakondo, ibuye ry'i Ceramic rikoreshwa cyane (ryatoranijwe). Ibicuruzwa byinshi byoroshya inzira zose zikoranabuhanga: Umubare muto urakenewe, igihe cyo kubaka kiragabanuka. Ariko inyungu nyamukuru za blok ninyigisho yo hasi yubushyuhe bungana na 0.29 w / m ● Mu matafari yoroshye 0.39-0.42 w / m ● Gutyo, birashoboka, birashoboka, birashoboka, birashoboka ko ari umubyimba wa 64 Cm udakoresheje ubushishozi: ibuye ryibintu ryiyongera ryimiterere yimpungenge.
Kurinda ingoma, Hydrophobic Impfetic zidasubirwaho zikoreshwa mubushuhe. Niba gutunganya bitarakozwe mugihe kandi bigaragara, birashobora kuvaho, birashobora gukurwaho nibintu bifatika hamwe nisuku ya ACID. Ifoto: "Krako"
Mu gukora amatafari gakondo n'ibuye ryapimwe, Ikoranabuhanga ry'ibikoresho byo gukora rirashobora kumeneka, kandi ntirigihuriye no kubaka.
Kurugero, urubanza ruzwi igihe ibuye ryateganijwe Ceramic, aho ituye ry'amabati yubatswe muri pendulum ya Kovye, nyuma yigihe runaka "yatangiye" (Chips yarabibonye). Mu gihe cy'iburanisha rigoye kandi ndende, uwabyemeje hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwa laboratoire bwahawe ubushakashatsi bwo kurenga ku mikorere y'umusaruro. Birumvikana ko uru rugero rutagomba gutesha agaciro ibyiza byo kubaka ibikoresho. Ibitaro - hitamo guhitamo.
Inzira yoroshye yo kumenya ubwiza bwamatafari ni amashusho. Niba ubona ko core ifite ibara rinini kuruta ubuso bwo hanze, kandi iyo amatafari akubitwa, impeta irakwirakwizwa, noneho muburyo bwiza ushobora kubyemeza. Iyo ijwi ritumva, hamwe na sinapi cyangwa hejuru hari ikizinga, bivuze ko amatafari ahendutse. Ibicuruzwa nkibi bitandukanijwe no kurwanya ubukonje buke kandi biroroshye cyane ku ngaruka mbi zubushuhe.
1 - Amatafari; 2 - Injira primer primer; 3 - Dowel; 4 - Gusunika Ubushyuhe; 5 - kole; 6 - umwirondoro; 7 - fiber yashushanyije; 8 - Igisubizo; 9 - Primer; 10 - Umwirondoro shingiro; 11 - urwego rwa plaster. IJAMBO: Igor Smirhagin / Burda Itangazamakuru
Amatafari yagenzuwe azagira impande z'umukara, zashongeshejwe, isura ya fuzzy. Ibikoresho nk'ibi kandi bifatwa nk'ibihemu (biragaragara cyane, kandi ibipimo byayo ntibikwira mu bwitondere, usibye, amatafari azasenyuka) kandi ntabwo akwiriye kubaka. Niba tuvuga ibipimo bya tekiniki muguhitamo ibikoresho, imbaraga zayo ni ngombwa, zigaragazwa ninyuguti m ihuza numubare ugaragaza umutwaro ntarengwa wemewe muri kg / cm2. Imbaraga ntarengwa zo ku matafari - 300 kg / cm2. Ariko, kugirango ubwubatsi bwumuzungu buburebure burebure bwamagorofa abiri cyangwa itatu, ikirango cya M100 kirahagije. Ikindi gishushanyo cyingenzi cyamatafari ni uguhangana kw'ubukonje (ubushobozi bwibikoresho bwo kwihanganira ubundi buryo bwo gukonjesha no gukongeramo muburyo bwuzuye amazi). Irerekana ninyuguti F. Kubaka mu murongo wo hagati w'Uburusiya, abahanga basaba gukoresha amatafari hamwe no kurwanya ubukonje bitarenze F35, kandi byiza - F50.
Ifoto: Vadim Kovalev / Burda Itangazamakuru
Nigute wabuza isura y'amazi mumwanya wo hasi
Wubake inzu ifite hasi cyangwa munsi yo hasi kumwanya uherereye aho urwego rwubutaka ruri munsi ya 2 uhereye hejuru, kandi twizere ko urukuta rwa Foremwone (nta sisitemu yo kumeneka) - Ikosa ryumukino. Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora kuyobora, Umwanditsi w'iyi mirongo iherutse kubona kuri kimwe mu bintu biri mu karere ka Moscou. Inzu y'amatafari mashya, yatandukanijwe neza nimpumuro, kandi mu nsi yo munsi yisoko nimituro hari amazi. Iyo abahagarariye ubuhanga bwo kubaka bageze aho hantu batangira gusobanukirwa, byaragaragaye ko inzu yubatswe nta mushinga wateguwe cyane, kandi iyobowe n'akazi k'umutware yakoze amakosa menshi. Kurugero, ishingiro ryarinzwe nubushuhe hamwe nigice gito cyo gutwikira amazi, kandi umwobo uva kuri doels wakomeje gukosorwa. Umuhemu yemeje ko iyo tuziritse kumpapuro zubushyuhe hejuru, hanyuma afunga umwobo n'amazi ntibizagera hasi. Umukiriya utoroshye yaguye ku mpaka zifatika cyane: "Buri gihe zubaka, kandi byose byari byiza."Ahari ibintu byose byaba byiza niba amazi yakoze neza. Ariko arigade yakozwe nta mushinga uwo ari we wese, yubahiriza umusozi, n'ibindi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kwegeranya byuzuye, kandi amazi ajya munsi. Kuva. Kandi igihano cyubuhanga bwubwubatsi busa nkiki: gusenya umutsima utazingana no gutondekanya uburyo bushya bwo kunyerera hamwe numubare munini wo kureba neza no kuvoma mu kigega. Ariko ku gace gashingiye ku mazi, bizashoboka gushyira imiyoboro y'amazi nta hose, nkuko tubibona, ntabwo aribyo byose bishobora gukosorwa.
Ibidashobora gukiza kuri
Mu nyubako y'amatafari, nkuko imyitozo irerekana, akenshi ikosa rimwe rikurura undi, no gukosora ibintu, ugomba kugera "inkomoko". Kandi "amakuru" "afatwa nkubushakashatsi bwa geologiya, bugomba gukorwa aha hantu hazabikwa kazana na mbere yiterambere ryumushinga. Ibinezeza bifasha kumenya ibiranga ubutaka n'urwego rw'amazi y'ubutaka, kandi rukaba rushingiye ku guhitamo ubwoko bwa Fondasiyo no kubara ubujyakuzimu bwashizweho. Hano hari urugero ruva mubikorwa byimpuguke byerekana uburyo Uburusiya bushobora kuzanwa kubyo ingaruka.
Ku mugambi w'ubutaka, yubatswe amatafari yubatswe nta bushakashatsi bwa geologiya. Ntibyashobokaga kubinjiramo gusa, ahubwo byatangiye kurangiza: mu nsi yo munsi, ndetse no mu mpeshyi hari amazi, kandi inkuta zitwikiriwe n'imitako. Impamvu niyihe? Mu guhitamo nabi ubwoko bwa Fondasiyo. Ahari urubuga ntabwo ari urwego rwo hejuru rwamazi gusa, kandi aha hantu imigezi yo munsi yubutaka. Hamwe n'icyizere, biragoye guhamagara ibintu nyabyo, ariko, ibisubizo biteye ubwoba biragaragara. Kandi iri ni ikosa ryukuri ryica - inzu igomba gusebanya byimazeyo no kubaka anew, ubu bimaze kugira uburambe, buzwi, "umuhungu wamakosa atoroshye".
Ifoto: Sitidi Yicyuma
Kuri stage ya Fondasiyo
Reka tuganire kubice bikurikira byamakosa. Misa ya m2 1 yurukuta rw'amatafari ni 1200-2000 kg, isaba igikoresho cyimyanda, imbere yacyo iri munsi yubutaka (kubice bya moscou - munsi ya m 1.5). Niba munsi yo munsi yateguwe cyangwa munsi yoherejwe, noneho gukata kwimbitse no gusuka urufatiro rwa monolithic. Kuri iki cyiciro kora amakosa atandukanye, harimo byica. Nubwo umusingi wateguwe neza, ariko abubatsi ntibahagaze igihe cyimbaraga zabo (SP yo 70.13330.012) nyuma yiminsi irindwi - nyuma yiminsi icumi, imirongo irashobora kugaragara muri fondasiyo.
Kurenga ku bisabwa kunanirwa ku mabuye y'agaciro: Amatafari aho hantu hashyizwemo bimaze gutangira gusenyuka; Ubunini bw'ikidodo ntibubahirijwe, bugabanyijemo ubushyuhe n'imbaraga z'urukuta rw'inzu; Urugero rusanzwe rwa "SHAKA" inkuta z'inzu. Ifoto: "Ubuhanga bwigenga bwubwubatsi"
Icyiciro gikurikira cyingenzi ni isoko ryibihe (no munsi yisi) nigikoresho cya sisitemu yo kuvoma. Niba udarinda viti ivuye ku ngaruka z'ubushuhe, hanyuma, yamaze kwinjizwa mu mbaraga zayo, mugihe cyo gukonjesha izaguka, izaganisha ku gushinja ibihingwa binyuramo ubushuhe buzafatwa mu rufatiro. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gukora amazi yacyo ahagaritse kandi atambitse. Amakosa kuri iki cyiciro afitanye isano no gukoresha ibikoresho bidakwiye cyangwa kurenga kuri tekinoroji yo kurambika kwabo. Kurugero, HydrokhotkloxyLaolUrahol igomba guhungira mugihe kitarenze umunsi mucyumba gifite ubushyuhe bwa 20 ° C. Akenshi abubaka kwirengagiza iki gisabwa, kandi kubwibyo, hakorwa hakorwa habaho ihohoterwa. Urundi rugero rwubukwe bwubwubatsi. Ibice byose byifatizo mbere yo gukora amazi yo gukama bigomba gukama (ubushuhe buremewe bitarenze 5%) na primer birashukwa cyane cyane. Mubikorwa, bitewe nuburangare cyangwa uburangare, abakozi akenshi bahuzwa nintara zikaba zaranze. Biragoye cyane kugera kubyoherejwe byizewe muriki kibazo. Hanyuma - "umwobo wamazi uzahora ubona" kandi munsi yo hasi yuzura murugo. Usibye guhagarikwa, birakenewe gukora utambitse (icyo cyitwa Cut-Off) Gutandukanya hydro, bikenewe kurinda inkuta zo hasi kandi inzu ivuye mu butaka bwinjira mu rufatiro rwinjira mu rufatiro rwinjira. Rimwe na rimwe irashyirwaho ihohoterwa, haba muri rusange bibagirwa gushira. Dukurikije amabwiriza y'ubwubavu, mu nyubako idacomeka, itangwa ry'amazi yaka agomba gukorwa mu gice shingiro (nk'uburyo, cm 20 hejuru y'urwego rw'ibintu). Mu mazu hamwe na clars, birakwiriye ahantu habiri - munsi yubutaka bwo hasi no mugice cyibanze cyinyubako, hejuru yurwego rwibintu.
Uyu munsi, kenshi cyane mukubaka inzu yamatafari koresha ubujura butatu. Irashobora kuyoborwa kimwe icyarimwe mubice bitatu kandi ukundi, ni ukuvuga, ubanza kuzinga urukuta rwimbere, hanyuma ruzasuzugurwa kandi ushyiremo indorereka. Ariko icy'ingenzi ntabwo ari ugusaba gushira amakuru yinguzanyo (amasano meza). Bakunda gukora kuva kumeneka yicyuma, shyiramo intambwe ya cm 60 utambitse na cm 60 uhagaritse. Bahambiriye hagati yabo urukuta rurimo igice gihuye nuburinganire bwa mm 120. Rimwe na rimwe, abubatsi "bibagirwa" kugirango imyuka ijyanye n'imiterere. Bikunze gukoresha ubucucike buke - 25-35 kg / m3. Igihe kirenze, kirakemura, kandi urukuta rutakaza ubushyuhe kandi rukingira ibintu. Turasaba gukoresha ibijyanye nubucucike bwa 80 kg / m3. Hagati yacyo nurukuta rwinyuma rugomba gusiga imirongo ya CM 5, kimwe no munsi ya Cornice kugirango ikore umwobo wo guhumeka murwego rwo hanze rwibibazo byo hanze.
Alexander Shukhatovich
Impuguke muyoboye ibaze "kunganira ubuziranenge"
Ku cyiciro cyo gutwikira inkuta
Kuri iki cyiciro, amakosa nkaya nko kugoreka geometrie yinkuta, kutubahiriza diagonal ni kenshi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inkuta zitangira "kugwa". Ibiti Byiza bya Masonry biragaragara, bizoroha kuba ukokosore. Ikindi cyaha, cyemewe mugihe cya Masonry, kibacwa neza. Rimwe na rimwe, abakozi bemeza ko niba kurambirwa bikabije, ntushobora kugerageza, kuko noneho inkuta zitandukanijwe n'amatafari yo mumaso. Ariko, ubu buryo ni bwo buke. Hano haribisabwa byibanze bigomba kubahirizwa mugihe wubaka inkuta.Inkuta zitangira gushinga hamwe ninguni. Uburenganzira bwimpande zombi yinyubako irageragezwa nubutaka. Hata horizontal ya buri murongo wa Masonry byibuze kabiri ubutegetsi nurwego. Niba gutandukana bitarenze imipaka yashizweho, bikurwaho mugihe cyibikorwa bya Masonry byuruhererekane rukurikira. Bitabaye ibyo, bizakenerwa gusenya urukurikirane "inenge" (urwego). Hamwe na verisiyo iyo ari yo yose yo kurambirwa mu mfuruka z'umuzenguruko, gutoranya bigomba kwambuka, gukora gufunga. Kubwibyo, wabanze uhagurukiye umurongo wambere wurukuta rumwe hanyuma uhagerwe kumurongo wambere wurukuta rwa kabiri. Umurongo ukurikira ushyirwa mu cyerekezo gitandukanye: Ubwa mbere - Urukuta rwa kabiri kandi noneho rero umurongo wa kabiri wurukuta rwa mbere wogeje. Ubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga bwikoranabuhanga ni ugushimangira ubujukari kugirango twongere imbaraga. Kubwiyi ntego, ibyuma (grid ihebuje) byagaragaye mubisubizo biri hagati yamatafari byibuze nyuma yimirongo itanu yububiko mugihe ukoresheje amatafari gakondo. Naho amabuye manini yubusa, ibisabwa kugirango mbone imbaraga zurukuta rwinkuta zirimo ibyifuzo byabakora iki gicuruzwa.
Ubwoko bw'inyanja
- Seam iri hagati yamatafari akorwa muburyo butandukanye:
- Mu myanda - kwerekana - igisubizo ntigisubiza inyuma mumaso yamatafari, akabasirwa. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mugihe urukuta ruteganijwe gushyirwa. Uruvange ruvanze rutwikiriwe mu cyuho, bizaba byiza kuguma ku rukuta.
- Muri Sublica, igisubizo cyuzuza agace ka gap hamwe namatafari. Ikidodo cyubu bwoko gikorwa mugihe cyo gushiraho chimneys na fliplace imiyoboro, kandi nanone bikoreshwa nkibiseke.
- Yagiye cyangwa yahambiriye "ibyiza". Mugukora ubanza ukoreshe gato yaciwe umuyoboro cyangwa inkoni. Kugirango ubone convex ya convex, igice cyubuso kigabanywa kumurongo.
Witondere kugenzura umubyimba w'inyanja, wibanda ku kimenyetso ugereranije cy'imirongo itanu ya Masonry: Uburebure bw'Ubukorikori bugabanijwemo umubare wakazi no mu bisubizo byabonetse, ubunini bwamatafari burakuweho. Impuzandengo yubunini bwa kashe ya horizontal muburebure bwa etage igomba kuba mm 12, na vertical - mm 10. Uburangare ubwo aribwo bwose burashobora kuganisha ku kuba umubyimba mwinshi mu bice bitandukanye by'urukuta bizatanga voltage yiyongereye mu Majon. Nyuma yo kurangira, hagomba guhita uhita wuzuzwa igisubizo no guhuza (kugabana). Ikirangantego kibi ni ikosa rikomeye ryubaka, bituma bigabanuka ku mbaraga za Masonry na Ashyushye-Inkingi yimitungo yinyubako.
Impamvu nyamukuru yo kugaragara kw'ibice mu rukuta ni amakosa mu iyubakwa ry'urufatiro. Kugirango umenye umubare umwe cyangwa ikindi gikoma aricyo kandi birashoboka gukiza inzu, birakwiye kuvugana ninzobere. Bazasuzuma neza inyubako, bazashyiraho ibitera ibitera kandi bazatanga ibyifuzo bikenewe. Mubisanzwe, ibice byoroheje byejejwe ibisubizo bisigaye numukungugu, hanyuma wuzuyemo imiyoboro y'amazi ya sima ikoresheje pompe ya minisiteri. Ibice byinshi birasanwa muri ubu buryo: Ibice bya Masonry yangiritse birasenyuka, hanyuma bifunga igice cyurukuta rwose rwurukuta hamwe nibice bitandukanye. Rimwe na rimwe, urukuta rushimangirwa nicyuma.
Kuri Kurangiza
Kenshi na kenshi, mugihe harangije inkuta zo hanze, abubatsi bemera amakosa nyuma biganisha ku bibanza byera - Saws. Birumvikana ko utazabita byica. Ahubwo, kugereranya n'indwara idakira bisaba kuvurwa igihe. Umunyu mu ijwi ry'umunyu - ntabwo ari byiza gusa, ariko ntabwo ari ibintu bitagira ingaruka. Gukura kwa kristu yumunyu muri pore yibikoresho biherekejwe no gusenya amatafari. Ikidodo kiri mubyiciro byakozwe kubera gusohoka hejuru no gusohoka hejuru yinyunyu zirimo ibikoresho byubwubatsi (mumazi, byongewe kubisubizo biri mu gisubizo ubwabwo, mumatafari). Nkuko bimeze ku ndwara iyo ari yo yose, biroroshye gutunganya, aho kwivuza.Ubwa mbere, kubisubizo byubusabire, birakenewe gukoresha sima hamwe numwoganya hasi kandi nta nguzanyo (nubwo, niba iyubakwa ikorwa mugihe cyubukonje, ntayongera ntishobora gukora). Icya kabiri, menya neza ko igisubizo kitagwa ku gice cy'imbere cy'amatafari (bitabaye ibyo birakenewe kugirango tuyikureho brush yumye). Icya gatatu, mugihe cyimvura ntushobora gukora, kandi inkuta zigomba gutwikirwa film. Icya kane, cyashyizeho ibice by'inkuta (uko zikura) birakenewe ko uhora utunganya hydrophobizer (adapfunyika amazi). Nyuma yuburyo, ihuriro ry'amatafari rirushaho guhangana na cycle yimodoka, ubushuhe ntibugwa no kunyerera n'ubugari bwa mm 1. Amazi ntabwo yinjijwe mu buso, kandi aratemba.
Nigute watsinda invosire
Niba insangange idashobora kwirindwa, bagomba "gufatwa". Mu bigize imiti, zip ni ubuntu: barasakuza kandi bashonga. Inzira rusange yo gukuraho abo nabandi ntibabaho. Ariko mbere yo gukora kurwanya "umwanzi wera," birakenewe kumenya impamvu yo kugaragara. Kurwana neza hamwe navumburwa bikorwa mubyiciro bibiri. Iya mbere ni ugusukura isura ifite uburyo bwa chimique ukoresheje twoza idasanzwe, irimo aside hamwe na surfactant isenya hejuru. Uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibihimbano byose ni kimwe: ibiyobyabwenge (bitandukanijwe namazi, niba byerekanwe mumabwiriza), bishyirwa kurukuta hamwe na brush cyangwa roller, bahanganye na 20-30 iminota, hanyuma ibisigisigi byigisubizo gisukwa n'amazi. Icyiciro cya kabiri (Hydrophobisation) ni ukurinda Masonri kuva kumwanya wubushuhe bigira uruhare mu gukuraho iminyururu kuva ku rukuta. Kubwiyi ntego, silicone (silicone) Ibigo bitanga amafaranga menshi yo kwandika amazi akoreshwa.
Ibisubizo ku rukuta bivuga kurenga ku kubaka amatafari. Ifoto: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Itangazamakuru
Nkuko urukuta rwubatswe, ugomba guhita utwikira hydrophobizers. Mugihe cyo kugwa, akazi ka Major ntirushobora gukorwa. Ifoto: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Itangazamakuru
Kurandura inkuta bikozwe kurenga ku mananiza. Ubunini bwa cheam inshuro 2-3 kurenza ibisabwa. Ifoto: "Ubuhanga bwigenga bwubwubatsi"
Kurandura inkuta bikozwe kurenga ku mananiza. Ubunini bwa cheam inshuro 2-3 kurenza ibisabwa. Ifoto: "Ubuhanga bwigenga bwubwubatsi"
Kurandura inkuta bikozwe kurenga ku mananiza. Ubunini bwa cheam inshuro 2-3 kurenza ibisabwa. Ifoto: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Itangazamakuru
Masonry ayoboye kuva mu mfuruka ya mareya hamwe no kwambara neza. Ifoto: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Itangazamakuru
Kurwanya cyane kwimura indwara z'i Ceramic biragufasha kubaka inzu nta kwiyemeza, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kubaka. Ifoto: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Itangazamakuru
Ubuso bwurukuta mbere yo guswera hamwe no gukaraba (ibumoso) hanyuma nyuma yacyo (iburyo). Ifoto: "Abashyira mu Byambwe"
Gutegura ishingiro ryo kurangiza. Mu mwobo wa Masonry. Ifoto: Saint-Gobain
Mu mwobo zatewe mu mazi. Ifoto: Saint-Gobain
Nyuma yo gushinga amanga, ubuso bufatwa na sima. Ifoto: Saint-Gobain
Amatafari Masonry nyuma yo kuvurwa na hydrophobizer. Inzitizi, ibihimbano bibuza ingaruka. Ifoto: "Abashyira mu Byambwe"
Amatafari Masonry nyuma yo kuvurwa na hydrophobizer. Inzitizi, ibihimbano bibuza ingaruka. Ifoto: "Abashyira mu Byambwe"
Horizontal yaciwe amazi yo gukumira ubushuhe bwa capillary buva murufatiro rufatika kurukuta. Z-shusho yo kubumba amazi yo gufunga amazi. Ifoto: Dörken.
Module ya L yo kuzamuka kuzimya amazi. Ifoto: Dörken.
Ahantu h'igicucu, sisitemu yo kuvoma igufasha kugabanya urwego rw'amazi munsi yo munsi yo munsi no gukuraho igitutu cya hydrostatike ku nyubako y'utubatsi. Ifoto: Wavin.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bya sisitemu: Umuyoboro w'imiyoboro, kwitegereza no gukusanya amariba. Ikoranabuhanga risobanura kwizihiza igiterane, igikoresho cyumusego kirimo, kimwe na docking yizewe. Ifoto: "Studio L-Igishushanyo"
Gucika kurukuta rwo hasi birashoboka gufunga niba urufatiro ruhagaze kandi rutagitanze imizi. Ifoto: Penetron-Russia
Ibice bya ARC, binyura mu idirishya ryafunguye, akenshi bivuka biturutse ku cyunaku ku cyuho cya Nesmonic. Ifoto: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Itangazamakuru
Ihagaritse ni ingaruka zamakosa mugihe wubaka umusingi. Ifoto: "Ubuhanga bwigenga bwubwubatsi"
Mu nsi yo munsi y'inzu yubatswe itwara amazi. Impamvu - Indwara yo guhangana nikoranabuhanga ritahembwa no kubura sisitemu yo kuvoma. Ifoto: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Itangazamakuru
Ibi nibyo amakosa yica ayoboye: Urukuta rwishwanyagungizwa no gutangaratara kuburyo ari ngombwa kongera gukora. Ifoto: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Itangazamakuru
Amashami ya Peyered byanze bikunze yerekana igikoresho cyo guhumeka hagati yisuku nurukuta ruhuye. Ifoto: "Jetstroy"
